thorium
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ThoriumNamed after thor,
the VikiNg Norse god of thuNder.
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Atomic Structure:● Number of Energy Levels: 7
● First Energy Level: 2
● Second Energy Level: 8
● Third Energy Level: 18
● Fourth Energy Level: 32
● Fifth Energy Level: 18
● Sixth Energy Level: 10
● Seventh Energy Level: 2
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•Thorium is located within group 3, in period 7.•It is a member of the Actinides.•It’s final electron configuration is 6d2, with quantum numbers: 6,2,-1,+1/2
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First ionization energy: 587KJ/molElectron affinity: noneElectronegativity: 1.3
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Jöns Jacob BerzeliusJöns Jacob Berzelius
Basic Information
Name: ThoriumSymbol: ThAtomic Number: 90Atomic Mass: 232.0381 amuMelting Point: 1750.0 °CBoiling Point: 4790.0 °CNumber of Protons/Electrons: 90Number of Neutrons: 142Classification: ActinidesCrystal Structure: CubicDensity: 11.72 g/cm3 (@ 293 K)Color: silver
Discovered in 1828 by:
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CharaCteristiCs Of thOrium● Pure thorium is a silvery-white metal.
● The physical properties of thorium are greatly influenced by the degree of contamination with the oxide.
● Pure thorium is soft, very ductile, and can be cold-rolled.
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thOrium● Thorium is a naturally-occurring, slightly
radioactive metal.● Uses: strong alloys, ultraviolet photoelectric
cells, nuclear fuel● Obtained From: monazite, thorite ● It is found in small amounts in most rocks and
soils.● It is about three times more abundant than
uranium.
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Thorium As A NucleAr Fuel
● Most Abundant Nuclear Fuel
● Today, thorium is relatively expensive - about $5,000 per kilogram. However, this is only because of there is currently little demand for thorium, but there is 4 times as much thorium in the earth’s crust as there is uranium, & uranium is only $40/kg. If thorium starts to be mined in large amounts, its cost could drop to as low as $10/kg.
Thorium rods. Photo: Department of Energy
Thorium rods
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Thorium compouNds● Thorium dihydride: ThH2
● Thorium trifluoride: ThF3
● Thorium tetrafluoride: ThF4
● Thorium tetrachloride: ThCl4
● Thorium diiodide: ThI2
● Thorium triiodide: ThI3
● Thorium tetraiodide: ThI4
● Thorium dioxide: ThO2
● Thorium sulphide: ThS
● Thorium disulphide: ThS2
● Dithorium trisulphide: Th2S3
•Thorium diselenide: ThSe2
•Thorium nitride: ThN•Thorium sulphate nonahydrate: Th(SO4)2.9H2O
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my FiNAl piTch:
Thorium has a promising future as a fuel source in LFTR’s; it is four times as abundant as Uranium, readily available in the United States, relatively safe, and extremely efficient.
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By my estimates, this is the amount it will cost you to buy the United States’ supply of Thorium!
Three easy payments of $ 733,333,333,333!Plus shipping & handling
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Christian s. Christian s. ParkerParker
Marketing and sales division
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thoriuM, ContaCt: