the$solar$system$and$its$planets$ - national …solar$system$ the$sun$(astar)$ the$planets$...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Solar System and its Planets
![Page 2: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The milky way (seen from Bryce Canyon, UT)
![Page 3: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Solar System
? “A system is a set of interac+ng or
interdependent components forming an integrated whole” (Wikipedia)
![Page 4: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Solar System
The sun (a star) The planets Asteroids Kuiper Belt Objects Comets Dust (zodiacal light)
InteracKons: Gravity causes planets to orbit around the sun Heat created via fusion in the sun heats the planets Occasionally, objects in the solar system can collide
![Page 5: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Zodiacal light = Dust in the plane of the solar system
![Page 6: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
A top view of the solar system’s orbits
![Page 8: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A side view of the Solar System’s orbits
• Most planets orbit in the same plane • Which objects are not orbiting in the same plane?
![Page 9: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The solar system components, to scale
![Page 10: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
In the last few weeks we learned about stars. What are some characterisKcs of stars?
![Page 11: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
In the last few weeks we learned about stars. What are some characterisKcs of stars? What is a planet?
![Page 12: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Make 2 lists: planets and not planets
![Page 13: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What is your definiKon of a planet?
![Page 14: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Why did the number of planets change in 2006? Scaled view of solar system sizes (distances NOT to scale)
![Page 15: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Why did the number of planets change in 2006? Scaled view of solar system sizes (distances NOT to scale)
Both Ceres and Pluto are preZy darn small
![Page 16: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Scaled view of Pluto and Ceres (drawings, not photos!)
![Page 17: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ceres is part of the asteroid belt
![Page 18: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Pluto is part of the Kuiper belt Ceres is part of the asteroid belt *First Kuiper belt object discovered in 1992*
![Page 19: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Kuiper belt object Eris discovered in 2005
Bigger than Pluto! Is Eris also a planet?
![Page 20: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
IAU* definiKon of a planet is in orbit around the Sun has sufficient mass for its self-‐gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostaKc equilibrium (nearly round) shape has cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit
*InternaKonal Astronomical Union
![Page 21: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Which part of the IAU planet definiKon does Pluto not saKsfy? (A) is in orbit around the Sun (B) has sufficient mass for its self-‐gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostaKc equilibrium (nearly round) shape (C) has cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit
![Page 22: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
IAU definiKon of a dwarf planet: (A) is in orbit around the Sun
(B) has sufficient mass for its self-‐gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostaKc equilibrium (nearly round) shape (C) has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit (D) is not a satellite (moon)
![Page 23: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Which part of the IAU definiKon of a dwarf planet does asteroid Vesta not saKsfy? (A) is in orbit around the Sun (B) has sufficient mass for its self-‐gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostaKc equilibrium (nearly round) shape (C) has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit (D) is not a satellite (moon)
Vesta
![Page 24: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The solar system has two types of planets: terrestrial (or “rocky”) planets and gas giant planets
![Page 25: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What are the characterisKcs of terrestrial and gas giant planets? Terrestrial planets Gas giant (Jovian) planets
-‐Are made of solids like rocks, metal -‐Have solid surfaces -‐A spaceship could land on it
-‐Are made primarily of gas, mostly hydrogen -‐Do not have solid surfaces -‐A space ship can not land on it (but it can crash through its atmosphere)
![Page 26: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What are the characterisKcs of terrestrial and gas giant planets? Terrestrial planets Gas giant (Jovian) planets
-‐Are made of solids like rocks, metal -‐Have solid surfaces -‐A spaceship could land on it -‐Are relaKvely small -‐Are closer to the sun -‐Are relaKvely warmer -‐Do not have rings
-‐Are made primarily of gas, mostly hydrogen -‐Do not have solid surfaces -‐A space ship can not land on it (but it can crash through its atmosphere) -‐Are relaKvely large -‐Are farther from the sun -‐Are relaKvely cooler -‐Have rings
![Page 27: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Lecture Tutorial: Terrestrial and Jovian planets vs. Pluto Lecture Tutorial: Sun size
![Page 31: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The naming of Eris Eris (Ancient Greek: Ἔρις, "Strife") is the Greek goddess of chaos, strife and discord. Her name is translated into LaKn as Discordia, which means "discord." Eris' Greek opposite is Harmonia, whose LaKn counterpart is Concordia. Homer equated her with the war-‐goddess Enyo, whose Roman counterpart is Bellona. The dwarf planet Eris is named aoer the goddess, as is the religion Discordianism. (from Wikipedia entry about the Goddess) IAU regulaKons require a name from creaKon mythology for objects with orbital stability beyond Neptune's orbit. (from Wikipedia entry about the dwarf planet)
![Page 32: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Some planets are closer to the sun* than others…
*the solar system’s “heater”
![Page 33: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Effective Temperature : An estimate of the surface temperature of a planet, based
only on its distance from the sun
![Page 34: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Order the planets from highest to lowest by effective temperature
![Page 35: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
hoZest coldest
![Page 36: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Effective temperature and actual temperature of terrestrial planets
Planet Eff. Temp. Actual Surf Temps
Mercury 350° F -333-746° F
Venus 134° F 800-900° F
Earth 44° F 26-80° F
Mars -45° F -190- -10° F
![Page 38: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Night on Mercury -‐ animaKon
![Page 39: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Although Mercury is close to the sun, the long night means some parts are very hot, and other parts are cold!
Which side of the planet is the sun on in this photo?
![Page 40: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Although Mercury is close to the sun, the long night means some parts are very hot, and other parts are cold!
Not to scale!
Hot as coals Colder than AntarKca
![Page 41: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Mercury
Closest planet to sun Cratered surface Almost no atmosphere
![Page 42: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Effective temperature and actual temperature of terrestrial planets
Planet Eff. Temp. Actual Surf Temps
Mercury 350° F -333-746° F
Venus 134° F 800-900° F
Earth 44° F 26-80° F
Mars -45° F -190- -10° F
![Page 44: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Venus – Earth’s evil twin sister
Second closest planet to sun Earth’s sister planet – almost same mass and size Thick atmosphere causes extreme greenhouse effect
Venus from Pioneer orbiter
![Page 45: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Earth
Third planet from sun
![Page 47: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Earth
Third planet from sun Has water!!!
![Page 48: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Effective temperature and actual temperature of terrestrial planets
Planet Eff. Temp. Actual Surf Temps
Mercury 350° F -333-746° F
Venus 134° F 800-900° F
Earth 44° F 26-80° F
Mars -45° F -190- -10° F
![Page 49: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
(A) (B)
(C)
(D)
Water phase diagram
![Page 50: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The surface of the Earth has 1 atmosphere of pressure and its average surface temperature is 14 degrees Celsius. Which point on the phase diagram of water may represent Earth’s average?
(A) (B)
(C)
(D)
![Page 51: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Which point on the phase diagram of water could represent the surface of a planet with the same atmosphere as Earth, but much farther from the sun?
(A) (B)
(C)
(D)
![Page 52: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Which point on the phase diagram of water could represent the surface of a planet with the same atmosphere as Earth, but much closer to the sun?
(A) (B)
(C)
(D)
![Page 53: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Earth is the “Goldilocks” planets! Not too cold, not too hot, for LIQUID WATER. The Earth is in the “Habitable zone”.
![Page 54: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Mars – Earth’s liZle brother
![Page 56: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Effective temperature and actual temperature of terrestrial planets
Planet Eff. Temp. Actual Surf Temps
Mercury 350° F -333-746° F
Venus 134° F 800-900° F
Earth 44° F 26-80° F
Mars -45° F -190- -10° F
![Page 57: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Mars – Earth’s liZle brother
Two moons Smaller than Earth Most Earth-‐like climate, but thin atmosphere
![Page 58: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Is there water on Mars? Mars’s south pole
![Page 59: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Evidence for current and past liquid water on Mars
Could Mars have supported life? Could Mars s<ll support life?
![Page 60: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Gas giant planets
What are the characterisKcs of the gas giant planets?
![Page 61: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Surface temperatures of gas giant planets
Planet “Surface” (cloud top) Temperature
Jupiter -243° F
Saturn -301° F
Uranus -353° F
Neptune -373° F
![Page 62: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Where are the surfaces of gas giant planets located on this phase diagram?
![Page 64: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Where are the surfaces of gas giant planets located on this phase diagram?
![Page 65: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Where are the surfaces of the moons of the gas giant planets located on this plot?
![Page 66: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
What happens as you move to the interior of the planets or moons?
![Page 67: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
What happens as you move to the interior of the planets or moons?
?
![Page 68: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Gas giant planets
What are the characterisKcs of the gas giant planets?
![Page 69: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Jupiter
The largest planet in the solar system. A gas giant – made mostly of Hydrogen and Helium. You can’t stand on it!
![Page 70: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
The great red spot (the size of the Earth)
Jupiter’s moons
![Page 71: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Saturn
The second largest planet in the solar system. A gas giant – made mostly of Hydrogen and Helium. Largest ring system.
![Page 73: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
The Cassini spacecrao looks back at the Earth
![Page 74: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Actually, all of the giant planets have rings
Jupiter Uranus
Neptune
![Page 75: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Saturn’s largest moon Titan View of surface from Huygens probe
atmosphere
surface
![Page 76: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
![Page 77: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Uranus
Gas giant Flipped on its side
![Page 78: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
![Page 79: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Neptune
Gas giant Farthest planet from sun Also has giant storms
![Page 80: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Voyager 2 looks back at the solar system
![Page 81: The$Solar$System$and$its$Planets$ - National …Solar$System$ The$sun$(astar)$ The$planets$ Asteroids$ Kuiper$BeltObjects$ Comets$ Dust(zodiacal$light)$ $ $ $ InteracKons:$Gravity$causes$planets$to$orbitaround$the$sun$](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051722/5aa3397a7f8b9a07758e13ac/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Given the scale model we did on Monday (the play-‐doh lab), which of the following would best represent the distance between the Earth and the sun?
(A) The length of this classroom (B) The length of a dinner table (C) The length of a football field (D) The distance from Sells to Tucson