Thursday November 12

Chapter 8, Securing the Republic, 1790-1815

Classwork for Thursday November 12

• Watch this:• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

r8lM05pC5JY• PBS American Experience. Alexander

Hamilton and Aaron Burr (51m)• Write down (and hand in) the ten most

interesting facts that you learned from this video.

Watch these• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUH-xtkovxg• John Adams (HBO) on the Alien & Sedition Acts (7m)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wL4ZN64Yz3o• Alien and Sedition Acts (2m)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N88PyMoMW6g• XYZ Affair & Alien and Sedition Acts (2m)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZyuZRcxpCKM• "The XYZ Affair" Educational Video (2m)

Watch these

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_zTN4BXvYI• Attack Ads, Circa 1800 (1m)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDue_xIphv0• The Election of 1800 Explained-Hip Hughes (10m)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQmtEc-6E-Y• The Election of 1800 (6m)

THE IMPACT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION• AT AROUND THE SAME TIME AS THE COMPROMISE OF

1790 (MOVING THE NATIONAL CAPITAL), THE FRENCH REVOLUTION IS UNDERWAY IN EUROPE.

• A VERY, VERY RADICAL REV. STEEPED IN BLOODSHED. EPIC AMOUNTS OF BLOODSHED.

• TO MAKE MATTERS WORSE, THE BRITISH AND FRENCH ARE ENGAGED IN YET ANOTHER WAR, WHICH POLARIZES AMERICANS.

• WASHINGTON AND HAMILTON ARE APPALLED BY WHAT THEY CONSIDER BLOODY ANARCHY IN FRANCE.

• SHOCKED, WASHINGTON AND HAMILTON (FEDERALISTS) BELIEVE THE US SHOULD BEFRIEND GB, EVEN THOUGH, SINCE THE AMERICAN REV (1778), THE US HAD BEEN A PERMANENT ALLY OF FRANCE!

THE IMPACT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

-IN 1793, GW (FEDERALIST) DECLARES THE US TO BE NEUTRAL (AT ALL COSTS) IN THE ONGOING WAR BETWEEN GB AND FRANCE (THIS GREATLY UPSET THE FRENCH)

• GW (FEDERALIST) EXPELLED THE FRENCH ENVOY/DIPLOMAT/EDMOND GENET, FOR ATTEMPTING TO GET AMERICAN SHIPS (UNDER THE FRENCH FLAG) TO SEIZE BRITISH VESSELS. (THIS ALSO GREATLY UPSET THE FRENCH)

• AT SAME TIME, GB (THE TRADITIONAL ENEMY OF THE U.S.) IS SEIZING “IMPRESSING” AMERICAN SHIPS AND SAILORS!!!

• THEN, MAKING MATTERS SO MUCH WORSE, CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE U.S. SUPREME COURT, JOHN JAY (FEDERALIST) NEGOTIATES A TREATY W/ GB (1794) THAT DISSOLVED THE US/FRENCH ALLIANCE!! (THIS REALLY, REALLY UPSET THE FRENCH)

POLITICAL PARTIESTHE MID-1790S IS THE TIME OF THE RISE OF POLITICAL PARTIES

FIRST OFFICIAL PARTY IN THE US/THE PARTY OF ALEXANDER HAMILTON, THE “FEDERALIST PARTY.”

SUPPORT THE GW ADMIN.

SUPPORTED HAMILTON’S ECONOMIC POLICIES

STRONG AMERICAN INDUSTRIES PROTECTED AGAINST FOREIGN COMPETITION

CLOSER TIES WITH GB

NATIONAL ARMY TO IMPOSE LAW AND ORDER AND SUPPRESS POPULAR INSURRECTION

RULE BY ELITE WHITE MEN. ALL WHITE MEN CAN VOTE, BUT NOT SUPPOSED TO RULE.

POLITICAL PARTIES• THE JEFFERSONIANS (THE FIRST REPUBLICAN PARTY) (NOT THE

SAME AS TODAY)

• BELIEVE THE EXACT OPPOSITE

• THEY BELIEVE IN DEMOCRATIC SELF GOVERNMENT

• THE PEOPLE CAN NEVER BE WRONG

• DISPLAY AN AVERSION TO SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INEQUITIES

• SUPPORTED BY SO. PLANTERS, SMALL FARMERS—WANTED GOV’T TO PROTECT FARMERS

• ALSO SUPPORTED BY URBAN ARTISANS/SKILLED WORKERS IN CITIES. WHY??

• THEY FELT THAT THE FEDERALIST PARTY WAS THE PARTY OF THE RICH ELITE AND DID NOT REPRESENT THEM.

THE WHISKEY REBELLION

• WHISKEY REBELLION OF 1794

• ARMED FRONTIER FARMERS IN PA TRIED TO PREVENT THE COLLECTION OF THE WHISKEY TAX

• PRESIDENT GW (FEDERALIST) SENT ARMED TROOPS TO PUT THEM DOWN. HEADED UP THE ARMY HIMSELF FOR PART OF THE WAY.

• REBELS DID NOT RESIST

• REBELLION REINFORCED THE FEDERALISTS’ FEAR OF POPULAR DEMOCRACY

THE END OF WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY

• GW SET EXAMPLE BY RETIRING. NO DESIRE TO BE “PRESIDENT FOR LIFE.”

• -IN HIS FAREWELL ADDRESS GW WARNED AGAINST 1-PARTISANSHIP AND 2-FOREIGN/EUROPEAN ENTANGLEMENTS.

• ADVISED AMERICANS TO AVOID “PERMANENT ALLIANCES WITH…THE FOREIGN WORLD.”

The Adams Presidency

• The Election of 1796:• FIRST CONTESTED PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION-

FIERCELY CONTESTED• FEDERALIST J. ADAMS BEAT REPUBLICAN

JEFFERSON• REPUBLICAN TJ ELECTED VP • ADAMS WON IN N. ENG., NY, NJ• JEFFERSON WON IN THE SOUTH AND ALSO IN PA• NOW 16 STATES (VT, KY, TENN.)• ADAMS’S PRESIDENCY WOULD BE RIFE WITH

CRISES

THE ADAMS PRESIDENCY• CRISES, BOTH FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC, BEGAN

IMMEDIATELY:

• 1-XYZ AFFAIR (1797)-FRENCH OFFICIALS DEMANDED BRIBES AND A OUTRAGED ADAMS EXPOSED THE AFFAIR. FRENCH FURIOUS.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yo4FPrzd3SE• XYZ Affair, Quasi Affair, & Convention of 1800 APUSH Review (7M)

• 2-ANIMOSITIES THEN LED TO (BY 1798) THE US AND ITS OLD ALLY, FRANCE, BEING INVOLVED IN A “QUASI WAR” AT SEA (PILLAGING EACH OTHER’S SHIPPING)

• 3-FRIES’S REBELLION-1799-(MINOR REBELLION OVER TAXES IN SE PA LED BY JOHN FRIES). ADAMS SENT IN UNITS OF THE FEDERAL ARMY TO SUPPRESS THE REBELS. AREA NEVER AGAIN VOTED FOR FEDERALISTS.

• The “Reign of Witches”--TJ

• 4-ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS, 1798• GREATEST OF ALL THE CRISES OF ADAMS’S ADMIN.• FEDERALISTS TRIED TO SILENCE CRITICS-ESPECIALLY

RADICAL IMMIGRANTS FROM ENGLAND/BRITAIN (THE LIKES OF TOM PAINE) AND ALSO FROM FRANCE/ALSO FRENCH REFUGEES FROM THE CARIBBEAN

• ALSO TRIED TO SILENCE THE REPUBLICAN PRESS BY ARRESTING EDITORS

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guurFhe4pZ8• Alien and Sedition Acts (2M)

THE ADAMS YEARS

THE ADAMS PRESIDENCY

• A NEW NATURALIZATION ACT PASSED BY FEDERALISTS INCREASED FROM 5 TO 14 YEARS THE WAIT FOR AN IMMIGRANT TO APPLY FOR US CITIZENSHIP.

• THE ALIEN ACT ALLOWED THE PRESIDENT TO EXPEL ANY FOREIGN IMMIGRANT WHOM HE BELIEVED POSED A THREAT TO THE COUNTRY

• FEDERALISTS ARGUED THAT THE LAW WAS TO PROTECT AMERICA FROM SPIES

• POLITICAL MOTIVES AT WORK: MOST RADICAL FRENCH AND BRITISH IMMIGRANTS JOINED THE REPUBLICAN PARTY WHEN THEY BECAME CITIZENS

THE ADAMS PRESIDENCY

• SEDITION ACT-ALSO PASSED BY THE FEDERALISTS IN 1798.

• SEDITION ACT MADE IT A CRIME TO SPEAK OR WRITE ANY CRITICISM OF THE US, ITS GOV’T, OR GOV’T OFFICIALS

• REPUBLICANS ARGUED THAT THE SEDITION ACT VIOLATED THE FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHT OT FREE SPEECH

• MANY NEWSPAPERMEN AND EVEN SOME CONGRESSMEN WERE THROWN IN JAIL FOR SPEAKING OUT AGAINST ELECTED OFFICIALS

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyCongressional Pugilists

THE ADAMS PRESIDENCY

• The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions:• OPPOSITION TO THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS GETS

UNDERWAY IMMEDIATELY• JEFFERSON BELIEVED THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS

WOULD LEAD TO AN END TO DEMOCRACY• JEFFERSON AND MADISON LEAD THE CHARGE AND DRAFT

RESOLUTIONS THAT WERE ADOPTED BY THE VA AND KY LEGISLATURES

• BOTH RESOLUTIONS ATTACKED THE ACTS AS AN UNCONSTITUTIONAL VIOLATION OF THE FIRST AMENDMENT/FREE SPEECH.

• NO OTHER STATE ENDORSED THESE RESOLUTIONS.• WERE AFRAID OF STATES HAVING POWER TO NULLIFY

FEDERAL LAWS• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oj0nqDs-iWg• The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (14M)

THE “REVOLUTION OF 1800”

• THE ELECTION/ “REVOLUTION”(TJ) OF 1800

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDue_xIphv0• The Election of 1800 Explained (10M)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDkCY6o-fKo• Turning Points in US History: Revolution of 1800 (7M)

THE “REVOLUTION OF 1800”

• REPUBLICANS BECAME VERY MOBILIZED-NEWSPAPERS, PAMPHLETS, POLITICAL GATHERINGS

• JEFFERSON (73 ELECTORAL VOTES) DEFEATED ADAMS (65 ELECTORAL VOTES)

• JEFFERSON’S RUNNING MATE/VP AARON BURR (ALSO RECEIVED 73 VOTES)

• VOTE WENT TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (36 ATTEMPTS)

• ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPPED IN AND THREW HIS SUPPORT BEHIND JEFFERSON; BURR BECAME VICE PRESIDENT

• HAMILTON-BURR DUEL (FOUR YEARS LATER)

THE “REVOLUTION OF 1800”

• A CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS EMERGED FROM THE ELECTION OF 1800 AND LED TO THE

• TWELFTH AMENDMENT-CORRECTED CONSTITUTION (ELECTORS VOTED SEPARATELY FOR PRES(1 VOTE) AND VP (1 VOTE))

• ADAMS’S ACCEPTANCE OF DEFEAT ESTABLISHED PRECEDENCE FOR THE PEACEFUL TRANSFER OF POWER

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyMap 8.1 The Presidential Election 1800

Homework due Friday November 13

• STUDY TODAY’S PPT AND MAKE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND IT. WE WILL GO OVER IT ON FRIDAY.