Thoracic Cavity

Right and Left Pleural Cavities

Parietal Pleura Visceral (Pulmonary) Pleura Parietal

– Costal– Mediastinal– Diaphragmatic– Cupola

Connecting Pleura

Pleural Cavities

Pleural Cavities

Lungs

Light, soft, spongy Conical in shape, apex, base, costal surface,

medial surface, hilus. Note various impressions Right lung

– Three lobes; superior, middle and inferior

– Oblique and horizontal fissure

Left Lung– Two lobes; superior and inferior also Lingula and

Cardiac notch, oblique fissure

Right Lung

Right Lung

Right Lung

Right Lung

Left Lung

Left Lung

Left Lung

Surface Anatomy

Surface Anatomy

Surface Anatomy

Airways

Trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi out to 25 generations

All comprised of hyaline cartilage Trachea

– Begins where larynx ends (about C6)

– 10 cm long, half in neck, half in mediastinum

– 20 U-Shaped rings of hyaline cartilage – keeps lumen intact but not as brittle as bone

– Lined with epithelium and cilia which work to keep foreign bodies/irritants away from lungs

Airways

Airways

Trachea

Airways

Airways Primary Brochi One to each lung – continuation of trachea

– Right bronchus is wider and shorter 2.5 cm as opposed to 5 cm and branches from the trachea at a greater angle

Secondary bronchi – one to each lobe, three in right, two in left

Tertiary – one to each bronchopulmonary segment – approximately 10 per lung

All of the above are hyaline cartilage with no ability to change diameter

Bronchoscope

Tumor

Tumor

Tumor

In and Out

Bronchopulmonary Segments

Bronchopulmonary Segments

Bronchopulmonary Segments

Bronchioles

First level of airway surrounded by smooth muscle; therefore can change diameter as in brocho-constriction and broncho-dilation

Terminal Respiratory 3-8 orders alveoli

Bronchioles

Bronchioles

Gas Exchange Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated

blood to aleoli Gas exchange occurs via diffusion through

the capillary beds Returned to heart via pulmonary veins

Gas Exchange

Innervation

Pleura via intercostal (thoracic) nerves Tracheobronchial tree Parasympathetic via CN X efferent function

= broncho-constriction via smooth mm., also to epithelial cells in trachea; afferent = responsible for cough reflex

Sympathetic from T1-T5 efferent = brocho-dilation

Intercostal to Pleura

Innervation

Blood Supply

Lungs do not receive any vascular supply from the pulmonary vessels (pulmonary aa. or veins)

Blood delivered to lung tissue via the bronchiole arteries

Vessels evolve from aortic arch Travel along the bronchial tree

Blood Supply

Blood Supply