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Thymus & HypothalamusJoan Daly and Antony SareHAP Period 5Overview of the Endocrine SystemInstrumental in regulating:MoodGrowth and developmentTissue functionMetabolismSexual function and reproductionIn charge of slow body processes, like cell growthSpecific Glands Thymus Hypothalamus

Location of GlandsThymus right next to the heartHypothalamus above the brain stem

Role & Function: ThymusControls immune mechanismPromotes maturation of B-cells and T-cellsBecomes inactive later in life, leading to atrophyAtrophy is why older people contract more diseases

Role & Function: HypothalamusMaintains homeostasisContains specialized nuclei to maintain basic psychological functionsBody temperatureBlood pressureFluid and electrolyte balanceDigestionMain cause of involuntary emotional choices

HormonesHypothalamus secretes dopamineThymus secretes thymosin & thymopoietin

thymosinthymopoietin

dopamineDopamineHormone produced in the hypothalamus, also considered to be a neurotransmitterAffects diverse processes like muscle movement, thinking, emotion, motivation and pleasureFun fact: people with Parkinsons disease have depleted levels of dopamine

ThymosinHormone that plays an important role in regulating the immune systemFound in the thymus glandTwo types:Alpha: play a role in dna transcriptionBeta: operate in the cellular cytoplasm and contribute to cell mobilityTogether they function to detect the presence of autoimmune diseases and affect how T cells (germ-killing white blood cells) functionThymopoeitinAlso released by the thymusReside in cell nucleus and help out by maintaining the structural organization of the nuclear envelopeAlso regulates the localization of chromosomes in the nuclear membraneMutations in thymopoietin result in cardiomyopathyMyasthenia GravisA type of auto immune disorder (immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue)Body produces antibodies that block the muscle cells from receiving messages (nerve impulses)Associated with tumors of the thymusSymptoms: difficult breathing, chewing, climbing stairs, talking facial paralysis, fatigue, double vision

Hypothalamic DiseaseCaused by excessive dietary intake of iron, malnutrition, trauma, or tumorsSymptoms: headaches and vision problems, can increase hypothyroidism problems (affects the hormone production of pituitary and thyroid glands), altered body temperature, inability to control urination, excessive thirst, obesity and emotional disturbanceAll depends on the severity of the disease

Fun Facts

Works Cited"The Endocrine System." A New Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. ."Endocrine System." Teens Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. .Hormones of the Hypothalamus. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. ."Hypothalamus." You & Your Hormones. N.p., Mar. 2011. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. .McClure, Susan T. "Is dopamine a natural hormone in the body?" Livestrong. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. ."Myasthenia gravis." PubMed Health. N.p., 18 June 2011. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. ."The Role of the Hypothalamus." Phoenix Children's Hospital. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. .Shmaefsky, Brian R. Applied Anatomy & Physiology. Comp. Jerri Adler et al. Montreal: Paradigm Publishing, Inc., 2007. Print."What Is a Thymosin?" WiseGeek. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. .

Concept Check1. Describe the main function for the thymus and hypothalamus, and state where each is located.2. State the bodily processes dopamine regulates.3. Explain the difference between to the two types of thymosin, and what thymosin does.4. What is myasthenia gravis and how does it affect the body?

Thymus controls immune mechanism, located right next to heart. Hypothalamus maintains homeostasis, located right above the brain stem. muscle movement, thinking, emotion, motivation and pleasureAlpha: play a role in dna transcription; Beta: operate in the cellular cytoplasm and contribute to cell mobilityTogether they function to detect the presence of autoimmune diseases and affect how T cells (germ-killing white blood cells) function4. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder associated with the formations of tumors in the thymus. It affects the body by producing antibodies that block muscle cells from receiving nerve impulses.

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