Theodore Roosevelt/Assumes Presidency After the Theodore Roosevelt/Assumes Presidency After the McKinley Assassination 1901McKinley Assassination 1901

Used Presidency as Used Presidency as ““Bully PulpitBully Pulpit”” a a means to bring attention and demand means to bring attention and demand corruptioncorruptionSupported the growth of industry but Supported the growth of industry but believed there were believed there were GOOD trustsGOOD trusts and and BAD trustsBAD trustsNicknamed the Nicknamed the ““TrustbusterTrustbuster”” in 1902 in 1902 he ordered his Attorney General to bring he ordered his Attorney General to bring a lawsuit against the Northern Securities a lawsuit against the Northern Securities Company (J.P. Morgan) Company (J.P. Morgan) 1904 US v. Northern Securities went to 1904 US v. Northern Securities went to the Supreme Court which ordered the the Supreme Court which ordered the trust to be broken up (it was in violation trust to be broken up (it was in violation of the Sherman Anti Trust Actof the Sherman Anti Trust ActRoosevelt later broke up Standard Oil Roosevelt later broke up Standard Oil and American Tobacco Companyand American Tobacco Company

Theodore Roosevelt/The Square Deal Theodore Roosevelt/The Square Deal

Coal Miner Strike 1902Coal Miner Strike 1902– Coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike Coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike

for better pay and shorter day. Mine for better pay and shorter day. Mine owners refused collective bargainingowners refused collective bargaining

– Roosevelt threatened to send in troops to Roosevelt threatened to send in troops to run the mines if owners wouldnrun the mines if owners wouldn’’t agree to t agree to arbitrationarbitration

– Strike was settled peacefully Strike was settled peacefully – This was a change in govThis was a change in gov’’t policy because t policy because

the government helped settle the strike the government helped settle the strike without using the military against striking without using the military against striking workersworkers

Roosevelt ran for and won the Roosevelt ran for and won the Presidency in 1904. He promised all Presidency in 1904. He promised all American a American a SQUARE DEALSQUARE DEAL– all people rich and poor, native born and all people rich and poor, native born and

immigrant should have an equal immigrant should have an equal opportunity and be treated fairlyopportunity and be treated fairly

Other Roosevelt AccomplishmentsOther Roosevelt Accomplishments

Elkins ActElkins Act (1903) Ended Rebates (1903) Ended Rebates

Hepburn ActHepburn Act (1906) Gave the ICC greater (1906) Gave the ICC greater power including the authority to set railroad ratespower including the authority to set railroad rates

Meat Inspection ActMeat Inspection Act (Passed After TR read the (Passed After TR read the Jungle) Forced Meat packing Plants to open Jungle) Forced Meat packing Plants to open their doors to government inspectorstheir doors to government inspectors

Pure Food and Drug ActPure Food and Drug Act required food and required food and drug companies to list all ingredients on their drug companies to list all ingredients on their package and monitored untrue claimspackage and monitored untrue claims

First First CONSERVATIONISTCONSERVATIONIST President President– Created 5 Natural Wilderness areas and Created 5 Natural Wilderness areas and

Convinced Congress to ban lumbering in 150 Convinced Congress to ban lumbering in 150 million acres of Govt. landmillion acres of Govt. land

William Howard Taft/Continuation of TR PoliciesWilliam Howard Taft/Continuation of TR Policies

Chosen by TR to run for Chosen by TR to run for Republican nominationRepublican nominationWins the election of 1908Wins the election of 1908

Busted two times Busted two times as many trusts as as many trusts as TRTRTaft lacks TRTaft lacks TR’’s political s political skill; looses Progressive skill; looses Progressive support when he backs a support when he backs a high tariff bill high tariff bill

William Howard Taft/Election of 1912 William Howard Taft/Election of 1912 ELECTION of 1912:ELECTION of 1912:– ROOSEVELTROOSEVELT ran for Republican ran for Republican

nomination against nomination against TAFTTAFT..– Taft won the nomination but some Taft won the nomination but some

Republicans launched a new party Republicans launched a new party called the called the ““Progressive PartyProgressive Party”” which was nicknamed which was nicknamed ““BULL BULL MOOSE PARTYMOOSE PARTY””

– Democrats choose Democrats choose WOODROW WOODROW WILSONWILSON (NJ) as their Progressive (NJ) as their Progressive Candidate.Candidate.

Wilson was able to win Wilson was able to win because the Republicanbecause the Republican vote was splitvote was split

The Taft Tub The Taft Tub

Woodrow Wilson/New Freedom Woodrow Wilson/New Freedom Lowers Tariffs Lowers Tariffs Wilson does not believe that any trusts Wilson does not believe that any trusts were were ““goodgood”” trusts: trusts: – found it impossible to break them all up found it impossible to break them all up

and so worked to control big and so worked to control big corporationscorporations

Federal Trade Commission:Federal Trade Commission: Could Could investigate companies and order them investigate companies and order them to stop using unfair business practicesto stop using unfair business practicesClayton Anti Trust Act:Clayton Anti Trust Act: Prohibited Prohibited business practices that tried to destroy business practices that tried to destroy competition. It also protected Unions competition. It also protected Unions and Workers right to organize. and Workers right to organize. (reinforced/clarified Sherman Anti-Trust (reinforced/clarified Sherman Anti-Trust Act)Act)Federal Reserve Act – regulated and Federal Reserve Act – regulated and centralized bankingcentralized bankingBegan Graduated Federal Income Began Graduated Federal Income Tax Tax

CONCLUSION:CONCLUSION:How did the How did the ““PROGRESSIVE PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTSPRESIDENTS”” influence Government? influence Government?– Used the government as a means to Used the government as a means to

reform & regulate big business/broke up reform & regulate big business/broke up unfair trustsunfair trusts

– Government regulation/protection for Government regulation/protection for consumers (pure food & drug act)consumers (pure food & drug act)

– Regulated the money supply/attempted to Regulated the money supply/attempted to add fairness to the tax system add fairness to the tax system

– Protected the environment/created the Protected the environment/created the national parks systemnational parks system