These slides were created by Dr. Gordon Vessels, but some draw

from those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson in 1998.

http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

Sleep and DreamsSleep and Dreams

“Sometimes,

a cigaris just acigar.”

Freud, on themeaning of

dreams

“Sometimes,

a cigaris just acigar.”

Freud, on themeaning of

dreamsThese slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at

http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

Rhythm of Sleep

(the biological clock)

Circadian Rhythm

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

Rhythm of Sleep

(the biological clock)

Circadian Rhythm

Body TempSleep/Wakefulness

Mood

Body TempSleep/Wakefulness

Mood

All are linked toa ± 25 hour day

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

Five Stages of Sleep (~ 90 min)

2 min - hallucinations

20 min - sleeptalkingmay begin at Stage 2

{30 min- sleepwalking

10+ min - Dreams!

Sleep Cycles Characteristics Awake & Relaxed . . . . . Alpha waves Stage 1 Sleep . . . . . . . . . Dream-like (~ 2 min) Stage 2 Sleep . . . . . . . . . Sleep Spindles (~ 20 min)

(sleep talking)

Stages 3 & 4 . . . . . . . . . . Delta waves (~ 30 min) (sleep walking, hard to awaken)

REM Sleep . . . . . . . . . . . Like Stage 1 (~ 10-45 min)

(paradoxical sleep) (deep muscle paralysis)

5 Stages of Sleep

Everyone Dreams!These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at

http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

Effects ofSleep

Deprivation

Impaired CreativityImpaired

ConcentrationIrritability

Slowed Performance

So WHY?

MAYBE:MAYBE:Keep Us From

HarmConsolidate Memories

Conserve EnergyAid Growth

Process

Why Do We Sleep?

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

Most dreams are of Most dreams are of ordinary things.ordinary things.BUTBUTLucid DreamsLucid Dreams are so vivid are so vivid they they SEEMSEEM REAL.REAL.

The Stuff of Which Dreams Are Made

The Stuff of Which Dreams Are Made

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at

http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at

http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

The Stuff of Which Dreams Are Made

Does Dreaming RemoveDoes Dreaming RemoveUs From Reality?Us From Reality?Not Entirely.Not Entirely.

We retain some awarenessWe retain some awarenessof our external world.of our external world.

Does Dreaming RemoveDoes Dreaming RemoveUs From Reality?Us From Reality?Not Entirely.Not Entirely.

We retain some awarenessWe retain some awarenessof our external world.of our external world.

BUT...BUT...we don’t remember infowe don’t remember info5 minutes prior to sleep.5 minutes prior to sleep.

BUT...BUT...we don’t remember infowe don’t remember info5 minutes prior to sleep.5 minutes prior to sleep.

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at

http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

But WHY Do We Dream?But WHY Do We Dream?• Latent Content may actually be Unconscious Drives & Wishes• Dreams may help sort & fix our days’ experiences in memory • Dreams result from random neural activity originating in brainstem

• Latent Content may actually be Unconscious Drives & Wishes• Dreams may help sort & fix our days’ experiences in memory • Dreams result from random neural activity originating in brainstem

What if we couldn’t dream?What if we couldn’t dream?

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available

at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

Why Do We Daydream?Why Do We Daydream?

Temporary escape from reality;Temporary escape from reality;

Help prepare us for future events; Help prepare us for future events;

Substitute for impulsive behavior.Substitute for impulsive behavior.

Temporary escape from reality;Temporary escape from reality;

Help prepare us for future events; Help prepare us for future events;

Substitute for impulsive behavior.Substitute for impulsive behavior.

What is it?A state of apparently heightened suggestibility

What is it?A state of apparently heightened suggestibility

Post-Hypnotic Amnesia

Temporary memory loss

(Maybe)

Post-Hypnotic Amnesia

Temporary memory loss

(Maybe)

You are getting sleepy…

You are getting sleepy…

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

Hypnosis As TherapyHypnosis As Therapy

Post-Hypnotic Suggestions - Useful?Suggestions to be carried out after hypnosis

Post-Hypnotic Suggestions - Useful?Suggestions to be carried out after hypnosis

Stop Smoking & Nail Biting?NO more successful than positive thinking.

Stop or Alleviate Pain?YES Just ask your Dentist!

Dissociation or Selective Attention

Dissociation or Selective Attention

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

Drugs and ConsciousnessDrugs and ConsciousnessWhat types of drugs influence

consciousness?and

How do they work?

Psychoactive Drugs

Chemicals that change

perceptions & moods

Affect Brain Chemistry

&User

Expectations

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

Dependence and AddictionToleranceTolerance Continued use of a

drugrequires larger doses to equal the same effectWithdrawalWithdrawal

In the absence of the drug, user

may feel physical pain & cravings

PhysicalPsychologicalDependenceDependence

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

Psychoactive Drugs

DepressantsDepressants

Calm neural activitySlow body functions

StimulantsStimulantsExcite neural activityArouse body functions

HallucinogensHallucinogens

Distort exisiting perceptionsEvoke perception

w/o sensation

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

Stimulants

Increase heart rateand breathing rate

Pupils Dilate

Appetite Diminshes

Tirednes

s

Headach

es

Irritabilit

y

Depressi

on

CaffeineCaffeineNicotineNicotine

AmphetaminesAmphetaminesCocaineCocaine

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

DepressantsAlcohol - Barbituates - Alcohol - Barbituates -

OpiatesOpiatesAlcohol - Barbituates - Alcohol - Barbituates -

OpiatesOpiatesDecreases Sympathetic

Nervous System Activity

Decreases Sympathetic

Nervous System Activity

Focuses Attention onImmediate Situation

Focuses Attention onImmediate Situation

Impairs Judgmentand Inhibitions

Impairs Judgmentand Inhibitions

Disrupts Processing ofInfo into Memory

(not short-term recallor existing LTM)

Disrupts Processing ofInfo into Memory

(not short-term recallor existing LTM)

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/

HallucinogensHallucinogensLSDPCP

Marijuana

Common PerceptualDistortions

& Hallucinations

Psychadelic Drugs Loss of Psychadelic Drugs Loss of Oxygen to Brain Extreme Sensory Oxygen to Brain Extreme Sensory DeprivationDeprivation

Psychadelic Drugs Loss of Psychadelic Drugs Loss of Oxygen to Brain Extreme Sensory Oxygen to Brain Extreme Sensory DeprivationDeprivation

Simple Geometric Forms Meaningful Images / Tunnel

Feeling of Separation from Body

PsychadelicPsychadelicss

These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/