third sector spain and catalonia

Nom de la presentació

Titular Subtítol

The third sector in Catalonia and Spain Joan Cuevas

Nom de la presentació The third sector in Catalonia and Spain

A brief history of the third sector

XIX Century: Increase in associations helping working-class. Especially in

Catalonia, where the Industrial Revolution is hitting deeply.

2nd Spanish Republic (1931-1939): Democratic Constitution. Introduces

Individual and political civil rights. Huge increase in the civil society

organisations, especially in educational, social, cultural and community areas.

Franco dictatorship (1939-1975): Democratic system abolished. No right of free

association. All the social/community activities have to be managed and

controlled by: the public administration, the Franco’s single party (Falange), the

official surrounding institutions (as official Union) or the Church.

During this period social welfare was provided above all by families, friends and

neighbours.



Transition and democratic regime (1976 – Currently):

1. Social services evolution

Policy makers wanted to design a social services public system without taking

the civil organisations into account, because they were seen as too amateur. The

policy makers wished to build a universal system.

As time went on:

- The control for social services switched from central government to regional

governments.

- The fiscal resources were not enough.

- Sometimes the public authorities sought to support the civil society

organisations to provide extra social welfare.

This meant that as times went on social services evolved in different ways

depending on the regional government. These policies directly affected the

evolution of the third sector.




2. Explosion of the association movement during the transition (1976-1982)

and the years afterwards

- Many hidden organisations during the dictatorship came to light.

- Neighbourhood associations (all around Spain)

- Esplais (leisure and non formal educational associations) (Catalonia)

- Cultural organisations as “Òmnium Cultural” (Catalonia)

- Creation of new organisations: Because citizens had the right to associate, but

also because as time went on, the public sector needed the help of third sector

organisations to provide social welfare.




3. Public policies to promote the civil society

Catalonia:

- Creation of National Institute of Volunteering (Incavol) by Catalan Government,

1991.

- Release of National Association and Volunteering Plan (2008-2011)

- Support Plan for the social third sector (2008-2010; 2011-)

- Support Plan for the environmental third sector (2011-2014)

Other regions:

- Volunteering Plan Galicia (2006-2010)

- Regional Volunteering Plan from Madrid (2006-2010)

- Basque Volunteering Plan (2005-)

- Andalucía Volunteering Plan (2003-)


Esplais & Caus movement

- Young peoples’ organisations which offer after-school and weekend activities.

- These organisations were born in Catalonia in the sixties. Initially they were

volunteer based.

- During the nineties these organisations started to professionalise. Currently 2

of these movements have built huge professional structures.

Currently:

- More than 800 centres (esplais and caus)

- More than 10,000 monitors and volunteers

- Workforce: 11,957 employees (74% half-time)

- These organisations are mainly non profit organisations, but there are also

some private enterprises in this sector.


Esplais & Caus movement

Source:

jaumebarri.com


Pere Tarrés Foundation currently

- Esplai movement: 154 Esplai centers, 12,040

children, 3,981 monitors

- Management of Social Work Faculty of Ramon Llull

University: 1,251 students.

- Social and educational training center: 14,642

students.

- Social program in formal education centers: 20,679

children.

- 39 research and consulting projects

- Management of 44 nurseries

- Management of 150 countryside leisure houses

- 1,690 employees


Structure of the third sector

The third sector is formed by non profit organisations. Strictly the following

organisations:

- Associations

- Foundations

- Social cooperatives

- ‘Back-to-work’ enterprises

In Spain and also in Catalonia the following institutions are not considered

as third sector:

- Mutuals

- Universities

- Social enterprises


Structure of the third sector Civil society structure in Catalonia

Social Third Sector

Environment al Third Sector

Volunteering Sector


Structure of the third sector Civil society structure in Catalonia

Social Third Sector: Organisations from the social area. All the organisations

structured in a big umbrella organisation: Taula d’Entitats del Tercer Sector

Social.

Environmental Third Sector: Organisations from the environmental area.

Recently organised in a big umbrella organisation:

Obrador del Tercer Sector Ambiental.

Volunteering Sector: Just associations and foundations with volunteers. (Only

these organisations can manage volunteers in Catalonia).

Structured in 5 areas: Culture, Community, Environmental,

International/cooperation, Social. Each area has a different umbrella

organisation/organisations.


Structure of the third sector Taula d’Entitats del Tercer Sector Social

o Established in 2003

o Formed by 31

umbrella member

organisations (UMO)

which contain a total

of 4,000 single

agency members

Source: Taula d’Entitats del Tercer Sector

Social



Influence social

policies Reinforce the sector

Recognition Improve social

welfare

Support

organisations

Mission


Social




Social

• Public budgets analysis

• Monitoring the legislative process of

the Catalan Parliament

• Active participation in the process of

drafting new laws

• Participation in public advisory

boards

• Drafting of government proposals in

electoral contests

• Communication campaigns

• Institutional events

• Biennial Congress planning

• Yearbook publication

• Working in Quality Charter issues

• Conducting studies in Third Sector

related areas

• Organising meetings and seminars

on specific topics

• Social clauses in public

procurement

• Improving fiscal framework

• Achieving greater social recognition

Social Policies Third Sector

What do they do?


Structure of the third sector Civil society structure in Spain

Social Third Sector Volunteering

Sector


Structure of the third sector Civil society structure in Spain

Social Third Sector: Organisations from the social area. All the organisations

structured in a big umbrella organisation:

Plataforma del Tercer Sector (recently created).

Volunteering Sector: Just associations and foundations with volunteers.

Different big organisations, one big umbrella organisation:

Plataforma del Voluntariado de España.


UK 2005 (million €) UK % GDP

Total 144,426 8.0

General Charities 41,087 2.3

Co-operatives 32,372 1.8 Social Enterprises 33,619 1.9

Economic value volunteering 28,638 1.6

Third Social Sector:

Catalonia 2008 (million €) Catalonia % GDP Total 550 2.8 Third Social Sector:

Spain 2008 (million €) Spain % GDP Total 15,519 1.7

Economic outlook

Sources: UK data (Laurence Hopkins, Mapping the third sector; 2005); Catalan data (Observatori del Tercer Sector,

Anuari d’entitats del tercer sector social; 2009); Spanish data (Fundación Luís Vives, Anuario del tercer sector

Español; 2010)


Percentage of volunteers

Survey recording percentage of people engaged in volunteer

activities in the last month

Catalonia (2009): 12.8%

Spain -Active participation- (2006): 18% (not the same indicator)

UK (2009): 25%

Sources: Cat (Idescat, Enquesta Usos del temps 2010), Spain (Eurostat, Social eurobarometre

2006), UK (Citizenship Survey: 2009-10)


Third Sector Workforce

Big similarities between workforces. Similar proportion of full time

workers and similar proportion of women.

Sources: Cat (Observatori del tercer sector, L’Ocupació al tercer sector social, 2009), Spain

(Fundación Luís Vives, Anuario del tercer sector Español; 2010), UK (Citizenship Survey: 2009-10)

Employees Full time % Women %

Catalonia 2009 100,000 62% 73% Spain 2009 529,029 57% 74% UK 2006 634,000 63% 71%


Evolution Third Sector

- Huge increase in the sector since the end of Franco’s dictatorship.

- In the nineties the public authorities started to implement public

policies promoting the third sector.

- In the last decade the public authorities have continued to promote the

third sector, but they have also started to deliver public services

through the third sector organisations.

- Between 2002 and 2006 the public services delivered by third sector

organisations in Catalonia more than doubled (129%).


Main public policies to support the third sector

Collaboration between public authorities and third sector:

Third sector promotion and development

• Spanish level: donation of 0.7% of income tax amount to third sector organisations

• Catalan level:

• National Association and Volunteering Plan

• Third Sector Support Plan

Delivering public services through third sector

• Social and community services are a regional matter

• In Catalonia: increased by 129% between 2002 and 2006


Third Sector Support Plan

Plan funded by the Catalan government (Generalitat)

Target: Third Sector Organisations

Main objectives:

- Improving funding access

- Professionalisation and quality improvement

- Improving the relationship between private sector and third sector

- Simplifying the processes between the third sector organisations and

public administration


National Association and Volunteering Plan Plan funded by the Catalan government (Generalitat)

Target: Volunteers / Volunteer organisations / Society

16 strategic lines (2011):

Strategic lines

Collaboration and networking Volunteering training

Community values: solidarity, suistainability, social coexistence. Volunteering promotion

Political influence of volunteer organisation New relation framework between public authorities, volunteer organisations and enterprises Relation between volunteers and workforce

Organisational structures, boards, quality and evaluation Volunteer management: Catch, incorporation, loyalty.

Funding Variety of volunteering opportunities Participatory democracy

Participation in the organisations Workforce management Equity, social justice, new social needs. Accountability and transparency


Main challenges

• Monitoring, evaluation, impact assessment

• Increase social relevance

• Accountability and transparency

• Increase loyalty of high skilled workforce

• Improve financial capacity

• Independence from public authorities

• What will be the impact of austerity policies?


Bibliography Pelegrí, X. Vilà, A. (2011) Sorgiment i evolució dels serveis socials a Catalunya. Els serveis socials a

Catalunya, 1a ed. 125-144.

Vilà, A. (2011) Sorgiment dels serveis socials a l’estat espanyol. Els serveis socials a Catalunya, 1a ed.

111-122.

Observatori del Tercer Sector (2009) Anuari 2009 del Tercer Sector Social de Catalunya. Barcelona:

Taula d’Entitats del Tercer Sector Social.

Generalitat de Catalunya (2008) Pla de Suport al Tercer Sector Social. Barcelona.

Generalitat de Catalunya (2010) Pla Nacional de l’Associacionisme i el Voluntariat. Barcelona.

Cabra de Luna, M. J., de Lorenzo García, R. (2005) El Tercer Sector en España: Ámbito, tamaño y

perspectivas, Revista española del Tercer Sector 1: 95-134.

Fundación Luis Vives (2010) Anuario del Tercer Sector de Acción Social de España. Madrid.

Observatori del Tercer Sector (2009) L’ocupació al Tercer Sector Social de Catalunya. Barcelona.

Laurence Hopckins (2010) Mapping the Third Sector: A context for social leadership. London.

Nom de la presentació

Consultoria i Estudis

934 101 602 Ext. 3508

Carolines, 10 08012 Barcelona

Twitter: @consult_estudis

[email protected]

www.peretarres.org/consultoria-estudis

mailto:[email protected]



third sector spain and catalonia

News & Politics

sector organisations

presentacinomthird sector

public sector

sector transition

presentacititular sector

sector civil society

civil organisations

civil society catalonia