Thinking SkillThinking Skill: Demonstrate an understanding of concepts

Content GoalsContent Goals: An understanding of Oil, OPEC, and Oil producing countries.

OIL

Understanding the Resources of the Understanding the Resources of the Middle EastMiddle East

Energy: “useable power”Energy: “useable power”

Fossil Fuel:Fossil Fuel: Created by pockets of decaying animals and plants.

Non-renewable resourceNon-renewable resource

Once it is used, it cannot be replaced

Crude OilCrude Oil

A naturally occurring substance found trapped in certain rocks

within the earth’s surface.

PRODUCTS MADE FROM CRUDE OIL

Gasoline Gasoline Fuel oilFuel oil AsphaltAsphalt Perfumes & insecticides. Perfumes & insecticides. Plastics, rubber and detergentsPlastics, rubber and detergents..

World Energy Usage What are some alternatives to Oil? World Resource Usage

Oil: 39%Oil: 39% Coal:27%Coal:27% Gas 21%Gas 21% Water 7%Water 7% Nuclear 6%Nuclear 6%

SolarSolar WindWind EthanolEthanol

Why are these products not used as much?Why are these products not used as much?

United States Oil Production and Consumption

1 barrel of oil = 42 gallons of oil1 barrel of oil = 42 gallons of oil US consumesUS consumes 19.6 million barrels per day (25% of world’s

total) US consumesUS consumes 6.6 billion barrels per year

(last 3 1/2 years without importing oil) US produces 5.8 million barrels per day (2000) Four largest oil producing states areFour largest oil producing states are: TX, Alaska, CA and LA

(Louisiana) US producesUS produces 12% of the world’s oil (2000) US importsUS imports 57% of the oil it consumes Main oil suppliersMain oil suppliers to the US: Canada, Saudi Arabia,

Venezuela and Mexico

Questions What 3 factors might contribute to a change

in the world’s energy system? Availability of fossil fuels Pollution of environment Social and political changes

What risk is there in depending on one region for oil? Issues like war, terrorism, uneven distribution,

trade control, weather

Energy Production and Consumption

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15

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NorthAmerica

Russia MiddleEast

ProductionConsumption

Europe Africa Japan

OPEC and the Control of OilOPEC and the Control of Oil OPEC:

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Cartel: a group able to control production and set prices for its products

OPEC continued

OPEC does not control the oil market. OPEC Member Countries produce about 41% of the world's crude oil and 15% of its natural gas.

However, OPEC's oil exports represent about 55% of the oil traded internationally. Therefore, OPEC can have a strong influence on the oil market, especially if it decides to reduce or increase its level of production.

OPEC seeks stability in the oil market and to deliver steady supplies of oil to consumers at fair and reasonable prices.

How? voluntarily producing more or less oil

What are the main oil producing What are the main oil producing countries?countries?

What have oil-rich nations spent their money on?

What have oil rich nations not spent their money on?

Facts on Saudi Arabia and Egypt A. Egypt is an AgriculturalAgricultural based country.

96% of is desert cotton, grains, and sugarcane. Unemployment is high (20%) Egypt’s GDP per capita is $3,041.

B. Saudi Arabia has one main resource….OIL.OIL. 25% of all the oil in the world. $ increased from 2.7 billion in 1971 to $110

billion in 1981. It continues to relies on the West for technology.

However, it has built modern cities, roads, ports.

Oil Conclusions

Predict: What will the future hold? (10 years, 50 years)

How can we stop our dependence on oil?

Oil Conclusions Define Crude Oil Recap major uses of oil Role of OPEC

WaterWaterA Vanishing Middle Eastern A Vanishing Middle Eastern

ResourceResource

• Read the short article about water Read the short article about water issues along the Tigris and Euphrates.issues along the Tigris and Euphrates.

1.1. What are some problems facing this What are some problems facing this area?area?

2.2. What are some solutions?What are some solutions?

3.3. Who has rights to water?Who has rights to water?

“The difficult problem is to determine what is the greatest good, and whether the several goods are compatible or whether one will destroy others.”Wallace Wallace Stenger, The Stenger, The Myth of the Myth of the Western Dam, Western Dam, 1965.1965.

What does each image What does each image represent in regards to represent in regards to the World’s Water Supply?the World’s Water Supply?

Water Facts #1Water Facts #1

• Oceans cover Oceans cover 71%71% of the Earth’s surface of the Earth’s surface• Oceans contain Oceans contain 96.596.5 percent of the Earth’s water. percent of the Earth’s water.• Almost 70% of the world’s fresh water is Almost 70% of the world’s fresh water is frozenfrozen in in

glaciers, permanent snow cover, ice and glaciers, permanent snow cover, ice and permafrostpermafrost

• 30%30% of all fresh water is underground, most of it of all fresh water is underground, most of it is very deep in the earth in hard to reach areasis very deep in the earth in hard to reach areas

• The lakes and rivers of the world contain The lakes and rivers of the world contain about about .25%.25% of all fresh water of all fresh water. .

• At least 70% of the fresh water in the world is At least 70% of the fresh water in the world is used for used for agricultureagriculture..

American Water UsageAmerican Water Usage• Average American Uses: Average American Uses: 100 Gallons100 Gallons

a daya day• 2/3rds of people in the world use only 2/3rds of people in the world use only

13 gallons13 gallons a day a day

How much water does it How much water does it take?take?

– Wash Hands: 1/4th gallonWash Hands: 1/4th gallon– Flush Toilet: 5 gal.Flush Toilet: 5 gal.– Shower: 30 gal.Shower: 30 gal.– Bath: 40 gal.Bath: 40 gal.– Brush Teeth: 1 gal.Brush Teeth: 1 gal.– Laundry: 30 gal. a loadLaundry: 30 gal. a load– Water a Lawn: 240 gallons in 30 Water a Lawn: 240 gallons in 30

minutesminutes– What do you use on average each What do you use on average each

day?day?

Water Facts #2Water Facts #2

• Of the 6 billion people in the world, Of the 6 billion people in the world, 2 2 billionbillion face water shortages today. face water shortages today.

• By 2025 that figure will increase to 5.5 By 2025 that figure will increase to 5.5 billion. billion.

• 1.2 billion1.2 billion people drink people drink unclean waterunclean water. . • 2.5 billion2.5 billion people lack people lack sanitationsanitation. . • More than More than 5 million5 million people die each year people die each year

from water-related diseases such as from water-related diseases such as cholera and dysentery. cholera and dysentery.

Is there hope?Is there hope?

DRIP IRRIGATION

DESALINATION DESALINATION

Did you know?Did you know?

•Food ProductionFood Production::

•60 gallons to make an egg60 gallons to make an egg

•Steak takes 1,000 gallonsSteak takes 1,000 gallons

•Glass of Milk takes 50 gallonsGlass of Milk takes 50 gallons

•115 gallons to make 1 loaf of 115 gallons to make 1 loaf of breadbread

•100,000 gallons to make 1 100,000 gallons to make 1 carcar

•1 pound of rubber=300 1 pound of rubber=300 gallonsgallons

World: Average Precipitation MapWorld: Average Precipitation Map

Vegetation MapVegetation Map