ther 1 - 110414
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Eng’r Armando C. EmataNovember 4, 2014
THERMODYNAMICS 1
INTRODUCTION
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THE TIP MISSION
The Techno"ogica" Institute o% thePhi"i&&ines is coitted
To bring the b"essings o% higher educationwithin the reach o% !i"i&inos
To aintain the highest standard o% instructionand to constant"$ rede'ne the eaning o%acadeic "i%e( and
To trans%or students into graduates with %u""co&etence in their 'e"ds o% stud$ and whoa"so &ossesses)
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THE TIP MISSION cont’d
Filipino Values
The !i"i&ino va"ues o% honest$ and integrit$( service toothers( the i&ortance o% %ai"$( %ruga"it$( resi"ience in the%ace o% adversit$ ( and the wi""ingness to surount
di*cu"ties in order to succeed and e+ce",
Indust!"desied Values
The industr$-desired va"ues o% &ositive wor. attitude( goodcounication s.i""s( &ro'cienc$ in co&uters and in theso%tware that &ertain to their 'e"ds o% stud$( and the
o&enness to .ee& on "earning to reinvent these"ves, #lo$al Citi%en Values
The g"oba" va"ues o% res&ect %or cu"tura" diversit$( care %orthe environent and the desire to contribute to thegenera" we"%are o% societ$,
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THE TIP VISION
In the $ear /01/( the schoo"2s 30th anniversar$( TIPenvisions itse"% as the "eading schoo" in the 'e"ds o% 4ngineering and
In%oration and Counication Techno"og$ 5ICT6 and ina"" other acadeic o7erings8
as a C94D Centre o% 4+ce""ence or Centre o%Deve"o&ent in at "east three 4ngineering &rogras8
as a schoo" stee&ed in research and counit$ service8
as a schoo" that is anaged e*cient"$ withco&uteri#ed o&erations ca&ab"e o% having %ast accessto accurate in%oration in order to res&ond to an ever-changing environent to ensure 'nancia" viabi"it$8 and
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THE TIP VISION cont’d
:s a schoo" with) Leve" III :ccredited ;tatus %or
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TIP #RAD&ATE ATTRIB&TESTIP #aduate
Atti$utesInstitutional Intended
'eanin( Out)o*es +II'O,
Pro%essiona"
Co&etence
De*onstate understanding andaster$ o% the %undaenta".now"edge and s.i""s re?uired %ore7ective &ro%essiona" &ractice in the'e"d o% s&ecia"i#ation,
Critica" Thin.ing andProb"e ;o"ving ;.i""s
E-e)ise critica" and creative thin.ingin &roviding so"utions to disci&"ine-re"ated &rob"es,
Counication ;.i""sAppl! e7ective counication s.i""s(both ora""$ and in writing( using the4ng"ish "anguage,
Li%e-"ong Learning&tili%e "i%e"ong "earning s.i""s in&ursuit o% &ersona" deve"o&ent and
e+ce""ence in &ro%essiona" &ractice,
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TIP #RAD&ATE ATTRIB&TES cont’d
TIP #aduateAtti$utes
Institutional Intended'eanin( Out)o*es +II'O,
;ocia" and 4thica"Res&onsibi"it$
Hold &ersona" va"ues and be"ie%s asethica" &ro%essiona" consistent with!i"i&ino %ai"$ va"ues( industr$-desiredva"ues and g"oba" citi#en va"ues,
Productivit$
Conti$ute to nation-bui"ding andnationa" deve"o&ent through
a&&"ication o% new techno"og$,
Inter&ersona" ;.i""s.o/ e7ective"$ in u"ti-disci&"inar$and u"ticu"tura" teas,
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CO&RSE OBJECTIVESProvide .now"edge and understanding o%
conce&t o% therod$naics using &ro&ertieso% substance and Idea" @as Laws,
4nhance students2 ana"$tica" and critica"thin.ing in the ana"$sis o% thera" s$steusing therod$naic "aws and &rinci&"es
4+&and .now"edge o% students on energ$conversion %ro one %or to another
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CO&RSE O&TCOMESA$ the end o% the course( the students wi"" be
ab"e to)
1, De'ne the i&ortance o% the stud$ o%
Therod$naics as %oundation subject inMechanica" 4ngineering
/, Discuss basic &rinci&"es( conce&ts and de'nition o% Therod$naics
B, :&&"$ the &rinci&"es and %oru"as o% the Laws o% Therod$naics and Idea" @ases in so"ving word&rob"es
, :na"$#e the ;econd Law o% Therod$naics( basic&rinci&"es o% @as and Va&our C$c"es
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CO&RSE O&TCOMES cont’d 3, @enera"i#e therod$naic c$c"e &rocesses b$
using the Laws o% Therod$naics
, Discriinate the di7erent c$c"e &rocesses o%
Idea" @ases and Va&our
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ST&DENT O&TCOMES
ADDRESSED BY THE CO&RSE;tudents wi"" be ab"e to)
1, a&&"$ .now"edge o% atheatics( science( andengineering to so"ve co&"e+ engineering &rob"es
5student outcoe a6,/, identi%$( %oru"ate and so"ve co&"e+ engineering
&rob"es 5student outcoe b6,
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TE0TBOO AND OTHER
S&PP'EMENTA' MATERIA'ST2e*od!na*i)s3 An En(ineein(
Appoa)24 5t2 Edition
by: Cengel Yunus A. (2011)T2e*od!na*i)s
by: Virgil Moring Faires & Cliford Max Siang
T2e*od!na*i)s 1
by: !i"oli#o $. S#a. Maria'e)tue Boo/ in T2e*od!na*i)s 14 )6
7889
by: Fran%is%o '.
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.HAT IS THERMODYNAMICS: Therod$naics is that branch o% &h$sica"
sciences that treats o% various &henoena o%energ$ and the re"ated &ro&erties o% atter(
es&ecia""$ o% the "aws o% trans%oration o% heatinto other %ors o% energ$ and vice versa,
xa"les o #*ese e+eryday #ransora#ions:
1, Process o% converting heat into wor.
/, Converting e"ectricit$ into heat
B, Converting wor. into .inetic energ$
, 4tc,
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.HAT IS THERMODYNAMICS: Therod$naics is that branch o% &h$sica"
sciences that treats o% various &henoena o%energ$ and the re"ated &ro&erties o% atter(
es&ecia""$ o% the "aws o% trans%oration o% heatinto other %ors o% energ$ and vice versa,
xa"les o #*ese e+eryday #ransora#ions:
1, Process o% converting heat into wor.
/, Converting e"ectricit$ into heat
B, Converting wor. into .inetic energ$
, 4tc,
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.ORIN# S&BSTANCE9eat engines &roducing &ower invo"ve a
,or-ing subs#an%e, : ,or-ing subs#an%e is
a Euid in which energ$ can be stored and%ro which energ$ can be reoved,
: uid is a "i?uid( gas( or va&our F atterthat o7ers "itt"e resistance to de%oration,
4+a&"es o% wor.ing substances)o ;tea in stea turbine
o :ir in air co&ressor
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.ORIN# S&BSTANCEo :ir-and-%ue" i+ture in an interna" cobustion
engine
o Gater in a h$drau"ic turbine
o 4"ectrons in an e"ectron engine
:s the word substance is used herea%ter( wesha"" ean soething that usua""$ is ade u&o% o"ecu"es8 soeties atos a$ beinvo"ved 5in reactive s$stes6,
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THE SYSTEM: sys#e is that &ortion o% the universe( an
ato( a ga"a+$( a certain ?uantit$ o% atter( or acertain vo"ue in s&ace( that one wishes to
stud$,It is enc"osed b$ s&eci'ed boundaries( which
a$ be iaginar$( either '+ed or oving,
The region a"" about the s$ste is ca""ed the
surroundings or en+ironen# , The surroundingscontain s$stes( soe o% which a$ a7ect the&articu"ar s$ste under stud$( such as a sourceo% heat,
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THE SYSTEM The ree body in ana"$tica" echanics is a
s$ste in which the ode o% ana"$sis is basedon Newton2s "aws o% otion,
The two .inds o% s$stes are)o : %losed sys#e is one in which there is no
e+change o% atter with the surroundings Fass does not cross its boundaries,
o :n o"en sys#e is one across whoseboundaries there is a Eow o% ass,
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P&RE S&SBTANCE: "ure subs#an%e is a sing"e substance that retains
an unvar$ing o"ecu"ar structure or it is a so"ution o%hoogeneous substances in '+ed &ro&ortions( each
o% which retains an unvar$ing o"ecu"ar structure,xa"les o "ure subs#an%es are:o Pure o+$gen
o Dr$ air in the gaseous state F "arge"$ a so"ution o%
o+$gen and nitrogen with '+ed &ercentages o% eachco&onent
o : s$ste o% ice 5s"id water6( water( 5"i?uid6( and waterva&our a$ be considered to be a &ure substancesince the o"ecu"ar in a"" &arts is the sae,
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P&RE S&SBTANCExa"les o sys#es #*a# are no# "ure subs#an%es are:o : i+ture o% oi" and water F the$ wi"" not go into so"ution
o Li?ue'ed dr$ air in contact with its va&our F because since
the condensing te&eratures 5boi"ing &oints6 o% o+$genand nitrogen are di7erent( the re"ative &ercentages o%o+$gen and nitrogen in the "i?uid and in the va&our aredi7erent and wi"" change with the &ercentages o% "i?uidand gas,
o
:"so( a s$ste that inc"udes an$ cheica" &rocess( suchas cobustion( wou"d not be a &ure substance during the&rocess because the o"ecu"ar structures be%ore and a%terthe &rocess are di7erent,
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PHASESSublia#ion F change o% &hase %ro so"id direct"$ to
gaseous &hase,
Moreover( an$ substances that ordinari"$ &ass
through the three &hases during heating o% the so"id&hase a$ sub"iate under certain conditions,
xa"les:
: &iece o% ice e+&osed to the atos&here at te&eraturesbe"ow B/H! wi"" sub"iate and( i% given tie( wi"" &ass
entire"$ into the atos&here as water va&our 5stea6,
In its so"id state at 1 at &ressure( so"id carbon dio+ide5dr$ ice6 sub"iates whi"e it receives heat and doesre%rigeration,
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PROPERTIES AND STATEro"er#ies are descri&tive characteristics that
aid in the co&utation o% changes that have
occurred in a s$ste or wor.ing substance that
e+&ress the behaviour o% the s$ste,;a&"es o% acrosco&ic &ro&erties are "ressure
"( #e"era#ure 3 ( densi#y 4( and s"e%i5% +olue
6.
The c"assi'cations o% &ro&erties are)o 7n#ensi+e "ro"er#ies F inde&endent o% ass,
xa"les: te&erature( &ressure( densit$ andvo"tage,
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PROPERTIES AND STATEo x#ensi+e "ro"er#ies F de&endent u&on the
ass o% the s$ste and are tota" va"ues,
xa"les: tota" vo"ue( tota" interna" energ$
S"e%i5% "ro"er#ies are those %or a unit ass8these( as s&eci'c vo"ue and s&eci'c interna"energ$( are intensive b$ de'nition,
Thus( thin.ing genera""$( we note( ase+a&"es( that vo"ue is an e+tensive&ro&ert$ and that te&erature and &ressureare inherent"$ intensive,
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PROPERTIES AND STATEGhen we s&ea. o% s#a#e o% a substance( we are
assuing that the intensive &ro&erties are uni%orthroughout the s$ste( this state is de'ned b$
&articu"ar va"ues o% an$ inde&endent &ro&erties,:"" other therod$naic &ro&erties o% thesubstance have certain &articu"ar va"ueswhenever a certain ass o% the substance have
certain &articu"ar va"ues whenever a certain asso% the substance is in this &artic"uar acrosco&icstate,
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