Tia Davison and Maddy FranciosiComputers 8

Carbohydrates

• Provides fuel • Helps organ function• Whole grains are better than white grains• Body breaks them down into simple sugars• Two main types:– Simple (sugars)– Complex (starches)

Carbohydrates (cont.)

Simple• Composed of one or two sugars• Needs almost no digesting • Found in fruits, syrups, juice, etc.Complex• Composed of three or more sugars• Keep us full and satisfied for longer• Found in grains, beans, barley, etc.

Fats

• Keeps hair healthy and fingernails strong• Develops brain and nervous system• Helps the body use vitamins• Three main types: –Unsaturated (good)– Saturated (bad)– Trans (worst)

Fats (cont.)

Unsaturated• Great for heart health• Found in plant foods, fish, etc.Saturated• Increases risks of heart disease• Found in meat and other animal productsTrans• Raises cholesterol• Found in snack, baked and fried foods

Protein

• Helps moves our legs and lungs• Protects us from disease• As we grow our intake should increase• Muscles, organs, and immune systems are

made of protein• Two main types:– Complete – Incomplete

Protein (cont.)

Complete• In animal sources• Contains all of the essential acids we need• Found in meat, eggs, milk, etc.Incomplete• In all vegetables• Lacking one or more of the acids• Found in carrots, broccoli, cucumber, etc.

Fibre

• Keeps our intestines working• Reduces risks of diabetes and certain cancers• Protects against constipation • Too much cause discomfort, gas and bloating• Two main types:– Soluble– Insoluble

Fibre (cont.)

Soluble• Absorbs water into intestines • Sends cholesterol out of body• Found in oats, beans, apples, etc.Insoluble• Doesn’t dissolve in water• Prevents constipation• Found in bran, nuts, seeds, etc.

Vitamins

• Organic compounds essential for growth• In most foods, healthier foods have more• Two main types:– Fat soluble (A, D, E & K) • Dissolve in fat• Stored in body– Water soluble (C & B) • Dissolve in water• Pass through body

Vitamins (cont.)

Vitamin A• Helps eyesight & fights infections • In orange & green fruits & vegVitamin B• 8 types• Helps make energy & red blood cells• In green veg, dairy, meat, grains, etc.Vitamin C• Most animals can produce their own• Helps cuts & body tissues heal• In citrus fruits, green veg & red peppers

Vitamins (cont.)

Vitamin D• Helps body absorb calcium• Keeps bones strong• In milk, fish, eggs, etc.Vitamin E• Helps fight off diseases • Protects red blood cells & tissues• In whole grains, vegetable oils, nuts, etc.Vitamin K• Helps prevent heart disease• Makes blood clot, it helps stop bleeding• In green veg, dairy, etc.

Minerals

• Come from soil, cannot be created by living things

• Builds strong bones & transmits nerve impulses• Two main types:- Macrominerals (calcium, sodium, etc.) • Body needs a lot- Trace minerals (iron, zinc, etc.)• Body doesn’t need a lot

Minerals (cont.)

Macrominerals: Body needs large amounts

• Calcium: Builds strong bones- In dairy foods

• Iron: Helps red blood cells & oxygen move around- In red meats

• Sodium: Helps blood pressure & muscles- In meats, bread, cheese, etc.

• Potassium: Helps maintain proper fluid balance- In fruits, veg, nuts, etc.

Minerals (cont.)

Trace minerals: Body needs a very little amount

• Copper: Helps maintain blood vessels- In seafood, veg, etc.

• Iodine: Helps produce energy- Also in seafood, veg, etc.

• Zinc: Helps cells & tissues- In meat, seafood, eggs, etc.

Water (H20)

• Is in almost every food• 75% of our body weight• Suppresses your appetite• Helps bloodstream flow through vessels• Regulates body temperature• Carries nutrients & oxygen to cells• Improves skinAnd much more

Bibliography • http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-yo

u-eat/carbohydrates/

• http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/carbs.html • http://staff.jccc.net/pdecell/biochemistry/carbohyd.html• http://kidshealth.org/kid/nutrition/food/fat.html • http://kidshealth.org/kid/nutrition/food/protein.html • http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/protein.html• http://kidshealth.org• http://www.nutristrategy.com/nutrition/• http://www.livestrong.com/article/206223-vitamin-facts-for-kid

s/• http://idahoptv.org/dialogue4kids/season8/nutrition/facts.cfm