Thermal Power Plant

What?How?Why?Problems?

Contain

• What is it?• How it works?• Why this ?• Problems with Thermal Power Plant

What?• Thermal Power Plant is generate electricity by

converting thermal energy(chemical energy of coal ) into electric energy. It use coal as fuel.

• Generally it works on modify Rankine cycle.

• Chemical energy of coal is converted into heat by burning

How ?

• This heat is used to convert water in to steam • This high pressure steam drive the turbine

and turbine drive generator

Main and Auxiliary e q u i p m e n t s

1. Coal handling plant2. Pulverizing plant3. Draft fans4. Boiler5. Ash handling plant6. Turbine7. Condenser8. Cooling towers and ponds9. Feed water heater10. Economiser11. Superheater and Reheater12. Air preheater

Layout of Thermal Power Station

Boiler

• Where fuel is burnt and produce heat .

• This heat is used to convert water into steam

• Types water tube fire tube

Superheater : • Superheater is a component of a steam-

generating unit in which steam, after it has left the boiler drum, is heated above its saturation temperature

Economizer

• An economizer extracts a part of this heat from flue gases and uses it for heating feed water

Air Preheater

• After flue gases leave economiser, some further heat can be extracted from them and used to heat incoming heat

• three types Plate type Tubular type Regenerative type

Ash Handling Plant• The percentage of ash in coal varies from

5% in good quality coal to about 40% in poor quality coal

• Power plants generally use poor quality of coal , thus amount of ash produced by it is pretty large

• A modern 2000MW plant produces about 5000 tons of ash daily

• The stations use some conveyor arrangement to dispose the ash .

Ash Handling Plant

Turbine

• heat energy of steam into mechanical energy and drives the generator

• Convert pressure energy to kinetics energy

• types :- Impulse turbine Reaction turbine

Turbine

Generator

• electrical device• Convert mechanical energy into electrical

energy• Works on electromagnetic induction

• It connected to the turbine

Condenser

• Steam after rotating steam turbine comes to

• convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state

• are heat exchangers • Tyes air cooling water cooling force cooling nature cooling

Condenser

Cooling tower

• Most plants use a closed cooling system where warm water coming from condenser is cooled and reused

• Height 150 m • diameter at the base is 150 m• hyperbolic structure • Made of steel or concrete

Cooling towers

Advantages of Thermal Power Plant

• No problem of waste disposal • Thermal Power Plant can be located near the load

centre if water source available near the site • They can quickly against change of load without

difficultly• A portion of steam generated can be used as a

process steam in different industries.• The steam turbines can work under 25% of

overload continuously • Less space is require compared to hydro electric

Power Plants

Disadvantages of Thermal Power Plant

• Thermal Power Plant requires large quantity of water for boiler and condenser

• It has a very high operating cost compare to hydro and nuclear Power Plants.

• In thermal Power Plant there is great difficulty experienced in coal handling

• Less efficient as compare to the nuclear Power Plants

Power generated in 2010in MW

Caol Gas Hydro Nuclear Renewable (energy)total

INDIA

82095.88 17055 36885 4120 15427 156784

GUJARAT

6678.89 3894 772 559.32 1643.9 13566

MAHRASTRA

10703 3716 3332 690 2428 20868

Thanks you

All the best