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Theme - 2 Safety in Substances by Road industrial Disaster Risk Management Transportation of Hazardous January 2010 5.03-0005-2010 For further information Contact: Paryavaran Parisar, E-5, Arera Colony, PB No. 563, Bhopal-462 016 MP (India), Fon +91-755-2466715, 2461538, 2461348, Fax +91-755-2466653 [email protected] www.dmibhopal.nic.in Disaster Management Institute International Weiterbildung und Entwicklung gGmbH Capacity Building International, Germany Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 40 53113 Bonn Fon +49 228 4460-0 Fax +49 228 4460-1766 www.inwent.org InWEnt -

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Page 1: Theme - 2 Safety in Transportation of Hazardous Substances by · PDF fileIndustrial Development, Sustainable Urban Development, Sustainable Consumption and Consumer Protection, Sustainable

Theme - 2

Safety in Substances by Roadindustrial Disaster Risk Management

Transportation of Hazardous

Jan

ua

ry 2

01

0 5

.03

-00

05

-20

10For further information Contact:

Paryavaran Parisar,E-5, Arera Colony, PB No. 563,Bhopal-462 016 MP (India),Fon +91-755-2466715, 2461538, 2461348, Fax +91-755-2466653 [email protected]

Disaster Management Institute

International Weiterbildung und Entwicklung gGmbHCapacity Building International, GermanyFriedrich-Ebert-Allee 4053113 BonnFon +49 228 4460-0Fax +49 228 4460-1766www.inwent.org

InWEnt -

Page 2: Theme - 2 Safety in Transportation of Hazardous Substances by · PDF fileIndustrial Development, Sustainable Urban Development, Sustainable Consumption and Consumer Protection, Sustainable

gtz-ASEMThe Advisory Services in Environmental Management (ASEM) Programme, is a joint programme of the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) and the Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). The German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) supports several environment related projects in India through GTZ. ASEM focuses on seven major thrust areas -Sustainable Industrial Development, Sustainable Urban Development, Sustainable Consumption and Consumer Protection, Sustainable Environmental Governance and the cross cutting areas. Climate Change and Human Resource Development. Public PrivatePartnership (PPP) project with Indian and German companies contribute towards identified project activities. Detailed Information can be explored using our WEB sites:

www.asemindia.comwww.hrdp-net.in

InWEnt - Qualified to Shape the FutureInWEnt - Capacity Building International, Germany, is a non-profit organisation with worldwide operations dedicated to human resource development, advanced training, and dialogue. Our capacity building programmes are directed at experts and executives from politics, administration, the business community, and civil society. We are commissioned by the German federal government to assist with the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations. in addition, we provide the German business sector with support for public private partnership projects. Through exchange programmes, InWEnt also offers young people from Germany the opportunity to gain professional experience abroad.

Detailed Information can be explored using our WEB sites:www.inwent.org

Disaster Management Institute(DMI) BhopalThe Disaster Management Institute (DMI) was set up in 1987 by the Government of Madhya Pradesh (GoMP) as an autonomous organization in the aftermath of the industrial disaster in Bhopal.Since inception, DMI has built vast experience in preparation of both On-site and Off-site Emergency Management Plans, Safety Audit, Risk Analysis and Risk Assessment, Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP), etc.The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) constituted under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister selected DMI as a member of the Core Groupfor preparation of the National Disaster Management Guidelines- Chemical Disaster.It is a matter of pride that NDMA has selected DMI for conducting Mock Exercises onchemical (industrial) Disaster Management at key industrial locations in the country.The Ministry of Environment and Forests, InWEnt and gtz-ASEM Germany have recognized DMI as a Nodal Training Institutes for capacity building in industrial DisasterRisk Management.

www.HRDP-iDRM.in

MoEFThe Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) is the nodal agency in the administrativestructure of the Central Government for the planning, promotion, coordination andoverseeing the implementation of India’s environmental and forestry policies and programmes.The Ministry also serves as the nodal agency in the country for the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme (SACEP), International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and for the follow-up of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). The Ministry is also entrusted with issues relating to multilateral bodies suchas the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), Global Environment Facility (GEF) and of regional bodies like Economic and Social Council for Asia and Pacific(ESCAP) and South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC) on matters pertaining to the environment.

FEDERAL REPUBLICOF GERMANY

COOPERATIONREPUBLIC OF

INDIA

FEDERAL REPUBLICOF GERMANY

COOPERATIONREPUBLIC OF

INDIA

Capacity Building InternationaleGermany

in ent

DisclaimerThough all care has been taken while researching and compiling thecontents provided in this booklet. DMI-InWEnt-gtz-ASEM accept noliability for its correctness.The reader is advised to confirm specifications and health hazardsdescribed in the booklet before taking any steps, suitability of actionrequires verifications through other sources also.Information provided here does not constitute an endorsement orrecommendation.

Chief Editor

Editors

Support

Published under

InWEnt

Disaster Management Institute

GTZ ASEMAdvisory Service in Environmental Management

Praveen Garg, IAS, Executive Director, DMI, Bhopal, India

Dr. Rakesh Dubey, Director, DMI, Bhopal, IndiaFlorian Bemmerlein-Lux, Sr. Advisor, InWEnt, Germany

Sudheer Dwivedi, Dy. Director, DMI, Bhopal, IndiaDr. Asit Patra, Asstt. Director, DMI, Bhopal, IndiaNeeraj Pandey, Content Manager, InWEnt IndiaAmit Kumar Dadhich, Content Manager, InWEnt IndiaHuda Khan, Content Manager, InWEnt India

InWEnt-gtz-ASEM Capacity Development Programme for industrial Disaster Risk Management (iDRM)

Edition 1, 2010

International Weiterbildung und Entwicklung gGmbHCapacity Building International, Germany Division for Environment, Energy and WaterLützowufer 6-9, 10785 Berlin, GermanyDr. Christina KamlagePhone +49 30 [email protected] MallingerPhone +49 30 [email protected]

Paryavaran Parisar, E-5, Arera Colony, PB No. 563Bhopal-462 016 MP (India),Fon +91-755-2466715, 2461538, 2461348, Fax +91-755-2466653 www.hrdp-iDRM.in

A-33, Gulmohar Park, New Delhi 110049Fon +91-11-26528840Fax +91-11-26537673www.asemindia.com

Imprint

Page 3: Theme - 2 Safety in Transportation of Hazardous Substances by · PDF fileIndustrial Development, Sustainable Urban Development, Sustainable Consumption and Consumer Protection, Sustainable

Contents

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8. Emergency nformation anel (EIP) of few of the hazardous

chemicals

9. Class label of popular chemicals transported by road

10. Exercise

11. Correct extinguishing techniques for different types of fires

12. Initial isolation and protective action distances

13. Conclusion

14. Glossary

15. References

Introduction

Hazard information systems

2.1 U.N. classification for hazard and substance identification

Hazchem

Responsibilities of consignor

Responsibilities of the transporter or owner of goods carriage

Responsibilities of the driver

6.1 Driver to be instructed

6.2 Driver to Report to the police station about accident:

Emergency Information Panel (EPI)

I P

- 2

- 2

- 9

- 15

- 2

- 20

- 13

- 13

- 23

- 24

- 14

- 14

- 14

- 33

- 34

- 32

- 27

- 26

1

1. Introduction

2. Hazard information systems

2.1. U.N. classification for hazard and substance identification

The rapid increase in the transportation of hazardous chemicals has enhanced the accident potential during transit. In transit, the goods would subject to impact, vibration, compression and other adverse effects and exposure to harmful environment. The other factors such as improper packing of the contents, poor storage may also lead to release of chemicals to the environment resulting in emergencies like fire, explosion, toxic release, etc. Apart from pollution of land, water and air, such emergencies have potential to cause injuries and death, property damage and environmental degradation. Availability of information on the hazards and control measures at the time of emergency is vital for minimising the effect of such accidents. This module is intended to provide the first hand knowledge about the hazard information system as implemented in India and its status of implementation.

The movement of hazardous substances by any mode of transport, presents in general, a greater risk of accidental release. It is due to absence of the availability of appropriate information on transport accidents. The need for essential information to be clearly displayed in transport emergency has always been accepted by both industry and the emergency services. The basis of many emergency information systems adopted in various parts of the world has been a combination of hazard classification and United Nations substance identification.

The classification of chemical hazards as recommended by the UN Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods has been widely adopted for transport of hazardous chemicals for all modes of transport. Hazard types are segregated into nine basic classes represented numerically. Many of these classes are further separated in to divisions and subdivisions according to appropriate criteria. The international classification system is given in Table -1. In India to manage accidents in transportation of hazardous chemicals “Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989” have been framed.

This module is useful for following target groups:

Traffic policeIndustries

TransportersEmergency managers

Fire fightersDrivers, etc.

2

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Table-1 UN international classification system

CLASS 1EXPLOSIVES

Explosives with a mass explosion hazardExplosives with a projection hazardExplosives with predominantly fire hazardExplosives with no significant blast hazardVery insensitive explosivesExtremely insensitive explosive articles

Division 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.5 Division 1.6

Flammable SolidsSpontaneously combustible materialsMaterials that are dangerous when wet

Division 4.1Division 4.2Division 4.3

CLASS 4FLAMMABLE SOLIDS,SPONTANEOUSLYCOMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS, AND MATERIALSTHAT ARE DANGEROUSWHEN WET

Flashpoint below - 18°C (0°F)Flashpoint - 18°C and above but lessthan 23°C (73°F)Flashpoint of 23°C and upto 61°C (141°F)

Division 3.1Division 3.2

Division 3.3

CLASS 3FLAMMABLELIQUIDS

CLASS 2GASES

Non Flammable GasesFlammable GasesPoison Gases

Division 2.1Division 2.2Division 2.3

CLASS 5OXIDIZERS ANDORGANIC PEROXIDES

Division 5.1Division 5.2

OxidisersOrganic Peroxides

CLASS 6POISONOUS ANDETIOLOGIC

Division 6.1Division 6.2Division 6.3

Poisonous MaterialsHarmful SubstancesEtiologic (Infectious) Materials

3

(INFECTIOUS)MATERIALS

CLASS 9MISCELLANEOUSHAZARDOUS MATERIALS

CLASS 8CORROSIVES

CLASS 7RADIOACTIVEMATERIALS

The pictogram, hazard-warning diamonds may also bear an approved inscription quoting the hazard and /or the United Nations hazard class number. The basic principle however, is that the shape, colour and pictogram convey a clear message of danger, thus overcoming language difficulties. With international acceptance, the value of such labelling system when displayed on vehicles and packages is clear because:

1. It provides a warning to the general public to keep away. 2. In an accidental situation the emergency services are provided with an indication of the primary hazard likely to be encountered.

The class label for various type of hazardous chemicals, as per the rule 137, provides information in detail according to Table 2

EXPLOSIVES

1

Symbol (Exploding Bomb) : Black Background : Orange

UN Class No. Classification of goods Class Label

1 2 3

1. Explosives

Table-2

4

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2 Gases, compressed, liquified, dissolved under pressure or deeply refrigerated.

2.2 Flammable gases

Symbol (Flame) : Black or White Background : Red

FLAMMABLE GAS

2

2.1 Non-flammable gases

Symbol (Gas cylinder) : Black or White Background : Green

NON-FLAMMABLECOMPRESSED

GAS2

2.3 Poison (Toxic Gases)

Symbol (Skull and cross bones) : Black Background : White

POISON GAS

2

5

1 2 3

4 Inflammable solids, substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances which, on contact with water, emits flammable gases.

4.1 Flammable solids

Symbol (Flame) : Black Background : White with vertical red stripes

FLAMMABLE SOLIDS

4

3 Flammable liquids

Symbol (Flame) : Black or White Background : Red

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

3

4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion

Symbol (Flame) : Black Background : Upper half White and lower half Red

SPONTANEOUSLY

COMBUSTIBLE

4

6

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5.2 Organic peroxides

Symbol (Flame over circle) : Black Background : Yellow

OXIDISING PEROXIDE

5

1 2 3

5 Oxidising substances and organic peroxides

4.3 Substances which, on contact with water, emit flammable gases

Symbol (Flame) : Black or White Background : Blue

DANGEROUSWHEN WET

4

5.1 Oxidising substances

Symbol (Flame over circle) : Black Background : Yellow

OXIDISING AGENT

5

7

6.3 Infectious substances

The bottom half of the label should bear:INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES (optional) andthe inscription “In the case of damage orleakage immediately notify Public HealthAuthority” (optional)Symbol (three crescents superimposedon a circle)and inscription : Black Background : White

INFECTIOUSSUBSTANCES

6

6.2 Harmful substances

The bottom half of the label should bearthe inscription:HARMFUL stow away from food-stuffs.Symbol ( St. Andrew’s cross over anear of wheat) : Black Background : White

HARMFULSTOP AWAY FROM

FOODSTUFFS

6

6.1 Poisonous (toxic) substances

Symbol (Skull and crossbones) : Black Background : White

POISON

6

1 2 3

8

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Symbol ( liquids spilling from two glassvessels and attacking a hand and meta: Black Background : Upper half White and lower half Black with white border.

CORROSIVE

8

8. Corrosives

1 2 3

3. Hazchem Till sometime back firemen had no way of knowing what medium of extinguishment on unknown chemicals in a fire, spillage or any emergency should be used. Incorrectactions resulted in disasters.

Availability of information on the hazardous nature of substance and required control measure helps the emergency management personnel to take quick and correct decisions.

The hazchem code (also called Emergency Action Code) gives vital information to firebrigade and other emergency services on the action to be taken to combat spillage, leakage or fire in an emergency involving a hazardous substance.

7 Redioactive substances

Symbol ( 3 segments of a circle) a numberand lettering of the class label) shall be black on a white background and the parallel lines bordering the Class label shall be black and shall be 5 mm thick.

RADIOACTIVEDO NOT REMAIN IN OR

NEAR THIS VEHICLEUNNECESSARILY

7

9

The letters signify 4 aspects viz.

I) Method of controlling spillage a) by diluting or b) by containingii) Personal protective equipment to be worn by fire fightersiii) Reactive nature of Chemical, and iv) Need for evacuation. The fire services personnel should carry the Hazchem code, scale and Notes for Guidance as given in Table-4.

Table-4HAZCHEM CODE

1.

2.

3.

4.

JETS

FOG

FOAM

DRY AGENT

Notes for Guidance

FOG : In the absence of fog equipmenta fire spray may be used.

DRY AGENT : Water must not be allowed to come into contact with the substances at risk.

V : Can be violently or even explosivelyreactive

FULL : Full body protective clothing with BA.

BA : Breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.

DILUTE : May be washed to drain with large quantities of water

CONTAIN : Prevent by any means available, the spillage from entering drains or water course.

E CONSIDER EVACUATION

DILUTE

CONTAIN

FULL

BA

BA

BA for FIRE only

BA for FIRE only

FULL

BA

BA

BA for FIRE only

BA for FIRE only

P VR

W VX

Z

Z

Y V

Y

S V

S

T

T

Table-3

1 JETS

2 FOG

3 FOAM

4 DRY AGENT

The hazchem code consists of a number from 1 to 4 and any one of the letters, P, R, S ,T, W, X, Y, Z followed at times by the letter E.

The numbers signify the extinguishing medium to be employed as given in Table-3.

10

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HAZCHEM Code of some important and popular chemicals transported on Indian roads are given in Table-5.

It is important to note here that the objective of the hazchem code is not to identifythe chemical carried in the vehicle. The purpose of hazchem code is only to provideguidance on the basic approach to deal with an emergency.

In interpreting the hazchem code, the following points will be useful :

(i) If necessary, a fire fighting medium represented by a higher number than that shown may be used, but not represented by a lower number.(ii) Where the letter appears as white on black, police and other non-fire service personnel need to wear breathing apparatus only for a fire and not for a spillage, but firemen are required to wear it in both cases.(iii) Letter E indicates that the officer in charge should consider civil evacuation of the area.

The Indian Chemical Manufactures Association (ICMA), in their publication “Code For Safe Transportation Of Hazardous Substances By Road” recommends that at least the area within a radius of 300m should be considered for evacuation wherever 'E' appears in hazchem code.

For example for ethylene oxide with UN number 1040 and hazchem code is 2PE and would be decoded as:

2- Fog equipment is recommended (through extinguishing agents corresponding tohigher number may also be used). P- Can be violently (V) reactive .Full body clothing with breathing apparatus is necessary. The substance may be diluted and washed todrain

.

1) PETROL 3 E

2) METHYL ALCOHOL 2 P E

3) L.P.G. 2 W E

4) AMMONIA LIQUIFIED 2 P E

5) SULPHUR 2

6) KEROSENE 3

HAZCHEM CODESUBSTANCE

Y

Y

Z

Table-5

11

E- Consider evacuation as first priority.

For motor spirit with UN number 1203, the hazchem code is 3YE, and this would mean

3- Use Foam only.Y- Can be violently (V) reactive or explosive. Breathing apparatus plus protective gloves to be used in case of fire. The personal protective equipment is not a requirement in case of spillage. Any spillage of the substance should be contained. E- Consider evacuation as a first priority. An example is shown in Photo-1 for petrol.

Photo-2

Photo-4

Photo-3

With reference to UN class label, instead of correct fire symbol in red, a flower or some vague picture is painted (Photo-2). Drivers keep many TREM cards belonging to chemicals transported earlier, in the vehicle cabin. This specially leads to confusion when the driver/cleaner runs away after an accident and emergency action is to be taken. The size of EIP, inside boxes and letters / numbers does not match the specifications given in CMVR, 1989 (Photo-3). The EIP which gets obliterated in course of time is not repainted and remains unclear or invisible (Photo-4). Some tankers do not carry any hazardous chemical, but display EIP of a hazardous chemical which the tanker transported earlier.

Bad Practices

Photo-1

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

3

12

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The goods carriage has a valid registration to carry the hazardous goods.

The vehicle is equipped with necessary First-aid, Safety equipments and Antidotes as may be necessary.

The transporter or owner of the goods carriage has full and adequate information about the dangerous or hazardous goods being transported.

The driver of the goods carriage is to be trained in handling the dangers posed during transport of such goods.

Every consignor shall supply to the owner of the goods carriage full and adequate information about the dangerous or hazardous goods, being transported as to enable such owner and its driver to: (a) comply with the requirements of rules 129 to 137 (b) to make aware of the risks created by such goods to health or safety of any person.

1. It shall be the responsibility of the owner or transporter to ensure the following:-

The goods carriage has valid registration and permit and is safe for the transportation of the said goods. The vehicle is equipped with necessary First-Aid, Safety equipment, tool box and antidotes as may be the necessity to contain any accident.

2. The owner or transporter should satisfy himself that the information given by the consignor is full and accurate in all respects as specified in rule 137.

3. The owner or transporter should ensure that the driver being deputed for transportation is trained to handle and transport such hazardous materials and has information as annexure V of rule 132.

4. The owner of the goods carriage carrying dangerous or hazardous goods and the consignor of such goods shall lay down the route for each trip or permitted otherwise by police authorities.

5. Responsibilities of the transporter or owner of goods carriage

4. Responsibilities of consignor

The consignor has to ensure the following points :

13

Annexure VTransport Emergency (TREM) Card (ROAD)

Cargo Mention chemical identity of the dangerous and hazardous goodsNature of hazard ........................................Protective devices ..........................................Emergency action Notify police and fire brigade immediatelySpillage ..........................................Fire ..................................First-aid- Additional information provided by the manufacturer or sender

6. Responsibilities of the driver

6.1. Driver to be instructed

6.2. Driver to report to the police station about accident:

It is the responsibility of the driver to keep all information provided to him in writing i.e., in the form TREM CARD (Transport Emergency Card). This is to be kept in the drivers cabin and should be available at all times while hazardous material is being transported (Rule 133). Driver will also ensure that parked vehicle is safe from fire, explosion or any other risk.

As per Rule the driver should have the ability to read and write at least one Indian language specified in the Constitution and English language.

The driver should have successfully passed a course connected with the transport of hazardous goods.

The owner of every goods carriage transporting dangerous or hazardous goods shall ensure the satisfaction of the consignor that the driver of the goods carriage has received adequate instructions and training to enable him to understand the nature of the goods being transported, by him, the nature of the risks raising out of such goods, precautions he should take while the goods carriage is in motion or stationary and the action he has to take in case of any emergency. (Rule 135)

The driver of a goods carriage transporting any dangerous or hazardous goods shall, on the occurrence of an accident involving any dangerous or hazardous goods transported

5. The owner of the goods carriage should ensure that the driver holds a driving licence as per provisions of the Central Motor Vehicle Rules.

14

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EM

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FO

RM

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PA

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RO

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CK

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TR

UC

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CL

AS

S L

AB

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TA

NK

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Fig-

1

note the lack of concern shown by both the consignors / transporters as well as the various regulatory agencies involved. It has been observed that carriers are not displaying the details of hazards chemical in EIP.

1615

7. Emergency Information Panel (EIP)

In India, it is mandatory for the vehicles transporting hazardous chemicals to display Emergency Information Panel (EIP) with details and at places as specified under Rule 134 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 as shown in Fig-1.

1. Every goods carriage used for transporting any dangerous or hazardous goods shall be legibly and conspicuously marked with an emergency information panel in each of the three places as specified, so that the emergency information panel faces to each side of the carriage and to its rear and such panel shall contain the following information viz.

The correct technical name of the dangerous or hazardous goods in letters not less than 50 mm high. The United Nations class number for the dangerous goods in letters not less than 100 mm high (Rule 137). The class label of the dangerous or hazardous goods in the size of not less than 250 mm square. The name and telephone number of the emergency services to be contacted in the event of fire or any other accident in letters and numerals that are not less than 50 mm high and the name and telephone number of the consignor of the dangerous or hazardous goods or of some other person from whom expert information and advice can be obtained concerning the measures that should be taken in the event of emergency.

2. Every class label and emergency information panel ( EIP) shall be marked on the goods carriage and shall be kept free and clean from obstruction at all times.

3. The emergency information panel ( EIP) should have dimensions as shown in fig-2.

One practical problem encountered with the use of EIP is the selection of the substance identification number and the hazchem code to be incorporated in the EIP when a tanker transports different chemicals in different compartments. The solution in such case is to incorporate the word “Multi-load” in the sections of EIP earmarked for “UN Number” and “Hazchem” and to label each compartment separately with the UN number and hazchem code corresponding to the chemical in the compartment.

As to the level of compliance to this statutory requirement, it is quite disheartening to

by his carriage, report forthwith to the nearest police station and also inform the owner of the goods carriage or the transporter regarding the accident. (Rule 136)

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Following deficiencies in respect of the Emergency Information Panels on hazardous goods carriers was further observed:

1. Display of EIP not in accordance with the provisions laid down in the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 (CMVR). The EIP as per CMVR should be displayed at three locations on a carrier viz; extreme back and both sides of the vehicle with class label in front of the vehicle (Fig 1). It has been observed that in place of information as per EIP and information of hazardous chemicals other information is provided (Photo-5,6). Photo-5 has no EIP and photo-6 has no information as per colour code. Both photos are of same one vehicle.

2. The information given in the EIP does not match with the chemical being transported. This may be due to: Carelessness in adhering, to CMVR requirements by the Consignor. Driver of the vehicle not affixing on the EIP, the stickers for class label, UN number hazchem, etc. supplied by the consignor at the time of loading a chemical.

Photo-5

Photo-6

3. Carriers designed for other purpose are being used for transporting of hazardous goods. Photo-7 shows the transportation of LPG cylinders in ordinary truck without EIP.

4. Some time EIP on paper has printed and pasted on vehicle these paper during transportation during rainy season washed out.

Photo-7

18

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Emergency procedures in the event of a Tanker/Truck accident

1. If possible drive out of populated areas. 2. Identify the cargo, refer labels, TREM Card, instructions. 3. In case of a major leak of highly inflammable gas/ vapour, do not start the engine. 4. Order on lookers to leave the affected area. 5. Stop pilferage of the leaked substance, it can be dangerous. 6. Secure the accident area and divert traffic.7. Remove affected persons for first aid.8. In the event of electrical fire, isolate the battery of the vehicle.9. In case of fire, inform Fire Station, avoid inhalation of fumes, use gas masks if required.10. In case of leaks, see if it can be arrested easily.11. Contain small spills by covering with sand.12. Avoid direct contact with skin, wash with water and use necessary protective clothing like PVC apron.13. In case of contact with eyes or skin wash with plenty of water. For any major contamination, remove clothing immediately.

19

FIG-4EMERGENCY INFORMATION PANEL

FOR AMMONIA (LIQUIFIED)

CORRECT TECHNICAL NAMEAMMONIA LIQUIFIED

UN NO. 1005

HAZCHEM 2 PE

SPECIALIST ADVICE:INHALATION CAUSES RESPIRATORY DAMAGE. CONTACT AFFECTS EYESAND SKIN. CONTAIN LEAK WITH SAND OR EARTH

IN EMERGENCY DIAL

FIG-3EMERGENCY INFORMATION PANEL

FOR METHYL ALCOHOL

CORRECT TECHNICAL NAME(METHYL ALCOHOL)

IN EMERGENCY DIAL SPECIALIST ADVICE:

FATAL IF SWALLOWED. CAUSES EYE IRRITATION. EXPLOSION HAZARD. DRENCH SPILLAGE WITH WATER.

UN NO. 1230

HAZCHEM 2 PE

8. Emergency information panel (EIP) of few of the hazardous chemicals transported by road are given in fig-3 to 8

20

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FIG-6EMERGENCY INFORMATION PANEL

FOR KEROSENE

CORRECT TECHNICAL NAMEKEROSENE

UN NO. 1223

SPECIALIST ADVICE:VAPOUR IS INVISIBLE AND HEAVIER THAN AIR. SPREADS ALONG GROUND. KEEP FLAMMABLES AWAY. CONTAIN LEAK WITH SAND OR EARTH.

IN EMERGENCY DIAL

HAZCHEM 3 Y

FIG-5EMERGENCY INFORMATION PANEL

FOR PETROL

CORRECT TECHNICAL NAMEPETROL

UN NO. 1203

SPECIALIST ADVICE:VAPOUR IS INVISIBLE AND HEAVIERTHAN AIR SPREAD ALONG GROUND.KEEP FLAMMABLES AWAY.CONTAIN LEAK WITH SAND OR EARTH.

IN EMERGENCY DIAL

HAZCHEM 3 EY

21

FIG-7EMERGENCY INFORMATION PANEL

FOR SULPHUR

CORRECT TECHNICAL NAMESULPHER

UN NO. 1350

SPECIALIST ADVICE:

COMBUSTION CAUSES TOXIC FUMES.SWEEP UP SPILLED SUBSTANCE.

IN EMERGENCY DIAL

HAZCHEM 3 Z

FIG-8EMERGENCY INFORMATION PANEL

FOR CHLORINE

CORRECT TECHNICAL NAMECHLORINE

UN NO. 1017

IN EMERGENCY DIAL

HAZCHEM 2 XE

SPECIALIST ADVICE: VAPOUR HEAVIER THAN AIR, STAY UPWIND, EVACUATE AREA, USE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS, CONTAIN SPILLAGE,DISPERSE GAS WITH WATER SPRAY BUT DON’T SPRAY WATER ON LEAKY POINT USE STREPSILS/VICKS/GUR FOR RELIEF AGAINST IRRITATION

NON-FLAMMABLECOMPRESSED

GAS2

TOXIC GAS

2

22

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24

10. Exercise

Identify the deviations in EIP, class label, hazchem, etc in the following pictures to test yourself:

EIPClass labelHazchemOther

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

EIPClass labelHazchemOther

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

EIPClass labelHazchemOther

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

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9. Class label of popular chemicals transported by road

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

POISON

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

POISON

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

3

POISON

2

BENZENE (C6H6)

CARBON Dl SULPHIDE

METHANOL (CH3OH)

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

3

TOLUENE

NAPHTHA

PHENOL

POISON

2

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

3

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26

11. fires

Correct extinguishing techniques for different types of

WATER BASED

DRY POWDER

FOAM

WATER BASEDDirect stream at base of fire.

DRY POWDERStart at base of flame and move up where burning.

FOAMDo not play stream onto the burning liquid. Allow foam to fall lightly on fire.

C02 AND HALONDischarge as close to fire as possible from edge of flame forwards and upwards.

CO2 AND HALON

25

EIPClass labelHazchemOther

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

EIPClass labelHazchemOther

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

EIPClass labelHazchemOther

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

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12. Initial isolation and protective action distances

The Table-6 suggestes distances for isolating unprotected people from spill areas involving hazardous chemicals shown are for listed chemicals when they are not onfire.

Only a few chemicals of the Motor vehicle Rules, 1989 and whose vapours have the potential to produce toxic effects have been selected. The Table-6 is useful for no more than 80 minutes of an incident involving these hazardous chemicals. It is suggested that the use of this table be limited specifically to the initial phase of a NO FIRE spill incident during transport.

The smallest ISOLATION DISTANCE indicated in the table is 45.7 meters and the smallest PROTECTIVE ACTION DISTANCE is 320 meters. This means that 45.7 meters is the minimum distance for isolating the unprotected public for any hazardous chemical spillthat is listed in the table. Distances for both small spills and large spills are shown in the table and the largest distance for protective action is 8 kms. The approximate distance and air borne release would travel in 30 minutes with a wind speed of 2.68 m/s. Some releases could require protective actions beyond 8 kms after the first 30 minutes following the initial release.

This module assists the first responders in identifying hazardous chemicals and provides advice for initial emergency action. It is not an excuse for a responder to try to control an accident alone. Instead, the first responder will take action to and move an unprotected person out of the danger area.

If a hazardous chemical cloud goes between several multi storey building or down a valley the cloud may affect people much further away from the distances specified and protective action distances should be increased accordingly. Fire involvement in an additional leaking tank also indicates the need to increase the isolation and protective action distances.

For hazardous chemicals listed in the table, if a fire begins and burns the spill chemical, the toxic effects may become less important compared to the fire, explosion or BLEVE hazards. For flammable chemicals the potential fragmentation hazards i.e. formation of thermal degradation product usually requires a greater isolation area in all directions despite any shorter distances suggested in the table.

Regardless of the number of meters that have been indicated if unprotected people are being affected the isolation and protective action distances should be increased.

Every hazardous chemical incident is different. Each can have special problems and

27

concerns. Actions to protect public must be selected carefully. This module can help with an initial decision on how to protect the threatened public. Officials must continue to gather information and monitor the situation.

Evacuation is by itself, a process with significant risk for the persons being evacuated. Therefore, protecting in place should always be a first consideration if the buildings can be sealed tightly from any fresh air entering. In the case of short term spills and cold toxic vapour clouds the hazardous chemicals may be deflected or reflected by the multi-storey buildings and pass by without affecting the occupants of the buildings. People in the upper floors of a tall rise building within the downwind protective action distance may often be safer by remaining where they are. Air handling equipments if any, like air conditioners, etc. should be shut down to keep out hazardous chemical vapours.

It is vital that communication is constantly maintained with competent persons inside such buildings so that they could be adviced of the changing conditions. Those persons protected in place should be warned to stay far from a window in direct line of the scene of the incident.

BACKGROUND INFORMATIONBased on a Gaussian dispersion model, isolation and protective distances have been predicted. A small spill refers to an accident with a container size equal to or smaller than a 248 kg drum (55 gallons). Large spill refers to a one ton cylinder a tank truck or rail car. Predictions are for neutral weather stability (class D), overcast night with wind speed of 2.68 m/s and a temperature of 35°C. LC 50 values were used to estimate short term exposure limits wherever TLVs STELs or TLV—TWAs were not available.

HOW TO USE THE TABLE:1. Responders should have: -Identified the material by its ID number and name; -Noted the wind direction.

2. Now responders should look in this table for the ID number and name of the chemical in this incident. Some ID numbers have more than one shipping name listed. Look for the specific name of the chemical.

If responders find a matching entry in the table, use the following steps (3 to 6) to determine the area requiring immediate protective actions.

3. Determine if the incident involves a SMALL or LARGE spill. Generally a SMALL SPILL is one which involves a single, small package (i.e. up to a 200-248 kg or one drum), small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A LARGE SPILL is one which involves a big spill from an opening in a large package or multiple spills from many small packages.

28

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4. Look up the initial ISOLATION distance. Direct all persons to move, in the crosswind direction, away from the spill to the distance specified.

5. Next, look up the initial PROTECTIVEACTION DISTANCE shown in the table. For a given hazardous chemical and spill size, the table gives the distance in meters downwind in which protective actions should be considered. For practical purposes, the Protective Action Zone (i.e. the area in which people are at risk of harmful exposure) is a square, whose length and width are the same as the downwind distance shown in the table.

Initial isolationZone

SpillFig-9

Initial isolationDistance

CALL THE NEAREST EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTRE (EOC) FOR HELP.

6. Initiate Protective Actions to the extent possible, beginning with those closest to the spill site and working away from the site in the down wind direction.

The shape of the area in which protective actions should be taken (the Protective Action Zone) is shown in this figure. The spill is located at the center of the small circle. The circle represents the ISOLATION zone around the spill. (Fig-9 and 10)

If the material is on fire or explosion, there may be toxic combustion products.

Protective ActionZone

Wind Direction

Initial Isolation Zone

Spill

Downwind Distance

Fig-10

1/2 Downwind Distance

1/2 Downwind Distance

29

Table-6INITIAL ISOLATION AND PROTECTIVE ACTION DISTANCES (In Meters)

S.NO. ID NO. Name of Chemical Small Spil(250 Kg)

Large Spil(1000 Kg)l

ISO-DIS PRO-A.DIS ISO-DIS PRO-A-DIS* *** **

1.2.3. 4.5.6.

7. 8.9. 10. 11.12.13.14.

15.16. 17.18.19.20. 21.22.23.24.25.26.27.

109210982334100526762188 1744101610171239 1754114315951135 1605104010451050105110522202105310611062248012591067

ACROLEINALLYL ALCOHOLALLYL AMINEAMMONIAANTIMONY HYDRIDEARSENIC HYDRIDE(STIBINE)BROMINECARBON MONOXIDECHLORINECHLORO METHYL ETHERCHLOROSULPHONIC ACIDCROTONALDEHYDEDIMETHYLSULPHATEETHYLENE CHLOROHYDRIDEETHYLENE DIBROMIDEETHYLENE OXIDEFLUORINEHYDROGEN CHLORIDEHYDROGEN CYANIDEHYDROGEN FLUORIDEHYDROGEN SELENIDEHYDROGEN SULPHIDEMETHYL AMINEMETHYL BROMIDEMETHYL ISOCYANATE NICKEL TETRACARBONYLNITROGEN DIOXIDE

274.245.745.745.7457457

457457274.245.7

45.745.745.745.7

45.745.7457182818289145745745.718245745745.7

48001280128032080008000

800080004800320

3203206401280

320128080003200320016008000800012803200800080001280

640012803200160080008000

800080008000640

3206406401280

320320080006400320048008000800048004800800080003200

285645.7162491457457

457457320045.7

45.745.745.745.7

45.7102545736561828273457457273273457457182

28.29.30.31.

32.

1831219013801670

1076

OLEUMOXYGEN DIFLUORIDEPENTA BORANEPERCHLOROMETHYLMERCAPTANPHOSGENE

45.745745745.7

457

640800080001280

8000

640800080001280

8000

45.745745745.7

457

30

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13. Conclusion

This module is based on the deviations observed in compliance of CMVR 1989 during transporting the hazardous chemicals on roads.

This module provides the information on various provisions of CMVR 1989. At the end of this module, trainees will be able to understand the various provisions of CMVR 1989.

The module is useful for following target groups:

EIP Hazchem codesAction to be taken during emergency

Traffic policeIndustriesTransportersEmergency managersFire fightersDrivers, etc.

31

33.34.35.36.37.38.39.

2199219410791829183115101836

PHOSPHINESELENIUM HEXAFLUORIDESULPHUR DIOXIDESULPHUR TRIOXIDESULPHURIC ACIDTETRA NITRO METHANETHIONYL CHLORIDE

45745718245.745.745.7274

8000800032006406406404800

80008000800064064012806400

45745745745.745.745.7365

* Isolation distance.** Protective - Action distance.

S.NO. ID NO. Name of Chemical Small Spil(250 Kg)

Large Spil(1000 Kg)l

ISO-DIS PRO-A.DIS ISO-DIS PRO-A-DIS* *** **

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Any unplanned, sudden event which causes or is liable to cause injury to people or damage to building, plant, material or the environment.

Result of a specific event. A formal written plan which, on the basis of identified potential

accidents together with their consequences, describe how such accidents and their consequences should be handled either on-site or off-site.

Evacuate means to move all people from a threatened area to a safer place. To perform an evacuation, there must be enough time for people to be warned, to get ready, and to leave an area. Generally, if there is enough time for evacuation, it is likely to be the best protective action.

An inherent property of a substance, agent, source of energy or situation having the potential of causing undesirable consequences.

An element, compound, mixture or preparation which, by virtue of chemical, physical or (eco) toxicological properties constitutes a hazard.

In-place protection means to direct people to quickly go inside a building and remain inside until the danger passes. When protecting people inside, direct them to close all doors and windows and to shut off all ventilating, heating and cooling systems. In-place protection is used when evacuating the public would cause greater risk than directing them to stay where they are, or when an evacuation cannot be performed. When inside, people must keep all windows and doors closed. In-place protection may not be the best option if the vapours are explosive, if it will take a long time for the gas to clear the area, or if the buildings cannot be tightly closed.

Isolate Hazard Area and Deny Entry means to keep everybody away from the area if they are not directly involved in emergency response operations. Unprotected emergency responders should not be allowed within the isolation area. This ‘Isolation” task is done first, to get control of a place to work. This is the first step for any protective action that follow.

Any unplanned, sudden event which causes or is liable to cause serious injury to people or damage to buildings, plant, material or the environment.

The likelihood that a considered occurrence will take place.The combination of a consequence and the probability of its occurrence.

This means movement of hazardous substances from one place to another by air, rail, road or water.

A person or an organisation engaged in the offsite transportation of a

hazardous substances by air, rail, road or water.

14. Glossary

Accident/Incidents:

Consequence:Emergency plan:

Evacuation:

Hazard:

Hazardous substances:

In-place protection:

Isolation:

Major accidents:

Probability: Risk: Transport :

Transporter:

33

“A guide to safe road transport of hazardous chemicals “, Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi, 1995.

The central motor vehicle rules, 1989 as amended till 2009.

15. References

34

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Notes

35

Notes

36