THEORIES OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT

Dr.Maheshbabu.NAssistant ProfessorDept. of PG Studies and Research in Psychologyemail : madhu.pratihasta@gmail.com

Vocational counseling an integral part of the educational process.

Educational & vocational counseling are together provided to both school and college students.

Jessie B Davis (1898) ECCC in Detroit Eli Weaver (1907) “Choosing a career” Frank Parson – started Voc-Coun-Movement “choosing a vocation”

If voc-coun were made an essential part of the overall educational process, it would be most meaningful, helpful and useful to the individual.

It will be helpful if the counselor is knowledgeable and has the necessary information concerning how individual develop vocationally

Holland’s career development theory (1997) Parsons (1909) “Trait and factor theory” Bordin (1990) “Psychodynamic theory” D.Brown (1996) “Value based theory” McCrae & Jhon (1992) “Five factor theory” Mitchell & Krumboltz (1990)“Social learning

theory” Krumboltz (2009) “Happenstance learning

theory”

Vondracek, Lerner & Schulenberg (1986) “Contextual approach to career”

Roe (1956); Roe & Lunneborg (1990) “Personality development and career choice”

Theories of Content Content refers to the influences on career development

which are either intrinsic to the individual themselves or emanate from within the context in which the individual lives.

Theories of Process Process refers to interaction and change over time and is

depicted in some theories as a series of stages through which individuals pass. The stage or developmental theories of Ginzberg and his colleagues (1951)

Holland’s theory of career development (1997)

Proposed six personality traits Investigative Realistic Conventional Enterprising Artistic Social

Three fundamental questions:ONE:

What characteristics of persons and environments lead to positive vocational outcomes (such as satisfying career outcomes)?

What characteristics of persons and environments lead to negative career outcomes?

TWO What characteristics of persons and

environments leads to career stability or change over the life-span?

THREE What are the most effective ways of

providing assistance to people with career concerns?

Frank Parsons is “… credited with founding the career counselling specialization of modern day professional counselling and the related fields of vocational psychology and counseling psychology” (Pope & Sveinsdottir, 2005).

With an intense commitment to assisting young adolescents transition from school to work.

Parsons’ best known contribution to the field of career development is his identification of three key elements of career selection. They are: 1. A clear understanding of yourself, aptitudes, abilities,

interests, resources, limitations and other qualities. 2. A knowledge of the requirements and conditions of

success, advantages and disadvantages, compensation, opportunities and prospects in different lines of work.

3. True reasoning on the relations of these two groups of facts (Parsons, 1909, p. 5).

Parsons acknowledged that individuals differ in terms of …

interests, abilities, values, personality and skills. Parsons developed “self-assessment tool” “Established the format for career

counselling” (Holland, 1987)

Parsons’ second element relates to knowledge about the world of work, a concept he viewed as vital to comprehensive career planning and development, and that has always been viewed as critical in career development work (DeBell, 2001).

Parsons’ (1909) work represents the “first conceptual framework for career decision-making and became the first guide for career counsellors” (D. Brown & Brooks, 1996).