NAME ___________________________ CLASS_______ Teacher _______________

Year 10 SCIENCE NOVEMBER 2 HOURS 2011

INSTRUCTIONS:

Write your name, class and teacher on the front page of the paper.

All questions are to be answered in the spaces provided on the paper.

If you need more space there are extra pages at the back. Make sure you clearly indicate the question number. e.g. Section D Family Trees Q3. a)

Aim to spend about 20 - 25 minutes on each section. There are 5

sections and you can do them in any order.

There is an Information Page with a Periodic

Table, some chemical reactions and formula on

page 2.

SECTIONS:

A. PLANTS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY

B. SCIENCE IN SPORT

C. SCIENCE IN THE SUPERMARKET D. FAMILY TREES

E. ELECTRICITY

When you have finished go back over all your answers.

Make sure you have attempted all questions. Even the “Excellence” questions have an “Achieved” level answer

There are no marks taken off for wrong answers. Marks are only awarded for correct answers.

If you are unsure of an answer then at

least have a go.

Year 10 Science Information Page

MOTION FORMULAE

F = m x a Weight = m x g g = 10 N kg-1

Distance change in speed

Speed = time acceleration = time

Ek = ½ mv2 Work = Force x distance Ep = m x g x h

PERIODIC TABLE- The first 20 Elements

1

H

1

4

He

2

7

Li

3

9

Be

4

11

B

5

12

C

6

14

N

7

16

O

8

19

F

9

20

Ne

10

23

Na

11

24

Mg

12

27

Al

13

29

Si

14

31

P

15

32

S

16

35

Cl

17

39

Ar

19

39

K

19

40

Ca

20

1. An ACID plus a BASE reacts to produce a METAL SALT plus WATER. Acid + Base Salt + Water

2. An ACID plus a METAL reacts to produce a METAL SALT plus HYDROGEN. Acid + Metal Metal Salt + Hydrogen

3. An ACID plus a METAL CARBONATE reacts to produce a METAL SALT plus CARBON DIOXIDE plus WATER. Acid + Metal Carbonate Metal Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water

When they react they produce:

Sulfuric Acid produces sulfates. Hydrochloric Acid produces chlorides. Nitric acid produces nitrates.

Bases:

Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide

Metals:

Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium Zinc Iron Copper

Section A PLANTS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY Objective: To show understanding of the parts of plants and their functions Question 1 Here is a diagram of a typical seed. a) Label the parts of the seed. B is done for you.

A ________________

B cotyledon

C ________________

D ________________

b) What role do the cotyledons play in seed germination?

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c) Is sunlight needed for germination? Explain your answer

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d) Once it has successfully germinated the plant continues to develop its three main parts, - the leaves, the roots and the stem. Describe the function of the roots and stem

Roots ______________________________________________

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Stem ______________________________________________

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B

A

D

e) The leaf is the part of the plant that carries out photosynthesis. Describe in your own words the process of photosynthesis and explain why it is important to the plant.

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f) Complete the word equation for photosynthesis. Light energy

______________ + ______________ ______________ + ______________

Objective: To show understanding of the process of plant reproduction Question 2 There are two types of pollination, insect and wind.

a) Give two features that you are more likely to observe about the flowers of plants that are insect pollinated.

Feature 1 ____________________________________________

Feature 2 ____________________________________________

b) Explain why these features occur

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c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages, to the plant, of each type of pollination

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d) Draw and label a diagram showing how pollination causes a fertilised seed to be formed. Use the terms below (Not all the terms are needed)

Pollen Anther Stigma Style

Plants can reproduce using either sexual or asexual reproduction. Pollination is involved in the sexual reproduction process.

e) Give two methods of how plants can reproduce without sex (asexually).

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f) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of asexual reproduction.

Advantage____________________________________________

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Disadvantage__________________________________________

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Objective: To show understanding of the digestive system Question 3 a) Explain, giving a one or two sentence summary, what the purpose of digestion is.

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There are two types of digestion, physical and chemical. b) Where does physical digestion take place and why is it important?

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After food leaves the stomach it passes through the intestines. After the small intestine comes the large intestine. c) What is the role of the large intestine and explain why it is important that it is working properly. (i.e. what are the problems you would have if it didn’t work properly?)

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Objective: To show understanding of the circulatory system Question 4 There are 3 types of blood vessels: Arteries, Veins and capillaries.

a) which of these three types takes blood to the heart? _________________

b) When you are measuring your pulse, what type of blood vessel are you pressing your fingers against and what are you actually measuring?

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c) Your arteries and veins are like a miniature one way system for blood. Explain what stops the blood from going the wrong way. (You may wish to draw a diagram)

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d) Discuss how the circulatory system (heart, lungs and blood vessels) work together to keep the body alive.

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Section B SCIENCE IN SPORT

Objective: To show an understanding of motion-time graphs and motion calculations Question 1

The distance-time graph below represents the movement of a walker.

a) How far has the person walked in 12 seconds? _____________________________

b) Calculate the speed of the walker over the first 6 seconds.

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c) Describe the motion of the walker between 6 and 11 seconds.

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d) State when the walker is moving the quickest.

Between _________ seconds and _________ seconds.

e) Explain how you knew the answer to d)

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Time (s)

Distance (m)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

Question 2 Dave has a go-cart that is designed for riding on sand. While he is on holiday he takes his little son for a ride along the beach as shown below.

The total mass of the go-cart, including Dave and his son is 200 kg.

a) Calculate the weight of the go cart as it is being driven along the beach. Give the correct unit.

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___________________________weight = ___________ Unit____

b) Starting from rest, the go cart accelerates uniformly to 20 m s-1 in a time of 5 seconds. Calculate its acceleration. Give the correct unit.

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_________________________acceleration = _________ Unit_____

c) Calculate the kinetic energy of the go cart and its occupants while it is travelling at 20 m s-1. Give the correct unit for your answer.

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___________________________Kinetic energy = ________Unit___

d) On the diagram below, draw and label arrows to show the directions of the following four forces. Use the relative lengths of the arrows to indicate the size of the forces that are causing the go cart to accelerate. (i.e. longer arrows = bigger forces)

weight, support, thrust and friction

e) Discuss what happens to the relative size of these forces when the car has reached a steady speed.

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f) Calculate the acceleration of the go-cart when the net (unbalanced) force acting on it is 1000 N.

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___________________________acceleration = ______________

g) Dave finds that the maximum speed of the go-cart is higher when it is travelling on hard sand than when it is travelling on soft sand. Discuss this observation. In your answer you should talk about:

The forces acting on the cart The effect these forces have on the cart’s motion The difference to the cart between travelling on soft and hard sand

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Objective: To demonstrate an understanding of friction Question 3

a) What type of energy is produced when friction acts? _________________

b) Surfaces that feel smooth look rough under a microscope. The drawings show what you might see.

(i) Why will there be friction between the moving surfaces shown in the first drawing?

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(ii) Explain how the oil in the second diagram will reduce friction.

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Objective: To demonstrate an understanding of energy Question 4

You may need to use the formula sheet on page 2 to answer some of these questions

A 2 kg medicine ball is rolled down a ramp.

a) What type of, and how much, energy does the ball have at the top of the ramp?

Type of Energy ______________________________

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___________________________amount of energy = ____________

b) Explain why the ball picks up speed as it rolls down the ramp

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3.0 m

mass = 2 kg

c) The ball travels along the flat until it stops rolling. Explain what has happened to the energy that the ball had at the top of the ramp.

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In all sports you have to do work.

(d) Force is measured in Newtons, distance is measured in metres, what are the units of work?

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(e) A woman pushes a wheelbarrow with a force of 60 N, over a distance of 30 m. Calculate the work done by the woman. Show the formula you used and your working.

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(f) Find the work done when the man puts the box on the shelf.

(g) Find the amount of work done against friction as the skier moves down the slope at a steady speed.

40

P

Section C SCIENCE IN THE SUPERMARKET Objective: To describe the parts of atoms and their relation to ion formation

Question 1 The following box is taken from the Periodic Table given on the second page of this booklet.

a) Give the number of each sub-atomic particles in Phosphorus and for each one give its charge.

Sub-Atomic particle

Number of particles in Phosphorus

Charge on the particle

Protons

Neutrons

Electrons

b) State which of these particles has a relatively small mass. ________________

c) Complete the diagram to show how the electrons would be arranged around the nucleus of this atom.

d) What is the electron arrangement of Silicon? _______________

e) What is the electron arrangement of Chlorine? _______________

f) What is the electron arrangement of the Magnesium ion (Mg2+)? _______________ g) Complete the following chart about the elements in Magnesium chloride - MgCl2

Element Symbol Element Name Number of atoms of each element in the formula

Total number of atoms in the molecule of the compound

h) Complete the following chart about aluminium carbonate - Al2(CO3)3

Element Symbol Element Name Number of atoms of each element in the formula

Total number of atoms in the molecule of the compound

i) What is the name of Na2SO4 ? _____________________

j) Use the list of ions given in the box to write the formula of the following ionic compounds.

(i) Iron chloride ___________

(ii) Copper carbonate ___________

(iii) Iron nitrate ___________

(iv) Aluminium oxide ___________

k) A fluorine atom has 9 protons, 10 neutrons and 9 electrons. A fluoride ion has 9 protons, 10 neutrons and 10 electrons. Discuss how and why an atom changes into an ion and how this change leads to an ability to form compounds. In your answer you should talk about:

The electron arrangements of fluorine and fluoride

What happens to an atom when it changes into an ion (and why)

Why ions form compounds which have no charge

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Zn2+ zinc O2- oxide

Na+ sodium OH- hydroxide

Fe2+ iron Cl- chloride

Cu2+ copper NO3- nitrate

Mg2+ magnesium SO42- sulfate

Al3+ aluminium CO32- carbonate

Objective: To demonstrate abilities in writing formulae and equations To demonstrate understanding of acids, their properties and reactions

Question 2 a) Organise the following substances into acids and bases. Write your answers in the table below.

Saliva (6.5) Baking Soda (pH 11) Blood (pH 7.4)

Sodium hydroxide Coca-Cola (pH 4) Lemon juice (pH 3.5)

ACID BASE

Use the table below to answer the questions that follow.

Substance tested With blue litmus, paper became: With Universal indicator it went:

A BLUE GREEN

B RED YELLOW

C BLUE BLUE

b) Which substance is an acid? ___________

c) Which substance is a base? ___________

d) i. Which substance is neither an acid nor a base? ___________

ii. What would be the pH of this substance? ___________

iii. What word is used to describe substances with this pH? ___________

A substance found in a bathroom cupboard was tested with red litmus paper. It stayed red. e) What does this tell you about the substance? Explain your answer.

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David puts some Iron metal into a test tube and adds hydrochloric acid. A chemical reaction occurs at once. Answer these questions about it:

f) Write down the formula for hydrochloric acid. ______________

g) How could David know that a chemical reaction had happened?

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Use the information given on the second page of this booklet to complete word equations for each of the following reactions by naming the products produced.

h) Zinc + sulfuric + acid +

(i) Copper + hydrochloric hydroxide acid +

(j) Magnesium + nitric + + + + + carbonate acid

(k) Write a balanced formula equation for reaction (j) (Use the table of ions given two pages back)

Question 3 Glucose (a type of sugar) and starch are both examples of one of the types of nutrients we get from food. a) For either sugar or starch describe how you would test for it and what you would expect to

see if the test was positive

Sample being tested for: _______________

Method_____________________________________________

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Result (if positive) ________________________________________

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Section D FAMILY TREES Objective: To demonstrate an understanding of basic terms and definitions Question 1

Complete the following table:

Word Definition/ Meaning

Cell division for growth and repair

Heterozygous

Piece of DNA that codes for one characteristic

Allele

A gene that will only be expressed if homozygous

Phenotype

Objective: To demonstrate an understanding of different types of variation Question 2 Which of the following characteristics are examples of continuous variation, which are examples of either/or variation and which are not inherited at all? Complete the table.

Left / Right handed height toe length Mid-digital hair Tattoos Green hair

continuous variation either/or variation not inherited at all

Objective: To show an understanding of the methods of inheritance and genetics Question 3

RABBITS GALORE (a) Tane has bought two purebred White rabbits, a male called Houdini and a female called Big

Ears. Very soon there are many more rabbits. The diagram below shows what happens as the result of a successful mating. A rabbit has 44 chromosomes in its body cells.

The diagram below shows what happens as the result of a successful mating. A rabbit has 44 chromosomes in its body cells.

(i) The number of chromosomes in this egg cell is ________

(ii) The number of chromosomes in the zygote is ________

(iii) The type of cell division forming the embryo from the zygote is called

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(iv) What does the term purebred mean as it is used on the previous page?

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(b) Houdini escapes and runs into the hills. There he mates with a black wild rabbit. Coat colour is determined by alleles B and b. Houdini's white coat b is recessive to black coat B.

(i) What are the 2 possible genotypes for the black wild rabbit?

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Four offspring are produced as shown below.

(ii) In the two boxes in the diagram below, write the genotypes of the two offspring shown beside them.

Offspring

(iii) What must be the genotype of the black wild rabbit? _________

(iv) Complete a Punnett Square diagram for the cross between the Black wild rabbit and Houdini.

(v) What is the expected phenotype ratio from the cross between the Black wild rabbit and Houdini.

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Black wild

rabbit Houdini

x

(vi) A hunter traps some of the white offspring of Houdini. If he breeds them with true New Zealand Whites will their wild ancestry ever show in the coat phenotype of the offspring? Explain your answer.

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c) Read the following article then answer the questions below. In selective breeding, breeders only keep plants with the best characteristics for the trait they want. Soon they only have plants with "good" genes. These plants can no longer be improved by selection unless a mutation (chromosome change) of the right kind occurs which gives offspring that are better than the parents. When using selection with self-pollinating plants it takes only a few years to find the best combinations of good genes. If the "good" genes are recessive, they can often be quickly identified.

(i) What is the relationship between genes and chromosomes?

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Scientists working to improve human nutrition used selective breeding to increase the yield of normal rice. Another group of scientists added a new gene to normal rice so that it was able to produce vitamin A. Normal rice cannot produce vitamin A.

(ii) Discuss why selective breeding cannot be used to make rice produce vitamin A.

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Objective: To show understanding of mitosis and meiosis Question 4

Dolly the sheep was the first animal to be cloned. Name the type of cell division involved here.

a) Name of cell division: __________________

b) Explain the possible advantages of using this method of producing new sheep.

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c) What are some of the disadvantages of this type of reproduction?

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c) Discuss the differences between the two types of cell division – Mitosis and Meiosis. In your answer you should consider:

The reason for each type of cell division The effect on chromosome number after the process The number of daughter cells

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_________________________________________________ Section E ELECTRICITY Objective: To describe the nature of static electricity Question 1 The picture below shows 2 balloons which have been charged up by being rubbed against a person’s hair. They are each attached to a piece of string and the balloon on the left is attracted to, and has stuck itself to, the wall. This picture provides evidence of how charges behave towards each other.

a) Explain why the balloons are pushed apart from each other (You may wish to draw a diagram)

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b) Explain why the balloon on the left is attracted to the wall (You may wish to draw a diagram)

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Objective: To describe the parts and functions of electrical components Question 2

a) The table below shows symbols for circuit components. Complete the table below by writing the correct name next to each symbol

Name

The following descriptions are describing various electrical components. b) Give the matching name for each description.

Description Name A device which stops the circuit operating by breaking the circuit

A device which resists electric current flowing around a circuit

A device which counts the number of electrons of current flowing past a point per second

A device which turns chemical energy into electrical energy

A device which converts electrical energy into light energy

A device which measures the energy supplied or used by a part in the circuit

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