thinking & problem solving
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Thinking &Problem Solving
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Types of problemsWell-defined problems
Ill-defined problems
Studying Problem Solving
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Studying Problem Solving
MethodsLogic puzzles
Introspection
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Generate-and-test technique
Classic Problems and Solutions
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Classic Problems and SolutionsMeans-ends analysis
Current State Goal
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Working backwards
Classic Problems and Solutions
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Backtracking
Classic Problems and Solutions
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Classic Problems and Solutions
Backtracking
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Solving by analogy
Classic Problems and Solutions
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nine-dot problem six-matches problems
Blocks to Problem Solving Mental set
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Figure 10-6 (p. 370)Answers to the nine-dot and the six-matches problems.
Blocks to Problem Solving Mental set
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String problem.
Blocks to Problem Solving Mental set
Functional
fixedness
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The mutilated checkerboard problem.
Blocks to Problem Solving Incomplete or incorrect representation
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A tic-tac-toe board representation of the numbers game.
Blocks to Problem Solving Incomplete or incorrect representation
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Problem SolvingTechniques for solving problems
Lack of problem-specific expertise
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Problem SolvingTechniques for solving problems
Lack of problem-specific expertiseExperts vs. novices
Have more knowledge in that areaDeeper level representationCheck for errors more often
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Figure 10-10 A generic problem space.
The Problem Space Hypothesis
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The Problem Space Hypothesis
Path
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Figure 10-12 (p. 377)A part of the problem space for the Towers of Hanoi problem, showing the solution.
The Problem Space Hypothesis
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Expert Systems
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CreativityUnconscious processing/ incubation
Everyday cognitions
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Critical Thinking