Co-authored by Juan Chacaltana, Florence Bonnet & Vicky Leung

Thematic Report

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Copyright © International Labour Organization 2019

First published (2019)

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The Youth Transition to Formality – International Labour Organization – Geneva: ILO, 2019

ISBN: 978-92-2-133667-9 (web pdf)

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Acknowledgements

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. iii

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1

The age formality profile ...................................................................................................................... 2

Causes and consequences: evidence from the School-to-Work Transition Surveys (SWTS). 6

Policy discussion ................................................................................................................................ 12

Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................... 17

References .......................................................................................................................................... 18

Annex ................................................................................................................................................... 19

1

Introduction

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2

77.157.9 69.8 57.1 58.7 61.2

22.942.1

30.242.9 41.3 38.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

Youth (1) 15-24

Adult (1)25-64

Youth (2)15-29

Adult (2)30-64

Adult(25+)

Total(15+)

Informal employment Formal employment

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3

The age formality profile

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3

3

4

5

6

Causes and consequences: evidence from the School-to-Work

Transition Surveys (SWTS)9

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8

Male Female Total

100 100 100 could not find wage work 29 31 30 greater independence 42 27 36 more flexible working hours 7 12 9 higher income level 13 10 12 required by family 7 14 10 other 3 5 4

could not find wage work 33 36 35 greater independence 36 26 31 more flexible working hours 7 9 8 higher income level 12 9 10 required by family 9 17 13 other 3 3 3

could not find wage work 23 18 22 greater independence 53 39 49

more flexible working hours 5 8 6 higher income level 12 12 12 required by family 7 18 10 other 0 4 1

could not find wage work 33 31 32 greater independence 31 20 26

more flexible working hours 10 22 15 higher income level 16 11 14 required by family 4 7 5 other 6 10 8

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12

Policy discussion

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10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

15-24 25-29 30-34 35-54 55-64 65+

Employment to population ratio Formality to population ration

Formal Employment

Informal Employment

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14

15

16

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Employment Earnings Formal employment Hours worked

Probability of positive impacts by outcome category - significant and not significant

Not significant positive Significant positive

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Conclusions

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References

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Annex

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