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A B C D E F
English leader who broke from the Catholic Church,
and formed his own church, the Church of England. Wanted a divorce and
annulment from his wife because she didn't give birth
to a male heir. Church denied him his request.
A 100
Who is Henry VIII?
A 100
Only daughter of King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon (1st wife). Would take the thrown later in life
and return Catholicism to England. Her nickname came from the execution of many Protestants.
A 200
Who is Mary Tudor?(a.k.a. – Mary I or Bloody Mary)
A 200
Chancellor for King Henry VIII who was appointed as the archbishop of the new Protestant Church of England. Appointed to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine. Would later be tried and executed for
heresy under Mary I and her Catholic rule.A 300
Who is Thomas Cranmer?
A 300
Daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn who would ascend to the thrown in 1558 after the death of her Catholic
half-sister, Mary Tudor. Once she was queen, she would reestablish the Protest Church of England, and rule until her
death in 1603 (died at age 69). A 400
Who is Elizabeth I?
A 400
Term used when the Catholic Church recognizes a person as a saint. Example – in 1534, Henry VIII passed the Act of
Supremacy, making him “the only supreme head on Earth of the Church of England.” Many loyal Catholics like Thomas More refused to accept this act, and were executed. This is why his was recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church.
A 500
What is canonize?
A 500
Term for an agreement in which each side makes concessions; an acceptable middle ground. In this case, it was the agreement Queen Elizabeth I made
to keep Catholics and Protests satisfied in England.
B 100
What is compromise?
B 100
Name given to the group of Catholic leaders that met between 1545 and 1563 to respond to the Protestant challenges, and direct the future
of the Catholic Church.B 200
What is the Council of Trent?
B 200
Founder of a new religious order known as the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits, which was recognized in 1540 by the pope. Spanish knight who with a shattered leg decided to become
a "Solider of God." Also created a school that enforced discipline and obedience. B 300
Who is Ignatius of Loyola?
B 300
This woman was born into a wealthy Spanish family. She entered a convent in her youth, and
would later establish her own order of nuns that was dedicated to pray and meditation. She helped reform
the Spanish convents. Contributor to the Counter Reformation, and canonized by the Catholic Church.B 400
Who is Teresa of Avila?
B 400
Name for a separate section of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live.
Example – many Jews were starting to face more persecution throughout Europe, including Italy.
Spain would expel them (force them to leave), and in places like Italy, they were order to move to these
separated quarters/sections of the city.
B 500
What is a ghetto?
B 500
Polish scholar who published 'On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres' in 1543. He proposed a heliocentric universe, which meant the sun was at the center of universe instead of the earth, and that
the earth revolved around sun.C 100
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
C 100
Idea that the sun was the center of the universe; introduced by Copernicus.
C 200
What is heliocentric?
C 200
1500's Danish astronomer that provided evidence to support Copernicus's theory. Evidence came
through year's of observations of the night sky from his astronomical observatory.
C 300
Who is Tycho Brahe?
C 300
DAILY DOUBLE
B 300
DAILY DOUBLE
Place A Wager
DAILY DOUBLE
C 400
DAILY DOUBLE
Place A Wager
Brahe's assistant. German astronomer and mathematician who used Brahe's data to calculate
the orbits of the planets. Discovered that each planet does not move in a perfect circle.
C 400
Who is Johannes Kepler?
C 400
Italian who assembled an astronomical telescope and discovered that Jupiter's four moons orbited the planet. His views were condemned by the Church and he was brought
to trial in 1633 and charged with heresy. Spent last nine years of his life in house arrest.
C 500
Who is Galileo Galilei?
C 500
Englishman who rejected Aristotle's scientific assumptions and stressed experimentation and observation. Approach was
known as the Baconian Method, or scientific method. He wanted science to make life better for people by leading to
practical technologies.D 100
Who is Francis Bacon?
D 100
Frenchman who also rejected Aristotle's scientific assumptions and stressed human reasoning as the best road to understanding. Wrote the 'Discourse on Method' in 1637
explaining how he decided to discard all traditional authorities and search for provable knowledge. Known for
famous statement, " I think, therefore I am."D 200
Who is René Descartes?
D 200
Name for the careful, step-by-step process used to confirm
findings and to prove or disprove a hypothesis.
D 300
What is the scientific method?
D 300
Name for an unproved theory accepted for the purposes of
explaining certain facts or to provide a basis for further investigation.
D 400
What is a hypothesis?
D 400
English chemist who refined the alchemists' view of chemicals as basic building blocks in the 1600s. He distinguished between individual elements and chemical compounds and explained the effects of
temperature and pressure on gases.D 500
Who is Robert Boyle?(Boyle’s Law)
D 500
One of the most influential scientists of all time. Helped develop calculus, laid the foundations for classical
mechanics, and formulated the laws of motion. Was a student in England who by age 24, formed a brilliant theory known as universal gravitation to explain how gravity kept
the planets moving in their orbits.E 100
Who is Isaac Newton?
E 100
Name for the force that pulls objects in Earth's sphere to the center of the Earth.
E 200
What is gravity?
E 200
A branch of mathematics in which calculations are made using special symbolic notations; developed by
Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz.
E 300
What is calculus?
E 300
Name for an island chain in present-day Indonesia; chief
source of spices in the 1400s
E 400
What is the Mollucas?
E 400
Maps with lines radiating from compasses that showed routes to
important ports
E 500
What are portolan maps?
E 500
An ancient device, adapted for finding
latitude and telling time
F 100
What is an astrolabe?
F 100
Portuguese prince who sponsored technology and map making to
send Portuguese mariners around Africa and to Asia
F 200
Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?
F 200
Another name for a map maker
F 300
What is a cartographer?
F 300
Portuguese navigator who was the first to sail around Africa to Asia in 1497.
F 400
Who is Vasco de Gama?
F 400
Italian navigator who sailed west across the Atlantic and explored what became
known as the Americas
F 500
Who is Christopher Columbus?
F 500
The Final Jeopardy Category is:
Visiting the Boston Area
Please record your wager.
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A circle of cobblestones in front of the Old State House
commemorates this 1770 clash in which 5 were killed.
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What is the Boston Massacre?
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