thesis presentation design and construction of a whole body counter for non-human biota
TRANSCRIPT
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Jill Belcot Radiation Science and Health PhysicsJarrett Johns Nuclear Engineering
Ethan Werger Nuclear Engineering
Thesis Advisor Dr. Anthony Waker
Construction of a Whole
Body Counter for Non-
Human Biota
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Introduction The construction of a whole body counter
to measure radioactivity in non-human biota
Two units built for the examination of beta radiation and gamma radiation
Aluminum and lead used for shielding of the unit
Internal and external dose rates were calculated
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Objective
Build two units to detect gamma radiation and beta radiation
Determine appropriate shielding configurations
Calculate internal and external gamma and beta dose rates to the frog from Cs-137
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Evolution of Testing Equipment
Gen 1 Gen 2
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Evolution of Testing Equipment
Gen 4 Gen 4
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Evolution of Testing Equipment
Gen 5
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Evolution of Testing Equipment
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Evolution of Testing Equipment
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Evolution of Testing Equipment
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Evolution of Testing Equipment
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Equipment Creation Issues Securing over 400 lbs. of pre WW2
fallout lead Creation of mold Welding lead casting mold Heating mold up to 328Β°C Staying on track for both the schedule
and budget
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Results
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Gamma Interactions
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001
10
100
1000
10000 Background With Sheilding
Series1
Channel Number
Coun
ts
π΅πππππππ’ππ=πππ‘πππππ’ππ‘π πππ‘πππ‘πππ =
285647174345=1.628(πππ’ππ‘π Sec )
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Gamma Interactions
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001
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100000
Cs Source With Sheilding
Series1
Channel Number
Coun
ts
πΆππ’ππ‘ π ππ‘π=πππ‘πππππ’ππ‘π πππ‘πππ‘πππ =
1756554300 =5855.18(πππ’ππ‘π Sec )
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NaI Detector
πππππππππ¦=(5855.18( πππ’ππ‘π sec )β1.628(πππ’ππ‘π sec ))
30 461(πππ πππ‘πππππ‘ππππ ππ )=19.21%
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Gamma β No Shield
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001
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100000
1000000Background Without Sheilding
Series1
Channel Number
Coun
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Gamma With Lead Shield
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001
10
100
1000
10000Background With Sheilding
Series1
Channel Number
Coun
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Gamma
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001
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1000000 Comparison of Shielding
No shield-ing
Shielded
Channel Number
Coun
ts
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Beta Interactions
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001
10
100
1000 Background Without Sheilding
No shield-ing
Shielding
Channel Number
Coun
ts
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Beta- Cap Efficiency
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001
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10000 Cs 137 With and Without Cap
With capWithout Cap
Channel Number
Coun
ts
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Beta- Cap Efficiency
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Effects of Radiation Assume the frog absorbs Cesium like a
human, cesium is distributed everywhere in the body
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Effects of Radiation β Internal
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Effects of Ξ² Radiation - Internal Intake of Beta in the frog is equal to one
The frog will absorb all of the Betas
For Cesium-137:
= 0.18669 MeV
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Effects of Radiation - Internal 93% probability that gamma energy will be emitted
for Cs-137
Mean energy per emission is 0.662 MeV
7% of the energy emitted from the gamma particle will stay in the frog.
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Effects of Total Internal Radiation β Ξ² and
The committed absorbed dose can then be calculated:
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External Beta Skin Dose VARSKIN is a computer code for skin
contamination dosimetry
Layers of the Skin
Thickness (Β΅m)
Mucus 75Epidermis 110
Dermis 300
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External Beta Skin Dose β VARSKIN
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External Beta Skin Dose Hand Calculation
πΈπππ πππππ=( π‘ππ‘ππ hπ‘ ππππππ π π π½
π₯ πΈπ½)=0.599πππ
π·=π΄π₯1.846 π₯10β13πΊπ¦=2.458π₯ 10β13 πΊπ¦hπ
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Conclusion on Dose Rates The frog accumulates the Cesium 137, the frog
receives a higher internal dose than external dose
There is a lack of data on effects of radiation on many organisms, including amphibians.
Many factors affect the amount of radiation that a frog can be exposed to
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Conclusion Testing apparatus met our design
requirements and provided accurate results
Based on our detector response, it was determined we can detect a wide range of radiation from background to lethal
Dose calculations proved the frog will be receiving both an internal and external dose from the 1Β΅Ci source.
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Special Thanks Thesis Adviser: Dr. Waker Construction of apparatus:
-Tuthill Metal Works-Shurer Custom Machining-Vic Powell Welding & Crane-Bill Battle-Bill Moyer-Rick Werger-Brent Thornhill-John Hart Sr. -Dave Green