2Dev]Øn hnNmchpwDev]Øn hnNmchpwDev]Øn hnNmchpwDev]Øn hnNmchpwDev]Øn hnNmchpw

tKm{X-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpsS Pohn-Xm-Jym-\hpwtKm{X-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpsS Pohn-Xm-Jym-\hpwtKm{X-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpsS Pohn-Xm-Jym-\hpwtKm{X-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpsS Pohn-Xm-Jym-\hpwtKm{X-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpsS Pohn-Xm-Jym-\hpw

47

ss__nfnse BZy-]p-kvX-I-amWv Dev]Øn. bn{km-tb¬ P\-

k-aq-l-Øns‚ hnizm-k-Øn¬ thcp-d®v\n∂ ]c-ºcmKX hmbv-sam-gn-

k-¶-ev]-ßfpw `mh-\-Ifpw IY-Ifpw CXn¬ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. krjvSn-

IY, hne-°-s∏´ I\n, {]f-b-IY, _mt_¬ F∂nh CXn¬ {]m[m-\y-

a¿ln-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v tKm{X-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cmb A{_lmw, bnk-lm°v,

bmt°m_v, tbmtk^v F∂n-h-cpsSbpw tamsi-bp-sSbpw Po-hn-Xm-Jym-

\-ß--fn-eqsS bn{km-tb¬ tKm{X-Øns‚ X-e-ap-d-I-fpsS IY BJym\w

sNøp-∂p.

1. krjvSn-IY

temtIm-ev]-Øn-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ hn`n∂ Nn¥m-[m-c-Iƒ hniz-kw-kvIm-c-

ß-fpsS BZn-a-L-´-Øn¬Øs∂ cq]-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. {]]-©-sØbpw AXns‚

sshhn-[y-ß-sfbpw I≠v A¤p-X-kvXw-_v[-\mb a\p-jy≥ AXns‚ Dev]-

Øn-sb-∏‰n hyXykvX IY-Iƒ ]d-™p-h-∂p. hmbvsamgn ]mc-º-cy-Ønse

IY-]-d-®n-ens‚ bp‡n-`-{Z-X-sb-°mƒ AXns‚ hmNnI BJym-\-ß-fmWv

{it≤-b-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv.

48

krjvSn-IY ]pcm-hr-Ø-am-Wv. a\p-jy-kva-c-W-Iƒ-°vt]mepw apºv ]pcm-

hr-Ø-߃ cq]-∏-´n-´p-≠v. A¤pXw Df-hm-°p∂ a\p-jy-I-Y-I-fmWv sFXn-

ly-߃. AXn\v Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ]›m-Ø-e-ap-≠m-Ipw. a\p-jys‚ D¬∏-

Ønsb Ipdn-®p≈ ss__nƒ IY bYm¿∞ hnh-c-W-am-sW∂v A£-

cm¿∞-Øn¬ {InkvXp-aX hnizm-kn-Iƒ Icp-Xp-∂p. {]kn≤ \c-hwi

imkv{X⁄≥ Kok tdmlnw (Geeza Rohim) ]pcm-hr-Ø-sØbpw sFXn-

ly-sØbpw th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂p1.

bn{k-mtb¬ kaq-l-Øn¬ {]]-t©m¬]-Øn-sb-∏‰n ]d-™p-tI-´n-cp∂

IY-I-fpsS t{ImUo-I-c-W-amWv Dev]-Øn-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ BZy A[ym-

b-ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. “BZn-bn¬ ssZhw BIm-ihpw `qanbpw krjvSn-

®p.'' 2 CXv ss__n-fnse BZy-hm-Iy-am-Wv. krjvSnsb kw_-‘n-°p∂

a\p-jys‚ F√m tNmZy-߃°pw Cu hmIy-Øn¬ DØcw D≠v. {]]©w

krjvSn-°-s∏-´-XmWv ̨ F¶n¬ {kjvSmhv Bcv? AXv F∂p \S∂p? BZn-

bn¬ F∂ ]Zhpw ssZhw F∂ ]Zhpw F√m tNmZy-߃°pw DØ-c-am-

Ip-∂p. krjvSn-hn-h-cWw ss__n-ƒ BJym-\-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw {][m-\-

s∏´ H∂m-Wv.

D¬∏-Øn-]p-kvX-IsØ ]pcm-hr-Ø-ambn kmln-Xy-]-WvUn-X¿ Is≠-

Øp-∂p3.

Bdp-Zn-h-k-ß-fn-embn krjvSn-I¿Ωw ]q¿Øo-I-cn® ssZhw Ggmw

Znhkw hn{i-a-Øn\pw Bcm-[-\bv°pambn th¿Xn-cn-°p∂p.

49

“BZn-bn¬ ssZhw BIm-ihpw `qanbpw krjvSn-®p. `qan ]mgmbpw

iq\y-ambpw Ccp∂p; Bg-Øn≥aosX Ccpƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚

Bflmhv sh≈-Øn≥aosX ]cn-h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. shfn-®-ap-≠m-Is´

F∂v ssZhw Iev]n-®p. shfn®w D≠m-bn. shfn®w \√Xv F∂v ssZhw

I≠p; ssZhw shfn-®hpw Ccpfpw XΩn¬ th¿]n-cn-®p. ssZhw shfn-®-

Øn\v ]I-se∂pw Ccp-fn\v cm{Xn-sb∂pw t]cn-´p. k‘y-bm-bn, Dj- p-

ambn H∂mw Znh-kw.”4

AXnhn-im-e-amb Hcp `mh-\-bpsS ]mc-ay-amWv Cu BJym-\-Øn¬.

Akm-≤y-sa-∂p-tXm-∂p∂ Imcy-߃ km≤y-am-Ip-∂-Xmbn BJym\w

sNøp-∂p. hmb-\-°m-¿°v Ahniz-k-\o-b-amb Imcy-߃ hniz-k-\o-b-

amb coXn-bn¬ kw`-hy-am-°p-∂-Xm-bn-´mWv ChnsS BJym-\w. imkv{Xo-

b-amb kXy-߃ BIp-∂n-√m-sb-¶n¬t]mepw cN\mss\]p-Wyw-sIm≠v

AXns\ hniz-k-\o-b-am-°p∂ BJym\X{¥-amWv cN-bn-Xmhv kzoI-cn-

°p-∂-Xv.

{]]t©m-ev]-Øn-bp-ambn _‘n®v a\p-jy-a-\- n¬ F°m-ehpw \ne-

\n¬°p∂ tNmZy-߃°v Cu {]-Jym-]-\-ß-fneqsS DØcw \evIp∂p.

Cu {]]©w krjvSn-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. -ssZ-h-amWv {kjvSmhv. Znh-ksØ

]I-se∂pw cm{Xn-sb∂pw ssZhw th¿Xn-cn-°p∂p. shfn®w ssZh-Øns‚

Iev]-\-aq-e-amWv D≠m-b-sX∂pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

“ssZhw sh≈-ß-fpsS at[y Hcp hnXm\w D≠m-Is´; AXp sh≈-

50

Øn\pw sh≈-Øn\pw XΩn¬ th¿]n-cn-hm-bn-cn-°s´ F∂p Iev]n-®p.

hnXm-\-ap-≠m-°n-bn´v ssZhw hnXm-\-Øn\v Iogp≈ sh≈hpw hnXm-\-

Øn\v aosX-bp≈ sh≈hpw XΩn¬ th¿]n-cn®p; Aßs\ kw`-hn-®p.

ssZhw hnXm-\-Øn\v BIm-i-sa∂v t]cn-´p. k‘y-bmbn, Dj- p-ambn

c≠mw Znh-kw.”5

BImiw, `qan F∂- th¿Xn-cnhv Cu hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS hy‡-am-

°p-∂p.

“ssZhw BIm-i-Øn≥Io-gp≈ sh≈w Hcp ÿeØv IqSs´; DW-

ßnb \new ImWs´ F∂p Iev]n-®p. Aßs\ kw`-hn-®p. DW-ßnb

\ne-Øn\v ssZhw `qan-sb∂pw sh≈-Øns‚ Iq´-Øn\v kap-{Z-sa∂pw

t]cn-´p. \√Xv F∂v ssZhw I≠p. ̀ qan-bn¬\n∂v ]p√pw hnØp≈ kky-

ßfpw ̀ qan-bn¬ AX-Xp-Xcw hnØp≈ ̂ ew-Im-bv°p∂ hr£-ßfpw apf-

®p-h-cs´ F∂p ssZhw Iev]n-®p. Aßs\ kw`-hn-®p. `qan-bn¬\n∂v

]p√pw AX-Xp-Xcw hnØp≈ ^ew-Im-bv°p∂ hr£-ßfpw apf-®p-h∂p;

\√-sX∂v ssZhw I≠p.”6

hni-Z-amb BJym\w ChnsS Is≠Ømw. {]]-©-Ønse Hmtcm

hkvXp-°-sfbpw t]sc-SpØv ]d™v {Iam-\p-K-X-ambn krjvSn-°p-∂-

Xns‚ BJym\w hmb-\-°m¿°v Hcp hm‹b ZriysØ kwth-Z\w

sNøp-∂p.

Icbpw ISepw kky-Pm-e-ß-fpsS sshhn-[y-am¿∂ Ah-ÿbpw

51

ssZh-I-ev]n-X-amWv F∂ hnizmkw hmb-\-°m-c-\n¬ cqV-aq-eam--°m≥

Cu BJym\-X-{¥-߃ klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂p. A°m-eØv P\-߃°p-

≠m-bn-cp∂ Adn-hns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v ̀ mh\mk¶¬]-ßsf

hniz-k-\o-b-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p. AXv`p-X-ß-fpsS temIØv

AXv`pXw Bcpw B{K-ln-°p-∂p. bmYm¿∞y-a-√mØ ^m‚-kn-bn¬

kwXr]vXcmb hmb-\-°m-c-\n-¬ kz]v\hpw IYbpw H∂mIp∂ {]XoXn

P\n-∏n-°p-∂p.

“]Iepw cmhpw XΩn¬ th¿]n-cn-hm≥ BIm-i-hn-Xm-\-Øn¬ shfn-®-

߃ D≠m-Is´; Ah AS-bm-f-ß-fmbpw Imew, Znh-kw, kwh-’cw

F∂nh Xncn-®-dn-hm-\mbpw DX-Is´; `qansb {]Im-in-∏n-∏m≥ BIm-i-hn-

Xm-\-Øn¬ Ah shfn-®-ß-fm-bn-cn-°s´ F∂p ssZhw Iev]n®p; Aßs\

kw`-hn-®p.]I¬ hmtg-≠-Xn\v hen-∏-ta-dnb shfn-®hpw cm{Xn hmtg-≠-

Xn\v hen∏w Ipd™ shfn-®hpw Bbn c≠v henb shfn-®-ßsf ssZhw

D≠m-°n, \£-{X-ß-sfbpw D≠m-°n. `qansb {]Im-in-∏n-∏m\pw ]Iepw

cm{Xnbpw hmgp-hm\pw shfn-®-sØbpw Ccp-fn-s\bpw XΩn¬ th¿]n-cn-∏m-

\p-ambn ssZhw Ahsb BIm-i-hn-Xm-\-Øn¬ \n¿Øn; \√Xv F∂p

ssZhw I≠p. k‘y-bm-bn, Dj- p-am-bn, \memw Znh-kw.” 7

kqcy\pw N{μ\pw \£-{X-ßfpw a\p-jy-a-\- n¬ A¤pXw hnX-

®n-cp-∂p. ]I-en¬ shfn-®-Øn-\mbv kqcys\bpw cm{Xn-bn¬ shfn-®-Øn-

\mbn N{μ-t\bpw ssZhw krjvSn®p F∂Xv hniz-k-\o-b-amb IY-bmbn

52

ChnsS hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p.

“sh≈-Øn¬ Pe-P-¥p-°ƒ Iq´-ambn P\n-°s´; `qan-bpsS aosX

BIm-i-hn-Xm-\-Øn¬ ]d-h-PmXn ]d-°s´ F∂p ssZhw Iev]n-®p. ssZhw

henb Xnanw-K-e-ß-sfbpw sh≈-Øn¬ Iq´-ambn P\n®p Ncn-°p∂ AX-

Xp-Xcw Poh-P-¥p-°-sfbpw AX-Xp-Xcw ]d-h-Pm-Xn-sbbpw krjvSn®p;

\√Xv F∂p ssZhw I≠p. \n߃ h¿≤n®ps]cpIn kap-{Z-Ønse sh≈-

Øn¬ \nd-hn≥; ]d-h-PmXn `qan-bn¬ s]cp-Is´ F∂p Iev]n-®p. ssZhw

Ahsb A\p-{K-ln-®p. k‘y-bm-bn, Dj- p-am-bn, A©mw Znh-kw.”8

kap-{Z-Ønse a’y-k-ºØpw Ic-bnse arK-Pm-eßfpw ]£n-Ifpw

ssZhkrjvSn-sb∂ Iev]\ ssZh-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Hcp kaq-l-Øn\v

Dƒs°m-≈-Ø° coXn-bn-emWv BJym\w sNøp-∂-Xv.

“AX-Xp-Xcw I∂p-Im-en, Cg-Pm-Xn, Im´p-arKw Cßs\ AX-Xp-Xcw

Poh-P-¥p-°ƒ ̀ qan-bn¬\n∂v Df-hm-Is´ F∂p ssZhw Iev]n®p; Aßs\

kw`-hn-®p. Cßs\ ssZhw AX-Xp-Xcw Im´p-ar-K-ß-sfbpw AX-Xp-Xcw

I∂p-Im-en-I-sfbpw AX-Xp-Xcw `qNc P¥p-°-sfbpw D≠m°n; \√Xv

F∂v ssZhw I≠p. A\-¥cw ssZhw; \mw \ΩpsS kzcq-]-Øn¬ \ΩpsS

kmZriy-{]-Imcw a\p-jys\ D≠m-°pI; Ah¿ kap-{Z-Øn-ep≈ a’y-

Øn≥taepw BIm-i-Øn-ep≈ ]d-h-Pm-Xn-bn≥taepw arK-ß-fn≥taepw

k¿Δ-`q-an-bn¬taepw `qan-bn¬ Cg-bp∂ F√m Cg-Pm-Xnbnt∑epw hmgs´

F∂p Iev]n-®p. Cßs\ ssZhw Xs‚ kzcq-]-Øn¬ a\p-jys\ krjvSn-

53

®p. ssZh-Øns‚ kzcq-]-Øn¬ Ahsc krjvSn-®p, BWpw s]Æp-ambn

Ahsc krjvSn®p. ssZhw Ahs\ A\p-{K-ln-®p: \n߃ k¥m-\-]p-

jvSn-bp-≈-h-cmbn s]cpIn ̀ qan-bn¬ \nd™v AXns\ AS°n kap-{Z-Ønse

a’y-Øn≥taepw BIm-i-Ønse ]d-h-Pm-Xn-bn≥taepw kI-e-`qNc P¥p-

hn≥taepw hmgpho≥ F∂v Ah-tcmSv Iev]n-®p. Xm\p-≠m-°n-b-Xns\

Hs°bpw ssZhw t\m°n. AsX-{Xbpw \√Xv F∂p I≠p. k‘y-bmbn,

Dj- p-am-bn. Bdmw Znh-kw.” 9

k¿Δ-N-cm-Nc-ßsf krjvSn-®-ssZhw Ah-km-\-ambn a\p-jys\

krjvSn®v F√m-Øns‚ taepw Imcy-hn-Nm-c-IXzw \evIp∂psh∂ {]kvXm -

h\ a\p-jys‚ A[o-iXzw F√m-Øns‚taepw ÿm]n-°p-hm-\p≈ t_m[-

]q¿Δ-amb BJym\ {ia-amWv. Bh¿Øn®pw ]c-Øn-]-d™pw BJym\w

sNøp∂ coXn-bn-eqsS hmb-\-°mcn¬ hnizm-ksØ Dd-∏n-°p-I-sb∂

X{¥hpw Is≠Ømw.

Dev]-Øn-]p-kvXIw H∂mw A[ym-b-Ønse Znh-k-ß-fpsS BJym-\-

{Iaw Ir{Xn-a-Xz-kz-`m-h-ap-≈-Xm-sW-∂v {]kn≤ ss__nƒ ]WvUn-X≥

tUhnUv hn¬°n≥k¨ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ggp-Zn-hkw IqSp∂ Hcp

BgvN-sIm-≠mWv krjvSn-I¿Ωw \S-∂-sX-∂√ BJym-\-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ.

imkv{X-tc-J-bmbn krjvSn-hr-Øm-¥sØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂n-√10.

Hcp P\-k-ap-l-Øns‚ \mhn≥Xp-ºn¬ hmbvsamgn-bmbn \ne-\n-∂n-

cp∂ temtIm-ev]Øn IY-I-fpsS enJn-Xm-Jym-\-amWv Dev]Øn∏pkvX-I-

54

Øns‚ BZy`mKØv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. {]]-©-Øns‚ ta¬ ssZh-

Øn-\p≈ k¿Δm-[n-Im-csØ AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚

{]Jym-]-\-am-Wn-Xv. {]]-©-i-‡n-I-tfm-Sp-≈ -`bw {]]© {kjvSm-hn-

t\m-Sp-≠mb B{i-b-Øz-Øn-t‚bpw Bcm-[-\-bp-tSbpw Imc-W-am-bn-

Øo¿∂p

a\p-jys\ krjvSn®v GZ≥ tXm´-Øn-em-°nb ssZhw Ah-\p-

XpWbv°mbv Hcp kv{Xosb krjvSn®p \evIp-∂p.

"BI-bm¬ btlm-h-bmb ssZhw a\p-jy\v Hcp KmV-\n{Z

hcpØn; Ah-\p-d-ßn-b-t∏mƒ Ahs‚ hmcn-sb-√p-I-fn¬ H∂v FSpØv

AXn-\p- ]-Icw amwkw ]nSn-∏n®p. btlm-h-bmb ssZhw a\p-jy-\n¬

\ns∂-SpØ hmcn-sb-√ns\ Hcp kv{Xobm-°n, Ahsf a\p-jys‚ ASp-

°¬ sIm≠p-h∂p. At∏mƒ a\p-jy≥; CXv Ct∏mƒ Fs‚ AkvYn-

bn¬ \n∂v AkvYnbpw amwk-Øn¬ \n∂v amwkhpw BIp-∂p. Chsf

\c-\n¬\n∂v FSp-Øn-cn-°p-I-bm¬ Chƒ°p \mcn-sb∂p t]cm-Ip-sa∂v

]d™p'' 11

kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øns‚ th¿]n-cn-bm≥

]‰mØ Ahÿ “hmcn-sb√v” F∂ k¶-ev]-Øn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn-

°p-∂p. BZn-a-Im-e-L-´-Ønse ]p-cp-j-ta-[m-hn-Xz-Øns‚ kzm[o\w

Bhn-jvI-cn -°p-hm≥ Cu X{¥-Øn\v Ign -bp-∂p. ]pcp -j-t\m-

sSm∏a√msX kaq-l-Øn¬ kv{Xo°v AkvXnXzw C-√m-Xm-Ip-∂p.

55

hnim-e-amb `mh-\-bpsS {Iam-\p-K-X-amb BJym\hpw, hni-Zo-

I-cW kz`m-hh-pw Bh¿Ø\ coXnbpw Cu BJym-\-Øns‚ cN-\m-

in-ev]-Øn¬ Is≠-Øp∂p. imkv{X-⁄m\w P\-k-aq-l-Øn\v kp{Km-

ly-a-√m-Xn-cp∂ ImeØv F√m-Øn-s‚bpw {] -̀h-tI-{μ-ambn btlm-hsb

{]Xn-jvTn-®p≈ BJym-\-X{¥w kwth-Z-\sØ i‡-am-°p-∂p.

hmb-\-°m-cs\ bmYm¿∞y-tØmSv CW-°p∂ sSIv\n-°n-eqsS

krjvSn-hn-h-c-W-Øns‚ cN-\m-inev]w lrZyhpw kpμ-chpw BIp-∂p.

2. hne-°-s∏´ I\n

btlm-h-bm-b -ssZhw a\p-jy-t\mSp Iev]n-®Xp Fs¥-∂m¬

tXm -́Ønse kIe hr£-ß-fp-sSbpw ̂ ew \n\°p Xn∂mw. F∂m¬

\n߃ acn-°m-Xn-cn-t°-≠-Xn\v tXm -́Øns‚ \Sp-hn-ep≈ hr£-Øns‚

^ew Xn∂-cp-Xv. sXmSp-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. tXm´-Øn-se-Ønb ]mºv kv{Xosb

hio-I-cn®v hne-°-s∏´ I\n Xn∂p-hm≥ t{]-cn-∏n-®p.

"]mºv kv{XotbmSv; \n߃ acn-°-bn√ \n›bw; AXv Xn∂p∂

\mfn¬ \nß-fpsS IÆv Xpd-°bpw \n߃ \∑ Xn∑-Isf Adn-bp-∂-

h-cmbn ssZh-sØ-t∏mse BIp-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂v ssZhw Adn-bp-∂p -

F∂v ]d™p. B hr£^ew Xn∑m≥ \√Xpw Im◊m≥ `wKn-bp-

≈Xpw ⁄m\w {]m]n-°m≥ Imayhpw F∂v kv{Xo I≠v ̂ ew ]dn®p

Xn∂p, `¿Øm-hn\pw sImSpØp;Ah\pw Xn∂p.'’12

A\p-kcWt°Sv ImWn® Ahsc ssZhw tXm -́Øn\v ]pd-Øm-°n.

56

kv{Xosb ]m]-Øns‚ Nn”ambpw ]pcp-js\ kv{XoX{¥-Øn\p

hnt[-bs∏-´-h-\mbpw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

]mºv, kv{Xo, ]pcp-j≥, hr£-^ew F∂o Iev]n-X-I-Ym-]m-{X-

ß-fn-eqsS BJym\w sNøp∂ hne-°-s∏´ I\n-bpsS cN-\m-inev]w

km¿Δ-eu-In-I-am\w \nd-™p-\n-ev°p-∂p.

A°m-eØv kaq-l-Øn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ Im¿jnI kwkvIm--c-

sØbpw ]pcpj ta[m-hn-Xz-sØbpw km[q-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Cu cN\ hgn-

sbm-cp-°p-∂p. blqZ kaq-l-Øn¬ {]N-cn-®n-cp∂ Hcp ]mc-ºcy IY-

bm-WnXv. a\p-jy-s‚bpw {]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw krjvSn-sb-∏‰n \S-Øp∂

hni-Z-amb BJym\w DØpw-K-amb ̀ mh\Ifn-eqsS Xe--ap-d-I-fn-te°v

kwth-Z\w sNøp-∂p. krjvSmhns‚ B⁄ A\p-k-cn-°m-Ø-Xn\v

e`n® in£-sb kpμ-c-ambn Cu BJym-\-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p.

F√m-Øns‚bpw Ah-Im-in-bmb a\p-jy≥ Nne \nb-{¥-W-߃°pw

hnt[-b-\m-sW-∂p≈ ktμiw Cu BJym\w \¬Ip-∂p.

3. {]fb IY

BZn-]u-cm-WnI ImeØv temIsØ apgp-h≥ \in-∏n® Pe-{]-f-b-

sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ [mcW km¿Δ-{Xn-I-am-Wv. an° kwkvIm-c-ß-fnepw {]f-b-

I-Y-Iƒ Is≠-Ømw. _n.-kn. c≠mw kl-{km_vZ Bcw-`-Øn¬Øs∂

satkm-s∏m-Øm-ay-bn¬ {]f-b-I-Y-Iƒ°v {]Nmcw e`n-®n-cp-∂p. {]f-b-sØ-

°p-dn-®p≈ ]ucm-Wn-I-I-Y-Iƒ bn{km-tb¬ kaq-l-Øn¬ {]_-e-am-bn-

57

cp-∂p. satkm-s∏m-Øm-ay-bn¬\n-∂p≈ Ah-cpsS D¤h Hm¿Ω-Iƒ Ah-

cn¬ kPo-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. bn{km-tb-ens‚ Ncn-{Xm-\p-`-h-߃ km¿Δ-{Xo-I-

cn-°m-\p≈ DZy-a-Øn¬ ]pcm-X-\-bn-{km-tb-ey-cn¬ Nne-cpsSbnS-bn¬ {]Nm-

c-Øn¬ Ccp-∂-h-bmWv {]f-b-I-Y-t]m-se-bp≈ ]pcm-X\ ]›n-ta-jy≥

]mc-º-cy-߃. \mtSm-Sn-°-Y-I-fpsS ]mc-º-cyhpw Ah-cn¬ i‡-am-bn-

cp-∂p.

I\m≥ \m´n¬ Irjo-h-c≥am-cmbn IpSn-tb-dn-bn-cp∂ CS-b-h¿§-

°m-cmb bn{km-tb-ey-cpsS {][m\ Irjn ap¥n-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. a\p-jy-

h¿§-Øns‚ apØ-—-\mb t\ml I≠p-]n-Sn® ap¥n-cn-Ir-jnbpw AXns‚

kwkvIm-chpw kzoI-cn-°p-hm\pw ho™p-Ip-Sn-®m-ep-≠m-Ip∂ A]-I-S-sØ-

∏‰n t_m[-hm≥am-cm-Im\pw B \mtSm-Sn-°-Y-Iƒ klm-bn-®p. AanX aZy-

]m\w ssewKnI hogvN-bn-te°p \bn-°p-sa∂v ]pcm-X\ bn{km-tb-ey¿

Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p.

krjvSn-I-Ybv°p tijw {]f-b-I-Ybpw D¬]Øn ]pkvX-I-L-S-\-

bn¬ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. Xt±-iob P\-k-aq-l-Øn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ Hm¿Ω-

I-fnse sshhn-[y-ßfpw enJnX cq]-Øn¬ IS-∂p-h-∂p.

DXv]Øn 6:13 apX¬ 8:22 hscbp≈ hmIy-ß-fn¬ {]f-b-IY

BJym\w sNøp-∂p.

{]f-b-I-Y-bpsS LS\mkz`mhhpw ChnsS hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

58

{]f-b-Øns‚ Imc-Whpw ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-w

“ssZhw t\ml-tbmSp I¬∏n-®-sX-s¥-∂m¬ kIe PU-Øn-s‚bpw

Ah-km\w Fs‚ apºn¬ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. ̀ qan Ah-cm¬ AXn-{Iaw sIm≠v

\nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Rm≥ Ahsc ̀ qan-tbm-Sp-IqsS \in-∏n-°pw. \o tKm^¿

acw-sIm≠v Hcp s]´Iw D≠m-°p-I. s]´-I-Øn\v Ad-Iƒ D≠m°n

AIØpw ]pdØpw Io¬ tXt°-Ww. AXp D≠mt°≠Xv Fßs\

F∂m¬ s]´-I-Øns‚ \ofw ap∂q-dp-ap-gw, hoXn Aº-Xp-ap-gw, Dbcw

ap∏-Xp-apgw, s]´-I-Øn\p Infn-hm-Xn¬ D≠m-t°Ww. ta¬\n∂v Hcp apgw

Xmsg AXns\ hbvt°-Ww. Xmg-sØbpw c≠ma-sØbpw aq∂m-a-sØbpw

X´mbn AXns\ D≠m-t°-Ww. BIm-i-Øn≥ Iogn¬ \n∂v Poh-izm-k-

ap≈ k¿Δ-P-U-sØbpw \in-∏n-∏m≥ Rm≥ `qan-bn¬ Hcp Pe-{]-fbw

hcp-Øpw. ̀ qan-bn-ep-≈-sXm-s°bpw \in-®p-t]m-Ipw. \nt∂mtSm Rm≥ Hcp

\nbaw sNøpw. \obpw \ns‚ ]p{X-∑mcpw `mcybpw ]p{X-∑m-cpsS `mcy-

amcpw s]´-I-Øn¬ IS-t°-Ww. kIe Pohn-I-fn¬\n-∂pw, k¿Δ PU-

Øn¬ \n∂pw Xs∂, Cuc-≠o-c-≠ns\ \nt∂m-Sp-IqsS Poh-c-£-bv°m-

bn´v s]´-I-Øn¬ Ib-t‰-Ww. Ah BWpw s]Æpambn-cn-t°-Ww. AX-

Xp-Xcw ]£n-I-fn¬\n∂pw AX-Xp-Xcw arK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw `qan-bnse

AX-Xp-Xcw Cg-Pm-Xn-I-fn¬ \ns∂m-s°bpw Cuc-≠o-c≠p Poh-c-£-bv°m-

bn´v \ns‚ ASp-°¬ htc-Ww. \otbm kI-e-`-£W km[-\-ß-fn¬

\n∂pw th≠p-∂Xv FSpØp kw{K-ln®v sImt≈-Ww. AXp \n\°pw

59

Ahbv°pw Blm-c-am-bn-cn-t°-Ww.”13

{]f-b-Øn¬\n∂p c£-s]-Sm-\p≈ ap∂-dn-bn-∏v

“A\-¥cw btlmh t\ml-tbmSp I¬]n-®-sX-s¥-∂m¬ \obpw

k¿Δ-Ip-Spw-_-hp-ambn s]´-I-Øn¬ IS°, Rm≥ \ns∂ Cu Xe-ap-dbn¬

Fs‚ apºmsI \oXn-am-\mbn I≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ip≤n-bp≈ kI-e-ar-K-ß-

fn¬\n∂pw BWpw-s]-Æp-ambn Gtg-gpw, ip≤n-bn-√mØ arK-ß-fn¬ \n∂p

BWpw-s]-Æp-ambn Cuc-≠pw, BIm-i-Ønse ]d-h-I-fn¬\n∂p ]qh\pw

]nS-bp-ambn Gtggpw, `qan-bn-sem-s°bpw k¥-Xn-ti-jn-®n-cn-t°-≠-Xn\v

\o tN¿Øp-sIm-t≈-Ww. C\n Ggp-Zn-hkw Ign-™n´v Rm≥ `qan-bn¬

\m¬]Xp cmhpw \m¬]Xp ]Iepw ag-s]-øn-°pw. Rm≥ D≠m-°n-bn-´p≈

kIe Poh-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw `qan-bn¬ \n∂p \in-∏n-°pw. btlmh Xt∂m-

Sp-I¬]n® {]Imcsams°bpw t\ml sNbvXp.”14

{]f-b-hn-h-c-Ww

“`qan-bn¬ Pe-{]-fbw D≠m-b-t∏mƒ t\mlbv°v Adp∂qdp hb-

 m-bn-cp-∂p. t\mlbpw ]p{X-∑mcpw Ahs‚ ̀ mcybpw ]p{X-∑m-cpsS ̀ mcy-

amcpw Pe-{]-fbw \nanØw s]´-I-Øn¬ IS-∂p. ip≤n-bp≈ arK-ß-

fn¬\n∂pw ip≤n-bn-√mØ arK-ß-fn¬\n∂pw ]d-h-I-fn¬\n∂pw `qan-bn-

ep≈ Cg-Pm-Xn-bn¬\n-s∂m-s°bpw ssZhw t\ml-tbmSp I¬]n-®-{]-Imcw

Cuc-≠o-c≠v BWpw-s]-Æp-ambn t\ml-bpsS ASp-°¬ h∂p s]´-I -

Øn¬ IS-∂p. Ggp-Zn-hkw Ign-™-tijw `qan-bn¬ Pe-{]-fbw XpS-ßn.

60

t\ml-bpsS Bbp- ns‚ Adp-∂qdmw kwh-’-c-Øn¬ c≠mw-amkw ]Xn-

t\gmw Xob-Xn, A∂p-Xs∂ Bgn-bpsS Dd-hp-Iƒ Hs°bpw ]nf¿∂p.

BIm-i-Øns‚ Infn-hm-Xn-ep-Ifpw Xpd-∂p. \m¬]Xp cmhpw

\m¬]Xp ]Iepw `qan-bn¬ ag-s]-bvXp. A∂p-Xs∂ t\mlbpw t\ml-

bpsS ]p{X-∑m-cmb tiapw lmapw bms^Øpw t\ml-bpsS `mcybpw

Ahs‚ ]p{X-∑m-cpsS aq∂p `mcy-amcpw s]´-I-Øn¬ IS-∂p. Ahcpw

AX-Xp-Xcw Im´p-ar-K-ßfpw AX-Xp-Xcw I∂p-Im-en-Ifpw \neØp Cg-

bp∂ AX-Xp-Xcw Cg-Pm-Xn-bpw AX-Xp-Xcw ]d-h-Ifpw AX-Xp-Xcw ]£n-

Ifpw Xs∂, Poh-izm-k-ap≈ k¿Δ-P-U-Øn¬\n∂pw Cuc-≠o-c≠p t\ml-

bp-sS ASp-°¬ h∂p s]´-I-Øn¬ IS-∂p. ssZhw Ah-t\m-Sp-I¬]n-®-

Xp-t]mse AIØp IS-∂h k¿Δ-P-U-Øn¬\n∂pw BWpw s]Æp-ambn

IS-∂p. btlmh hmXn¬ AS-®p. `qan-bn¬ \m¬]Xp Znhkw Pe-{]-fbw

D≠m-bn. sh≈w h¿≤n-®p-. s]-´Iw s]mßn, \ne-Øp-\n∂p Db¿∂p.

sh≈w Hgp-In-Øp-S-ßn. sh≈w `qan-bn¬ AXy-[nIw s]mßn. BIm-i-

Øn≥ Iosg-ßp-ap≈ Db¿∂ ]¿Δ-X-ß-sfm-s°bpw aqSn-t∏m-bn. ]¿Δ-X-

߃ aqSp-hm≥ X°-hÆw sh≈w ]Xn-\-©p-apgw Ahbv°p aosX

s]mßn. ]d-h-Ifpw I∂p-Im-en-Ifpw Im´p-ar-K-ßfpw \neØp Cg-bp∂

F√m Cg-Pm-Xn-bp-ambn `qN-c-P-U-sam-s°bpw kIe a\p-jycpw NØp-

t]m-bn. Ic-bn-ep≈ kI-e-Ønepw aq°n¬ Poh-izm-k-ap-≈-sXm-s°bpw

NØp. `qan-bn¬ a-\p-jy\pw arK-ßfpw Cg-Pm-Xnbpw BIm-i-Ønse ]d-

61

h-I-fp-ambn ̀ qan-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ kIe Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw \in-®p-t]m-bn.

Ah `qan-bn¬ \n∂p \in-®p-t]m-bn. t\mlbpw Ah-t\m-Sp-IqsS s]´-I-

Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-hcpw am{Xw tijn-®p. sh≈w `qan-bn¬ \q‰-º-Xp-Zn-

hkw s]mßn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p.”15

{]f-b-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ tamN-\-I-Y -

“ssZhw t\ml-sbbpw Ah-t\m-Sp-IqsS s]´-I-Øn¬ D≈ kI-

e-Po-hn-I-sfbpw kI-e-ar-K-ß-sfbpw Hm¿Øp. ssZhw `qan-ta¬ Hcp Im‰v

ASn-∏n-®p. sh≈w \ne-®p. Bgn-bpsS Dd-hp-Ifpw BIm-i-Øns‚ Infn-

hm-Xn-ep-Ifpw AS-™p. BIm-i-Øp-\n∂p agbpw \n∂p. sh≈w CS-hn-

SmsX `qan-bn¬ \n∂p Cd-ßn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. \q‰-º-Xp-Zn-hkw Ign-™-

tijw sh≈w Ipd™p XpS-ßn. Ggmw-amkw ]Xn-t\-gmw-Xo-bXn s]´Iw

Acm-cØv ]¿Δ-X-Øn¬ Dd-®p. ]Ømw-amkw hsc sh≈w CS-hn-SmsX

Ipd-™p. ]Ømw-amkw H∂mw-Xo-bXn ]¿Δ-Xin-J-c-߃ ImWm-bn.

\m¬]-Xp-Zn-hkw Ign-™-tijw t\ml Xm≥ s]´-I-Øn\v D≠m-°n-bn-

cp∂ Infn-hm-Xn¬ Xpd-∂p. Ah≥ Hcp ae-¶m-°sb ]pd-Øp-hn-´p. AXp

]pd-s∏-´p-`q-an-bn¬ sh≈w h‰n-t∏m-b-Xp-hsc t]mbpw h∂pw sIm≠n-cp-

∂p. `qan-bn¬ sh≈w Ipd-™pthm F∂p Adn-tb-≠-Xn\v Ah≥ Hcp

{]mhn-s\bpw Xs‚ ASp-°¬\n∂p ]pd-Øp-hn-´p. F∂m¬ k¿Δ-`q-an-bnepw

sh≈w InS-°-sIm≠v {]mhp- Im¬sh-∏m≥ ÿew ImWmsX Ahs‚

ASp-°¬ s]´-I-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-h-∂p. Ah≥ ssI\o´n AXn-s\-]n-Sn®p

62

Xs‚ ASp-°¬ s]´-I-Øn¬ B°n.

Ggp-Zn-hkw Ign-™n´v Ah≥ ho≠pw B {]mhns\ s]´-I-Øn¬

\n∂p ]pd-Øp-hn-´p. {]mhp -ssh-Ip-t∂cØp Ahs‚ ASp-°¬ h∂p.

AXns‚ hmbn¬ AXm, Hcp ]® Hen-hn-e, AXn-\m¬ `qan-bn¬ sh≈w

Ipd™p F∂p t\ml Adn-™p. ]ns∂bpw Ggp-Zn-hkw Ign-™n´v Ah≥

B {]mhns\ ]pd-Øp-hn-´p. AXp-]ns∂ Ahs‚ ASp-°¬ aS-ßn-h-∂n-√.

Adp-\q-s‰m∂mw kwh-’cw H∂mw-amkw H∂mw-Xo-bXn `qan-bn¬ sh≈w

h‰n-t∏m-bn-cp-∂p. t\ml s]´-I-Øns‚ ta¬Ø-´p-\o-°n, `qXew DW-ßn-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂p I≠p, c≠m-wamkw Ccp-]-tØ-gmw-Xo-bXn `qan DW-

ßn-bn-cp-∂p.”16

{]f-b-Øns‚ tijn-∏n-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ h¿Æ-\ -

“ssZhw t\ml-tbmSp Acp-fn-s®-bvXXv, \obpw \ns‚ `mcybpw

]p{X-∑mcpw ]p{X-∑m-cpsS `mcy-amcpw s]´-I-Øn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-

hn≥. ]d-h-Ifpw arK-ßfpw \neØp Cg-bp∂ Cg-Pm-Xn-bp-amb k¿Δ-P-

UØn¬\n∂pw \nt∂m-Sp-IqsS Ccn-°p∂ kI-e-Po-hn-I-sfbpw ]pd-Øp-

sIm-≠p-h-cn-I, Ah `qan-bn¬ A\-h-[n-bmbn h¿≤n-°bpw s]‰p-s]-cp-Ip-

Ibpw sNø-s´. Aßs\ t\mlbpw Ahs‚ `mcybpw ]p{X-∑mcpw `mcy-

amcpw ]pd-Øn-d-ßn. kI-e-ar-K-ßfpw Cg-Pm-XnIƒ Hs°bpw F√m ]d-

hIfpw ̀ qN-c-ß-sfm-s°bpw PmXn-Pm-Xn-bmbn s]´-I-Øn¬ \n∂p Cd-ßn.

t\ml btlm-hbv°v Hcp bmK-]oTw ]Wn-Xp. ip≤n-bp≈ kI-e-

63

ar-K-ß-fnepw ip≤n-bp≈ F√m ]d-h-I-fnepw NneXp FSpØv bmK-]o-T-

Øn-t∑¬ tlma-bmKw A¿∏n-®p. btlmh kuc-`y-hm-k\ aW-Ø-t∏mƒ

btlmh Xs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ Acp-fn-s®-bvXp. Rm≥ a\p-jys‚ \nanØw

C\n ̀ qansb i]n-°-bn-√. a\p-jys‚ at\m-\n-cq-]Ww _meyw-ap-X¬ tZmj-

ap-≈Xp BIp-∂p. Rm≥ sNbvX-Xp-t]mse kI-e-Po-hn-I-sfbpw C\n

\in-∏n-°-bn-√.”17

krjvSn, -kw-lmcw Pohn-X-Øns‚ kpc-£n-X-amb apt∂‰w F∂n-

hsb hy‡-am-°p-∂-XmWv krjvSn-I-Y-Iƒ. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ apgph≥

hyh-ÿbpw \nb{¥n°p∂ AXoXi‡nsb AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ BJym-

\-ambn Ch amdp-∂p. I¿i-\-amb \nb-a-ßsf Bhn-jvIm-c-Øns‚ km[y-

X-I-fn¬ efn-X-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ncn-{X-Øns‚ hnhn-[-L-´-ß-fpsS

XpS¿®m-`w-K-ß-sf-sb√mw AXo-Po-hn-°p∂ BJym-\-X{¥w ChnsS cq]-

s∏-Sp-∂p-. ssZh˛a\p-jy-_-‘-Øns‚ XpS¿®-sbm-cp-°-en¬ BWv Cu

BJym-\-Xew \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. ssZhw˛a\p-jy-≥ F∂ k¶-ev]-Øns‚

Db¿® XmgvN _‘-ß-fpsS kq£va-amb ]cn-]m-e\w Ime-L-´-ß-fpsS

A¥-csØ AXo-Po-hn®v cN-\-bn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p-sh-∂Xv Cu BJym-

\-Øn¬ {it≤-b-am-Wv.

Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ PohnX Ime-Øn\v apºp-≠mb {]f-b-sa∂ \ne-

bn¬ Cu BJym-\-Ønse `mh\ DØpwKamb H∂mWv. Imcy-Im-c-W-k -

ln-X-ap≈ hni-Zamb BJym-\-am-Wv. {]]-©- krjvSnIYsb _e-s∏-Sp-

64

Øp∂ X{¥-amWv Cu D]-I-Y-bn¬ kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv. Poh-Pm-e-ß-fpsS

DXv`-hsØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ ]e-kn-≤m-¥-ß-sfbpw \njv{Inb-am-°p-hm≥

Cu BJym\-Øn\v Ign-bp-∂p. {]]-©-Ønse F√m hwi-ß-fp-sSbpw

\ne-\n¬∏ns‚ hn-i-Z-amb BJym\w \S-Øp∂ \m®p-d-e-ÃnIv X{¥-am-

Wn-hn-sS. Fs¥m-s°-bpt≠m AXns\ AXp-t]mse h¿Æn-°pI F∂-

XmWv Cu coXn. {kjvSm-hns‚ F√m krjvSn-I-fp-sSbpw \ne-\n¬]ns‚

A\n-hm-cy-Xbpw Hcp s]´-I-Øn¬ Hcpan®v Ign™ sFIyat\m-`m-h-

sØbpw {]Ir-Xnbpw Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw a\p-jy\pw ]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-am-sW-

∂p≈ ktμ-i-sØbpw Cu BJym\w kwth-Z\w sNøp-∂p.

ag-hn√v

ssZhhpw Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ DS-º-Sn-bpsS AS-bm-f-amWv

ag-hn-√v. AXv Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°p≈ AS-bm-f-am-Wv. Pohs‚ {]Xo-I-amb sh≈w

C\n Poh-Pm-e-ß-fpsS \mi-Øns‚ Imc-W-am-In-√m-sb∂v ssZhw Acp-fn-

s®-øp-∂p. ag-ta-L-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ ag-hn√v bn{km-tb¬ kaq-l-Øns‚

henb {]Xo-£-bpsS AS-bm-f-ambn amdn. ]q¿Δ-]n-Xm-hmb t\ml-bpsS

ImeØv D≠mb {]fb sISp-Xn-bn¬\n∂v e`n® tijn-∏n-s‚bpw c£-

bp-sSbpw Hm¿Ω ag-hn-√ns‚ Z¿i-\-Øn-eq-sS F°m-ehpw B P\-k-

aqlØns‚ Hm¿Ω-Isf Pzen-∏n-°p-∂p.

Imhy-mfl--I-amb Cu Z¿i\w km¿ΔImen -I-Xz -Øn-s‚bpw

km¿ΔtZio-b-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xo-I-am-Wv.

65

temtIm¬∏Øn BJym-\-߃ ]c-kv]c _‘n-Xhpw ]qc-I-hp-am-

Wv. P\-k-aq-l-Øns‚ hnizm-ksØ Dd-∏n-°p∂ ]mc-ºcy IY-I-fm-Wv.

bn{km-tb-ens‚ tKm{X-I-Y-sb∂ {][m\ IY-mtc-J-sb _e-s∏-Sp-Øp∂

D]-I-Ym-tc-J-I-fm-Wn-h.

4. _mt_¬

Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw ]Xn-s\m∂mw A[ymbw H∂p apX¬ H≥]Xp

hsc-bp≈ hmIy-ß-fn-emWv _mt_¬ tKm]p-c hrØm¥w BJym\w

sNøp-∂-Xv. CsXmcp kzX{¥ IY-bmWv. hnhn[ ̀ mj-I-fnepw kwkvIm-c-

ß-fnepw Pohn® P\-k-aqlw Xß-fpsS ]q¿Δ-Im-e-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-

Xmbn hniz-kn-°p∂ sFIy-`m-h-sØ -kva-cn-°p-hm≥ hmbvsam-gn-bn¬

kq£n-®-XmWv Cu IY.

“`qan-bn¬ Hs°bpw Htc `mjbpw Htc hm°pw Bbn-cp-∂p.”18 Cß-

s\-bmWv IY-bpsS XpS-°w.

Htc `mjbpw Htc ]Z-ßfpw hyh-l-cn-®n-cp∂ `q{]-tZ-i-sØ-bmWv

ChnsS `qan F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ]cn-Nn-X-amb {]tZiw am{Xw Dƒs°m-≈p-

∂-Xmbncp∂p `qan-bpsS hnime AXn-cp-Iƒ. CX-c-`m-j-Iƒ kwkm-cn-

°p∂hcp-ambn Xt±-io-b¿°v kwth-Z\ _‘-߃ C√m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-

cpsS temIw (`q-an) ]cn-an-X-amb hnkvXo¿Æ-Øn¬ HXp-ßp-∂p. at\m-`m-

hhpw ImgvN-∏mSpw k¶p-Nn-X-am-Ip-∂p. ̀ qan-bn-se√mw Hcp ̀ mj-bmWv P\w

kwkm-cn-®-sX∂v ChnsS A¿∞-an-√. H∂mw hmIy-Øns‚ A¿∞w ChnsS

66

]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂p.

“Ah¿ XΩn¬: hcp-hn≥ \mw CjvSnI AdpØv NpSpI

hcp-hn≥ \mw `qX-e-Øn¬ Hs°bpw NnX-dn-t∏m-Im-Xn-cn-∏m≥

Hcp ]´-Whpw BIm-i-tØmfw FØp∂ Hcp tKm]p-chpw ]Wn-I.

\ap°v Hcp t]cp-ap-≠m-°pI F∂v Ah¿ ]d-™p.”19

P\-k-aq-l-Øns‚ X\-Xmb hy‡nXzw ImØp-kq-£n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥

Ah¿ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv temIw apgp-h≥ NnXdn {]hm-kn-I-fm-bn-

Øo¿∂ blq-Z-cpsS Cu ]q¿ΔnI IY Ncn{X kmwKXyap≈-Xm-Wv. CXc

kaq-l-ß-fp-ambn kº¿°w Hgn-hm-°m≥ {ian® Ah-cn¬ Xß-fp-tS-sX√mw

]q¿Æhpw ka-{K--hp-am-sW∂ Al-¶mc Nn¥ Df-hm-bn.

Aam-\p-jnI IYm-]m-{X-ambn btlmh AhnsS FØn-t®-cp-∂p. Ah-

cpsS K¿Δn\p t\sc {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂p.-A-t∏mƒ btlmh :

“CXm P\w H∂v Ah¿s°√mh¿°pw `mjbpw H∂v.

CXpw Ah¿ sNbvXp XpS-ßp-∂p.

Ah¿ sNbvhm≥ \ncq-]n-°p-∂-sXm∂pw

Ah¿°v Akm-[y-am-I-bn-√.

hcp-hn≥ \mw Cd-ßn-s®∂v Ah¿ XΩn¬ `mj

Xncn-®-dn-bm-Xn-cn-∏m≥ Ah-cpsS `mj Ie-°n-°-fI

F∂-cp-fn-s®-bvXp.”20

XΩn¬ XΩn¬ kwth-Z\w \jvS-s∏-´-h-cmb P\w Nn∂n-°-s∏-´p.

67

k¿Δ-`q-an-bn-sebpw `mj AhnsS sh®v On∂-`n-∂-am-bn.

a\p-jys‚ X∂n-jvS-Øn-s‚bpw t]cpw {]i-kvXnbpw e`n-°m-\p≈

B{K-l-Øn-s‚bpw {]I-S-\-amWv _mt_¬ tKm]pc \n¿Ωn-Xn. `qan-bn¬

\n∂v apI-fn-tem´v (kz¿§-Øn-te-°v) Db-cp-hm-\p≈ shº¬ Ah-cpsS

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

a\p-jys‚ at\m-`m-h-tØmSp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-I-cWw Cu IY-

bn-eqsS hnh-cn-°p-∂p. ]c-kv]ckº¿°w kpK-a-a-√mØ hn[-Øn¬ ̀ mj-

bnepw kwkvIm-c-Ønepw hyXy-kvX-X-Iƒ ]pe¿Øp∂ hwi-ßfpw h¿§-

ßfpw DS-se-Sp-Øp. _mt_¬ BJym\w am\-h-N-cn-{X-K-Xn-bnse i‡-

amb Hcp Nn”amWv.

ss__nƒ CXn-hr-Ø-Øn¬ hyXykvX kwkvIm-c-ßfpw hwi-ßfpw

`mj-Ifpw N¿®-sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. ssZh-Øns‚ in£-aq-e-amWv hyXykvX

`mj-Iƒ D≠m-b-sX∂v P\w Icp-Xp-∂p-sh-¶nepw a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚

]ptcm-K-Xn°pw A`n-hr-≤n°pw Imc-W-ambn amdnb _mt_-ense NnX-dn-

°¬ ssZh-Øns‚ tkmt±-iy-]-c-amb CS-s]-S¬ Bbn BJym\w

sNøp-∂p.

ss__nƒ ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬ \mw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp∂ hwi-߃°pw

kwkvIm-c-߃°pw `mj-Iƒ°pw ]q¿ΔnI sFIyw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v

_mt_-ens‚ BJym\w hy‡-am-°p∂p.

_mt_¬ BJym\w ss__n-ƒ kw`-h-߃°v Hcp ]›m-Ø-e-sam-

68

cp-°p-∂p. bn{km-tb-ens‚ hmbvsamgn ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ D]-I-Ym-tc-J-I-

fn¬ H∂m-Wn-Xv. bn{km-tb¬ hwi-N-cn-X-Øns‚ F√m L´ßfnepw

btlmhbpsS CS-s]-S¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂ hnizm-khpw kwth-Z\w

sNøp-hm≥ Cu BJym-\w hgn-sbm-cp-°p∂p. P\-k-aq-l-Øns‚ kwth-

Z\ am¿§-amWv ̀ mj. kwth-Z\w XI¿Øm¬ P\-k-aqlw NnXdn-°-s∏Spw.

B NnX-dn-°¬ am\-hnI-X-bpsS hf¿®bv°v hgn-sbm-cp-°n-sb-∂v Cu

BJym\w kwth-Z\w sNøp-∂p.

a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ km¿h-{Xn-I-{]-iv\-ßsf Dev]-Øn-hn-Nm-c-

Øn¬ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂p. krjvSn-˛-ho-gvN-˛-{]-f-bw-˛-_m-t_¬ F∂n-h-

sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ BJym\w bn{km-tb-ens‚ Ncn-{Xm-\p-`-h-߃°v km¿Δ-

eu-In-I-am\w \¬Ip-∂p-sh∂v Uªn-bp.-Fw.-U-ªnbp tdmØv A`n-{]m-b-

s∏-Sp-∂p21.

tlXp-]-Zm¿∞-X-Xz-imkv{Xw (aetiology) Dev]-Ønbn¬ Gsd-bp≠v

F∂v tUm.-Un. _m_p-t]mƒ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. hcm-hp∂ tNmZy-ß-

fpsS DØ-c-ß-fm-bn-´mWv BJym-\w. F¥p-sIm≠v ̨ a\p-jy≥ Nnc-RvPo-

hn-b-√, hnb¿°msX A∏w Xn∂m≥ Ign-bmsX hcp-∂p, kv{Xo thZ-\-

tbmsS {]k-hn-°p-∂p, kv{Xo ]pcp-jm-I¿j-Ww, a\p-jy¿ hnhn[ `mj-

Iƒ kwkm-cn-°p∂p ˛ Ch-s°√mw Dev]-Øn-]pkvX-I-Øn¬ adp-]Sn ]d-

bp-∂p22.

69

5. A{_-lmay IY-Iƒ

F{_m-b-cpsS ]q¿Δn-Isc kw_-‘n-®v, AYhm A{_-lm-an-s\bpw

bnk-lm-°n-s\bpw ]‰n Z£nW ]e-kvXo-\nepw bmt°m-_n-s\bpw

tbmtk-^n-s\bpw ]‰n a[y-]-e-kvXo-\nepw bn{km-tb¬ tKm{X-ß-fp-sS-

bn-S-bnepw {]N-cn-®n-cp∂ IY-Ifpw sFXn-ly-ßfpw at\m-l-c-amb apØp-

am-e-bmbn Hcpan®v tN¿°-s∏-´p-≈-XmWv ss__nƒ BJym-\-߃ F∂v

tdmØv Uªn-bp.-Fw.-U-ªnbp ]d-bp-∂p23.

A{_-lm-ans‚ hnfn

bn{km-tb-ens‚ hwi-IY cq]w sIm≈p-∂Xv A{_lmw F∂ IYm-

]m-{X-Øn¬\n-∂m-Wv. A{_mw F∂m-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ BZy-Ime

t]cv. t\ml-bpsS hwi-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚ IÆn-bmbn A{_-lmans\

BJym\w sNøp-∂p.

t\mlbpsS ]p{X-\mb tians‚ hwi-]m-c-º-cy-Øn¬ tXc-lns‚

]p{X∑m-cmbn A{_mw, lmcm≥, \mtlm¿ F∂n-h¿ P\n-®p. lmcm≥ Xs‚

P∑-tZ-i-amb I¬Zmb Ducn¬sh®v acn-®p. tXclv ]p{X-\mb A{_m-an-

s\bpw Iq´n Ducn¬\n∂v I\m-\n-te°v bm{X ]pd-s∏-´p. hgn-at≤y Ah¿

lmcm-\n¬ Xma-kn-®p. AhnsSsh®v tXclv acn-®p. lmcm-\n¬sh®v ssZhw

A{_m-ans\ hnfn-°p-∂p. bn{km-tb-ey-cpsS tKm{X-]n-Xmhv F∂ ]Z-hn -

bn-te°v A{_mw \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´p.

70

“ssZhw A{_m-an-t\mSv Acp-fn-s®-bvX-sX-s¥-∂m¬; \o \ns‚ tZi-

sØbpw Nm¿®-°m-scbpw ]nXr-`-h-\-sØbpw hn´v ]pd-s∏´v Rm≥ \ns∂

ImWn-∏m-\n-cn-°p∂ tZi-tØ°v t]mI. Rm≥ \ns∂ hen-sbmcp PmXn-

bm°pw; \ns∂ A\p-{K-ln®v \ns‚ t]¿ hep-Xm°pw; \o Hcp A\p-{K-l-

am-bn-cn-°pw. \ns∂ A\p-{K-ln-°p-∂-hsc Rm≥ A\p-{K-ln-°pw. \ns∂

i]n-°p-∂-hsc Rm≥ i]n-°pw. \n∂n¬ `qan-bnse kIe hwi-ßfpw

A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-Spw.”24

A{_mw `mcy-bmb kmdm-bn-tbbpw ktlm-Z-c-]p-{X≥ temØn-

s\bpw kIe kºm-Zy-ß-sf-bpw, lmcm-\n¬ kºm-Zn® Bfp-I-sfbpw

Iq´n I\m≥ tZi-Øn-se-Øn. I\m≥ tZiØv Np‰n-\-S∂ A{_m-an\v ssZh-

{]-Xy-£X D≠m-bn;

- “\ns‚ k¥-Xn°v Rm≥ Cu tZiw sImSp-°p-sa∂v

Acp-fn-s®-bvXp.”25 -

bn{km-tb¬ Ncn-{X-Ønse {]Xo-£-bp-sSbpw hmKvZm\ km£m-

Xv°mcØn-s‚bpw {]Jym-]-\-amb Cu BJym\w {][m\ IYm-tc-J-

bm-Wv.

bn{km-tb-eys‚ BZy an{kbnw {]th-i\w

I\m≥ tZiØv £ma-ap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ A{_mw `mcy-tbmSpw a‰p

kwL-tØm-Sp-sam∏w an{k-boan-te°v t]mbn. an{k-boan¬sh®v kmdm-bn-

°p-≠mb A\p-`hw hfsc ̀ wKn-bmbn h¿Æn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]q¿ΔnI bn{km -

tbepw ]q¿ΔnI an{k-boapw ChnsS IYm-]m-{X-ß-fm-Wv.

71

“an{k-bo-an¬ FØp-am-dm-b-t∏mƒ Ah≥ Xs‚ ̀ mcy kmdm-bn-tbmSv

]d-™Xv : CXm, \o kuμ-cy-ap≈ kv{Xosb∂v Rm≥ Adn-bp-∂p. an{k-

bo-ay¿ \ns∂ ImWp-tºmƒ: Chƒ Fs‚ `mcy-sb∂v ]d™v Fs∂

sIm√p-Ibpw \ns∂ Poh-t\msS c£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. \o Fs‚ ktlm-

Zcn F∂p ]dbWw; F∂m¬ \ns‚ \nanØw F\n°v \∑ hcn-Ibpw

Rm≥ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Aßs\ A{_mw an{kbo-an¬ FØn-

b-t∏mƒ kv{Xo AXn-kp-μ-cn-sb∂v an{kbo-ay¿ I≠p. ^d-thms‚ {]`p-

°≥amcpw Ahsf I≠p, ̂ d-thms‚ apºmsI Ahsf {]iw-kn-®p. kv{Xo

^d-thms‚ Ac-a-\-bn¬ t]mtI-≠n-h-∂p. Ah-fpsS \nanØw Ah≥

A{_m-an\v \∑-sN-bvXp. Ah\v BSp-am-Sp -Ifpw B¨I-gp-X-Ifpw

Zmk≥am-cpw, Zmkn-am-cpw, s]¨I-gp-X-Ifpw H´-I-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

A{_m-ans‚ `mcy-bmb kmdmbn \nanØw btlmh ^d-thm-s\bpw

Ahs‚ IpSpw-_-sØbpw AXy¥w ZWvUn-∏n-®p. At∏mƒ ^d-thm≥

A{_m-ans\ hnfn®v: "\o Ft∂mSv Cu sNbvXXv F¥v? Chƒ \ns‚

`mcy-sb∂v Fs∂ Adn-bn-°m-™Xv F¥v? Ahƒ Fs‚ ktlm-Zcn F∂v

F¥n\v ]d™p? Rm≥ Ahsf `mcy-bm-bn-s´-Sp-∏m≥ kwKXn h∂p-t]m-

bt√m; Ct∏mƒ CXm, \ns‚ `mcy; Ahsf Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]mI' F∂p

]d-™p. ^dthm≥ Ah-s\-°p-dn®v Xs‚ Bfp-I-tfmSv Iev]n-®p. Ah¿

Ah-s\bpw Ahs‚ ̀ mcy-sbbpw Ah-\p≈ kI-e-hp-ambn ]d-™-b-®p''.26

Hcp \mtSmSn kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ BJym-\-am-Wn-hnsS. Poh-c-£-

72

bv°mbn ̀ mcysbt∏mepw ]Wbw shbv°p∂ A{_mans‚bpw Xs‚ ̀ mcym-

]-Zhn ^d-thms‚ ap∂n¬ Hfn-∏n-®p-sh-bv°p∂ kmdm-bnbpsSbpw Nn{Xo-

I-cWw A°m-esØ kv{Xo]p-cpj_‘-Øn-s‚bpw `mcym-`¿Ør-_-‘-

Øn-s‚bpw Xpd∂ Nn{Xo-I-c-W-am-Wv. kwL¿jtam kw`m-j-Wtam

C√mØ kw`hw, `¿Øm-hns‚ \n¿t±iw am\n®v as‰mcp ]pcp-j\v hnt[-

b-s∏-tS≠ kml-N-cy-Øn\v Iogvs∏-tS≠n hcp∂ kv{XoXzw Ch kmdm-

bn-eqsS shfn-hm-Ip-∂p.

]n¬°m-eØv £maw-aqew tbmtk-̂ ns‚ ktlm-Z-c≥am-cpsS t\Xr-

Xz-Øn¬ bn{km-tb¬ kaqlw an{k-boan-te°v {]th-in-®-Xns‚ ]q¿ΔnI

kqN\ ChnsS Is≠-Ømw. A`bw tXSn an{k-boan-se-Ønb ]q¿ΔnI

bn{k-mtb-ey-\mb A{_-lm-an\v D≠mb \jvS-s∏-S-ens‚ A\p-`-hw-

X-s∂-bmWv ]n¬°m-eØv bn{k-mtb¬ P\-k-aq-l-Øn\pw an{k-boan-ep-

≠m-b-Xv.

c≠p kμ¿`ß-fnepw btlm-h-bmb ssZhw CS-s]-Sp-∂p. A{_-

lm-ans‚ `mcy-bmb kmdm-bnsb ^d-thm\v kz¥-ambn sh®p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-hm≥ btlmh kΩ-Xn-®n-√. ZWvU-\-ß-fn-eqsS btlmh ̂ d-thm-t\mSv

kwkm-cn-®p. ]nev°m-eØv ]Øv _m[-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv ̂ d-thm-\n¬ \n∂v

tamsi-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ bn{k-mtb¬ P\-Xsb tamNn-∏n-®-Xv. BJym-

\-ß-fnse XmcXayw ChnsS Is≠-Ømw.

bn{km-tb-ens‚ kºq¿Æ hntam-N-\-sa∂ {][m\ IYm-tc-Jsb

73

i‡o-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp D]-I-Ym-tc-J-bm-Wn-Xv. bn{km-tbepw an{k-boapw

XΩn-ep≈ G‰p-ap-´¬ hnhn[ IYm-]m-{X--ß-fn-eqsS km[y-am-°p∂p. ChnsS

A{_mlmapw ^d-thm\pw XΩnep≈ A`n-ap-Jo-I-c-W-Øns‚ BJym-\-

am-Wv.

A{_-lm-ans‚ _en

hnizm-kn-I-fpsS ]nXmhmb A{_-lm-ans‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ t\cn´

henb ]co-£-W-amWv bnk-lm-°ns\ _en-I-gn-°m-\p≈ ssZhnI I¬]-

\. hnizm-k-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ am‰v Dc-I-√m-Ip∂ Cu A\p-`-h-Øn¬

A{_lmw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sm≥ ]mSn-√m-sb-∂Xv hnizm-k-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚bpw

kw`hw cNn® Fgp-Øp-Im-c-s‚bpw \n¿_-‘-am-bncp∂p. \mS-Io-bhpw

hnImc {]£p-_v[-hp-amb HcmJym-\-amWv ChnsS \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

ssZhnI I¬]-\-bp-≠m-bXv apX¬ A{_lmw A\p-`-hn® am\-

knI _en hmb-\-°m-c-\n-te°v ]I-cp-hm≥ cN-bn-Xmhv {ian-°p-∂p.

ssZhw A{_-lm-ans\ ]co-£n-®Xv Fß-s\-sb-∂m¬ A{_-lmta

F∂p hnfn-®-Xn\v ‘Rm≥ CXm’ F∂v Ah≥ ]d-™p. At∏mƒ Ah≥

‘\ns‚ aIs\, \o kvt\ln-°p∂ \ns‚ GI-Pm-X\mb bnk-lm-°ns\

Xs∂, Iq´n-s°m≠v tamdn-bm-tZ-i-ØvsN∂v AhnsS Rm≥ \nt∂mSv I¬]n-

°p∂ Hcp ae-bn¬ Ahs\ tlma-bmKw Ign° F∂v Acp-fn-s®-bvXp.

I¬]\ tI´ A{_lmw Hcp Btem-N-\bpw XS- hpw IqSmsX

AXv A\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-Ip-∂p. AXn-cm-hnse Xs∂ Fgp-t∂‰ v

74

bm{X-s°m-cp-ßp-∂p. F∂m¬ GI]p{Xs\ _en-I-gn-°m≥ bm{X-]p-d-s∏-

Spw-apºv Ah\v P∑w \¬Inb amXm-hmb kmd-tbm-Sp-t]mepw C°mcyw

]d-bp-∂n-√. s]‰Ω s]mdp-°n√ F∂ [mc-W-bmWv A{_-lm-ans\

Aßs\ t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv. A{_-lm-an-\pw, btlm-hbv°pw, cN-bn-Xm-hn\pw

hmb-\-°m¿°pw am{Xw Adn-bm-hp∂ _en-I-gn-°¬ clkyw bnk-lm-

°n¬ \n∂pw, IqsS bm{X-sNbvX sNdp-∏-°m-cn¬\n∂pw A{_lmw ad-

®p-sh-bv°p-∂p. bmK-Øn-\v Bh-iy-amb hndIv Igp-X-bpsS ]pdØv sI´n-

sh®v, aq∂v Zn\w \o≠ Im¬\-S-bm-{X-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv.

A{_lmw am{Xw Adn-bp∂ clkyw a\- n¬ HXp°n aq∂p-Zn-

hkw bm{X XpS¿∂p. bm{XbpsS Hmtcm \nan-jhpw aIs‚ _en ]q¿Øo-

I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]nXm-hns‚ a\- nse Xocp-am\w Adn-bmsX

IqsS\S-°p∂ ‘aIs‚ Nn{Xw’ hmb-\-°m-cpsS a\- n¬ krjvSn-°p∂

kwL-´\w Xo{h-am-Wv. bm{X-bpsS thf-bn¬ A{_lmw A\p-`-hn® am\-

knIthZ\ hmb-\-°m¿ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p.

aq∂mw Znh-kw, bmKw \S-Øm-\p≈ ÿew A{_lmw Zqcsh

I≠p. Igp-X-sbbpw sNdp-∏-°m-scbpw AhnsS \n¿Øn. hndIv bnk-lm-

°ns‚ Npa-en¬ B°n. IØnbpw Xobpw hln®v A{_lmw aI-t\m-

sSm∏w ae-bn-te°v Ib-dn. hmb-\-°m-scbpw ae-ap-I-fn-te°v Iq´n-s°m-

≠p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ cN-bn-Xm-hn\v Ign-bp-∂p. {]Xy-£-hXv°-c-W-sa∂ X{¥-

amWv cN-bn-Xmhv ChnsS kzoI-cn-®-Xv.

75

kz¥ Poh≥ _en-b¿∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ bmK-Øn-\mbn hndIpam-bmWv

bnk-lm°v ae-ap-I-fn-te°v \S-∂-Xv. ae-bpsS ASn-hmcwhsc B `mcw

hln-®n-cp-∂Xv `mc-hm-ln-bmb Igp-X-bm-Wv. a\p-jy\v Xmßm≥ Ign-bp-

∂-Xn¬ IqSp-X¬Bbn-cp∂p B `mc-w. ]nXmhpw aI\pw X\n-®m-b-t∏mƒ

aI≥ A{_-lm-an-t\mS v ‘A∏m’ F∂p hnfn-®p. ‘F¥m-Ip∂p aIt\’ F∂p

hnfn-tI-´p. ‘Xobpw hndIpw D≠v. F∂m¬ tlma-bm-K-Øn-\p≈ B´n≥Ip´n

Fhn-sS?’ aI≥ tNmZn-®p. ssZhw X\n°v tlma-bm-K-Øn-\p≈ Hcp

B´n≥Ip-´nsb t\m°n-sIm≈pw aI-t\ F∂p A{_lmw ]d-™p.

]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw XΩn-ep≈ Cu kw`m-jWw A¿∞-{]-Xo-I-ß-

fn-te°v hgn-am-dp-∂p. ssZhw bmK-Øn-\mbn Hcp-°p∂ B´n≥Ip´n Bsc-

bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

bnk-lm°v A∏m F∂p-hn-fn-®-t∏mƒ hmb-\-°m-cpsS a\- n¬ Adn-

bmsX Dcp-hn´ Hcp {]m¿∞-\-bp-≠v. AXv Cu h¿Æ-\-tbm-Sp≈ hmb-\-

°m-cs‚ {]Xn-[z-\n-bm-Wv. Im¬h-dn-bn¬ {InkvXp ‘]nXmth’ F∂p hnfn®v

{]m¿∞n-°p∂ hm°p-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-Wn-Xv.- \n-\° v ‘a\- p-s≠-¶n¬ Cu

]m\-]m{Xw F∂n¬ \n∂v \ot°-W-ta.’ BI-am-\-amb ss__nƒ hmb-

\sb i‡o-I-cn-°p∂ kwth-Z-\-£-a-X-bpsS BJym-\-am-{¥n-IX ChnsS

Is≠-Ømw.

A{_lmw aI-\n¬ \n∂v ssZh-I¬]\ Ct∏mgpw Hfn-®p-sh-bv°p-

∂p. tlma-bm-K-Øn-\p≈ B´n≥Ip´n Xm\m-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bmsX as‰mcp

76

B´n≥Ip-´nsb a\- n¬ I¬]n-®p-sIm-≠mWv aIs‚ bm{X. {]nb-a-I-

t\mSv kXyw ]d-bp-hm≥ hnXp-ºp∂ a\- p-ambn B ]nXm-hpw. kXy-a-dn-

bp∂ hmb-\-°m-cs‚ a\- n¬ _en-bpsS Xo{h-s\m-º-c-߃.

bmsXmcp {]Xn-I-c-W-tam, {]Xn-tj-[tam IqSmsX bnk-lm°v

]nXm-hns‚ CjvS-Øn\v hnt[-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. _en-]o-T-Øn¬ ASp-°nb hnd-

In-t∑¬ ]p{Xs\ ssIIm-ep-Iƒ _‘n®v InS-Øn. _‘n-°-s∏-SmØ

\mhn-s‚bpw a\- n-s‚bpw IÆn-s‚bpw DS-a-bmb bnk-lm-°ns‚ \ni-

_vZX hmb-\-°m-cn-epfhm-°p∂ hmNm-eX Gsd-bm-Wv.

]p{Xs\ _en-I-gn-°m≥ IØn-bp-b¿Ønb A{_-lm-ans\ ssZhnI

amemJ XS-bp-∂p. ‘_mes‚ ta¬ ssIsh-bv°-cp-Xv.’ Ah-t\mSv H∂pw

sNø-cp-Xv. \n‚ GI-Pm-X-\mb aIs\ Xcp-hm≥ \o aSn-°mbv-I-sIm≠v

\o ssZhsØ ̀ b-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ Adn-bp-∂p, F∂p Ah≥

Acp-fn-s®-bvXp. Ip‰n-°m-´n¬ sImºp-S°n InS-∂n-cp∂ B´n≥Ip-´nsb

I≠ A{_lmw AXns\ ]p{X\p ]Icw _en-b¿∏n-®p.

tlma-_-en-°p≈ B´n≥Ip-´nsb ssZhw IcpXpw F∂ ]nXm-hns‚

aI-t\m-Sp≈ adp-]-Sn-bpsS s]mcpƒ ChnsS shfn-hm-Ip-∂p.

_en {]bm-W-Øns‚ BZy-\n-an-j-Øn¬ Xs∂ A{_lmw aIs\

ssZh-Øn\v \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. B _en-bn¬ {]km-Zn® ssZhw bnk-lm-

°ns‚ Poh≥ kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cp-∂p. AXns‚ Zriy-h-XvI-

c-W-amWv ae-ap-I-fn¬ \S-∂-Xv. B k¥-Xnsb BIm-i-Ønse \£-{X -

77

߃t]m-sebpw IS¬°-c-bnse aW¬t]m-sebpw AXy¥w h¿≤n-∏n-

°-W-sa∂pw i{Xp-°-fpsS ]´-W-ßsf ssIh-i-am-°p-sa∂pw \ns‚ k¥-

Xn-aqew ̀ qan-bn-ep≈ kIe PmXn-Ifpw A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw ssZhw

A{_-lm-an-t\mSv Acpfns®-bvXp.

ae-bn¬ \n∂v Xncn-®n-d-ßnb A{_lmw, ImØp-\n∂ _mey-°m-

tcm-sSm∏w bm{X-sN-bvXp. ‘\n߃ Igp-X-bp-ambn ChnsS Ccn-∏n≥ Rm\pw

_me\pw Ahn-Sw-hsc sN∂v Bcm-[\ Ign™v aS-ßn-h-cm -’sa∂p ]d-

™n-´mWv A{_lmw t\csØ ae-I-b-dn-b-Xv.

Bcm-[\ Ign™v aS-ßn-h-cp-∂Xv aI-t\m-sSm∏ambn-cn-°p-sa∂

hnizmkw A{_-lm-an-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm F∂ kwi-b-Øn\v {]k-‡n-

bn-√. _en-I-gn-t°-≠n-h-∂mepw aIs\ Poh-t\msS XncnsI \¬Ip-hm≥

ssZh-Øn\v Ign-bp-sa∂v A{_lmw hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. kmdm-tbm-tSm,

_mey-°m-tcm-tSm, bnk-lm-°n-t\mtSm X\n°v e`n® I¬]-\-sb-∏‰n ]d-

bm-Xn-cp-∂-Xns‚ Imc-Whpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-Imw.

]nXm-hns‚ ]≤-Xn-{]-Imcw ]p{Xs\ _en-I-gn-°-bpw, ]p{X≥ ac-

W-Øn\v AXo-X-\mbn amdp-Ibpw sNbvX {InkvXp-_-en-bpsS \ng-embn

bnk-lm-°ns‚ _ensb Is≠-Ømw. _en-]oTw Xøm-dm-°m-\p≈ hndIpw

hln®v ae-apI-fn-te°v bnk-lm°v \S-Ønb bm{X ac-°p-cnipw hln®v

{InkvXp Im¬h-dn-bn-te°v \S-∂-Xns‚ kam-¥c tcJm-Nn-{X-ambn

BJym\w sNøp-∂p. a\p-jys‚ hy‡nPohn-X-Øns‚ kºØv, _‘ -

78

߃, kwkvImc hn\n-a-b-߃ Ch-bn-te-°mWv A{_-lm-ans‚ Pohn-X-

I-Y-bneqsS BJym-\-X{¥w {]th-in -°p-∂-Xv. ]nXm]p{X_‘w,

`mcym`¿Ør_-‘w XpS-ßnb LS-I-ßsf BJym\w {]iv\-h¬°-cn-

°p-∂p.

_en-]o-T-Øn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øp-h∂ A{_-lm-ans\ am\-h-kaql-

Øns‚ c£m-]-≤Xn Gev]n-°p-∂p. ‘\o Fs‚ hm°p A\p-k-cn-®-Xp-

sIm≠v \ns‚ k¥Xn apJm-¥cw ̀ qan-bn-ep≈ kI-e-Pm-Xn-Ifpw A\p-{K-

ln-°-s∏-Spw.’ bnk-lm-°ns‚ _en-bn-eqsS a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ A\p-{K-

l-Øn\v ]mX-sbm-cp°nbXmbpw AXns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cWw tbip{InkvXp-

hns‚ Im¬h-dn-bnse _en-bn-eq-sS- km[y-am-Ip∂-Xmbpw BJym\w sNø-

s∏-Sp∂p. ÿnc-kz-`m-hn-bmb Hcp IYm-]m-{X-ambn A{_-lm-ans\ Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°p-∂p. kw`m-j-W-ß-sfbpw {Inb-I-sfbpw hmb-\-°m¿°v A\p-I-

cn-°-Ø° coXn-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ ana-knk cq]-Øn-

eq≈ BJym-\-ambn CXns\ Is≠Ømw27. hmb-\-°m-c\v I¨ap-∂n¬

Xs∂ A\p-`-h-߃ \S-°p-∂-Xmbn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p. bnk-lm°v Chn-

sS-sbmcp hnizmk IYm-]m-{X-am-Wv. BJym-\-Ønse kw`m-j-W-ßfpw

{Inb-Ifpw hmb-\-°m-c-\n¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw th≠n-bm-sW-∂p≈

tXm∂¬ krjvSn-°p-hm≥ cN-bn-Xm-hn\v Ign-™n-´p-≠v.

‘Xobpw hndIpw D≠v. F∂m¬ tlma-bm-K-Øn-\p≈ B´n≥Ip´n

Fhn-sS?’ F∂ aIs‚ tNmZyw hmb-\-°m-c-\n-te°v kwL-´-\mfl-I-amb

79

kwth-Z\w \S-Øp-∂p. \mS-Io-b-sa-¶nepw hniz-k-\o-b-amb Hcp BJym-

\-amWv ChnsS \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xv. A{_-lm-an-eq-sS-bp≈ Bfl-I-Ym-]m-

{X-h-evI-cWw At±-l-Øns‚ hy‡n-Xz-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ shfn-hm-°p-∂p.

Ck-lm-°ns‚ A\y-I-Ym-]m-{X-h-evI-c-W-Øn-eqsSbpw A{_-lm-ans‚

kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ hy‡-am-Ip-∂p28.

H‰-s∏´ Hcp IYm-kw-`-h-a-√, adn®v ss__nƒ CXn-hr-Ø-ß-fn¬

tIm¿Øp-In-S-°p∂ _en-hr-Øm-¥-am-Wn-Xv. Xs‚ GI-Pm-X-\mb ]p{Xs\

Im¬h-dn-bn¬ bmK-am-bn-Xo-cp-hm≥ ]nXm-hmb ssZhw Hcp-°n-b-Xns‚ \ng-

embn A{_lm-ans‚ _en-]p-cmWw sXfn-™p-\n¬°p-∂p. ss__nƒ

ktμ-i-Øns‚ AI-s∏m-cpƒ Cu ]pcmW-m-Jym\Øn¬ \nd-™p-\n¬

°p-∂p.

bnk-lm-°ns‚ `mcysb Is≠-ج

bnk-lm-°n\v ̀ mcysb tXSn-bp≈ bm{Xm-hn-h-cWw lrZy-amb Hcp

BJym-\-am-Wv.

Xs‚ B{K-l-{]-Im-c-ap≈ Hcp h[p-hns\ aI-\p-th≠n At\z-jn-

°p-∂-Xn\v A{_lmw Hcp Zmks\ Is≠-Øp-∂p. `h-\-Ønse G‰hpw

{]mbw-Iq-Snb Bfpw kI-e-Øn-s‚bpw Imcy-ÿ-\p-amb hy‡n-sb-bmWv

CXn-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-®-Xv. Zmk-s\-s°m≠v kXyw sNøn-®n-´mWv A{_lmw

ZuXyw Gev]n-®-Xv.

“\ns‚ ssI Fs‚ XpS-bpsS Iogn¬sh®v kXyw sNøp-hm≥

80

A{_lmw B Zmk-t\mSv ]d-™p.”29 -

“Np‰pw ]m¿°p∂ I\m-\y-cpsS I\yIamcn¬\n∂v \o Fs‚ aI\v

`mcy-sb-sb-Sp-°msX Fs‚ tZiØpw Fs‚ Nm¿®-°m-cpsS ASp-°epw

sN∂v Fs‚ aI-\mb bnk-lm-°n\v ̀ mcy-sb-sb-Sp-°p-sa∂v kz¿§-Øn\pw

`qanbv°pw ssZh-amb btlm-h-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ Rm≥ \ns∂-s°m≠v

kXyw sNøn-°pw.”30

kz¥w kaq-l-Øn¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ ]p{X-`m-cysb Is≠-ØpI F∂Xv

A{_-lm-ans‚ Xmev]-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p.

“Zmk≥ Ah-t\mSv : ]t£ kv{Xo°v Ft∂m-Sp-IqsS Cu tZi-

tØ°v hcp-hm≥ a\- ns-√-¶ntem? \o hn´p t]mIp∂ tZi-tØ°v Rm≥

\ns‚ aIs\ aS-°n-s°m≠p t]mI-Wtam F∂v tNmZn®p”31

A{_lmw Xs‚ hnizmkw {]Jym-]n-°p-I-bm-Wv.

“Fs‚ ]nXr-`-h-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw P∑-tZ-iØv \n∂pw Fs∂

sIm≠p-h-∂-h\pw Ft∂mSv Acp-fn-sN-bvX-h\pw \ns‚ k¥-Xn°v Rm≥

Cu tZiw sImSp-°p-sa∂v Ft∂mSv kXyw sNbvX-h-\p-ambn kz¿§-Øns‚

ssZh-amb btlmh Fs‚ aI\v \o Hcp `mcysb Ahn-sS-\n∂v sIm≠p-

h-cp-hm≥ X°-hÆw \n\°p apºmbn Xs‚ ZqXs\ Ab°pw. F∂m¬

kv{Xo°v \nt∂mSv IqsS hcp-hm≥ a\- n-s√-¶n¬ \o Cu kXy-Øn¬

\n∂v Hgn™n-cn-°pw. Fs‚ aIs\ Ahn-tS°v aS-°n-s°m≠v t]mIpI

am{Xw Acp-Xv.”32

81

\ne-]mSpw Dd∏pw hy‡-am-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS A{_-lm-

ans\ ÿnc kz`mhIYm-]m-{X-ambn cN-bn-Xmhv BJym\w sNøp-∂p.

hy‡-amb \n¿t±iw \¬In-bmWv A{_lmw Zmks\ ]d-™-b-

°p-∂-Xv. Zmk≥ hnizm-ky-I-Ym-]m-{X-ambn33 Cu D]-I-Ym-c-N-\-bn¬ \nd-

™p-\n-ev°p-∂p.

bP-am-\s‚ ]Øv H´-I-hp-ambn Zmk≥ ]pd-s∏-´p. hnhn[ kΩm-\-

ßfpw Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. \mtlm-dns‚ \K-c-Øn¬ FØn, \K-c-Øn\v ]pdØv

InW-‰n≥Ic-bn¬ H´-I-ßsf \n¿Øn.

XpS¿∂v s]Æns\ Is≠-Øp-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn® \ymbw hni-Zo-I-

cn-°p-∂p. “CXm Rm≥ InW-‰n-∂-cnsI \nev°p-∂p. Cu ]´-W-°m-cpsS

I\y-I-am¿ sh≈w-tIm-cp-hm≥ hcp-∂p. \ns‚ ]m{Xw Cd°n F\n°v

IpSn-∏m≥ XtcWw F∂v Rm≥ ]d-bp-tºmƒ: IpSn°; \ns‚ H -́I-߃°pw

IpSn-∏m≥ sImSp-°m-sa∂p ]d-bp∂ kv{XoXs∂, \o \ns‚ Zmk-\mb

bnk-lm-°n\v \nb-an-®-h-fm-bn-cn-°-s´.”34 Zmks‚ Bfl-K-X-am-bn-́ mWv Cu

BJym\w \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

Cu Xmev]cyw ]d-™p-Xo-cpw-apsº A{_-lm-ans‚ ktlm-Z-c≥

\mtlm-cns‚ `mcy an¬°-mbpsS aI≥ s_Yp-th-ens‚ aIƒ dns_°m

tXmfn¬ ]m{X-hp-ambn h∂p. _me AXn-kp-μ-cnbpw ]pcp-j≥ sXmSmØ

I\y-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p; Ahƒ InW-‰n-en-dßn ]m{Xw \nd®v Ib-dn-h-∂p.

Zmk≥ thK-Øn¬ Ahsf FXn-tc-‰p-sN-∂p. ‘ \ns‚ ]m{X-Ønse sh≈w

82

Ipsd F\n°v IpSn-∏m≥ Xtc-W-sa∂v ]d-™p. bP-am-\s\ IpSn° F∂v

Ahƒ ]d-™p. thKw ]m{Xw ssIbn¬ Cd°n Ah\p IpSn-∏m≥ sImSp-

Øp.’ Ah\v IpSn-∏m≥ sImSp-Ø-ti-jw, \ns‚ H´-I-߃°v th≠p -

thmfw Rm≥ tImcn-s°m-Sp°mw’ F∂p ]d-™p. ]m{X-Ønse sh≈w

thKw sXm´n-bn-sem-gn®v ]ns∂bpw tImcn-s°m-≠p-h-cp-hm≥ InW-‰n-te°v

HmSn-bn-d-ßn. Ahs‚ H´-I-Øn\v F√mw tImcn-s°m-Sp-Øp”.35

InW-‰n≥I-c-bnse Cu s]Æp-Im-W¬ h¿Æ\ lrZy-am-Wv. blq-

Zy-bnse I\y-Im-k-¶-ev]hpw Im¿jnI kwkvIm-chpw arK-Pm-e-ß-tfm-

Sp≈ Icp-Xepw CXn¬ hy‡-am-Wv.

\o≠ ImØn-cn-∏n-\p-ti-j-amWv bnk-lm-°n\v ]nXm-hm-Im≥ Ign-

™-Xv. dns_-°m-bpsS K¿`-Øn¬ Cc-´-Iƒ Dcp-hm-bn. K¿`-Øn¬sh-®p-

Xs∂ Ah¿ a√n-´p. amXmhv ssZh-tØmSv C°mcyw DW¿Øn-®-t∏mƒ

ssZhw \¬Inb adp-]Sn `mhnkw`-h-߃°v Nq≠p-]-e-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

“ c≠p PmXn-Iƒ \ns‚ K¿`-Øn-ep-≠v.

c≠p hwi-߃ \ns‚ DZ-c-Øn¬\n-∂p- Xs∂ ]ncnbpw

Hcp hwiw at‰-hw-i-Ønepw i‡n-s∏Spw

aqØ-h≥ Cf-b-hs\ tkhn-°pw”.

P∑w-Xs∂ Hcp kw`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p.

“ H∂m-a-Ø-h≥ Nph-∂-h-\mbn ]pd-Øp-h-∂p.

Ahs\ Gimhv F∂p t]cn´p

83

]ns∂ Ahs‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ ]pd-Øp-h∂p

Ahs‚ ssI Gim-hns‚ IpXn-Im¬ ]nSn-®n-cp-∂p.

Ah\v bmt°m_v F∂v t]cn-´p”.36

hw-i-I-Y-bpsS ap≥Iq¿ Xøm-sd-Sp∏v BJym\w sNøp∂ cN-\m-in-

ev]-am-Wn-hn-sS.

tPyjvTm-h-Imiw X-´n-sb-SpØ bmt°m_v

P∑w sIm≠v Gimhv t\Snb tPyjvTm-h-Im-isØ X´n-sb-Sp-°p∂

bmt°m-_ns‚ BJym-\-amWv Dev]Øn Ccp-]-Øn-tbgmw A≤ym-b-Øn¬.

bn{km-tb¬ tKm{X-Øns‚ ]nXm-hmb bmt°m_v ]q¿Δ-]n-Xm-°-

fpsS ]´n-I-bn¬ {][m-\n-bm-Wv. bn{km-tb-en¬ ]{¥≠v tKm{X-ß-fp-sSbpw

D¤hw bmt°m-_n¬\n-∂m-Wv. ]q¿Δn-Im-\p-{K-l-Øn\v D≠m-bn-cp∂ XS-

 -sØ bmt°m_v AXn-Po-hn-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂p. bn{km-tb¬ tKm{XIY-

bpsS XpS-cm-Jym-\-Øn\v A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp∂ kw`-h-ß-fpsS BJym-\-

amWv ChnsS \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

bnk-lm°v aqØ-a-I-\mb Gim-hns\ A\p-{K-ln-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-

°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ]{¥≠v tKm{X-߃°pw ]n∂oSv ]nXm-hmbn Xo¿∂

bmt°m-_n\v B A\p-{Klw e`n-t°-≠Xv bn{k-mtb¬ tKm{X-Øns‚

hf¿®°v A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. X\n°v A\p-{Klw e`n-°m≥th≠n

Ah≥ sNøp∂ bXv\-ßsf X´n-∏mtbm NXn-bmtbm IW-°m-°m≥ Ign-

bn√.

84

bnk-lm°v Gim-hns\ A\p-{K-ln-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p. Gim-

hnt‚Xv tcmam-hr-X-amb ico-c-am-Wv. ImgvN-i‡n \jvS-s∏´ ]nXm-hns‚

apºn¬ B´n≥Ip-´n-bpsS tXm¬sIm-≠v ico-c-am-k-Iew s]mXn-™n-´mW v

bmt°m_v ]nXm-hns‚ ASp-°¬ FØn-b-Xv. Bƒam-dm-´-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv

bmt°m_v ]nXm-hns‚ A\p-{Klw tXSn-b-Xv. ]nXm-hn\v kzmZn-jvT-amb

th´-bn-d®n \¬Ip-hm≥ th≠n Gimhv t]mb Ah-kcw t\m°n B´n-

d®n cpNn-{]-Z-ambn ]mI-s∏-SpØn bmt°m_v ]nXm-hns‚ A\p-{Klw t\Sn.

kzcw bmt°m-_n-t‚-Xm-sW-¶nepw icocw Gim-hn-s‚ -Xs∂ F∂p Icp-

Xn-bmWv ]nXmhv A\p-{Klw \¬In-b-Xv. ssIIƒ tcma-\n-_n-U-am-bn-cp-

∂-Xn-\m¬ `£-Whpw ho™pw tkhn-®n´v ]nXmhv A\p-{Klw \¬In.

]nXm-hn-s‚-b-SpØv FØnbGimhv h©n-°-s∏-´-h-\mbn Xncn-sI-t∏m-cp-

∂p. bnk-lm°v bmt°m-_n\v \¬Inb A\p-{K-l-߃ Cßs\ tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øp∂p

“ CXm Fs‚ aIs‚ hmk-\. btlmh A\p-{K-ln-®n-cn-°p∂ hb-

ense hmk-\-t]m-se. ssZhw BIm-i-Øns‚ a™pw `qan -bpsS

]pjvSnbpw A\-h[n [m\yhpw ho™pw \n\°v Xcp-am-dm-Is´; hwi-߃

\ns∂ tkhn-°s´; PmXn-Iƒ \ns∂ hW-ßs´; \ns‚ ktlm-Z-c≥am¿°v

\o {]`p-hm-bn-cn°mw; \ns‚ amXm-hns‚ ]p{X≥am¿ \ns∂ hW-ß-s´.

\ns∂ i]n-°p-∂-h≥ F√mw i]n-°p-∂-h≥; \ns∂ A\p-{K-ln-°p∂-h-

sc√mw A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-´-h≥. ]nXm-hns‚ A\p-{Klw {]m]n-®p-sIm≠v

85

bmt°m_v t]mbn-°-gn-™-tijw Gimhv aS-ßn-sb-Øn.”37

th´-bn-d-®n-bp-ambn ]nXm-hns‚ ASp-sØ-Ønb Gim-hn-t\mSv bnk-

lm-°ns‚ kw`m-j-W-Øns‚ BJym\w {it≤-b-am-Wv .

“ Ahs‚ A∏ -\mb bnk-lm°v : \o B¿ F∂v tNmZn-®-Xn\v:

Rm≥ \ns‚ aI≥, \ns‚ BZy-PmX≥ Gimhv F∂v Ah≥ ]d-™p.

At∏mƒ bnk-lm°v AXy¥w {`an®p \Sp-ßn : F∂m¬ th´-tXSn Fs‚

ASp-°¬ sIm≠p-h-∂Xv B¿? \o hcpw-apsº Rm≥ kI-eXpw Xn∂v

Ahs\ A\p-{K-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah≥ A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-´-h-\p-am-bn-cn-

°p∂p F∂p ]d-™p. h©n-X-\mb Gimhv Xt∂-°qSn A\p-{K-ln-°-

W-sa∂v ]nXm-hn-t\mSv Ic-™p-]-d-s™-¶nepw bmt°m-_n\v \¬Inb

]q¿Δn-Im-\p-{K-lhpw tPyjvTm-h-Im-ihpw Xncn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn-√.38

bnk-lm°v DØ-c-am-bn´v Ah-t\mSv ]d-™Xv.

“ \ns‚ hmkw ̀ qan-bnse ]pjvSn-Iq-Sm-sXbpw aosX BIm-i-Ønse

a™p-Iq-Sm-sXbpw Ccn-°pw. \ns‚ hmfp-sIm≠v \o D]-Po-hn-°pw. \ns‚

ktlm-Z-cs\ \o tkhn-°pw. \ns‚ sI´v Agn-™p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ \o

Ahs‚ \pIw Igp-Øn¬\n∂v IpS-™p-I-f-bpw. ktlm-Z-c-t\m-Sp≈ ]I-

aqØv bmt°m-_ns\ sIm√p-sa∂v Gimhv ]d™ hm°v tI´ dns_°m

bmt°m-_ns\ ktlm-Z-c≥ em_m-s‚-b-Sp-tØ°v ]d-™-b-®p. bn-k-lm°v

bmt°m-_ns\ A\p-{K-ln®v bm{X-b-b-®p. Ah-t\mSv B⁄m-]n-®X v. \o

86

I\m-\y-kv{Xo-I-fn¬\n∂v ̀ mcysb FSp-°-cpXv. \ns‚ AΩ-bpsS ktlm-

Z-c-\mb em_ms‚ ]p{Xn-am-cn¬\n∂v \n\°v Hcp ̀ mcysb FSp-°mw. k¿Δ-

i-‡-\mb ssZhw \ns∂ A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw \o P\-k-aq-l-ambn Xoc-

Ø-°-hÆw \ns∂ k¥m-\-]p-jvSn-bp-≈-h-\mbn s]cp-°p -Ibpw ssZhw

A{_-lm-an\p sImSp-ØXpw \o ]c-tZ-in-bmbn ]m¿°p-∂-Xp-amb tZiw

\o ssIh-i-am-t°-≠-Xn\v A{_-lm-ans‚ A\p-{Klw \n\°pw \ns‚

k¥-Xn°pw Xcn-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-I-s´''.39

A{_-lm-an¬\n∂pw bnk-lm-°n-eqsS e`n® ssZhnI A\p-{Klw

Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te°v ]I-cp∂ IYm-]m-{X-ambn bmt°m-_ns\ cN-bn-Xmhv Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

bmt°m_v ktlm-Z-cs‚ h[-`o-jWn `b∂v AΩ-bpsS ktlm-Z-

c-\mb em_ms‚ ho´n-te°v HmSn-t∏m-Ip∂ thf-bn¬ Hcp kz]v\w ImWp-

∂p.

“Ah≥ Hcp kz]v\w I≠p: CXm `qan-bn¬ sh®n-cn-°p∂ Hcp

tKmthWn; AXns‚ Xe kz¿§-tØmfw FØn-bn-cp∂p; ssZh-Øns‚

ZqX≥am¿ AXn≥ta¬IqSn Ib-dp -Ibpw Cd-ßp-I-bp -am -bn -cp -∂p.

AXn≥aosX btlmh \n∂v Acp-fn-s®-bvXXv: Rm≥ \ns‚ ]nXm-hmb

A{_-lm-ans‚ ssZh-hpw, bnk-lm-°ns‚ ssZh-hp-amb btlmh

BIp∂p; \o InS-°p∂ ̀ qansb Rm≥ \n\°pw \ns‚ k¥-Xn°pw Xcpw.

\ns‚ k¥Xn `qan-bnse s]mSn-t]m-se-bmIpw; \o ]Sn-™m-tdm´pw Ing-

87

t°m´pw hS-t°m´pw sXt°m´pw ]c-°pw. \o apJm-¥-nchpw \ns‚ k¥Xn

apJm-¥nchpw `qan-bnse kI-e-hw-i-ßfpw A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-Spw. CXm

Rm≥ \nt∂m-Sp-Iq-sS-bp≠v; \o t]mIp-t∂-S-sØm-s°bpw \ns∂ ImØv

Cu cmPy-tØ°v \ns∂ aS-°n-h-cp-Øpw.”40

Xs‚ ]nXm-hmb bnk-lm-°n-\p-th≠n A{_lmw Hcp s]¨Ip-

´nsb I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ {ian-®- hnh-c-W-Øn\v kam-\-amWv bmt°m-_n-s‚

`mcysb tXSn-bp≈ bm{XbpsS BJym-\Øns‚ cN-\m-in-ev]hpw.

tbmtk-^ns‚ an{kbnw {]th-i\w

bn{km-tb¬ P\-X-bpsS an{k-bow (-Cu-Pn-]vXv) {]thiw Ncn-{X-

bm-Ym¿∞y-am-Wv. Hcp IpSpw-_-Øns‚ XpS¿°-Y-I-fn-eqsS Hcp P\-k-aq-

l-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw BJym\w sNøp-∂p.

bn{km-tb¬ P\-X-bpsS ]q¿Δ-]n-Xm-hmb bmt°m-_ns‚ ]{¥≠v

a°-fn¬ Hcp-h-\mbncp∂p tbmtk-^v. ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-

\m-bn-´mWv tbmtk-^ns\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]nXm-hmb bmt°m-_n\v

ssZh-I¬]n-X-ambn e`n® ̀ mcy-bmb dmtl-en¬ P\n® aI-\mWv tbmtk-

^v. ]nXm-hn\v a‰p- ̀ m-cy-am-cmb _nevlm-bp-sSbpw knev]m-bp-sSbpw ]p{X-

∑m-tcm-sSm∏w tbmtk^pw BSp-Isf tabv°p-hm≥ t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

a‰p- ]p-{X-∑m-tc-°mƒ tbmtk-^ns\ bmt°m_v kvt\ln-®n-cp-∂p.

AXns‚ {]I-S-\-ambn \of≥ssI Dff Hcp A¶n Ah\v Xbv∏n®v sImSp-

Øp. Xß-tf-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ tbmtk-^ns\ ]nXmhv kvt\ln-°p-∂p-sh∂v

88

a\- n-em-°nb ktlm-Z-c¿ Ahs\ shdp-Øp. kwkm-cn-°p-hm≥ t]mepw

Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√.

C°meØv tbmtk^v c≠p kz]v\-߃ I≠p. I≠ kz]v\-߃

tbmtk^v ktlm-Z-c-∑m-tcmSpw ]nXm-hn-t\mSpw hni-Zo-I-cn-®p. Ah-cpsS

{]Xn-I-c-Whpw ChnsS BJym\w sNøp-∂p.

kz]v\w H∂v

“Rm≥ I≠ kz]v\w tI´p-sImƒhn≥, \mw hb-en¬ I‰-sI-´n-

s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ Fs‚ I‰ Fgp-t∂‰v \nh¿∂p-\n-∂p. \nß-fpsS

I‰-Iƒ Np‰pw-\n∂v Fs‚ I‰sb \a-kvI-cn-®p. CXp tI´ ktlm-Z-c-

∑m¿ Ah-t\mSv \o Rß-fpsS cmPm-hm-Iptam? \o Rßsf hmgptam?

F∂p ]d™p.”41

kz]v\w c≠ v v

“Rm≥ ]ns∂bpw Hcp kz]v\w I≠p. kqcy\pw N{μ\pw ]Xn-

s\m∂p \£-{X-ßfpw Fs∂ \a-kvI-cn®p F∂p ]d-™p. Cu kw`hw

A∏-s\bpw ktlm-Z-c-scbpw Adn-bn-®-t∏mƒ A∏≥ Ahs\ imkn-®p.

\o Cu I≠ kz]v\w F¥v? Rm\pw \ns‚ AΩbpw \ns‚ ktlm-Z-c-

∑mcpw kmjvSmwKw hoWv \ns∂ \a-kvI-cn-∏m≥ hcptam? Ahs‚ ktlm-

Z-c-∑m¿°v Ah-t\mSv Akqb tXm∂n.”42

H∂masØ kz]v\-Øns‚ A¿∞w ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS adp-]-Sn-bn-

eqsSbpw c≠mw kz]v-\-Øns‚ A¿∞w ]nXm-hns‚ adp-]-Sn-bn-eq-sSbpw

89

hmb-\-°m¿°v e`n-°p∂ cN\minev]-am-Wn-hn-sS.

titJ-an¬ BSns\ tabn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS t£am-

t\z-j-W-Øn-\mbn tbmtk-^ns\ ]nXm-hmb bmt°m_v Ab-bv°p-∂p.

titJ-an¬ FØnb tbmtk v̂ hgn-t]m-°-cn¬\n∂v ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ AhnSw

hn´v tZmYm-\n-te°v t]mbn-sb-∂-dn-™p. tbmtk^v ktlm-Z-csc tXSn

tZmYm-\n-se-Øn.

tbmtk-^ns\ I≠v Akqb ]q≠ ktlm-Z-c¿ Ahs\ sIm√p-

hm≥ `mhn-s®-¶nepw Hcp-h-\mb cqt_s‚ A`n-{]mbw am\n®v Ahs‚

\ne-b¶n Ducn-sb-Sp-Øn´v Ahs\ Hcp s]m´-°n-W-‰n-te°v X≈n-bn-´p.

XpS¿∂v AXp-hgn h∂ bnivam-tb-ey¿°v tbmtk-^ns\ Ccp]Xv

sh≈n-°m-in\v hn‰p. Ah¿ tbmtk-^ns\ an{k-bo-an-te°v sIm≠p

-t]m-bn.

ktlm-Zc-∑m¿ Hcp tImem-´p-sIm-‰s\ sIm∂v tbmtk-^ns‚ A¶n

AXns‚ c‡-Øn¬ ap°n. B A¶n A∏-s‚-b-SpØv sImSp-Ø-b-®p. CXv

Xs‚ aI≥ tbmtk-^ns‚ A¶n-X-s∂-b-√tbm F∂p tNmZn®p AXv

Xncn-®-dn-™p. aIs‚ hntbmKw Dƒs°m≠v bmt°m_v hfsc ZpxJn-®p.

an{k-b-oan¬ FØnb tbmtk-^ns\ ^d-thms‚ DtZym-K-ÿ-\pw

AI-º-Sn-\m-b-I\pamb t]mØo-^-dn\v hn‰p.

bn{km-tb¬ Ncn-{X-Ønse \mgnI°√mb tbmtk-^ns‚ an{kbow

{]th-i-\-Øn-\p≈ apJm-¥-c-amWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw 37˛mw A[ym-b-

90

Øn¬ BJym\w sNøp-∂-Xv. Hcp IpSpw_ IY hwi-I-Y-bpsS ]›m-Ø-

e-am-bn-am-dp-∂ cN-\m-in-ev]-am-WnXv. tbmtk v̂ F∂ hy‡n-bpsS an{kbow

{]th-i-\-Øn-eqsS ]pXnb Hcp P\-k-aq-l-Øns‚ km∂n-≤y-Øn\v XpS-

°-an-Sp-∂p.

bn{km-tb¬ P\-k-aqlw an{k-bo-an¬ A\p-`-hn® ]oU-\-Øns‚

\ng-embn an{k-bo-an-se-Ønb c≠mw -bn-{km-tb-ey-\mb tbmtk-^n\v ]oU-

\hpw ImcmKr-l-hm-khpw A\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-∂p. B kw`hw cN-bn-Xmhv

ChnsS hnh-cn-°-p∂p.

IYm-K-Xn-bn¬ Hcp kw`hw as‰mcp kw`-h-Øn\v Imc-W-ambn amdp-

∂p. IY-bpsS BI-am\ KXn-bn¬ Hmtcm kw`-h-ß-fpw IÆn tIm¿°p-I-

bmWv. hni-Z-amb BJym-\-amWv cN-bn-Xmhv ChnsS sNøp-∂-Xv.

“t]mØo-̂ ¿ Ahs\ Krl-hn-Nm-c-I-\m-°n, X\n-°p-≈-sXm-s°bpw

Ahs‚ ssIbn¬ G¬]n-®p. ...........-tbmt-k^v tIma-f\pw at\m-lc-

cq]nbpw Bbn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v bP-am-\s‚ `mcy tbmtk-^n-t∑¬ IÆp-

]-Xn-®p. Ft∂mSp IqsS ibn° F∂p ]d-™p. Ah≥ AXn\v kΩ-Xn-

°msX bP-am-\s‚ `mcy-tbmSv CXm ho´n¬ Fs‚ ssIh-i-ap≈

bmsXm∂pw Fs‚ bP-am-\≥ Adn-bp-∂n-√. X\n-°p-≈-sXm-s°bpw Fs‚

ssIbn¬ G¬]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ho´n¬ Ft∂-°mƒ hen-b-h-\n-√. \o

Ahs‚ `mcy-bm-I-bm¬ \ns∂-b-√msX a‰p bmsXm∂pw Ah≥ F\n°p

hntcm-[n-®n-´p-an-√. AXp-sIm≠v Rm≥ Cu alm-tZmjw {]h¿Øn®p ssZh-

91

tØmSv ]m]w sNøp-∂Xv Fß-s\-sb∂p ]d-™p. Ahƒ Zn\w {]Xn

tbmtk-^n-t\mSv ]d-™n´pw Ah-tfm-Sp-IqsS ibn-∏mt\m Ah-fpsS

AcnsI Ccn-∏mt\m Ah≥ Ahsf A\p-k-cn-®n-√.

Hcp Znhkw Ah≥ Xs‚ {]hrØn sNøp-hm≥ ho´n-\-I-Øp-sN -

∂p. ho´n-ep-≈-h¿ Bcpw AhnsS C√m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahƒ Ahs‚ hkv{Xw

]nSn®p Ft∂mSp IqsS ibn° F∂p-]-d-™p. F∂m¬ Ah≥ Xs‚

hkv{Xw Ah-fpsS ssIbn¬ hnt´®v ]pd-tØ°v HmSn-°-f-™p. Ah≥

hkv{Xw Xs‚ ssIbn¬ hnt´®v ]pd-tØ°v HmSn-t∏mbn F∂p I≠-

t∏mƒ Ahƒ ho´n-ep-≈-hsc hnfn®v Ah-tcmSv It≠m, \sΩ lmky-am-

t°-≠-Xn\v Ah≥ Hcp F{_m-bs\ sIm≠p-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah≥ Ft∂m-

Sp-IqsS ibn-t°-≠-Xn\v Fs‚ ASp-°¬ h∂p. F∂m¬ Rm≥ Dds°

\ne-hn-fn-®p. Rm≥ Dds° \ne-hn-fn-®-Xp-tI-´-t∏mƒ Ah≥ Xs‚ hkv{Xw

Fs‚ ASp-°¬ hnt´®p HmSn-s∏m-bv°-f™p F∂p ]d-™p. bP-am-\≥

ho´n¬ hcp-thmfw Ahƒ B hkv{Xw Xs‚ ]°¬ sh®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.

Ah-t\mSv Ahƒ AΔÆw Xs∂ kwkm-cn-®p.

tIm]w ]q≠ bP-am-\≥ tbmtk-^ns\ cmPm-hns‚ _≤-∑m¿ InS-

°p∂ Imcm-Kr-l-Øn¬ C´p.

Ipsd-\mƒ Ign™v an{kbow cmPm-hns‚ ]m\-]m-{X-hm-l-I-∑m-cpsS

{]am-Wnbpw A∏-°m-cpsS {]am-Wn-bp-amb c≠p DtZym-K-ÿ-∑m-scbpw

92

AtX Imcm-Kr-l-Øn¬ AS-®p. tbmtk^v Ah¿°v Imcm-Kr-l-Øn¬

ip{iqj sNbvXp. Hcp Znhkw hnjm-Z-`m-h-Øn-en-cp∂ Ah-tcmSv tbmtk^v

ImcWw Xnc-°n-b-t∏mƒ R߃ I≠ kz]v\w hymJym-\n-®p-X-cp-hm≥

Bcp-an√ F∂p ]d-™p. tbmtk^v Ah-tcmSv kz]v\-hym-Jym\w ssZh-

Øn-\p≈X√tbm, AXv Ft∂mSv ]d-hn≥ F∂p ]d-™p. At∏mƒ ]m\ -

]m-{X-hm-l-I-∑m-cpsS {]amWn tbmtk-^ns\ Xs‚ kz]v\w Adn-bn®p”43

kz]v\w aq∂ v

“Fs‚ kz]v\-Øn¬ CXm Fs‚ apºn¬ Hcp ap¥ncn h≈n. ap¥n-

cn-h-≈n-bn¬ aq∂v sImºv; AXv Xfn¿Øp ]qØp; Ipe-I-fn¬ ap¥n-cnß

]gpØp. ^d-thms‚ ]m\-]m{Xw Fs‚ ssIbn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p; Rm≥

ap¥n-cn-∏gw ]dn®p ^d-thms‚ ]m\-]m-{X-Øn¬ ]ngn-™p; ]m\-]m{Xw

^d-thms‚ ssIbn¬sIm-Sp-Øp.”44

hymJym\w

tbmtk^v Ah-t\mSv ]d-™Xv “AXns‚ A¿∞w CXm-Ip-∂p.

aq∂v sImºv aq∂p-Zn-h-kw. aq∂p-Zn-h-k-Øn-\Iw ^d-thm≥ \ns∂ ISm-

£n-®p, ho≠pw \ns‚ ÿm\Øv B°pw. \o ]m\-]m-{X-hm-l-I-\mbn

apºn-esØ ]Xn-hp-t]mse ^d-thms‚ ssIbn¬ ]m\-]m{Xw sImSp-

°pw.”45

kz]v\w \me v

A∏-°m-cpsS {]amWn CXp tI´n´v:

93

“Rm\pw kz]v\-Øn¬ Fs‚ Xe-bn¬ shfpØ A∏-ap≈ aq∂v

Ip´ I≠p. taesØ Ip´-bn¬ ^d-thms‚ hI A∏-Ø-c-߃ Hs°bpw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]£n-Iƒ Fs‚ Xe-bnse Ip´bn¬ \n∂v Ahsb Xn∂p-

I-f™p F∂p ]d-™p.”46

hymJym\w

“AXn\v tbmtk^v: AXns‚ A¿∞w CXm-Ip-∂p: aq∂p-Ip´ aq∂p-

Zn-hkw. aq∂p-Zn-h-k-Øn-\Iw ^d-thm≥ \ns‚ Xe-sh´n \ns∂ Hcp ac-

Øn-t∑¬ Xq°pw; ]£n-Iƒ \ns‚ amwkw Xn∂p-I-fbpw F∂p DØcw

]d-™p. ”47

km£m-XvI-cWw

aq∂p-Zn-hkw Ign™v ̂ d-thm≥ Xs‚ Xncp-\m-fn¬ Ahs‚ kIe

Zmk-∑m¿°pw Hcp hncp∂v Ign-®p. B ka-bØv ]m\-]m-{X-hm-l-I-∑m-

cpsS {]am-Wn-sbbpw A∏-°m-cpsS {]am-Wn-sbbpw ^d-thm≥ Hm¿Øp.

]m\-]m-{X-hm-l-I-cpsS {]am-Wnsb ssIbn¬ ]m\-]m{Xw sImSp-t°-≠-

Xn\v ^d-thm≥ ho≠pw Ahs‚ ÿm\Øv B°n. A∏-°m-cpsS {]am-

Wn-sbtbm Ah≥ Xq°n-®p. tbmtk-^ns‚ hymJym-\w AtX-]Sn kw`-

hn-®p. F∂m¬ ]m\-]m-{X-hm-l-I-∑m-cpsS {]amWn tbmtk-^ns\ Hm¿

Øn-√.

kz]v\w A©v

c≠p-h¿jw Ign-™-t∏mƒ ^d-thm≥ Hcp kz]v\w I≠p:

94

“Ah≥ \Zo-Xo-c-Øp-\n∂p. At∏mƒ cq]-Kp-Whpw amwk-]p-jvSn-

bp-ap≈ Ggp ]ip- \Zn-bn¬\n∂p Ib-dn, Rmß-W-bpsS CS-bn¬

ta™psIm≠n-cp-∂p. Ah-bpsS ]n∂mse saen™p hncq-]-am-bp≈ thsd

Ggp- ]ip \Zn-bn¬ \n∂v Ib-dn, \Zo-Xo-cØv as‰ ]ip-°-fpsS AcnsI

\n∂p. saen™pw hncq-]-am-bp≈ ]ip-°ƒ cq]-Kp-Whpw amwk-]p-jvSn-

bp-ap≈ Ggp-]-ip-°sf Xn∂p-I-f-™p;”48

kz]v\w Bdv

Dd-°-Øn¬\n∂v DW¿∂ ^d-thm≥ ho≠pw Dd-ßn ho≠pw Hcp

kz]v\w I≠p.

“]pjvSn-bp-≈Xpw \√-Xp-amb Ggp-I-Xn¿ Hcp X≠n¬\n∂v s]mßn-

h-∂p. Ah-bpsS ]n∂mse t\¿Øpw Ing-°≥Im-‰n-\m¬ Icn-™p-an-cn-

°p∂ Ggp-I-Xn¿ s]mßn-h-∂p. t\¿Ø Ggp-I-Xn-cp-Iƒ ]pjvSnbpw aWn-

°-cp-Øp-ap≈ Ggp IXn-cp-Isf hngp-ßn-°-f-™p”49

hymJym-\-Øn-\mbn Bsf sXc™v \S-°p-tºmƒ ]m\-]m-{X-hm-l-

I-∑m-cpsS {]amWn tbmtk-̂ ns‚ kz]v\-hym-Jym\ Ignhns\-∏‰n Hm¿Øp.

^d-thm-t\mSv hnhcw [cn-∏n-®p.

]m\-]m-{X-hm-l-I-∑m-cpsS {]amWn kw`-hn-®Xp hni-Zo-I-cn-®p. ̂ d-

thm≥ tbmtk-^ns\ hnfn-∏n®p kz]v\w hni-Zo-I-cn-®p.

hymJym\w

""tbmtk^v ^d-thm-t\mSv Cßs\ ]d-™p. ^d-thms‚ kz]v\w

95

H∂p-X-s∂; Xm≥ sNbvhm≥ `mhn-°p-∂Xv ssZhw ^d-thm\v shfn-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ggp-\√ ]ip- Ggp kwh-’-cw; s\¬I-Xncpw Ggp kwh-

’-cw; kz]v\w H∂p-X-s∂. Ah-bpsS ]n∂mse Ib-dn-h∂ saen™pw

hncq]--ambpap≈ Ggp-]-iphpw Ing-°≥ Im‰n-\m¬ Icn™p ]Xn-cm-bp≈

Ggp IXncpw Ggp-kw-h-’-cw; Ah £ma-ap≈ Ggp kwh-’-c-am-Ip-∂p.

ssZhw sNbvhm≥ ̀ mhn-°p-∂Xv ̂ d-thm\v ImWn-®p-X-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. AXm-

Ip∂p Rm≥ ̂ d-thm-t\mSv ]d-™-Xv. an{kbow tZi-sØm-s°bpw _lp-

kp-`n-£-amb Ggp-kw-h-’cw hcpw. AXp-I-gn-™n´v £ma-ap≈ Ggp-kw-

h-’cw hcpw. At∏mƒ an{kbow tZiØv B kp`n-£Xsbms°bpw ad-

∂n-cn-°pw; £ma-Øm¬ tZiw Hs°bpw £bn-®p-t]mIpw. ]n≥hcp∂

£maw AXn-I-Tn-\-am-bn-cn-°bm¬ tZi-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ kp`n£X Adn-

bm-sX-bm-bn-t∏mIpw''. 50

^d-thm\p kz]v\w c≠p-h´w D≠m-b-Xns‚ clkyw, ssZh-Øns‚

apºmsI ÿnc-am-bn-cn-°-sIm≠pw ssZhw AXns\ thK-Øn¬ hcp-Øp-

hm-\n-cn-°-sIm≠pw BIp-∂p.

AXn-\m¬ hnth-Ihpw ⁄m\-hp-ap≈ Hcmsf tZi-Øn\v tae-[n-

Im-cn-bm°n kp`n£ kwh-’c-ß-fnse hnf-hn¬ A©n-sem∂p £ma-

Ime-tØ°v kq£n®p shbv°p-hm≥ {Iao-I-cWw sNø-W-sa∂v tbmtk-

^ns‚ \n¿t±iw ̂ d-thm≥ kzoI-cn-®p. ̂ d-thms‚ cmP-[m-\n-bnse tae-

[n-Im-cn-bmbn tbmtk^v \nb-an-°-s∏-´p.

96

Ggp-kw-h-’-c-Øn-\p-tijw an{k-bo-anepw temI-saßpw ITn-\-£m-

a-ap-≠m-bn. kI-e-tZ-i-°mcpw [m\y-Øn-\mbn an{k-bo-an¬ tbmtk-^n-s‚-

b-SpØv FØn.

H∂mw kz]v\Øns‚ km£m-XvI-cWw

bmt°m_v [m\yw hmßp-hm-\mbn ]p{X-∑msc an{k-bo-an-te°v

Ab®p. s_-\ym-an-s\-am{Xw Ab-®n-√. tbmtk^v Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c-∑msc

Xncn-®-dn-™p. ]s£ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-√.

tbmtk-^ns‚ ktlm-Z-c-∑mcpw h∂p Ahs\ kmjvSmwKw \a-

kvI-cn-®p. tbmtk-^ns‚ sNdp-∏-Øn¬ A∏s‚ `h-\-Øn¬ sh®p I≠

I‰-bpsS kz]v\w ChnsS km£m-XvI-cn-°-s∏-´p.

tbmtk^v ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿°v th≠p-thmfw [m\yw \¬In Ahsc

Xncn-®-b-®p. ktlm-Z-cn¬ Hcp-h-\mb ina-tbms\ XS-hn-em-°n. Cf-b-k-

tlm-Z-c-\mb s_\ym-ans\ Iq´n-sIm-≠p-h-c-W-sa∂ \n_-‘-\-bn-emWv

Ahsc ]d-™p-hn-´-Xv. hne-bmbn sIm≠p-h∂ {Zhyw Ah-c-h-cpsS

Nm°n¬ Xs∂ shbv°p-hm≥ tbmtk^v Iev]n-®n-cp-∂p. hgn-at≤y {Zhyw

Is≠-Ønb Ah¿ ̀ b-tØmsS I\m-\n¬ FØn bmt°m-_n-t\mSv h¿Ø-

am\w Adn-bn-®p.

CuPn-]vXnse ASn-a-Xz-Øn¬ \n∂v hmKvZØ \m´n-se kzmX-{¥y-

Øn-te°v D≈ c£-s∏-S-en\v Imc-W-°m-cm-bn-cp∂p A{_-lmw, bnk-lm-

°v, bmt°m-_v, At±-l-Øn\v 12 a°ƒ F∂ ]mc-ºcy hnizm-Øn¬ \n∂v

97

cq]w-sIm≠ cN-\m-in-ev]-amWv A{_-lm-ay-I-Y-Iƒ51.

bn{km-tb-ens‚ tKm{X-I-Y-bmWv BJym-\-Øns‚ {][m-\-I-Ym-

tc-J. Dev]-Øn-hn-Nm-c-߃, A{_-lm-ans‚ _en, kmdm-tbm-sSm-∏-ap≈

an{kbow {]th-i-\w, bmt°m-_ns‚ tPyjvTm-h-Imiw t\S¬ XpS-ßn-

bh D]-I-Ym-tc-J-I-fm-Wv52.

6. tamsi IY-Iƒ

bn{k-mtb¬ Ncn-{X-Ønse AXn-{]-[m-\-amb IÆn-bmWv tamsi.

tamsi-bpsS P\-\w, bphm-sh∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ {]Xn-I-c-Ww, ssZh-\n-tbm-

K-{]-Imcw bn{km-tb¬ P\-Xbv°v sImSpØ t\XrXzw F∂nh Hcp Poh-

N-cn{X IYm-Jym-\-cq-]-Øn¬ ]pd-∏mSv ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ hni-Zam°p-∂p.

]pd∏mSv]p-k-vXIw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb BJym-\-a-√. bn{km-tb-ens\ an{k-

bo-an¬\n∂v hntam-Nn-∏n® hocy-{]-h¿Øn-I-fpsS km£y-tc-J-bmWv F∂v

tUm.-Pn. ssha-b¿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p53.

tamsi-bpsS P\\w

F{_m-bhwiØn¬ ]nd∂ tamsi ^d-thms‚ cmP-sIm-´m-c-Øn¬

hf-cp-hm≥ CSbmb \mS-Iob kw`-h-amWv ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zyw. F{_mb

IpSpw-_-Øn¬ ]nd-°p∂ B¨Ip-™p-ßsf F√mw sIms∂m-Sp-°p-hm-

\p≈ ^d-thms‚ B⁄ A∂p \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

“F∂m¬ tehn IpSpw-_-Ønse Hcp ]pcp-j≥ t]mbn Hcp tehy

I\y-Isb ]cn-{K-ln-®p. Ahƒ K¿`w [cn®v Hcp aIs\ {]k-hn-®p. Ah≥

98

kuμ-cy-ap-≈-h≥ F∂p I≠n´v Ahs\ aq∂p-amkw Hfn-®p-sh-®p. Ahs\

]ns∂ Hfn-®p-sh-∏m≥ Ign-bm-sX-bm-b-t∏mƒ Ah-sfmcp Rmß-W-s∏-´Iw

hmßn, AXn\p ]ibpw Ioepw tX®p, ss]X-ens\ AXn¬ InS-Øn,

\Zn-bpsS Acn-In¬ Rmß-W-bpsS CS-bn¬ sh®p. Ah\v F¥v `hn-°p-

sa∂v Adn-hm≥ Ahs‚ s]߃ Zqc-Øp-\n-∂p. At∏mƒ ^d-thms‚

]p{Xn \Zn-bn¬ Ipfn-∏m≥ h∂p; Ah-fpsS Zmkn-am¿ \Zo-Xo-c-Øp-IqSn

\S∂p; Ahƒ Rmß-W-bpsS CS-bn¬ s]´Iw I≠-t∏mƒ AXns\ FSp-

Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-hm≥ Zmknsb Ab-®p. Ahƒ AXv Xpd-∂msd ss]X-

ens\ I≠p; Ip´n-bn-Xm, Ic-bp-∂p. Ahƒ°v AXn-t\mSv Aenhv tXm∂n:

CXv F{_m-b-cpsS ss]X-ß-fn¬ H∂v F∂v ]d™p. Ahs‚ s]߃

^d-thms‚ ]p{Xn-tbmSv: Cu ss]X-en\v ape sImSp-t°-≠-Xn\v Hcp

F{_mb kv{Xosb Rm≥ sN∂v hnfn-®p-sIm≠p htc-Wtam F∂p tNmZn-

®p. ^d-thms‚ ]p{Xn Ah-tfmSv: sN∂p sIm≠p-h-cnI F∂p ]d-™p.

I\yI sN∂v ss]X-ens‚ AΩsb hnfn-®p-sIm≠p h∂p. ^d-thms‚

]p{Xn Ah-tfmSv: \o Cu ss]X-ens\ sIm≠p-t]mbn ape-sIm-SpØv

hf¿tØWw; Rm≥ \n\°v iºfw Xcmw F∂p ]d-™p. kv{Xo ss]X -

ens\ FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]mbn ape-sIm-SpØv hf¿Øn. ss]X¬ hf¿∂-

tijw Ahƒ Ahs\ ^d-thms‚ ]p{Xn-bpsS ASp-°¬ sIm≠p-t]m-

bn, Ah≥ Ahƒ°v aI-\mbn: Rm≥ Ahs\ sh≈-Øn¬\n∂v hen-s®-

SpØv F∂p-]-d™v Ahƒ Ah\v tamsi F∂p t]cn-´p.”54

99

Cu BJym-\-Øns‚ ]›m-Øew ]pd-∏mSv H∂mw A≤ymbw 15 apX¬

22-hsc hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

an{kbnw cmPmhv F{_mb kqXn-I¿Ωn-Wn-I-tfmSv Hcp B⁄ sImSp-

Øp.

“kqXn-I¿Ω-Øn\v F{_m-b-kv{Xo-I-fpsS ASpØv sN√p-tºmƒ D≠m-

Ip∂ Ip´n BWm-Ip-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ahs\ sImt√-Ww. F∂m¬ ssZhsØ

`b-s∏´ kqXn-I¿Ωn-Wn-Iƒ cmPm-hns‚ Iev]\ A\p-k-cn-°msX

F{_mb B¨Ip-™p-ßsf Poh-t\msS c£n-®p. CX-dn™ cmPmhv

kqXn-I¿Ωn-Wn-Isf hnfn-®p-h-cp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Ah¿ sImSpØ adp-]Sn

\¿Ωw \nd-™Xpw Nn¥-\o-b-hp-am-Wv.

“kqXn-I¿Ωn-Wn-Iƒ ^d-thm-t\mSv :F{_mb kv{XoIƒ an{kboay

kv{XoI-sf-t∏mse A√; Ah¿ \√ Xnd-ap-≈-h¿; kqXn-I¿Ωn-Wn-Iƒ Ah-

cpsS ASp-°¬ FØpw-apsº Ah¿ {]k-hn-®p-I-gnbpw F∂p ]d-™p.”55

kqXn-I¿Ωn-Wn-I-fpsS adp-]-Sn-bn-eqsS F{_mb kv{XoI-fpsS A≤zm-

\-io-ehpw Imbn-I-£-a-Xbpw kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

^d-thm≥ ho≠pw kI-e-P-\-tØmSpw P\n-°p∂ GXv B¨Ip-´n -

sbbpw \Zn-bn-en´p If-b-W-sa∂v B⁄m-]n-®p. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv

tamsi-bpsS P\-\w. Xs‚ Poh-s\-Xnsc B⁄ \¬Inb ^d-thms‚

]p{Xn-bpsS \n¿t±-i-{]-Imcw Xs∂ tamsisb kz¥w AΩ-bv°p-Xs∂

hf¿Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw ]n∂oSv ^d-thms‚ cmP-sIm-´m-c-Øn¬Øs∂

100

hf-cp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw IYm LS-\-bnse {][m\ `mK-amWv. CXns\

ssZhn-I-]-≤-Xn-sb∂v hmb-\-°m¿°v t_m≤y-am-Ip-∂p.

tamsi sIm´m-c-Øn\v ]pd-tØ°v

bphm-hmbn hf¿∂ tamsi Xm≥ F{_m-b≥ BsW-∂p≈ Ah-

t_m[w Dƒs°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Hcp F{_m-bs\ Hcp an{k-boay≥ ASn-°p-

∂Xp I≠ tamsi, an{kbo-ays\ ASn®vsIm∂v Bcpw-Im-WmsX ad-hp-

sN-bvXp. ]n∂o-sSm-cn-°¬ iWvT-Iq-Snb c≠v F{_mbsc I≠n´v A\ymbw

sNbvX-h-t\mSv \o \ns‚ ktlm-Z-cs\ ASn-°p-∂Xv F¥v F∂p tNmZn-

®p. Ah-cpsS adp-]Sn Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \ns∂ R߃°v {]`phpw

\ymbm-[n-]-Xnbpw B°n-b-h≥ B¿. an{kbo-ays\ sIm∂-Xp-t]mse

Fs∂bpw sIm√p-hm≥ ̀ mhn-°p-∂pthm F∂p tNmZn-®p. Bcpw ImWmsX

an{kbo-ays\sIm∂ kw`hw {]kn-≤-ambn F∂p a\- n-em-°nb tamsi

sIm´m-c-Øn¬\n∂v HmSn-t∏m-Ip-∂p.

hnhml Pohn-X-Øn-te°v

tamsi-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønse aq∂mw L´w ChnsS XpS-ßp-∂p. tamsi-

bpsS hnhm-l-Øns‚ ]›m-Øe h¿Æ-\-bmWv XpS¿∂v.

“anZym-\nse ]ptcm-ln-X\v Ggv ]p{Xn-am¿ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ h∂v

A∏s‚ BSp-Iƒ°v IpSn-∏m≥ sh≈w-tImcn sXm´n-Iƒ \nd-®p. F∂m¬

CS-b≥am¿ h∂v Ahsc B´n-°-f™p: At∏mƒ tamsi-sb-gp-t∂‰v

Ahsc klm-bn-®p. Ah-cpsS BSp-Isf IpSn-∏n-®p. Ah¿ Xß-fpsS

101

A∏-\mb sdKq-th-ens‚ ASp-°¬ h∂-t∏mƒ: \n߃ C∂v C{X-thKw

h∂Xv Fß-s\-sb∂v Ah≥ tNmZn-®p. Hcp an{k-bo-ay≥ CS-b≥am-cpsS

ssIbn¬\n∂v Rßsf hnSp-hn-®p, R߃°v sh≈w-tIm-cn-X-∂p, BSp-

Isf IpSn-∏n®p F∂v Ah¿ ]d-™p. Ah≥ Xs‚ ]p{Xn-am-tcmSv: Ah-

s\-hnsS? \nß-f-hs\ hnt´®v t]m∂-sX¥v? `£Ww Ign-∏m≥ Ahs\

hnfn-∏o≥ F∂p ]d-™p. tamsibv°v Ah-t\m-Sp-IqsS ]m¿∏m≥ kΩ-X-

ambn; Ah≥ tamsibv°v Xs‚ aIƒ knt∏m-dsb sImSp-Øp”.56

tamsi-bpsS ssZhn-I-{]-Xy-£-Xbpw \ntbm-Khpw

ASn-a-the \nanØw s\Sp-ho¿∏n´v \ne-hn-fn® bn{k-mtb¬ a°-fpsS

i_vZw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-se-Øn. AΩm-bn-A-∏s‚ BSp-Isf tabv®p-sIm≠v

\S-∂n-cp∂ tamsi tlmtc_v ]¿Δ-X-Øn¬ \n∂-t∏mƒ D≠mb A\p-`-

h-amWv ssZhnI {]Xy-£-XbpsSbpw \ntbm-K-Øns‚bpw h¿Æ\.

“AhnsS btlm-h-bpsS ZqX≥ Hcp apƒ∏-S¿∏ns‚ \Sp-hn¬\n∂v

A·n-Pzm-e-bn¬ Ah\v {]Xy-£-\m-bn. Ah≥ t\m°n-bmsd apƒ∏-S¿∏v

Xo]n-Sn®v IØp-∂Xpw apƒ∏-S¿∏v sh¥p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw I≠p.

apƒ∏-S¿∏v sh¥p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°p∂ Cu henb ImgvN Fs¥∂v Rm≥

sN∂p-t\m-°s´ F∂v tamsi ]d-™p. t\mt°-≠-Xn\v Ah≥ hcp-∂Xv

btlmh I≠-t∏mƒ ssZhw apƒ∏-S¿∏ns‚ \Sp-hn¬\n∂v Ahs\ tamti,

tamsi F∂p hnfn-®p. AXn\v Ah≥: CXm Rms\∂p ]d-™p. At∏mƒ

Ah≥: Ctßm´v ASp-°-cpXv; \o \n¬°p∂ ÿew hnip-≤-`q-an-bm-I-

102

bm¬ Imen¬ \n∂v sNcp∏v Agn-®p-I-fI F∂p I¬∏n-®p. Rm≥ A{_-

lm-ans‚ ssZhhpw bnk-lm-°ns‚ ssZhhpw bmt°m-_ns‚ ssZh-hp-

ambn \ns‚ ]nXm-hns‚ ssZh-am-Ip∂p F∂v Ah≥ Acp-fn-s®-bvXp.

tamsi ssZhsØ t\m°p-hm≥ `b-s∏´v apJw aqSn. btlmh Acp-fn-s®-

bvXXv: an{k-bo-an-ep≈ Fs‚ P\-Øns‚ IjvSX Rm≥ I≠p I≠p;

Dugnb hnNm-c-I≥am¿ \nan-Ø-ap≈ Ah-cpsS \ne-hn-fnbpw tI´p; Rm≥

Ah-cpsS k¶-S-߃ Adn-bp-∂p. Ahsc an{k-bo-aycpsS ssIbn¬\n∂v

hnSp-hn-∏m\pw B tZi-Øp-\n∂v \√Xpw hnim-e-hp-amb tZi-tØ-°v,

]mepw tX\p-sam-gp-Ip∂ tZi-tØ°v Ahsc sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-hm\pw Rm\n-

d-ßn-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. BI-bm¬ hcnI; \o Fs‚ P\-amb bn{km-tb¬

a°sf an{k-boan¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-t°-≠-Xn\v Rm≥ \ns∂ ̂ d-thms‚

ASp-°¬ Ab-°pw.” 57

tamsi-bpsS \ntbmKw ChnsS Bcw-`n-°p-∂p.

Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Aam-\p-jnI IYm-]m-{X-ambn ssZhsØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-

∂p. A·n, tXP-kz-cq-]n-bmb ssZh-Øns‚ {]`-bpsS \nZ¿i-\-am-Wv.

F∂m¬ AXv Zln-∏n-°p-∂n-√. bn{km-tbey kaq-l-Øn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂

ssZh-k-¶ev]w ChnsS hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS A{]m-]y-X-bn-epw,

A¤p-X-ß-fnepw ssZh-km-∂n≤yw Ah¿ Dƒs°m-≠p. apƒ∏-S¿∏nse

Xo a\p-jys\ AI‰n \n¿Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ tamsi A·n-Z¿i-\-

Øn-eqsS ssZhn-I-{]-Xy-£X A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p. Ai-cocn i_vZ-Øn-eqsS

103

ssZh-i_vZw {ihn-°p-∂p. bn{km-tb¬ P\-Xbv°v Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn kt¶-

X-am-bn-cp∂ ]nXm-°≥am-cpsS ssZh-amWv Xms\∂v ssZhw tamsibv°v

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]q¿Δ ]nXm-°ƒ°v \¬Inb hm°v \nh¿Øn-°p-hm≥

th≠n F{_m-b P\-Xsb an{kbo-aycpsS ssIbn¬\n∂v hnSphn®v

kar≤amb I\m≥ tZi-tØ°v sIm≠p-t]m-Im-\mWv Xm≥ h∂n-cn-°p-

∂Xv F∂v ssZhw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

F{_mb kwkvIm-c-Øn¬ ]¿Δ-X-߃°pw \Zn-Iƒ°pw ssZhnI

kv]¿iw \ne-\n-ev°p-∂-Xns‚ s]mcpƒ hymJym-\-Øn¬ shfn-hm-Ip-∂p.

F{_mb P\-X-bpsS hntam-N\ \ntbmKw Gs‰-SpØ tamsi Xs‚

t\XrXzw AwKo-I-cn-°msX Ccn°pw F∂v Nn¥n-®-t∏mƒ ssZhw sImSp-

°p∂ DØcw \memw A[ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn

F{_mb t\Xm-°ƒ ssIbn¬ Icp-Xp∂ “hSn” -bpsS {]Xo-Im-fl-I-Xbpw

ChnsS h¿Æn-°p-∂p.

“AXn\v tamsi: Ah¿ Fs∂ hniz-kn-°m-sXbpw Fs‚ hm°v

tIƒ°m-sXbpw btlmh \n\°v {]Xy-£-\m-bn-´n-√m-sb∂v ]dbpw F∂v

DØcw ]d-™p. btlmh Ah-t\mSv: \ns‚ ssIbn-en-cn-°p-∂Xv F¥v

F∂p tNmZn-®p. Hcp hSn F∂v Ah≥ ]d-™p. AXv \ne-Øn-SpI F∂v

Iev]n-®p. Ah≥ \ne-Øn´p; AXv Hcp k¿∏-ambn Xo¿∂p; tamsi AXn-

s\-I-≠n´v HmSn-t∏mbn; btlmh tamsitbmSv: \ns‚ ssI\o´n AXns\

hmen\v ]nSn° F∂p Iev]n-®p. Ah≥ ssI\o´n AXns\ ]nSn®p; AXv

104

Ahs‚ ssIbn¬ hSn-bmbn Xo¿∂p. CXv A{_-lm-ans‚ ssZhhpw bnk-

lm-°ns‚ ssZhhpw bmt°m-_ns‚ ssZh-hp-amb Ah-cpsS ]nXm-°≥am-

cpsS ssZh-amb btlmh \n\°v {]Xy-£-\mbn F∂v Ah¿ hniz-kn-

t°-≠-Xn-\m-Ip-∂p.” 58

tamsi-bpsS ssZh-\n-tbm-K-Øn\v ho≠pw AS-bm-f-߃ ssZhw \n¿t±-

in-°p-∂p.

“btlmh ]ns∂bpw Ah-t\mSv : \ns‚ ssI am¿Δn-S-Øn¬ CSpI

F∂p Iev]n-®p. Ah≥ ssI am¿Δn-S-Øn¬ C´p; ]pd-sØ-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ

ssI lnaw-t]mse shfpØp IpjvT-ap-≈-Xmbn I≠p. \ns‚ ssI ho≠pw

am¿Δn-S-Øn-en-SpI F∂p Iev]n-®p. Ah≥ ssI ho≠pw am¿Δn-S-Øn¬

C´p, am¿Δn-S-Øn¬\n∂v ]pd-sØ-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ, AXv ho≠pw Ahs‚ at‰

amwkw t]mse Bbn-°-≠p.”59

A¤p-X-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw AS-bm-f-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw P\hnizmkw t\SpI

F∂p-≈Xv A°m-esØ Ncn{X kz`m-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. tamsi \ne-Øn´

hSnbpw ho≠pw Ah\v e`n® hSnbpw tamsi-bpsS kzbw-k-a¿∏-W-Øn-

s‚bpw ssZh A`n-tj-I-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xo-I-ß-fm-Wv. kzb-i-‡n-°p-th≠n

Icp-Xn -bn -cp∂ hSn \ne-Øn-´ -tXmsS tamsi-bnse Al-¶m-chpw

Alw`mhhpw C√m-sX-bm-hp-∂p. F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv X\n°v e`n® hSn

ssZhm-{i-b-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-am-Wv. BZysØ hSn kzbm-[n-Imc tI{μo-Ir-

Xhpw c≠m-aXv e`n® hSn ssZh-hn-t[b A[n-Im-c-tI-{μo-Ir-Xhpw BWv.

105

bn{k-mtb¬ P\-Xsb an{k-bo-an¬ \n∂v hntam-Nn-∏n-°p-hm-≥ Hcp°-s∏-

Sp∂ tamsisb Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ cN-\m-in-ev]-am-Wn-Xv. hntam-N\ IY-

bnse ]n¬°me BJym-\-ßsf _e-h-Øm-°p∂ IYm-tc-J-bm-Wn-Xv.

tamsi-bpsS IYmJym\w Htct]mse c≠p hyXykvX Bib Xe-

ß-sf-bmWv kq£n-°p-∂-Xv. tamsi-sb∂ \mb-Is‚ IY, bn{km-tb-ens‚

tamN-\-Øns‚bpw Ncn-{X-IYbmWv. hy‡n-bp-sSbpw h¿§-Øn-s‚bpw Ncn-

{XsØ Htc cN-\m-in-ev]-Øn¬ tN¿Øn-W-°p∂ BJym-\-X{¥w ChnsS

Zriyam-Wv. tamsi-bn-eqsS \S-°p∂ bn{k-mtb-ens‚ c£Wy {]h¿Ø-

\-߃ Htc kabw tamsisb \mb-Is‚ {]`m-h-Øn-te°pw bn{k-mtb¬

P\-Xsb hntam-N-\-Øns‚ L´-ß-fn-te°pw Db¿Øp-∂p. CØcw Zznam\

BJym\ LS-\-bn-emWv tamsi-bpsS Pohn-X-tcJ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂-Xv.

106

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

1. cm[m-Ir-jvW³ \bÀ Un BJym-\-hn-Úm\w P 115

2. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 1 : 1 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 1 ae-bmfw 57ZTI

ISBN 81-221-2878-5 ss__nƒ skmssk‰n Hm^v C≥Uy, _mw•q¿

3. cm[m-Ir-jvW³ \bÀ Un BJym-\-hn-Úm\w P 116

4. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 1 : 1-˛5 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 1 ”

5. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 1 : 6˛8 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 1 ”

6. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 1 : -9˛12 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 1 ”

7. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 1 : 14˛19 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 1 ”

8. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 1 : 20˛23 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 1 ”

9. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 1 : 24˛31 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 2 ”

10. David Wilkinson Message of Creation P 19

11. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 2 : 21˛23 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 2 ”

12. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 3 : 4˛6 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 3 ”

13. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 6 : 13˛22 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 6 ”

14. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 7 : 1-˛5- kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 6 ”

15. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 7 : 6˛24 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 7 ”

16. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 8 : 1˛14 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 7 ”

17. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 8 : 15˛21 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 7, 8 ”

18. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 11 : 1 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 9 ”

107

19. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 11 : 3˛4 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 9 ”

20. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 11 : 6˛7 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 9 ”

21. tdmØv Uªn-bp.-Fw.-U-ªn-bp. th-Z--]p-kvXI`mjyw P 150

22. _m_p-t]mƒ Un. thZ-i-_vZ-c-Xv\m-Icw P 128 - 1997

23. tdmØv Uªn-bp.-Fw.-U-ªn-bp. th-Z--]p-kvXI`mjyw P 150

24. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 12 : 1˛3 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 10 ”

25. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 12: 7 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 10 ”

26. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 12 : 11˛20 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 11 ”

27. Peter Berry an Introduction to Literary & Cultural Theory P 231.71 - 2004

28. Manfred Jahn Narratology A guide to the theory of narrative N.7.3 - 2005

29. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 24 : 2 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 21 ”

30. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 24 : 3˛4 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 21 ”

31. Dev]¯n ]pkvXIw 24 : 5þ6 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 21 ”

32. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 24 : 7˛8 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 21 ”

33. Manfred Jahn Narratology A guide to the theory of narrative N.7.8 - 2005

34. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 24 : 13˛14 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 22 ”

35. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 24 : 15˛21 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 22 ”

36. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 25 : 23,25,26 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 24,25 ”

37. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 27 : 27, 29 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 27 ”

38. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 27 : 32˛33 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 27 ”

108

39. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 27 : 39˛40 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 28 ”

40. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 28 : 12˛15 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 29 ”

41. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 37 : 7˛8 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 40 ”

42. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 37 : 9˛10 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 40 ”

43. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 39 :7˛40:8 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 42-43 ”

44. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 40 : 9˛12 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 43 ”

45. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 40 : 12˛14 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 44 ”

46. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 40 : 16˛17 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 44 ”

47. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 40 : 18˛19 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 44 ”

48. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 41 : 2--˛4 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 44 ”

49. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 41 : 5˛7 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 44 ”

50. Dev]Øn ]pkvXIw 41 : 25˛31 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 45 ”

51. tdmØv Uªn-bp.-Fw.-U-ªn-bp. th-Z--]p-kvXI`mjyw P 150

52. Schlomith Rimmon Kenan Narrative Fiction Contemporary Poeties P 16 - 2001

53. tUm. Pn. sha-b¿ thZ-]p-kvX-I-`mjyw P 154

54. ]pd-∏mSv ]pkvXIw 2 : 1˛10 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 58-59 ”

55. ]pd-∏mSv ]pkvXIw 1 : 15˛19 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 58 ”

56. ]pd-∏mSv ]pkvXIw 2 : 16˛21 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 59 ”

57. ]pd-∏mSv ]pkvXIw 3 : 2˛10 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 60 ”

58. ]pd-∏mSv ]pkvXIw 4 : 1˛5 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 61 ”

59. ]pd-∏mSv ]pkvXIw 4 : 6˛7 kXy-th-Z--]p-kvXIw P 61 ”