theory of plate tectonics: lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move lithosphere is broken...

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Theory of Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics: • Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move • Interactions when the plates touch, explain most of the Earth’s land and ocean features • Earthquakes can occur at all plate boundaries

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Page 1: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

Theory of Plate TectonicsTheory of Plate Tectonics:

• Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move

• Interactions when the plates touch, explain most of the Earth’s land and ocean features

• Earthquakes can occur at all plate boundaries

Page 2: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

Page 3: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

Plate BoundariesTransfor

m

Divergent

Convergent

Page 4: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

What happens at a divergent boundary?• Motion: Plates moving apart

• Features/Processes: o Sea floor spreadingo Mid-ocean ridgeo Volcanic activity

Ex: Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Page 5: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

Ex: The Great Rift Valley • Divergent

boundary on a continent

• New ocean forming

Page 6: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

DivergBound_PC

Page 7: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

What happens at a transform boundary?

• Motion: Plates slide past each other

• Features/Processes: Many earthquakes

Page 8: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

Ex: San Andreas Fault

Page 9: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

What happens at a convergent boundary?• Motion: Plates

are pushed together

• Features depend on which types of plates are converging (details below)

Page 10: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

Convergent(oceanic crust vs. continental

crust)• Oceanic subducts under continental because…o The oceanic crust has a greater density

• Trench is created off the coast• Volcanic Mountains created on land due to rising

magma

magma

http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html

Page 11: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

Ex: The Andes Mountains

Page 12: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

Convergent(oceanic crust vs. oceanic

crust)• The OLDER oceanic plate will sink beneath the newero The older plate is denser b/c it has more time to

compact • Trench is created in between the plates• A volcanic island arc is created due to rising magma

mag

ma

http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html

Page 13: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

Examples: Island Arcs of1. Aleutian Islands, Alaska 2. Japan

3. The Philippines

http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minsurface/1350/90N180W.jpg

Page 14: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

Convergent(continental vs. continental)• Both plates collide and deform

o neither subducts because both plates have similar, low densities

• The crust thickens as mountains are pushed upwardo metamorphism of rocks takes place from

pressure

http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html

Page 15: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

Ex: The Himalayas

Page 16: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

ConvergMargV2

Page 17: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

MotionAtPlate_PC

Page 18: Theory of Plate Tectonics: Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Lithosphere is broken up into many plates that move Interactions when the

Explain this diagram:

1 2 3 4

http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html

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