the egyptianization of historical writing (1881 – 1951)

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The Egyptianization

of Historical Writing(1881 – 1951)

Azmi MuharomMA Asia

2015-2016

Higher School of Economics , Moscow, 2015

www.hse.ru




Chronologies

• French Occupation (179-101!

• Muhamma" Ali #asha"$nast$ (105%195&!

Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (1769–1849)'rai )e*olution+ 179-12

• ,ritish Occupation (12-1922!g$ptian .ationalist part$+12

g$ptian 'ni*ersit$+190• /ing"om o g$pt (1922-




“If I ween'! an

"g#$!ian%I w&uld hae wished

!& be an "g#$!ian

Mus!afa amil Pasha




#ioneer

Mustaa /amil (17-190!+ stu"ie" in 'ni*ersit$ o oulouseOpus Magnum3 .e4s paper Al-*iwa (+!andad) (19,,) andMasalah al-+ha.i##ah (/he "as!en 0ues!i&n) (--)1Maor source prolem is Crusa"ers2he ,ritish occupation 4ere enem$ o all muslim&amente" 8ght among Muslim an" #an-slamism

g$ptian%ur:ish unit$

Muhamma" Fari" (16-1919!;e is tur: ancestr$+ 4rites aout Muhamma" Ali an" OttomanmpireOpus Magnum 3 +a2 (--)

1 success in len"ing the tra"itional an" mo"ern o theslamic tra"ition in historiograph$2 he in<uence o the chronicle+ or e=ample+ a staple orm intra"itional slamic historiograph$+

A"ullah .a"im (15-196! 4ith /amil an" Fari" ma"eg$ptian .ationalist part$ (12! as the 8rst political part$ in

g$pt




g$ptianization in ,ritish Occupation

g$ptianization in ,ritish occupation+.ot onl$ g$ptian ut mmigrant >$irian an" eanese

? @iris ;una$$in (! pulishe" Al-A!#an wal-dab 3l-0u! al-Misi(an" an" a=ation in g$pt!

? BaDu Artin (12-1919! pulishe" t4o oo:s on g$ptian histor$an" a numer o articles in the ulle!in de l5Ins!i!u! g#$!ien? BaEDu >arru (152%1927! intro"uce" nationalism an" ar4inism tog$pt?Farah Antun (161%1922! intro"uce" the 4or:s o @ean-@acDues)ousseau (1712%7! an" rnest )Gnan (12&%92!

?>alim Al-naDsh (%1! in his Mis lil-Misi##in (g$pt org$ptians!? @uri Ha$"an (161%191! e"itor popular magazine alhilal

Mus!afa amil% a.ub +auf and u2i a#dan ad&:a!es na!i&naluniesi!#% "g#$!ian ;niesi!# (19,8)<




Al-Azhar 'ni*ersit$ (975!+ arul 'lum (172!+ g$ptian 'ni*ersit$(190!




@uri Ha$"an an" g$ptian 'ni*ersit$

u2i a#dan is Ethe "ean o >$rian g$ptian historiansan" also :no4e" as Ethe "ean o Ara historians o his"a$

#ulishe" 8*e-*olume /ai=h al-/amaddun al-Islamin(;istor$ o slamic Ci*ilization! (1902-06!

?Ac:no4le"ge" the importance o the #rophetMuhamma" an" the signi8cance o slamic ci*ilization

?)euse" to "escrie the rise o slam rom the ortho"o=Muslim perspecti*e+ as a triumph o Io"s 4ill o*er itsenemies?/he !ue his!&# &f !he na!i&n%5 he 4rote+ is !he his!&#&f i!s :iili>a!i&n and :ul!ue% n&! !he his!&# &f i!s wasand :&n.ues!sJ




g$ptian 'ni*ersit$ an" #roessionalization

n 1919+ the uni*ersit$ 4elcome" rstgenerations31 aha ;usa$n (19%197&!+ stu"ie" in

>oronne+ lecture o E;istor$ o the Ancientast an" E#hilosoph$ o ;istor$ 4or:e" 4ithmile ur:heim an" #aul Casano*aorientalism ater ecame Minister o

e"ucation2 Muhamma" )iEat ,e$ (165-197!+stu"ie" in i*erpool+ he pulishe" nglishoo: /he Awa=ening &f M&den "g#$!(1947)< ater ecame Minister o e"ucation




g$ptian 'ni*ersit$ an" #roessionalization

& Muhamma" >ha8D Ihural (19%1961!+ stu"ie"in on"on+ earning #h un"er super*ision Arnol" @

o$nee (19-1975!+ he pulishe" nglish oo: /heeginnings &f !he "g#$!ian 0ues!i&n and !he ?ise &fMeheme! Ali (19@8) .ot minister ut un"er se*eralgo*ernments Muhamma" rahim >ari (! stu"ie" in>oronne un"er super*ision o Alphonse Aular"

(19%192!+ an e=pert on the French )e*olutionKrite" in rench *a ?&lu!i&n g#$!ienne (1919%21!ri*alle" Ihurals /he eginnings &f !he "g#$!ian0ues!i&n and !he ?ise &f Meheme! Ali< ater he is

irector o Ba al-u!ub (the .ational irar$!




Ater First Ieneration o g$ptian 'ni*ersit$

since the 1920s historical stud in Eg!t had entered a new

!hase "•it had #ecome an academic disci!line researched and

taught # !rofessional historians. $i%e their &estern

counter!arts, these historians all #ased their writings on

carefull e'amined sources, mostl com!rised of

go(ernment archi(es.•)his also e'!anded on the *slamic tradition, de(elo!ed

so!histicated techni+ues in the em!loment of archi(almaterial in recording and writing histor•*n addition




Ater First Ieneration o g$ptian 'ni*ersit$

• *n addition the !laed a leading role in esta#lishing !rofessional

societies in Eg!t.

)he Institut d’Égypte, founded mostl # &esterners -159/, was a

reincarnation of Napoleon’s Institut Égyptien -19/. )he mem#ers

such as ifaat al3)ahtawi and a+e# 6rtin, then 6lso )aha Husein

and 7hur#al.

1945, 7hur#al had alread founded the oal 6ssociation for Historical

Studies -later Eg!tian 6ssociation for Historical Studies/,

1949, the association !u#lished the Royal Egyptian Historical Review in#oth 6ra#ic and English and after 1952, the 8ournal was renamed the

Egyptian Historical Review .



20+ M$asnits:a$a str+ Mosco4+ )ussia+ 101000

el3 L7 (95! 62-29+ Fa=3 L7 (95! 62-79&1444hseru

the egyptianization of historical writing (1881 – 1951)

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