Three-Dimensional (3d) Instructional

Media

Overview:The three-dimensional materials are very usefulin the event that real-life materials areimpossible to be brought in the classrooms toprovide students with certain amounts of direct,purposeful, rich, and meaningful learningexperience in accordance with Dale’s “Cone ofExperience”.

Content:Some of the most commonly used types of 3-Dmaterials are the objects and specimens,models and mock-ups, diorama, puppets, andeven resource person

Objects and SpecimensObjects are concrete materials such as plants, animals, tools, and artifacts used in providing direct experienceSpecimen is a part or aspect of some item that is a typical sample of the character of others in its same class or group, enable us to learn many things that would otherwise be unobtainable.

Objects and specimens enable us to build generalizationsthat would otherwise cost prohibitive amounts of time and

effort

Advantages:less abstract and more concreteattracts students’ attentionstudents become more familiar with objects

Limitations:need bigger storageprone to possible damagesome objects have limitation in availability and may not be able to find

Models and Mock-upsare modified real things- reproductions of costlyor delicate items that can be provided atreasonable cost and are safe to use , replicas ofreal objects that can be larger or smaller thanthe real thing

Types of Models1. Solid ModelsMainly for recognizing external features as in the caseof globes

2. Cross-section/ Cut-away Models

Show internal structures such as that of a treeshowing the pith and other internal parts

3. Construction ModelsCan be assembled or disassembled to showparts to whole relationship

4. Working ModelsIndicate how the things being represented andoperated

Advantagesallow learner to examine model or mock-up which may not be easy in the real objectfunctioning model/mock-up allows learner to handle and operatecreate high interest and permit close up observation of how it workscan provide learning experiences that real objects cant provide

working models can illustrate basic operations of real device and provide important details

allow learner to independently study the item at their own convenience

make classroom discussion more effective

Limitations:require tedious workexpensivemight distort some real conceptstoo heavy or too big models may be difficult to handle for actual lecture

DioramaFrom the Greek word “to see through”, a threedimensional representation of events, ideas orconcepts against a scenic background, alsoknown as portable and meaningful exhibit inboxes or cases, a miniature scene which meantto replicate reality and cause students to thinkcreatively and aesthetically.

Four principal parts of dioramascase or stageprinted backgroundthree-dimensional middle and foregroundfigures, constructions, and modeled objects that are placed in the case

Advantages:they have intrinsic valueallow us to compare past and present conditionsaids in making connections to the real worlddevelops student’s creativitycan be viewed, handled and examined by studentsadds interest and meaning to the lesson

Limitations:demands a bigger space in the classroom in terms of use and storage.generally expensivedamaged easily

PuppetsArtificial figures whose movements are controlled bya person, inanimate objects that are manipulated bya puppeteer so as to appear to be moving, use torepresent a person, animal plant or an object, can

bea medium of expression for children in role playingfashion for it assists the child in assuming the role ofthe character that he is portraying.

Types of Puppets:

1.Shadow PuppetsTwo-dimensional in nature, controlled by rodsthat are much thinner than the typical ones thatare used to support the rod puppet, makes useof translucent screen and a light source for itseffective use.

2. Rod PuppetsAre flat cut out figurestacked to a stick withone or more movableparts and operated frombelow the stage level bywire rods or slendersticks

Hand PuppetsMade to slip over the handlike a glove, the puppets headis operated by the forefingerof the puppeteer, the littlefinger and the thumb arebeing used to animate thepuppet hands

Glove-and-finger puppets

Make use of old gloves towhich small costumedfigure are attached

MarionettesSuspended and controlled by a number of stings, acentral rod attached to control bar held from aboveby the puppeteer, basic strings for operation areattached to the head, back, hands (to control thearms) and just above the knee (to control the legs),complex and sophisticated to operate that requiresgreater manipulative control.

Advantagesboost participation among studentsstirring and attention gettingfascination of the inanimate objectsenjoyable and spontaneous learning experiencesstudents become more creative

Limitations:time consumingexpensivedemands extra effortcan compete with the teacher

Resource Person as anInstructional Medium

Is someone invited to talk about something, he/sheis experienced or knowledgeable with and iscapable of sharing what he/she knows

Introducing the Speaker/s1. thoroughly prepare what you are going to say2. follow the TIS formula:

T- topic/exact title of the talkI- importance of the topicS- speaker, hi/her outstanding qualifications, particularly

those that relate to the topic

3. announce the speaker’s name distinctly and clearly4. be enthusiastic about the speaker

Advantages:less preparation on the part of the teacherthorough discussion of the topicmight add enthusiasm to the audience if the speaker is good

Limitations:hassle in searching for suitable speakermight confused the audience if the speaker is not good enoughless enthusiasm from the audience if the speaker is boring

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