tidal lgoon swansea bay
TRANSCRIPT
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- Beauty Oviawe
- Onuorah Ikechukwu
- Mutaz Alwakil
- Shubham Kotkar
Tidal Lagoon!Swansea Bay A great opportunity to harness reliable, low cost, renewable energy.
Executive summary !This report was presented in order to provide the information on tidal power and different ways that this renewable source of energy can be used to benefit the society with no cost to the environment. !!With all of that, this report provides reliable information which was collected using a questionnaire. !!It provides information on how tidal power can generate clean energy to provide electricity to the general public. !It also suggests that the tidal lagoon will not only generate energy but also be beneficial in many ways. !!On the same hand, it also provides information about the loss to the society on implementing the tidal power project. !!Lastly, this report analysis the advantages and disadvantages of using tidal power to benefit the society.
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Table of Content:
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Execu3ve summary 1 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
Introduc3on : 3 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
2.Aims : 4 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
3.Methodology : 5 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
4. Ques3oner : It is been drawn for this research to know the people in support and those not in support and also secondary research is been done. The ques3ons are as follows : 8 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
Discussion and Findings : 8 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
Findings : 8 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
Discussion : 9 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
Conclusion : 9 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
Recommenda3ons : 9 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
8. Reference List : 10 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
9. Appendix : 10 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
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1.Introduction :
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!Nowadays, encouragement for different types of renewable energy is supported from different parts of the world. One of the emerging renewable energies is ‘Tidal Power’. Tidal power is a form of hydropower which converts the energy of tides into different types of energy. According to (http://www.tidallagoonswanseabay.com/proposal-overview-and-vision.aspx) the Severn Estuary holds the second highest tidal range in the world, from and average tidal range of 8.5m during the spring tide in Swansea.
Hence, they are harnessing the same energy at the Swansea bay which is also the part of Severn Estuary. It is know as ‘Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay’. The tide is created by the gravitational effect of the sun and the moon on the earth causing cyclical movement of the seas. Hence, it is entirely predictable form of renewable energy.
The Swansea Bay lagoon will comprise a UK standard sand-core breakwater or rock bund, similar to many seen in coastal defence schemes and harbour walls. The generating equipment of bulb hydro turbines have been used for many years on run-of-river hydro power schemes as well as some landmark tidal barrages. The hydro turbines are mounted inside concrete turbine housings and are permanently submerged so the resulting view is of a ring-shaped harbour wall with one section of concrete casing. As the sea outside the breakwater rises and is held back a difference in water levels is created, known as ‘head’, and once a sufficient head height is reached sluice gates are opened and water flows into the lagoon through turbines to generate electricity. This process then occurs in reverse, on the ebb tide, as sea levels start to fall and a tidal head is created by holding water back within the lagoon. This way the tides can flow through our turbines four times daily to generate power.
2.Aims :
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Production of renewable energy.
Encouragement of British Engineering.
Creation of long term jobs.
Associated educational programs.
Sports and recreational activities.
Primary, Secondary and University level education.
Locally inspired art installation.
Tourist attraction.
Promotion of marine eco system regeneration.
!!3.Methodology : !
The Lagoon Wall!!Design : !
The tidal lagoon has been designed to dramatically reduce the cost, materials and carbon involved in traditional construction of a breakwater or sea wall, thus increasing the viability of the project. Significant cost savings and reduced construction times can be achieved by the replacement of a rock mound with locally sourced dredged materials and casings, which have been used in many global marine schemes. !
Construction : !Techniques are proposed that use dredged sandy materials from a relatively thin layer the sea bed within the lagoon, which are then hydraulically filled into long geotextile casings known as Geotubes®. On top of these Geotubes® and compact sand fill are placed small rocks and on top of this the larger rock armour to protect against degradation.
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!!The project managers are partnering with leading global engineering and construction firms to ensure a robust and expert approach to our detailed designs. In doing so we aim to maintain low technology risk and use established construction methods across the whole project. !!
Turbine Technology!!Their proposals involve the use of existing technology in the form of low-head bulb turbines which generate electricity when water flows the past turbine blades. The flow is created by gravity through the difference in head (or tidal height) between the inside and outside of the lagoon walls, as you would find in a dam structure. This type of turbine has been used in many hydro power applications, a good
example of which is La Rance barrage in Brittany, France, which has been successfully operational for half a century. !The primary difference between previous applications and the tidal lagoon is the efficiency of electricity generation in both directions, on ebb and flood tides. We are working with the world’s leading turbine manufacturers to optimise turbine technology and energy outputs. Accurate tidal data for Swansea Bay has been used in energy output studies undertaken from 2011 onwards, to assess the
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potential for energy extraction through a tidal lagoon. Results have been extremely encouraging and the predictable power output can be used directly by the National Grid as a base load source of electricity capacity; this means that the tidal power station does not require back-up, fossil-fuel driven load balancing elsewhere. !The proposed turbines will have a runner diameter (span of the turbine blades) in the region of 7m and will be permanently submerged below the low water level in Swansea Bay. Turbine optimisation and modelling is ongoing as our team assesses the most efficient configuration for Swansea Bay. !!!!!!!!!
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4. Questioner : It is been drawn for this research to know the people in support and those not in support and also secondary research is been done. The questions are as follows : A. Have you heard of the tidal energy? !
B. Are you aware that the government of Wales is building a ‘Tidal Lagoon’ at the
Swansea Bay?!
C. Do you think tidal energy is better than other renewable energies?!
D. Do you think the project will create long term job opportunities? !
E. Do you think the amount of money invested in the project will be recovered? !
F. Do you think it will make any change in your life?!
More questions are attached to the document. They are the snapshots of the questioner which we posted on the Facebook.!
5. Discussion and Findings :
Findings : ! The world’s first, man-made, energy generating lagoon, with a 240 MW nominal rated capacity averaging 14 hours of generation every day. ! Clean, renewable, reliable and predictable power for 120,000 homes (enough to power 70% of Swansea Bay’s annual domestic electricity use) for 120 years. ! An important contribution towards national carbon emissions reduction targets - over 216,000 tonnes of CO2 saved each year. !An opportunity to develop a tidal range industry for the UK, centred around Wales. !Community and tourism opportunities covering education, arts, culture, recreation and sports. !Tidal power connected to the National Grid by 2020, as other power stations are closed down. !!!!
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Discussion : !In order to obtain relevant informa3on and data we researched and referred various sources. We were keen to know the opinion of the people of Swansea about the ‘Tidal Lagoon’. So we did an online survey. With the help of technology and mass media we could approach more people. More than 100 people of different age groups par3cipated in our survey. The opinion of people is mixed about harnessing 3dal energy as many people are not aware about it. But, the people who were aware about it are excited about it. Especially, the young genera3on is keeping track with the development of the project. The senior ci3es have a concern ; whether the amount of money invested will be recovered? If yes, then what is the dura3on of recovery? We felt that their doubts must cleared so we posted this ques3on on the official website of the project. In this way, we did our bit to create awareness about the project in the city. ( Survey conducted on www.facebook.com )
!!!6.Conclusion : !Aaer an extensive research, we have concluded that although a number of people are completely not aware about the 3dal lagoon, a fair number of people feel that the project will be beneficial to the ci3zens of Swansea. It will not only generate a reasonable amount of clean energy but also create long 3me job opportuni3es, educa3onal programs, sports facili3es and adract tourists. This project will act like a turning point in the development of Swansea and help it gain new heights in the global market.
7. Recommendations : ! Swansea has a fair amount of wind. Why don't the project managers, keeping it in considera3on, install windmills on the path way. This will save cost of installa3on of separate concrete pre-‐cast blocks in the sea. Naturally, the amount of energy the project is genera3ng will also increase.
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!!8. Reference List : !
Alistair Thomas. (2010). Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay. Retrieved January 10, 2014, http://tidallagoonswanseabay.com/what-is-a-tidal-lagoon.aspx !British Broadcast Corporation (BBC, 2013)
!Charlier, R., Flinkl, C. (2009). Ocean Energy. s.l. : Springer. !Great Britain : Parliament : House of Commons : Energy and Climate Change Committee, (2013). A Severn Barrage. London : The Stationary Office. !Peter Darwell. (2007). Tidal Energy Limited. retrieved December 13, 2013, http://www.tidalenergyltd.com/?page_id=1370 !!!
9. Appendix : ! Chris Elliott. (2008). The Guardian. Retrieved November 30, 2013,http://www.theguardian.com/uk !Stephen Pritchard. (2010). National Infrastructure Planning. Retrieved February 14, 2014, http://infrastructure.planningportal.gov.uk/ !Wales Online (2014), http://www.walesonline.co.uk/
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!!!Thank you
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Questioner
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