this presentation premiered at watersmart innovations · retail & wholesale colorado springs...

This presentation premiered at WaterSmart Innovations

watersmartinnovations.com

http://watersmartinnovations.com/

ICI and Multi-Family Water Conservation by the Numbers

Presented by H.W.(Bill) Hoffman, PE

532 Christopher’s CoveLockhart, Texas 78644

[email protected]

at

WaterSmart Innovations 2019

mailto:[email protected]

What we will cover• How much water is used in these sectors

• Breaking down city wide use - target conservation opportunities

• Where water is used – opportunities for targeted programs

• Seasonal use – the real numbers might surprise you

18

42

95

128

7 143

115

020406080

100120140160

Mining Public Sup. /Domestic

Power Agriculture

Bill

ions

of G

allo

ns p

er D

ay

Sector

Withdrawal vs. Consumption332 billion gallons a day in 2015

USGS and H.W.(Bill) Hoffman & Associates, LLC

Withdrawal Consumption

47%

9%

44%48%

10%

42%

48%

10%

42%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Single-Family Multi-Family ICI & Other Business

Perc

ent o

f City

Wat

er S

ales

Water End Use in Texas Cities of 3,300 Population or More Source: TWDB - Water Use of Texas Water Utilities

2013 2014 2015

79

90

85

74

69

88

76

62

73

82

159

170

159

175

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

Medium Utilities (237)

Medium-Large Utilities3 (31)

Large Utilities (30)

Medium Significant ICI1 Utilities (27)

Metropolitan Utilities

Medium-Large Significant ICI Utilities (5)

Large Significant ICI Utilities (5)

Gallons per Person per Day

Water Use of Texas UtilitiesTWDB 2015 - SB 181 Report

Residential GPCD ICI & Other GPCD

0.6%0.7%0.9%1.0%

1.4%1.4%1.5%1.6%1.8%

2.1%6.0%

6.6%7.4%

7.6%8.2%

9.0%11.0%

11.2%20.1%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% 22%

ReligiousIndustrial Warehouse

Other Educational BldgService Station-Repair Garage

Correctional FacilityAmusment-Recreation-Athletic

Other Group ShelterSancturay

Commercial WarehouseFood Stores

CollegesSchools

Service Est.Resturant/ Bar

HealthcareHotel

All OtherRetail

Offices

Millions of Gallons per Day (MGD)

Water Use by Commercial/Institutional Users

Red = Food Svc. Generally FoundHash mark = Food Svc Can Be Found

Commercial Water Use in Austin Texas

WRF report 4619 Map

• Sacramento California• Tacoma Washington• Southern Nevada Water Auth.• Athens Clark County Georgia• American Water New Jersey• Aurora Water Colorado• Colorado Springs Colorado

Aurora Water (AW)Sq mi: 1513

81,585 accounts (4% CII) 4

115 GPCD (21% CII) 5

Retail & Wholesale

Colorado Springs Utilities (CSU)Sq mi: 1956

140,000 accounts (10% CII)6

145 GPCD (29% CII)7

Retail & Wholesale

American Water (AmW)Sq mi: 1708


318 GPCD (23% CII)8

Retail

Athens-Clarke County (ACC)Sq mi: 1219


93 GPCD (45% CII)10

Retail

Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA)Sq mi: 86211


205 GPCD (32% CII)11

Wholesale

Tacoma Water (Tac)Sq mi: 1171


49 GPCD (46% CII)2

Retail & Wholesale

City of Sacramento (Sac)Sq mi: 9913


158 GPCD (30% CII)13

Retail & Wholesale

Water Use by Type of EstablishmentSource: WRF #4619

56%

60%

64%

72%

82%

73%

69%

62%

84%

82%

44%

40%

37%

28%

19%

27%

31%

38%

16%

18%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Warehouse

Religious Building

School/College

Auto/Auto Service

Lodging

Retail Outlet

Health Care Facility

Office Building

Eating/Drinking Place

Retirement/Nursing Home

Indoor Use vs Other UsesSource: WRF 3 4619

Indoor Use Other Use

Percent of Domestic (residential) Estimated to be for Outdoor Use

Source: H.W. (Bill) Hoffman & Associates LLC based on USGS Circular 1405 (Tables 1-14)

0-20 % outdoor20-30 % outdoor30-45% outdoor

Over 45 % outdoor

Commercial & Institutional Landscape use from ARID area

26.5%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

Motels

Medical Centers

Retail

Misc. Commercial

Restaurants/Bars

Warehouses

Hotels

Office

Government

Total Combined CI

Schools

Percent of Total Use for Irrigation

Percent of Use for Irrigation in Phoenix, Arizona

Monthly Water Use Patterns – WRF #4619

Washington Nevada

Monthly Water Use Patterns – WRF #4619

California New Jersey

5.5% 5.5%6.2%

7.6%

9.5%

11.9%12.1%

13.1%

10.1%

7.1%6.5%

5.0%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

13%

14%

Jan.

Feb.

Mar

ch

Apr

il

May

June Ju

ly

Aug

ust

Sept

.

Oct

.

Nov

.

Dec

.

Perc

ent o

f Tot

al A

nnua

l Use

Distribution of Monthly Water Use by 44 Office Buildings in Texas With Cooling Towers

6.8%7.4%

9.6%

8.2%8.6%

9.0%

10.2%

9.1%

7.4%

8.4% 8.2%

7.2%7.4%

7.9%

8.7%

7.7%

9.2% 9.2% 9.4%

8.6%

7.8%

9.0%

7.6% 7.4%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%Pe

rcen

t of A

nnua

l Use

Monthly Percent of Annual Use for 15 Hotels In New Mexico, Arizona, and West Texas 2011-2012

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Commercial Laundries

Grocery Stores

k - 12 Schools

Other Schools

Hospitals

Office Buildings

Retail (non-grocery)

Restaurants

Hotels

Percent of Use

Pacific Institute 2000 Study in CaliforniaWaste Not - Want Not Appendix E.

http://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/appendix_e3.pdf

Restrooms Kitchens Laundry LandscapeMiscalenous Cooling Boiler Process

Cooling Towers

You may recognize the Building outlined in Green

Red circles show cooling towersThe Whitehouse and downtown DC

EPA WaterSense End Use Chartshttps://www3.epa.gov/watersense/commercial/types.html#tabs-educational

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

ACC - GA Am. Water NJ Aurora CO SacramentoCA

ColoradoSprings CO

Tacoma WA

Perc

ent N

on-In

door

Use

Percent Non-Indoor UseSource: WRF #4619

Retail Office Buildings Lodging Eating Places

Impact of Geography on Cooling Water Use

6,18

1

5,08

5

4,67

9

4,08

8

4,02

6

3,63

2

3,63

2

3,60

8

3,09

0

3,00

4

2,62

3

2,59

8

2,19

2

2,01

9

1,97

0

1,94

5

1,74

8

1,47

8

1,14

5

973

825

325

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

6,000

6,500

Gal

lons

per

Yea

r per

Chi

ller T

onEstimated Annual Office Water User per Ton Hour of

Capacity at 4.0 Cycles of Concentrationhttp://help.looplinkpro.com/en/latest/examples/Equivalent_Full_Load_Cooling_and_Heating_Hours.pdf

21

How Water is Used in Texas Facilities With Cooling Towers

Special Study of Audits in Austin, Dallas, and Fort Worth

43%

35%

33%

40%

29%

40%

31%

30%

3%

10%

17%

34%

37%

57%

61%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Elementary Schools(N=6)

High Schools (N=14)

Hospitals (N=4)

Middle Schools (N=5)

Office Buildings (N=33)

Percent of Total UseN = Number of Facilities in Sample

Indoor Use Landscape Irrigation Cooling Towers

Swimming Pool1%

Guest Laundry1%

Kitchen & Ice Machines

3%

Unaccounted For6%Irrigation

16%House Laundry

23%

Domestic50%

Smaller Hotels in the Southwest Without Cooling Towers

Pools2%

Domestic49%

Kitchen/ice machines10%

Irrigation5%

Cooling towers20%

Laundry14%

Hotel Water Use Based on Audits of 20 Larger Hotels

With Cooling Towers

HOSPITAL USE CHARACTERISTICSNorthern Climate South & South West

Cooling Towers

43%

Toilets20%

Other Plumbing

8%

Food Service

8%

Medical Equip.

9%

Leaks & Other

8%Boilers4%

31%

38%

41%

58%

61%

62%

62%

66%

72%

79%

84%

90%

94%

95%

68%

58%

12%

14%

13%

10%

17%

25%

16%

12%

6%

3%

5%

1%

62%

2%

30%

24%

24%

28%

16%

3%

5%

4%

4%

3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Community CenterClinic

Community CollegeHotels

Elementary SchoolsHigh Schools

Office BuildingsMiddle Schools

Senior Care FacilitiesHospitals

Service StationsCourt House

Convention CenterReligeous Facilities

Percent of Indoor Use

How Water Is Used Indoors at Audited Facilities In TexasAudits in Austin, Dallas, and Fort Worth

Restroom Use Food Service Other (medical, water treatment, laundry, leaks, etc)

28%

52%

56%

59%

60%

62%

71%

22%

17%

11%

14%

20%

13%

12%

46%

10%

2%

6%

7%

8%

3%

2%

15%

29%

14%

11%

16%

13%

0% 10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Hotel

All

Office

Community Colleges

Hospital

High Schools

Elementary/ Middle Schools

Percent Savings in Restrooms

Percent Restroom Use by Type of UseBased pm 173 audits in Texas

Toilets Faucets/Lavatories Showers/Bath Urinals Other

Water Use By Type of Activity

Facility Type

Type of Use

Dom

estic

Laun

dry

&

Dry

Cle

anin

g

Coo

ling

Tow

ers

&

Boi

lers

Food

Se

rvic

eM

edic

al /

Lab

Equi

pmen

t

Land

scap

e Irr

igat

ion

Wat

er

Feat

ures

Wat

er

Trea

tmen

t

Was

hing

&O

utdo

or

Cle

anin

g

Alte

rnat

e So

urce

s

Office X ? X X ? ? ? ?Restaurants X ? ? X X ? ? X ?K-12 Schools X X ? X X X ? ? X ?Universities X ? ? X ? X ? ? X ?Other Educational Facilities X ? ? X ? X ? ? ? ?Lodging/Hotel X X ? X X ? ? X ?

Theaters / Entertainment / Museums, etc. X ? X X ? ? ? ?

Hospitals X ? X X X X X X X ?Clinics of all types X ? ? X X X ? X ?Retirement Homes / Nursing Homes X X ? X ? X ? ? X ?Dormitory / Residence Hall X X ? X X ? ? ? ?Multi-Family / Apartments X X ? X X ? ? ? ?Religious Establishments X ? X X ? ? ? ?Warehouses (unrefrigerated) X ? X ? ? ? ?Warehouses (refrigerated) X ? X ? ? ? ?Supermarket/Grocery X ? ? X X X ? X ?Convenience Stores X ? X X ? ? ? ?All Other Retail X ? ? X ? X ? ? ? ?Gymnasiums X ? X ? ? ? ?Meeting Places X ? ? X ? ? ? ?Commercial Laundries X X ? ? X X ? ?

Multi-Family Is Commercial?They are commercial facilities supplying domestic users

• The company owns and operates the property for profit.

• The company is responsible for plumbing repairs.

• Unless the utility meters each apartment, the company pays the water bill.

• On-property uses (irrigation, pools, common laundry, etc.) are all on the company bill.

Percent of US Population in Multi-Family Housing

Multi-Family Irrigation Use Low in These Cities

WRF 4554

Multi-Family Irrigation Use High in These Cities

WRF 4554

Toilet24.0%

Dishwasher1.1%

Bathtub2.6%

Other3.8%

Leaks12.4%

Clothes Washer16.5%

Faucets19.1%

Shower20.4%

Residential Indoor Water Use 2016AWWA 2016

75 7369

6055 53

34

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Future

Gal

lons

per

Per

son

per D

ay

Year

Estimated Change in Indoor Residential

Per Capita Use in USA a 55% DecreaseSources: AWWARF Studies

1

2

3

8

10

11

11

14

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Dishwasher

Bath

Other

Leaks

Clothes Washer

Shower

Faucet

Toilet

Gallons per Person per Day

In Home UseBlack, Gray, & Other GPCD

Based on 2016 Residential End Use Study

1.89

1.48

1.23

1.07

1.06

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

Denver

Phoenix

San Diego

New York

Tampa

Ration - High Month to Low Month

Multi-Family Ratio of High Month to Low Month and Percent of Water Above Winter Use

WRF 4554

Low to High Month Ratio

Phoenix 24%

Denver 22%

San Diego 10%

New York 2%

Tampa 0%

WRF 4554 Study of Multi-Family Dwellings

Industrial Water Use•Manufacturing

•Electric Power Production

•Mining

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0102030405060708090

100110120

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Bill

ions

of G

allo

ns p

er D

ay

Indu

stria

l Out

put I

ndex

Year

US Industrial Output Index vs Industrial Water UseIndex of Chained Dollars of Industrial Output (2009 = 100) VS Industrial Use in Billions of Gallons per Day

Sources: USGS and US Federal Reserve Economic Data

Industrial Output Industrial Water Use

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Food

Metals

Paper

Mining

Oil Refining

Electricity

Chemicals

Typical Industrial Water Use Breakdown in Texas

Cooling Boiler Process Other

Rectifier Cooling44%

Domestic5%

Boiler2%

Scrubber2%Evaporation

31%

Plating Use16%

Large Chrome Plating Operation

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Perc

ent o

f Ann

ual U

se

Month

Seasonal Distribution of Use for Industrial Water Use in Texas from 2010 Through 2015

Manufacturing

Power

Mining/Other

60%

23%

7%4% 6%

56%

21%

10%

0%

13%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

EquipmentCleaning

Water in Beer Packing Cooling Towers Other Uses

Per

cent

of

Use

Water Use Breakdown for Two Breweries

Larger Smaller

No WaterNo Beer!

Conclusion and Observations

• If you don’t measure it, you can’t know where you are going

• Knowing how water is used in the multi family and CII sectors can help direct the direction of the program

• Each utility is unique

Four Takeaways1. Each utility water use profile is different –

You need to gather YOUR data.

2. Know the type of CII users in you area and quantify multi-family use.

3. Target those areas of highest potential

4. Seek Professional help where needed

Questions?

The

End

this presentation premiered at watersmart innovations · retail & wholesale colorado springs...

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