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THIRD EXAMINATION, WINTER 2006 1. To what phylum does the organism pictured at the right belong? (1) Name one significant feature of this organism that is unique to all members of the phylum. (1) 2. Annie went on a picnic and brought tuna fish sandwiches. When she got to the park, she

noticed that the bread had mold on it, so she left it for the ants to eat. Instead she decided just to eat celery. Create a flow chart for the 4 multicellular organisms identified in bold print. (Your flow chart must use biologically significant features and cannot use taxonomic names.) (4)

multicellular organisms 3. The Missouri bladderpod (Lesquerella filiformis) is an endangered plant species

that occurs in southwestern Missouri and northern Arkansas. Its yellow flowers and green fruit appear in early summer. To which phylum does the Missouri bladderpod belong? (1)

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4. Jack is observing tiny objects under the microscope. He notices a single-celled organism

with chloroplasts.

Is this organism prokaryotic, or is it eukaryotic? (1)

Is this organism most likely heterotrophic, or is it autotrophic? (1) 5. Match each of the following bacterial descriptions with the appropriate term from the list

at the right. (Use a term only once; some terms will not be used at all.) (3) ____ chains of sphere-shaped cells A) bacillus B) diplococcus ____ rod-shaped cell C) spirillum D) staphylobacillus ____ clusters of rod-shaped cells E) staphylococcus F) streptococcus 6. Consider the following life table for the copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix). Age class l b 0-2 yrs 0.826 0.0 2-4 0.412 0.0 4-6 0.176 2.9 6-8 0.128 3.1 8-10 0.089 2.5

What is the net reproductive rate for this population? (You must show your work to receive any credit for this item.) (3) What does “b” represent in this life table? (1)

7. Which one of the following statements is FALSE? (1) A) Populations grow exponentially when introduced to new habitats. B) Type II survivorship is age dependent. C) A growing population has an R-value greater than one. D) Declining populations have more post-reproductives than reproductives.

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8. Wolf spiders are animals with jointed appendages and an exoskeleton. They lay

hundreds of eggs at one time. When the eggs hatch, the spiderlings prey on grubs, beetles, and crickets, all of which eat grasses and weeds. Few spiderlings are able to find enough food to survive to adulthood. What type of survivorship curve do wolf spiders exhibit? (1)

What is the trophic level of the wolf spiderlings? (1) Name the phylum to which wolf spiders belong. (1) 9. What is the net reproductive rate of the population whose age structure is shown in the figure at the right? (1) A) R>1 B) R<1 C) R=1 D) can’t tell; need more information 10. Researchers at Mizzou are studying the survival of juvenile fish (fry) in streams. Two

species show no parental care and one species broods or cares for young in its mouth. The survivorship curves for the three species are presented in the following figure.

Which species is the mouth-brooder (A, B, or C)? (1)

What type of survivorship curve does species C exhibit? (1)

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The survival curve for humans in Missouri is most similar to which fish species (A, B, or C)? (1)

11. Which one of the following best defines “carrying capacity”? (1) A) maximum rate of increase of a population in a given environment B) number of individuals that an environment can support C) number of individuals in a population under exponential growth D) maximum rate of increase of a population under logistic growth 12. The following graph shows population growth for lily pads in a pond.

What type of growth are the lily pads experiencing from zero to point A on the graph? (1)

13. Which one of the following statements is true? (1) A) The pyramid of biomass is based on energy transfer which is always 100%

efficient. B) The Competitive Exclusion Principle only applies to animals. C) No two species can share the same habitat. D) Biotic factors are the living components of a species’ niche. 14. Which of the levels (A, B, C, or D) in the following pyramid of biomass represents

secondary consumers? (1)

A

B

C

D

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15. Consider the following figure showing the population size of two species (A and B) over

time.

Which of the species in this graph represents a primary consumer? (1) Which of these species represents the trophic level with the greater biomass? (1)

16. Consider the following graph of population size in two amoeba populations living in the

same environment.

Which one of the following statements is supported by the data in this graph? (1) A) These amoebas are living in a homogeneous environment. B) Amoeba proteus is a predator that preys on Pelomyxa palustris. C) These amoebas are living in a non-homogeneous environment. D) Pelomyxa palustris is a producer and Amoeba proteus is a primary

consumer.

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Name the kingdom to which these organisms belong. (1) 17. The following table shows the distribution of two species of earthworm in two different

environments. In which environment are the earthworms attempting to share the same niche? (1)

Population size Population size Type of earthworm in woodland in grassland

L. terrestris 100 per 5 ft2 107 per 5 ft2

L. rubellus 110 per 5 ft2 14 per 5 ft2

18. The following figure depicts a food web in the Missouri prairie 200 years ago.

Name an organism in this food web that is both a primary consumer and a

secondary consumer. (1) Which of the following organisms represents the trophic level with the greatest amount of biomass in this ecosystem? (1) A) meadow vole B) wolf C) prairie king snake D) red-tailed hawk

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19. Crocodiles that live in rivers near the African savanna experience yearly droughts.

During this time, the river dries up to form shallow pools where the crocodiles fight for the limited space and for the prey that come to drink from the pools. Name one biotic component and one abiotic component of the crocodile’s niche as described here. (2)

Biotic: Abiotic: 20. Which one of the following situations DOES NOT violate the assumptions of the Hardy-

Weinberg Law? (1) A) a population of cheetahs consists of only 25 reproducing individuals B) female cheetahs prefer to mate with the largest males, only

C) cheetahs tend to have limited dispersal and thus remain in the same area for their entire life

D) a female cheetah gave birth to a kitten that did not have black spots on its body (the normal coat color for cheetahs is yellow with black spots)

21. Biddy is studying a population of western diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox)

where the frequency of the recessive allele for light skin color is 0.6. After Biddy’s study, some of the snakes were harvested in a “rattlesnake roundup”. Most of the snakes killed for this event carried recessive alleles, which changed the frequency for the recessive allele in the remaining population to 0.3. What specific term describes the change in the gene pool of this population? (1)

22. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F). If the

statement is false, correct it so that it is true. (You may not correct a statement by simply inserting the word, “not”.) (6) T F Gene flow describes changes in gene frequency due to small population

size and sampling error. T F The Hardy-Weinberg Law describes conditions in which gene frequencies

do not change over time. T F Mushrooms use hyphae to ingest nutrients.

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23. In howler monkeys, black fur is dominant to brown fur. In a population of howler

monkeys, 64% of all individuals have black fur. If all of the assumptions of the Hardy- Weinberg Law are met, what is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in this population? (You must show your work to receive any credit for this item.) (2)

24. Here in Missouri, up to four different species of salamander can coexist in a forest habitat

and utilize the same ponds for breeding. Marbled salamanders (Ambystoma opacum) and Ringed salamanders (A. annulatum) both breed in the fall while Small-mouthed salamanders (A. texanum) and Spotted salamanders (A. maculatum) breed in the spring. What is the best explanation as to how these species coexist? (1) A) All of the salamander species are equal so no competition occurs. B) There are enough resources available for all the salamander species to

coexist. C) Each salamander species has a niche that is different from the others. D) Salamanders are secondary consumers so there is no limit to the number of

species that can coexist. 25. In a population of hummingbirds that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, there are 150

long-beaked birds and 50 short-beaked birds. If long beak is dominant to short beak, what is the frequency of the recessive allele in this population? (You must show your work to receive any credit for this item.) (2)