Theories of Psychosocial and Cognitive Development

Group Members Crystal JimenezBlair Rodriguez Veronica Garcia

Psychosocial is the related links between social and psychological factors

Which in turn features the development of a child interaction with bonding figures. This determines the quality of an individual’s relationship with him or herself this relationship which requires contact and feedback from others and, most importantly from parental figures

Psychosocial development is the development of someone’s personality, and the gaining of attitudes and skills.

According to Erikson; aspirations, expectations, requirements, and opportunities are a part of psychosocial development. They affect the student’s perspective on general concepts and their life style

The basic idea of psychosocial development is that the different stages you go thru in life affects your mental, social, and emotional development up until you die

Erikson’s TheoryBased on Erikson’s studies as parts of the body

develop in interrelated ways in a human fetus, so do the personality of an individual forms as the ego progresses through a series of interrelated stages. Each stage playing a very important part in life

There are eight stages to his theory

Stages of Psychosocial Development Stage 1:Trust versus Mistrust

• from Birth to One year if age

• Learns to trust another persona and his surroundings o The parents play an important role for the child's the

parent is consistent to the child needs and wants the he/he develops a sense of trust to his surroundings

o If the child is neglected and is not attended by the parent, then the child can develop a negative approach and mistrust

Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentStage 2 : Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt

• Age 2 to 3 years

• The child has learned to trust or mistrust they begin to develop their independence

• If the child is encouraged to do what they are capable of doing at their own pace, the child develops a sense of autonomy and independence

• if the child is not encouraged to do stuff on their own they loose their independence and develop the sense of shame and doubt

Example for Psychosocial Development

If you grow up in a safe home you most likely have trust in their environment and confidence within themselves

Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentStage 3: Initiative versus Guilt

• Age 4 to 5 years

• When the child is given the freedom to express themselves and is encouraged by the parent or the teacher the child develops the sense of initiative

• Is a child is not taken serious and encouraged to express their own toughs and opinions they develop the sense of guilt

Stages of Psychosocial Development

Stage 4: Industry versus Inferiority

• Age 6 to 11 years

• Children experience new demands from parents and school. If they achieve demand it leads to success and feelings of completion, and failure leads to a sense of inferiority.

Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentStage 5: Identity versus Role Confusion

• Age 12 to 18 years

• This is when teens should establish a personal identify. Success leads to staying true to yourself while failure leads to role confusion(not knowing who you are).

Stage 6: Intimacy versus Isolation• Young adulthood

• Adults needs to form and bond in loving relationships with people. Failure leads into isolation while success leads to strong long lasting relationships with people.

Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentStage 7: Generatively versus Stagnation

• Middle age

• Adults like to know they are contributing to their environment usually by having children's or helping other people. Success brings feelings of accomplishment , and failure results in a low-self esteem.

Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentStage 8: Integrity versus Despair

• Old age

• Older adults need to be able to have a feeling of self-accomplishment throughout their whole life. If the accomplish this they feel a sense of fulfillment while failure leads to depression and regret.

Erikson’s description of psychosocial development is based thru infancy to old age; the different stages you encounter thru life will be the person who you become.

Erikson also states that people play a role on their own psychical development based on their choices thru these stages.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yhXjJVFA14&feature=related

Piaget’s Theory addresses the question, “How does knowledge develop?”

Cognitive Development is involving mental processes of memory, ruling, and emotional processes

According to Piaget cognitive development is construction of the thought processes (thinking), including remembering, problems solving, and choices that are made for adolescence to adulthood. (learning from your mistakes)

Cognitive Development involves overcoming obstacles thru previous experiences and gathering information to help you gain new information out of the resolution

Piaget proposes that humans inherit two basic tendencies:

1. Organization: tendency to systematize processes

o People tend to arrange processes into rational systems

o Aid our thinking process

2. Adaptation: tendency to adjust to environment

o Assimilation: A new experience is fitted into existing scheme

o Accommodation: scheme is created or revised to fit new experience

According to Piaget both of these tendencies are governed by both physiological and mental functioning

The intellectual processes, transform experiences into

a form that the child can use in dealing with new situations and they seek a balance through the process of equilibration

Equilibration is a form of self-regulation that all

individuals use to bring coherence and stability to their conceptions of the world. To achieve equilibrium you must be going thru disequilibrium.

Schemes: Organized patterns of behavior or thought

According to Piaget, people are trying to strive for a more organized life to help them accomplish equilibrium. But what actually causes a person to try to strive for this is disequilibrium because they want a sense of satiability.

Children formulate these as they interact with their environment, parents, teachers, and age-mates. Schemes can be behavioral or cognitive

Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentSensorimotor StageInfants and ToddlersRecognizes objects mainly through motor activities

Preoperational StageTwo to seven yearsTrying to find themselves within society and

unknowingly what is the correct resolution

Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentConcrete OperationalSeven to Eleven yearsCapable to solve problems through previous

experience and knowledge but not able to manipulate situations

Formal OperationEleven and olderAble to deal with complex situations and form a correct

resolution

According to Piaget’s theory on cognitive development he believed when it came to social interaction that working with peers helped develop this more than interaction with adults

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtLEWVu815o

Works Cited"Conservation task." Web. 28 Jun 2011.

<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtLEWVu815o>. "Erickson's stages of psychosocial development ."

Web. 28 Jun 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxwWr6T_O6s&feature=player_embedded#at=66>.

"Piaget's Cognitive Stages of Development ." Web. 28 Jun 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yhXjJVFA14&feature=related>.

Snowman, Jack, Rick McCown, and Robert Biehler. Psychology Applied to Teaching. 13th. Belmont, CA: WadsWorth Cengage Learing, 1-637. Print.