thecate hydroids from the shelf waters of northern canada

47
Thecate Hydroids frorn the Shelf Waters of Northern Canada Dalp R. Caloe tt Museum of Natural Sc'iences National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, Ont. C,r.r,onn, D. R. 1970. Thecate hydroids from the shelf waters of northern Canada. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 27: 150l-1547. Based largely on collections from the Calanus-Salaelinus expeditions, 54 species of thecate hydroids were identified from the shelf waters of northern Canada between northeastern Newfoundland and the Alaska-Yukon border. Common speciesincluded Halec'ium m,uricatum, Calycella syringa, Campanularia integra, C. spec'iosa, C' vohr'bil'is, Gonolhyraeo louen'i,Filellum serpens, LaJoeagracillima, Serlularella polyzonias, S. tricuspi' data, Sertulari.a schm'idti, and S. similis. Hoiecium groenland'icurn, H. scutum, Cuspidella procumbens, Calycella graci,l,is, and Sertularioschm'idti. are new records for North America; Ptychogena Joctea is previouslyknown from this continent only as the medusa. Twenty-tsro species are reported in northern Canada for the first time, bringing to 71 the number of thecate species recorded from the region. Nearly half of the 71 species recorded are circumpolar in distribution, and over trvo-thirds transgressboth arctic and subarctic zones. Most sampleshad a paucity of hydroids, particularly those frorn the high arctic. Collection records indicate that the most favourable regions for hydroids in northern Canadaare the Strait of Belle Isle, easternUngava Bay, easternHudson Strait, northern and southeastern Hudson Bay, Foxe Channel, and northern Foxe Basin. Received May 13, 1970 INTRODUCTION TnB nvonolD FAUNA oF NoRTHERN CANADA is poorly known compared with that of other arctic regions, particularly Greenland and northern USSR' Of the relatively few studies published on Canadian Arctic hydroids, most have been based on small collections, usually from a restricted area. Infor- mation is preliminary at best on the species of the western arctic or even such regions as Ungava Bay and Foxe Basin. The hydroids of Labrador have re- ceived the most attention, $,ith records by Packard (i863, 1867, 1891), Hincks (1868), Kirchenpauer (1884), Wl'riteaves (1901), Kramp (1932b), and Fraser (1944). Verrill (1879) identilied tl'rree species from Cumberland Sound collect- ed by the Howgate Polar Expedition oI I877 -78. Broch (1907) discussed sev- eral species collected near Eilesmere Island during the Second Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the Fram. Fraser (1922) Iisted 25 hydroid species, most of which rvere collected in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait during the Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913 18. Furtl-rer data on the hydroids of Hudson Bay lPresent address: Virqinia Institute of Nlarine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA. Printed in Canada (11792) I 501 J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by STANFORD UNIV. on 11/19/14 For personal use only.

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Page 1: Thecate Hydroids from the Shelf Waters of Northern Canada

Thecate Hydroids frorn the Shelf Waters of NorthernCanada

D a l p R . C a l o e t t

Museum of Natural Sc'iences

National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.

C,r.r,onn, D. R. 1970. Thecate hydroids from the shelf waters of northern Canada. J.Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 27: 150l-1547.

Based largely on collections from the Calanus-Salaelinus expeditions, 54 speciesof thecate hydroids were identified from the shelf waters of northern Canada betweennortheastern Newfoundland and the Alaska-Yukon border. Common species includedHalec'ium m,uricatum, Calycella syringa, Campanularia integra, C. spec'iosa, C' vohr'bil'is,Gonolhyraeo louen'i, Filellum serpens, LaJoea gracillima, Serlularella polyzonias, S. tricuspi'data, Sertulari.a schm'idti, and S. similis. Hoiecium groenland'icurn, H. scutum, Cuspidellaprocumbens, Calycella graci,l,is, and Sertulario schm'idti. are new records for North America;Ptychogena Joctea is previously known from this continent only as the medusa. Twenty-tsrospecies are reported in northern Canada for the first time, bringing to 71 the numberof thecate species recorded from the region. Nearly half of the 71 species recorded arecircumpolar in distribution, and over trvo-thirds transgress both arctic and subarcticzones.

Most samples had a paucity of hydroids, particularly those frorn the high arctic.Collection records indicate that the most favourable regions for hydroids in northernCanada are the Strait of Belle Isle, eastern Ungava Bay, eastern Hudson Strait, northernand southeastern Hudson Bay, Foxe Channel, and northern Foxe Basin.

Received May 13, 1970

INTRODUCTION

TnB nvonolD FAUNA oF NoRTHERN CANADA is poorly known compared with

that of other arct ic regions, part icularly Greenland and northern USSR'

Of the relat ively few studies publ ished on Canadian Arct ic hydroids, most

have been based on small col lect ions, usually from a restr icted area. Infor-

mation is prel iminary at best on the species of the western arct ic or even such

regions as Ungava Bay and Foxe Basin. The hydroids of Labrador have re-

ce ived the most a t ten t ion , $ , i th records by Packard ( i863, 1867, 1891) , H incks

(1868) , K i rchenpauer (1884) , Wl ' r i teaves (1901) , Kramp (1932b) , and Fraser

(1944). Verri l l (1879) identi l ied t l ' rree species from Cumberland Sound col lect-

ed by the Howgate Polar Expedit ion oI I877 -78. Broch (1907) discussed sev-

eral species col lected near Ei lesmere Island during the Second Norwegian

Arctic Expedit ion in the Fram. Fraser (1922) I isted 25 hydroid species, most

of which rvere col lected in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait during the Canadian

Arctic Expedit ion of 1913 18. Furt l-rer data on the hydroids of Hudson Bay

lPresent address: Virqinia Institute of Nlarine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062,

USA.

Pr in ted in Canada (11792)

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1.502 JoIrRN.\L FISHERTES RESE,\RCr{ BO.\RD oF c. \N-\D,\ , voT-.27, \o.9, 1970

and I ludson Stra i t * 'ere g iven b1 'Fraser (193 1) . Kran ' rp (1932b) s tudied thehydroids taken by the Godthaab Expedition to lr 'est Greenland, r 'vhich oc-cupied a number of stations in Canadian waters frorn Labrador to EllesmereIsland. Fraser (1933) l isted two species fron-r southeastern Foxe Basin, andlater (Fraser, 1939) reported five species from the western Canadian Arctic.Fraser (1944) cited most of the previous l iterature on hydroids from the east-ern arctic and subarctic of Canada and included some new records.

The oceanography and r-narine biology of Canada's arctic and subarcticshelf lr,aters have been under study annually since 1947 by personnel of theFisheries Research Board of Canada. IJsing XtI.V. Calanus and NI.V. Salae-linus, stations have been occupied from the Strait of Belle Isle in easternCanada to the Alaska border in the northr,r 'est. Substantial collections of marineanimals have been made over a tu,o-decade interval, the hydroids and bryo-zoans of whicl 'r, togetl.rer in one collection, have been deposited in the Museumof Natural Sciences, National l{useums of Canada. The bryozoans of thiscollection rvere examined by Pou'ell (1968); an account of the thecate hydroidsis the purpose of the present report.

Thecates were found in nraterial from 84 o{ the stations occupied by\I.Y. Calanzrs and \,I.\r. Solzelinus (Fig. 1, Table 1). Including some previouslyunreported hydroids from arctic Canada in the collection of the Nluseumof Natural Sciences, a total of 54 species of thecates were identif ied from theshelf r,vaters of northern Canada and are discussed here. Combining the speciesreported in previous papers i,vith the present records, 71 species of thecatehydroids have been identif ied from the study area. This compares with Kramp's(1943) records of 69 species from rvest Greenland,37 species from east Green-land,80 species f rom lce land, and 51 species f rom Spi tzbergen. About 87thecates were l isted b), Naumov (1960) for the northern seas of the USSRand 101 species urere reported frorn the entire Alaska coast by Fraser (1937).

The synonymy listed for each species in this paper includes tl.re l i teraturefor the immediate study area only, namely the waters extending north\\ 'ardfrom the coastl ine betu,een the Strait of Belle Isle and the Alaska-Yukonborder. A paucity of n'raterial from nortl.rern Neu,foundland precluded a de-tailed treatn'rent of the h)'droids of that region. The distribution given foreach species discussed refers to their presence in cold rvaters of the northernhemisphere only. Records frorn the northern North Atlantic were derivedrnainly from Kramp (1943), those frorn the northern and far eastern seas ofthe TISSR f rom Naumov (1960). and those of Alaska f rom Fraser ,1937).

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT

Order THECATA (CALYPTOBLASTEA)

Fami ly HALECTIDAEHalecium cura'icaule Lorenz, 1886

Plate I , F ig. 1, 2

Collection records - Stations 13, 226, 333, 6l-32, 65-1.506,

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1.503C.\LDER: TIIECATE IIYDROIDS FRO\{ NORTHERN C'\N-\n-\

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1.504 .To I IRN-{L F ISHERIES RESEARCH I IOARD OF CAN, \DA, VOL.2 t - , NO. e" 1e7( l

Ia.ern 1. Calanu-s and Solztel, inus statiols at which thecrrte hydroids were collected.

Station Locat ion \ \ I Date Depth (rz)No.

Bottom species

1 1I J

2 0 , 2 1

2 833581031061091 2 6201C2032062082102 2 r2 2 52 2 622923rJ I '

3 1 83 1 93 2 1J Z Z

331333334+06J I I

5 2 0

5476086096116167227238 1 18 1 58208218s79 0 1

59'1 1 ' ,

59 30s9 53-54

5 8 5 4 . 55 9 1 360 0560 2+60 2160 2s60 045 9 2 9 558 5060 456 1 0 5 . 36 1 0 4 562 126 0 4 0 s60 3859 295 9 2 8 . 562 4+62 436 2 2 162 2362 4662 4262 396 2 3 862 7163 276 2 2 7

63 416 2 4 4 5o l J / . . )

6 2 5 9 76 3 1 5 569 206 9 2 2 76 9 3 7 269 43 .26 9 5 5 77 0 0 0 569 t669 06

68" 47'69 0069 29-31

68 5965 4565 0664 5864 5866 2569 2665 20 . .568 186 9 1 769 3469 3969 386 4 3 9 76 4 3 8 . 96 5 1 7 . . 565 1565 2965 38O J I O

64 5865 556 5 3 1o J + / . )

65 526 5 2 6 . 584 087 9 5 1

8 0 1 283 3982 +382 3983 4182 008 1 4 4 38 1 0 6 . 382 0780 198 0 1 277 +87 9 1 1

12 VI I 4713 VI I 471 8 V I I 4 7

1 9 V I I 4 78 V I I I 4 7

28 VI I 486 VI I 497 Vrr 49

16 VI I 4923 VIII 4929 VI 508 VI I 50

1 5 V I I 5 02 0 V I I 5 02 1 V i I 5 04 V I I I 5 0

1 2 V I I I 5 01 3 V I I I 5 02 6 V I I I 5 02 7 V I I I 5 09 V I I I 5 19 V I I I 5 1

1 1 V I I I 5 11 1 V I I I 5 11 2 V I I I 5 122 VIII 512 4 V I I I 5 12 4 V I I I 5 122 VI t 528 I X 5 34 V I I I 5 3

3 I X 5 39 V I I I 5 4

1 0 V I I I 5 41 0 V I I I 5 41 6 V I I I 5 429 IX 552 6 X 5 51 7 V I I I 5 61 8 V I I I 5 62 8 V I I I 5 62 9 V I I I 5 69 i x 5 6

29 VI I r 57

l ingava Ba1

Hudson Stra i t

Ungava Bay

Frobisher Bay

N Hudson BayNE Hudson

B,tyFoxe ChannelN Hudson Bay

N Foxe Basin

+646-55

64

2 718-27

2 0145-255100-110

1 1 07 0-9180-100

3090

80 9090-1 1 027+22

90-1000-13

63-902 7 3 6

55113 -118

a 1

1197 1

r01-137183-192

461 8 2 17 3-9r

Rock, sand

I(OCI<, muo,sand

RockRock, mLrd

Rock

Rock

M u d

Rock

Rock

Rock, rnudRock

Rock

Sand, fa.,el

Rock

3 21 849 Rock, clay

85-90 Rock36-45 Mud2 2 2 +

106 Rock.).)73 Mud

0-s045 55 Sand, rock

0-34 Nllud, sand,rock

221

6l . )

20+I1t ,

912q

+6

1 A

3232261336

I

4

1 t

231

2 111

1 111235

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CALDERT THEC,\TE HYDROIDS I. 'RO\,I NORTHERN CANAD-\ 1505

'I 'esJ-lr l. Calanus and SaLvelinus stations at which thecate hydroids were collected . (Conclud.ed.)

Station Location DateNo.

Depth (z) Bottom species

58 33 SE Hudson 57"23'Bay

59-2t " 56 2859-29 " 55 5059-50 " 58 005 9 6 4 " 5 5 1 3s9-66 , ' 55 4559-68 ,, 56 1959-69 " 56 16'

60-100160-102561-1ol-.)

61-861-10

61-1 1o r - l J

61-1861-2461-266t -3261-3561-436 i 1 0 1 562-o1962-03262-201262-201462-400162 400362-401162-430563-00463-02063-02564-00465-1044

79"39', 16 IX 58

78 04 21 VI I 598 0 1 5 3 V I I I 5 97 9 3 8 1 7 V I I I 5 982 08 31 VI r I 5982 24 31 VI I I 5982 1,6 31 VIII 5982 42 ' , 31 VI I I 59

138 55 26 VI I 60138 55 14 VI I I 609 3 5 5 2 1 V I I 6 19 1 0 5 2 5 V I I 6 1

90 21 27 Vr r 619t 43 30 VI I 61

9 1 2 7 3 0 V I I 6 18 8 3 7 6 V I I I 6 1

8 7 2 0 6 V I I I 6 18 6 4 5 9 V I I I 6 186 44 10 VI I I 618 + 1 2 1 4 V I I I 6 183 45 24 Vrrr 6l85 09 28 VI I I 61

1 2 8 3 5 1 0 V I I 6 11 3 0 1 9 3 V I I I 6 2130 19 12 VI I I 6294 05 25 Vrr 6294 06 25 Vrr 629+ 13 23 Vr 6294 12 28 VI 6294 18 .3 25 VI l 6296 27 .4 16 Vr r 62

r25 01 4 VI I I 63r 2 3 3 3 . 3 1 2 V I I I 6 3125 54 20 VI I I 631 0 5 1 6 . 6 6 I X 6 4109 15 23 VI I I 65

56 50 30 VI I 65

56 46 31 VI I 6556 06 31 VI I 655 5 3 8 3 V I I I 6 5

90-95 Mud, rock 1

3 6 - 937-40 Rock 550-60 " 923-26 Gravel 8

70 Mud 4100 107 " 2

126 Mud, szrnd, 7gravel

1 2 3 7 M u d 23.5 Mud, debr is 160 Rock, mud 8

63-71 Rock 3

4 8 5 8 " 275-90 " 3

20-70 " s4 5 " 1

5 21+-46 l{ock 540-75 " 9

145-160 Mud, rock 11 5 5 - 1

85-92 - 912 Mud, sand 1

2- to " 11 0 " 336 N1[ud, clay I35 Clay 2

35-62 - 410-30 Sand, rock 3

i 8 - 14 0 _ 1

27-32 Mud 248-52 Mud, rock 1

1 1 0 1 3 0 M u d 13 8 - 1

t 2 0 - 4

65-1502 Strait of BelleIsle

6s-1 50565-1 50665-1 5 10

MacKenzie Bay

W Hudson BayNW Hudson

"uf,Chesterlield

I n let

Roes \Velcornet",'io

Foxe BasinFrozen Strait

Liverpool Bay

Creswell Bay

Bu..o* Struit',:'

Queens ChannelFranklin BayDarnley BayFranklin BayCambridge BayCoronation

Gulf

6 9 3 2 . 569 3360 2462 30

63 0463 43

63 3963 52

63 3465 0765 246 6 1 l65 3666 137 0 t l69 +9 .369 487,2 4+.67 2 4 + . 174 36/ + J / . J

7 4 3 7 . 87 6 3 770 066 9 3 9 369 526 9 0 2 . 868 18 .2

5 1 2 6

5 1 2 051 4952 08

J I

46-6470-9955-64

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1506 JOURNAL FTSHERIES RESE-\RCn lo- \ l tD oF cr-A.N-A.D-{ , v()L. )7, No. 9. 1970

Descr ipt ion - Colorr ies creeping or upr ight , reaching 7 r i r r r h igh, hydrocaulus monosiphonic.Internodes ar is ing s ingly or in l ra i rs, crr rv ing upuard abnrpt ly f rom their or ig in just below thehydrothecae and usLral ly terminat ing dista l ly in a hydrothec:r , per isarc th in, srnooth, wi th a

bulge above a well-marl<ed node near the proximal end. Internodes typically long and slender in

upright colonies, shorter in creeping colonies. H1'drophores occasionirlly renovated, hydrothecaeshallow, 32-53 p (diaphragrn to rr-rargin), margin sc:rrcely llaring in sorle colonies, strongly flaring

and of ten fo lded over in r - r thers, d iarneter 169-238 p, d i :Lrneter at d iaphragni 116 163 p. Punctae

large, d ist inct , fomri r rg zr r ing just d ista l to the diaphragm.Felnale gonophores llresent only, gonothecae borne on the hydroc:rulus, l:lterally compressed,

pear-sh:rped in broad vieu'-, a pair of hydranths issuing from :rl asynmetrically placed orifice

at the apical end, per isarc smooth or s l ight ly rvr ink led in sorne colonies, d ist inct ly corrugatedin others.

Remarks - I la lecium cLLr l , icoule has not been rccorded f rom the Nort l i

American Arctic be{ore, but it has been found at several locations in the Ca-nadian At lant ic (Fraser , 1944). In a deta i led study by Dons (1911), H. cur-a'icaule l l-as sho\\in to be a variable species, encollrpassing in its morpholog-vtu'o otlrer described specries, II . milabiLe and 11. repens. Brocl'r (1918) andlrost sullsequent authors have follor.ed I )ons in regarding the latter twospecies as s)'nc,nvnrs of 11. atroic(lxile.

Distribution - Northern Canada (nerv record), rvest, eirst Creenlartd, Iceland, Jan NlaryelIs land, Spi tzbergen, Barents Sea, White Sea, K:rra Sezr, I -aptev Sea.

Holecium grlenland,icum Krantp, 1917Pl:rte I, Fig. 3, 4, 5

ColLect ion, records -- - Stat ion 59-21, 61-1, 61-5, 61-18, 65-15i0.

Descr ipt , iot t - Colonies reaching 3 .5 cm high, hydrocaulus and nain br : rnches polysiphonic,

branching i r regular , branches stra ight or s l ight ly curved but not geniculate, nodes near ly t rans-verse, irrternodes straight, long, each with several hydrophore-bearirrg apophyses, :rpophysisar is ing f rorn zr ly point on the internode f roni proxinr : r l to d ist : r l e ld, a ld f rom any s ide. Per isarcth ick, bulg ing s l ight ly near the nodes, smooth or s l ight ly wr i r rk led elservhere. Hydrophores wi tha deep basal chan'rber, often renovated, up to aboLrt 7 times, basal charnber of secondary hydro-phores of variable length. Hydrothecae shallou,, nerrgin flaring very slightly br-rt not everted,diaphragrn dist inct , punctae smal l , numerous.

Gonophores ernd an occasional hydrophore borle ol :r delse tangle cif ranrified stolonsarising at or near the base of the colony, gonothecae kidney-shaped with a very small apertureon a small process near the distal end, perisarc thin, spines and annulations absent.

Remarks - Collection records suggest that this distinctive species, orig-inal ly descr ibed by Kramp (1911) f rom nor theast ( ' reenlzrnd, is fa i r ly commonin I-Iudson Bay. It is previously unreported in North American {,aters, butits knorvn distribution indicates tl-rat it rna_v be circumpolar.

Distribution -Northern Canada (new record), west, east Greenland, Barents Sea, WhiteSea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea.

Halec,ium, labrosum. Alder, 1859Plate I, Fig. 6, 7, 8

Halecium Labrosum Broch, 1907, p. 5; Fraser, 1922, p.5; 1931, p. 481; KrzLmp, 1932b, p.55; Fraser, 19411, p. 195, f ig. 173.

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1 507CALDER: TFIECAI'E HYDI{OIDS l ' ' I tOIl NOI{THEIiN CANADA

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1508 JOURNAL I i IsHERIES RESI ' - \RcH BoARD ol . 'C-\NAD,\ , vot , . ) i , No. ! ) , 1970

Col lect ion ys66yl5 - Stat ions 33, 58, 103, 322, 61-26.

Description - Colonies reaching 5.0 cm high, hydrocaulus and main branches polysiphonic,branching irregular. Hydroids varying considerably in morphology from colony to colony, in-ternodes short to fairly long, perisarc thin to fairly thick, annulations typical or hourglass-shaped,degree of internode annulation varying from slightly wrinkled at the proximal end to annulatedthroughout, branches occasionally geniculzrte. Apophyses distal on the internode, giving rise tohydrothecae or branches. Hydrophores with deep basal chambers, margin strongly flaring, oftendistinctly everted. Punctae forming a distinct ring distal to the diaphragm, pseudodiaphragmusual ly evident .

Gonothecae large, oval, flattened, arising from the branches on short pedicels, perisarcof moderate thickness.

Distri,bution - Northern Canader, west, east Greenlald, Iceland, liaeroes, Spitzbergen,Barents Sea, \\rhite Sea, Kara Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Haleeium m'inutum Broch, 1903Plate I , F ig. 9

Collection ys60yd.5 - Stations 226, 837, 59-29, 6l-11, 61-43, 65-1506.

Descript'ion - Colonies reaching 1.3 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, 95-716 p ir.r diam-eter, oftetl geniculate, branching irregular, branches arising just below the hydrothecae, oc-casionally 2 branches arising at the same height on, but from opposite sides of the h1rd16q1111ur,giving the colonies a dichotomous appearance. Hydrophores often renovated, up to 5 times,hydrothecae deep, cup-shaped, 121-27I p long (diaphragm to rnargin), margin flaring, diameterat diaphragm l05-132 p, diameter at margin 253-316 p. Punctae present just distal to the dia-phragm, some colonies with a pseudodiaphragm immediately belorv the diaphragm. Hydrocauluswith one or a few hourglass-shaped annulations at the distal end of each internode, smooth else-lvhere, secondary hydrophores, if present, annulated basally.

Gonophores not seen.

Remarhs - I have not follou,ed Naumov (1960) in regarding this speciesas a synonyln of FI. corrugatum. In his original description of H. corrugatu?nNutting (1E99) stressed that the pedicels were completely annulated, urhereasin Broch's (1903) description oI H. m,inutLlnx aflnulations u-ere fer. and usuallyrestricted to the distal end of the internodes. Apparent differences also existin the type of coiony fornred, H. minutum being alternately branched, f1.corrtlgatunx rarely branched, and in hydrotheca size, those oI H. corrugatur,xbeing small , H. nt'inutu?n relatively large" Further, the gonothecae ol H. cor-rugatLLin as described by Fraser (1937) are distinctly different from thoseaf H. m'inutwm descrlbed by Broch (1903). Ilaleciunn undLLlaturn appears tobe much more like H. corrugatuin tl7afi does -Iy'. m,ittttturn. Ila.leci,um mintttumhas been reported from eastern Canada (Fraser, 1944) but not from the studyarea before.

Di'stributi.on - Northern Canada (new record), west, east Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen,Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Bering Sea.

Ifalec'ium. nTuricatum (Ell is and Solander, 1786)Plate I , F ' ig . 10; Plate I I , F ig. 1

Ilalec'ium muricatum Packard, 1863, p. 403;1867, p.264;1891, p. 369; Whiteaves, 1901,p .24 ; B roch , 1907 , p .5 ; F rase r , 1922 , p .5 ; 1931 , p .481 ; K ramp ,1932b , p .55 ; F rase r , 1944 ,p. 197, f ig. 176.

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CALDER: TFIEC.{TE HYDROIDS I-RON'I NORTHERN C.{NAD;\ r509

Col lect ion 7s56yL5 - Stat ions 33, 58, 226, 547, 616,901, 61-5, 6 l -8, 61-43, 65-1502. Also

Nat ional Museums of Canada (N.M.C.) col lect ion, south of Bart let t Is land, Hudson Bay' Julyl+, 1963, col lector A. H. Clarke.

Descri.ption - Colonies reaching 5.5 crn high, hydrocaulus ernd mainbranches polysiphonic.

Branching irregular, branches pinnately branched. Internodes slender, about 4 times longer than

wide, perisarc of moderate thickness, bulging slightly near the nodes, smooth elsewhere, nodes

oblique, sloping alternately left and right. Hydrophores often renovated, arising from distinct

apophyses near the distal end of the internodes, hydrothecae 42-79 p deep (diaphragm to margin),

margin flaring, typically curved to a greater degree on the adceruline side, diameter at margin

179-238 p, diameter at diaphragm 121-L43 p. Punctae large, distinct, forming a ring just distal

to the diaphragm. Pseudodiaphragn.r conspiclrous, usually better developed on the adcauline side.

Gonothecae borne on short pedicels arising frorn the polysiphonic hydrocaulus and branches,

oval in broad outline, spindle-shaped in side view, surface covered with spines.

Distri.bution - Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Spitzbergen,

Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk,

Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Halec,ium scutunx Clark, 1876P l a t e I I , F ' i g . 2 , 3

?Halecium beani b'raser, 1922, p.5; 1931, p. 481; 1944, p.186, f ig. 160 (in part).

Collection ys66yL5 - Stations 406, 65-1505.

Description - Colonies reaching 5.5 cm high, hydrocaulus and main branches polysiphonic,

branching irregular. Internodes stout, width across distal end, including apophysis, about half

the length, perisarc thick, smooth, nodes oblique, sloping alternately left and right. Primary

hydrothecae sessile on the apophyses, secondary hydrothecae with fairly large basal chambers.

Hydrothec:re shallow, margin flaring very slightly but not everted, diaphragm distinct, punctae

smal l , numerous.Female gonothecae borne on short pedicels arising from the hydrocaulus, oval, surface

smooth, perisarc fairly thick, aperture position somewhat variable but always lateral and oblique

to the main axis of the gonotheca, margin of the aperture with an adthecal process.

Remarks -This is a robust species similar to but distinguisl-rable from,I1.halecinum and 11. bean,i. mainly in the shape of the female gonothecae. Haleciumbean'i and H. scutum differ from H. halec'inurn it having a lateral rather thana distal gonothecal aperture. Halec'ium scutum differs f.rom H. beani in havingthe aperture oblique to, rather than approxirnately parallel r 'vith the mainaxis of the gonotheca, and in having an adthecal l ingueform protuberance

on the aperture margin (Broch, 1918). Broch, who reidentif ied as H. scutumseveral specimens that had previously been identif ied as H. beani' believedthat the relatively warm\\rater H. bean'i is absent in the Arctic. Fraser's (.1922,

1931, 1944) reports ol H. beani from King George's Sound in Hudson Straitwere probably based on H. scutum. The brief description of the species inhis 1944 monograph could apply to H. scuturx as well as to H. beon'i.

While recognizing H. beani and H. scutunx as being very similar, thereseems to be insulficient basis to regard them as conspecific, as Naumov (1960)

does.

Distributi.on - Northern Canada (new record), west Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Spitz-

bergen, Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of

Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

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1 5 1 0 JOURN, \L FTSHERIES RESEARCH BOARD Or . - C . {N. {D. \ , YOI - .27 , NO.9 , 1970

Halec'ium spec'iosu.m Nutting, 1901Plate I I , F ig. 4

Collection records -- Stations 28, 608, 811, 61-1.

Description - Colonies reaching 2.6 cn'r high, hydrocaulus and main branches polysiphonic,

at least in older colonies, branching irregular, branches geniculate. Internodes arising singly or

in pairs from the previous internode just below the hydrotheca, internodes straight, typically

long and slender, perisarc of moderzrte thickness, annulated proximally, smooth distally and ter-

minating in a hydrotheca. Hydrophores occzrsionally renovarted 1-2 tinres, hydrothecae 42-53 p

deep (diaphragm to margin), margin flaring slightly br.rt not everted, diameter at margin 195-232 rr,at diaphragm 169-190 p. Punctae large, distinct, forming a ring just distal to the diaphragm.

Male gonophores only present, gonothecae elongate, somewhat asymmetrical, arising just

below the hydrothecae from short pedicels, perisarc fairly thin, surface varying from practically

smooth or slightly wavy to distinctly furrowed transversely, being more deeply furrowed on one

side.

Remarks - These specimens very closely resembled hydroids from Spitz-bergen identif ied as H. ornatum by Broch (1910), but Broch's descriptionand figures indicate that his specimerls \\Iere prollali:, H. speciosum. Theoriginal description oI II. ornatun. b-v Nutting (1901) \\ 'as rather meagre, buttlre species evidently differs from 11. speciosum in: (1) being n'ruch less annula-ted; (2) having a nrore ever ted hydrothecal r r rarg in; (3) having less d is t inctinternodes that do not necessaril-v arise belou, the h-vdrotbeca of the precedinginternode. In tl 'rese characters Broch's l iydroids and those of the Calanusexpedition resembled H. speciosuni. Apparent differences in the shape of thegonothecae appear inconsequential; Nutting (1901) believed nlature gonothecaeoI H. ornatunx \\ iould resemble ly'. speciosum.

Distr'ibution - Northern Canada (new record), Spitzbergen, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea,

Alaska.

Halecium, und,ulatum tsil lard, 1921Plate I I, Fig. 5 9

Halecium tenel lum Fraser, 1931, p. 481.

?Halecium tenel lwn Verr i l l , 1879, p. 152; Fraser,1922, p.5;1944, p. 201' f ig. 179 ( in part ) .

Col lect i .on records - Stat ions 331,333, 520,616,59-21,59-64,59-66, 65-1506. Also N.M.C.

collection, Wakeham Bay, washed ashore on Laminaria, October 7927, collector F. Johansen.

Descr'ipti,on - Colonies reaching 1.5 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, often geniculate,

84-143 p wide, branching irregular, branches arising jLrst below the hydrothecae, occasionally

two branches arising at the same height on, but from opposite sides of the hydrocaulus, giving

some colonies a dichotomous appearance. Colonies varying considerably in degree of annulation,

in some colonies perisarc smooth except for one or a few annulations at the distal end of each

internode, in others perisarc annulated throughout, annulatiolts typically hourglass-shaped,perisarc varying from thin to thick. Hydrophores often renovated, up to about 5 times, hydro-

thecae 42-105 p deep (diaphragm to margin), saucer-shaped, margin strongly flaring, often folded

over, d iameter at margin 185-240 p, at d iaphragm 95-116 p. Punctae large, d ist inct , forming

a ring just distal to the diaphragm, pseudodiaphragm occasionally present.

Gonothecae large, oval , f la t tened, 1.6-2.5 mm high, 1.3-1 .6 rnm wide in broad v iew,

arising by a short pedicel from the stolon network. Surface smooth except for two rounded spines

at the apex.

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C.\LDER: THEC..\ 'IE I{YDROI DS IrRO r\ 'I N( ) RTH ER N C.\N,\D.\

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Pr-lrB II . Fig. l . I latec' iutn muricaturn, gonotheca, st:r. 901; Fig. 2. H' scutum, sta.65-1505;-Fig.3. H. scutum,"gorlotheca, sta. 65-1505;Fig. +. a. speciosum, sta. 811; Fig' 5. H. und'ulatum, sta. 333;Fig.6. 11. urldulatum, Wakeham Bay;-Fig. 7. H. undulotum, sta.5-9-64; Fig. 8. 11. undulatum,-

Wakeham Bay; Fig. 9. H. und'ulatum, gonotheca, Wakeham Bay.

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1512 JOURNAL I . ISHERiES RESE' \RCH BOARD or . - cANADT\ , voL .27 , No.9 , 1970

Remarhs - This species is probably more \\ridely distributed than presentrecords indicate. Hamond (1957) shou'ed that numerous arctic and subarctic re-cords of H. tenellum were actually based on specimens of 11. undulatum, and hebelieved the former to be a more southern species than the latter. None ofthe Halecium hydroids from northern Canada approached the small size ofH. tenellunt as described by \ '{ i l lard (1957) and Vervoort (1959, 1966). Spec-imens from \Vakeham Bay identif ied by Fraser (1931) as H. tenellunt wereexamined and reidentified as -F1. und.ulatum.

Distribut'ion - Northern Czrnada (new record), west Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, northernseas of the USSR (?) .

Fa rn i l y LAoDTcETDAD

Ptychogena lactea A. Agassiz, 186.5Plate I I I , F ig. 1

Collection yg50yf,5 - Station 65-1044.

Descript'ion - Colony consisting of a creeping hydrorhiza with upright, spirally coiled,unbranched pedicels of variable length, pedicels merging imperceptably with the base of thehydrotheca, diaphragm absent. Hydrothecae smooth, long and tubular, expanding graduallytoward the margin, occasionally somewhat curved, margin flaring slightly, often renovated.Operculum cone-shaped, occasionally inverted, consisting of a folded membrane, distinctly markedoff from the hydrotheca.

Gonothecae not seel.

Remarks - TI-re hydroids described here are inseparable from Naumov's(1960) account of the polyp Ptychogena lactea from the northern USSR. Theidentity of the hydroid is unsubstantiated by l ife-history studies, but Naumovexpressed litt le doubt that it \\ras the polyp of the circumpolar medusa P.lactea. Naumov's hydroids \\rere collected at depths of 255 and 520 m in theBarents and Kara seas, where the only metagenetic rnedusa at such depths\\ras P. Iactea. The medusa of this species was also reported by Grainger (1965)from tl-Le south Beaufort Sea, not far from the hydroid locality reported here.This is the first report of the hydroid outside Soviet u,'aters.

Distribution - Northern Canada (nerv record), Barents Sea, Kara Sea.

INCERTAE SEDIS

CusptdeLla hum,il,is Hincks, 1866

P l a t e I I I , F i g . 2

Collect, ion ys66yl,5 - Stat ions 608, 611, 616, 811, 58-33.

Description - Colony consisting of a creeping stolon with sessile, cylindrical hydrothecae,hydrothecae reaching 530 p long, 115 p wide, given off at right angles to the stolon, constrictedslightly at the base, diaphragm indiscernible, operculum formed by a folded continuation of thehydrothecal wall.

Gonothecae not seen.

Remarks - CuspidelLa huwiL'is and C. grandis \\iere distinguished byHincks (1868) on the basis of size, but no measurements \ 'vere given and de-

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( ] . \LDER: THECATE HVDROIDS FRON{ NORTHERN CANADA 151.1

termining u-hich species a given hydroid irelongs to is left to a subjective judg-ment by the identif ier. l ' [easurements subsequently published for the twospecies lrave not ah,vays been in accord. Fraser's (194+) C. grand.i,s, for example,is l i tt le larger than Naumov's (1960) C. hurnil, is (the polyp of. Staurophorarnertensi). The present specimens, although larger than Vervoort's (1968)material of the same species, are regarded as C. humili,s, agreeing closely r,viththe descriptions of Broch (1918) and Naumov (1960). However, whereasthe hydroid from Soviet waters r,as l inked by Naumov (1951) to the medusaS. mertens,i, I hesitate to identify the hydroid lrom Calanzs collections as S.mertensi because Rees and Russell (1937) found the polyp of Mitrocornellabrownei, a Cuspi,dello, to resemble C. humi,l is also. Life-history studies havedemonstrated tl-rat a number of medusoid genera in several families possessCusp'idella l-rydroids (Table 2). Thus it appears impossible to ascertain from

TesLE 2. List of medusae known or suspected of having Cuspidella hydroids.

Medusa Hydroid References

Dipleurosoma typ,icum

Laodicea undulataStaurophora mertens'iCosmetiro pil,osella

Mitrocoma annoe

Mitrocomella browneiTiaro psis multicirr ata

Cirrholovenia tetr anema

?Cuspidella sp. "

Cusp,idella sp.Cuspidella humilisCusp'idella sp.Cuspid.ella-like

Cuspi.della sp.Cuspidella tnollis

Cuspid.ella sp.

Browne (1900),RLrssel l (1953)

Russell (1936, 1953)Naumov (1951, 1960)Rees (1941)Metschnikoff (1886),

Russell (1936)Rees and Russeil (1937)Korsakova (1949),

Naumov (1951, 1960)Brinckmann (1965)

aConfirmation needed.

present knowledge of the polyp to r,r.hich medusoid genus or species a givenCuspidella hydroid belongs. \"Ioreover, the polyp of a given medusoid speciesmay vary considerably in morphology. Russell (1936) found that the hydroidof Laod,icea und,ulata varied from small forms like C. humitis and C. clstatato an elongate form like C. grcLndis, and even a partially recumbent formresembling C. procumbens.

While recognizing Cuspid,ella as a junior synonym of several recognizedmedusoid genera, the name must be retained at least temporarily for classi-fying Cuspidella hydroids of uncertain affinity. As life histories become betterknown, hydroids of the genus may then be placed in the genus of the corre-sponding medusa.

Distribution - Northern Canada (new record), west, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes,Sprtzbercen, northern USSR.

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l . ; l+ Io l iRNAr . 1 . 'TSI IERIES RESE. \RCH I3O, \RD oF c - \N- \D- \ , \ ro l .27 , No.9 , 1970

Cuspitlella procumbens Kran-rp, 1911P l a t e I I I , F i g . 3

Collection records - Stations 811, 59-68.

Description - Hydrothecae sessile, smooth, cylindrical, adnate to the stolon for a varying

distance, free portion curving upward, distal portion nearly perpendicular to the substrate, 463-

662 p long, 99-146 p wide, diaphragm indiscernible. Operculum a continuation of the hydro-

thecal wall, with about 8 facets when folded.

Gonothecae not seen.

Di.str'ibution - Northern Canada (new record), west, east Greenland.

Fam i l y PH IALELL IDAE

Opercularella lacerata (Johnston, l8+7)Plate I I I , F ig. 4

Operculare l la lacerata Fraser , 1922, p. 5; 1931, p.481; 1944, p.176, f lg . 150.

Coi lect ion record.s - Stat ions 723, 901,65-1044. Also N.N{.C. col lect ion, south of Herschel

Is land, 4-6 m, August 11, 1960, col lector D. E. McAl l is ter .

Description - Colony reaching about 8 mm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, annttlated

or wrinkled throughout, branching irregular. Hydrothecae turbinate, not distinctly demarcated

from the pedicel, operculum conical, consisting of a folded continuation of the hydrothecal wall,

wi th about 9-10 facets when fo lded, pedicels annulated throughout in a c lose spira l .

Gonothecae not seen.

D'istribut'ion - Northern Canada, west Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Barents Sea, White

Sea.

Fam i l y cALYCELL IDAE

Calycella grcLcil is Hartlaub, 1897Plate I I I , F ig. 5, 6

Collection records - Station 229.

Descript,ion- Colony with a creeping stolon having upright, unbranched pedicels of vari-

able length, reaching 1 .7 mm long, annulated throughout in a c losespira l . Hydrothecaecyl indr ical ,

475-844 p long, 111-147 i r wide at the margin, d iaphragm absent. Operculum wi th about 10 facets

having delicate folds between each adjacent pair, separated from the hydrothecal wall by a

distinct scalloped edge, margin not Ilaring, often renovated.

IVIale gonophores present only, gonophores hxed, sperm developing around a distinct spadix.

Gonothecae arising from the stolon by a short annulated pedicel, smooth, fusiform, 433-675 p

long, 159-206 7r wide in the midregion.

Remarks -This is the first record of this species since its original descrip-

tion from Helgoland by Hartlaub (1897). A similar hydroid 1,'as found in Brit-

ain by Hamond (1957) but its specific identity was not determined. In the

Calanus-salaelinus collections the only record u'as ffom eastern Ungava

Bay where colonies \\rere present on the bryozoan Microporina arliculata.

The gonophores, previously unknown, are sporosacs, confirming Hartlaub's

opinion that the hydroid belongs to the genlus Calycella.

Hydrothecae of C. gracil is are similar to those of the more colnmon C.

syringa but are longer, relatively more slender, and do not f lare at the margin.

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C,\l,DIiR: THECATE IIYDROIDS FRO\I NORTHERN CAN,\D,\

Prero II I . Fig. L Ptychogenalactea, sta. 65-1044; Fig.2. Cusp,id,el la hum'i l is, sta. 611; Fig. 3.C. procumbens, sta.811;Fig.4. Opercularel lalacerato, S of Herschel Is., N.W.T.;Ftg.5. Calycel lagraci l is, sta.229; Fig. 6. C. graci l , , is, gonotheca, sta.229; Fig. 7. C. syringa, sta. 65-1505; Fig. 8.Lafoeina nlaxi'na, sta. 62-400r"; Fis' e. t::!.:rl:r#l,X!:;#l,ijij

trrg,sl:tt rs., Hudson Bav; Fig. 10.

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1 . 5 1 6 JOURNAL FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA, VOL.27, NO. 9 , 1970

Tl're gonothecae of the tr;rro species are distinctly different in morphology,

tlrose of C. syringa being short and oval or club-shaped, those ol C. grac'i l is

being relatively long and fusiform.

Distribution - Northern Canada (new record).

Calycel la syr ' inga (Linnaeus, 1767)

P l a t e I I I , F i g . 7

Calycel lo syringa Hincks, 1874, p. 148; Broch, 1907, p. 7; Fraser, 1922, p.4; 1931' p' 480;1939, p. 59; 1944, p. 166, f ig. 138.

C o l l e c l i o n r e c o r d s - S t a t i o n s 1 1 , 2 0 , 2 1 , 2 8 , 3 3 , 5 8 , 1 2 6 , 2 0 1 C , 2 0 3 , 2 2 1 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 6 , 3 1 7 , 3 1 8 ,321, 406, 512, 547, 616, 811, 90r, 59-21, 59-29, 59-50, 59-64, 61-1, 6r-1r, 6r-2+, 61-43, 62-201+,62-4001,65-1505, 65-1506. AIso N.M.C. col lect ions, mouth of Lake Harbour, Ba6fln Island, 55 m,August 4, 1939; south of Bart lett Island, Hudson Bay, July 14, 1963, col lector A. H. Clarke.

Description- Colony with a creeping stolon and upright, unbranched pedicels of varyinglength, annulated throughout in a close spiral. Hydrothecae cylindrical, often somewhat curved,278-563 p long (base to margin), 119-212 p rvide at the margin, diaphragm absent. Operculumrvith about 9-13 facets when folded, separated from the hydrothecal wall by a scalloped edge,margin flaring slightly, often renovated.

Gonophores fixed, mature gonangia with acrocysts. Gonothecae oval or club-shaped, smooth,borne on short annulated pedicels arising from the stolon.

Remarks -This hydroid occurred at more stat ions (35) than any other

species. As Broch (1913) noted, the operculum is easi ly lost in t l i is species,

occasional ly complicating i ts identi f icat ion. Determination of such specimens

is usually faci l i tated by the presence of entire hydrothecae on the same stolon

system, but even in the absence of an operculum a careful examination of the

hydrotheca shape wil l normally establ ish i ts identi ty.

Distr,ibution - Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Spitzberger-r,Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk,Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Lafoe,ina nxaxinxa Levinsen, 1893

Pla te I I I , F ig . 8

Lafoeina ma*ima Broch, 1907, p. 3.

Meganema claviformi,s Fraser, 1939, p. 60, frg. 2.

Collect'ion vs6svd.5 - Stations 616, 59-50, 6l-26, 62-032, 62-4001, 62-4003, 62-+011.

Descri.ption -- Colonies large, clavate, consisting of an upright polysiphonic rhizocaulusnearly uniform in diameter throughout, reaching 5.5 cm high, 4 mm wide, unbranched. Hydro-thecae sessile, cylindrical, closely set, curving outward from the rhizocaulus. Operculum a cone-shaped lid, occasionally inverted, formed by a folded continuation of the hydrothecal wall. Nema-tothecae numerous, often reaching outward the same distance as the hydrothecae brtt much moreslender, with a battery of nematocysts near the tip.

Gonothecae not seen.

Rernarhs -Fraser (1939) described a nerv hydroid genus and species'

Meganema claa' iJormis, from Dolphin and f lnion Strait , N'W.T. The genus

Meganema lvas placed in synonl,my with La.foeina by Fraser (1946) but he

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CALDER: THECATE HYDROIDS FROIVI NORTHERN CANAD^\ 1 5 1 7

maintained that L. claviformis, though similar to L. maximo, was a valid species.The characters used by Fraser to distinguish the two vary considerably within

a single colony, and L. claa'iformis is regarded as a synonym of L. maxima.

A great diversity of operculum construction exists in campanulinid hy-

droids, as Kramp (1911) shor'ved. Despite Kramp's detailed descriptions

showing tl-rat the operculum in Lafoeina, Cusp'id'ella, "Campanulina," andOpercularella consists of a folded continuation of the hydrothecal wall, insome subsequent papers the operculum is described as being composed of

separate plates or segments. The operculum of Calycella is also a folded cy-

lindrical membrane but differs in being separated from the hydrotheca by

a scalloped edge, and is formed from the periphery of the hydrothecal roofrather than the hydrothecal wall. In Tetrapoma the operculum is formed

from the original hydrothecal roof as well, but the inner folds become split

off so that the covering actually does consist of separate plates. Fully developed

hydrothecae of Lovenella have an operculum of separate plates also'

Distribution - Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, Barents

Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Bering

Sea, Alaska.

Stegopoma plicatile (M. Sars, 1863)Plate I I I , Fig. 9

Stegopomo pl icat i le Fraser, 1931, p. 481 ;Kramp,I932b, p ' 27; Fraser, 1944, p. 179' { ig ' 154'

Collection record,s - Station 334. Also N.M.C. collection, south of Bartlett Island, Hudson

Bay, July 14, t963, collector A. H. Clarke.

Description-Colonies reaching 3.5 cm high, hydrocaulus and branches polysiphonic

except at the extremities. Hydrothecae large, fusiform, usually curved, free from the hydro-

caulus and supported by a short pedicel, or with the adaxial wall adnate to the hydrocaulus for

a varying distance, diaphragm absent. Margin with two large teeth, operculum in the shape of

a rooflike lid.Gonophores not seen.

Distribution - Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, Barents Sea,

white Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea.

Tetrapoma quadlid'entatum (Hincks, 1874)Plate I I I , Fis. 10

Collection vs56vd,5 - Stations 58, 103, 226, 406, 547, 616, 6l-26, 65-1506'

Desuiption - Colony with a creeping stolon and upright, unbranched pedicels of varying

length, spirally annulated throughout. Hydrothecae cylindricai, often somewhat curved, 384-

596 p long (base to margin), 172-192 p wide at the margin, diaphragm absent. Operculum of

four plates, each hinged basally, margin flaring slightly, occasionally renovated, with four teeth.

Gonothecae not seen.

Rencarks -Although this hydroid resembles Calycella syringa it is dis-

tinguishable in having four marginal teeth and four opercular plates' The

only other report of this species in North American waters is Stafford's (I9I2)

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1.518 JoI- ' iR\ \L FIsrrERrES RESE-\RCH BO-\RD oF c\N-\D-\ , VoL,27, \o.9, 19711

record fron'r (iersp6, Que., in thc ()ulf of St. L:rrvrence. It rvas originally des-cribed fror.r.r l '-rederikshaab, (lreenl:rnd, by 111tr.n. (.1874), u'ho at l irst believedthe material rvas fron Icelar.rd (Kramp, 1938). Tlie species has not been re-ported from Iceland or the Faeroes but the present records indicate that itpenetrates into the subarctic.

Distribution - Northern Canada (new record), west, east Greenland, Spitzbergen, BarentsSea, White Sea, Kara Sea, East Siber ian Sea, Sea of Okhotsk.

Fan r i l y CAMPANULARI IDAE

Campanularia groenland,ica Levinsen, 1893Plate IV, F ig. I

Collect,ion records - Stations 33, 58, 203, 547, 616, 59-50, 65-1505, 65-1506.

Description - Colony consisting of a creeping stolon and upright, unbranched pedicelsreaching 5 mm long, annulated or wr inkled throughout. Hydrothecae campanulate, 935-1019 plong, 585-668 ,u wide, d ist inct annnlar th ickening basal ly , basal chamber smal l , margin wi th about14 deeply cut, rounded teeth, with a distinct line originating between each adjacent pair of teethand running down the hydrothecal wall. Hydrothec:r somewhat polygonal in transverse section.

Gonothecae 1920-2322 p long, 566 952 p u'ide, arising via short, smooth pedicels from thestolon, f lask-shaped, passing gradual ly into a long tubular neck.

Remarhs Althougli C. groenlandico is presumably a circunrpolar species(Brocl-r, 1918), hitherto the n'iost northerly records of the hydroid in Canadarvere from the vicinity of the Queen Charlotte Islands in tl-re Pacific (Fraser,1936) and from Cheticamp Island (Fraser, 1927) in the Atlantic. Campanular,iagroenland'ica r'vas originall). 6"...t0"d near Greenland in Davis Strait by Le-v insen (1893 ) .

Distribution -Northem Canada (r.rew record), west, eilst Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes,Spitzbergen, Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, BeringSea, Alaska.

Campanularia integra I ' {acGil l ivray, 1842Pla te IV , F ig . 2

CampanuiariaintegraHincks, 1868, p. 163; Broch, 1907, p.6; Fraser, 1931, p. 480; Kranrp,1932b, p. 63; Fraser, 1944, p. 122, f ig. 9+.

Campanularia cal ' iculoto Verri l l , 1879, p. 16; \Vhiteaves, 1901, p. 23.

Eucopello coliculata Fraser, 19,14, p. 116, fig. 119.

C o l l e c t i o n r e c o r d s . - S t a t i o n s 2 8 , 5 8 , 2 0 3 , 2 2 1 , 2 2 5 , 3 1 7 , 3 2 1 , 3 3 1 , 5 4 7 , 6 1 6 , 8 1 1 , 5 9 - 2 1 ,61-11,61-24,62-4001,62-+003,62-4305. Also N.M.C. col lect ion, Wakeham Bay, washed ashoreon Lam'inaria, October 1927, col lector F. Johansen; nrouth of Lake Harbour, Baff in Island, 55 m,A u g u s t 4 , 1 9 3 9 .

Description - Colony cor.rsisting of a creeping stolon ar-rd upright, unbranched pedicelsreaching about 4 mm long, wrinkled or spiral ly anr-rulated throughout, or with a few annulat ionsat each end and smooth in the middle, a bal l-shaped annulat ion invariably present at the hydro-thecal base. Hydrothecae campanulate, 618-1002 p long, 434-701 p rvide, nrargin entire, somewhatf lar ing, annular thickening basal ly. Hydrothecal wall varying from thin to very thick.

Gonothecae 835-2255 p long, 568-752 p wide, arisir.rg via a short pedicel from the stolons,variable in shape, strongly ribbed spirally.

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(].\I,DIJR: THECATE HYDROIDS FRO\{ NORTHERN C'\N'\D-{ 1'519

Remarks - Campanularia integra and C. caliculata are regarded as syn-

onyms here because of convincing studies by Broch (1918), who found tran-

sitional forms between the tr,vo on the same stolons. Otherr'vise the two appearquite distinct, the typical c. integra having larger hydrothecae and larger,

long, and relatively slender gonothecae containing sporosacs' the lorm C.

caliculata having smaller hydrothecae, smaller, short, and stout gonothecae

containing eumedusoids. Hydroids of the fornr C. caliculata were found at

stations 28,203, 6l-II, and 62-4305; the remaining records \^rere based on

specimens of the typical form. Naumov (1960) reported that C. integra forma

caliculata is typical of areas subjected to heavy surf or strong currents.

Distribution-Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Jan Mayen

Island, Spitzbergen, Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk,

Sea of Japan, Ber ing Sea, Alaska.

Campanularia speciosa Clark, 1876plate I\ / , Fig. 3

Campanularia speciosa Fraser, 1931, p. 480; 1944, p. 128' { ig. 101'

Collect ion record,s - Stat ions 58, 210, 225,226,547,616,59-50,62-2014' 65-1505' 65-1506.

Descr'iption - Colony with a creeping stolon and upright, unbranched pedicels usuallyless than 4 mm long, annulated or wrinkled throughout. Hydrothecae large, elongate, vase-shaped,narro\ i l near the middle, expanded basal ly and at the margin, 1 65-2.05 mm long,580-650 p

wide at the margin, margin lvith 8-9 rounded, shallow teeth, each with a distinct line running

from its apex a short distance down the hydrotheca. Hydrotheca with an annular thickeningbasally, basal chamber small.

Gonothecae large,2 25-2.67 mtn long, 0.84-0.90 mm

irregularly and indistinctly nrgose with a tr.rbular neck of

Remarks - This large, distinctive calnpaltularian \\ras first described

by Ciark (1876a) from Alaska. Later, Fraser (1913) described as C. magnif,ca

a hydroid from Nova Scotia that differed principally from C. speciosa in the

morphology of the gonotheca. Broch (1918) shorved that the differences used

to distinguish tl-re tr,vo rvere based nlerely on different stages of gonotheca

development.

Distribution - Northern Canada, vr'est Greenland, Spitzbergen, Bare4ts Sea, Kara Sea,

Laptev Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Campanularia vert ici l lata (Linnaeus, 1758)plate I\ / , Fig. 4

Companularia uerticillata Packard, 1863, p. 404; 1867, p. 265; 1891' p. 370; Fraser, 1931,p. 480; Kramp,1932b, p. 64; Fraser, 1944, p. 129, f ig. 103.

Collect ion records - Stat ions 33, 334, 520, 547, 61-35, 65-1502.

Description - Colony consisting of an upright, irregularly branched, polysiphonic rhizo-caulus reaching 6.5 cm in height, nearly the same diameter throughout, terminating in a stump.Pedicels given off in verticils, either annulated throughout or smooth in the middle and annulatedat both ends. Hydrothecae variable in size, 835-1453 p long, 384-668 p wide, margin with rounded

wide, borne on the stolon, oval,

varying length.

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r 520 JOURNAL FISHERIES RESE, \RCH BOARD OF CANADA, VOL.27, NO. 9 , 1970

teeth, varying considerably in shape, from shallow to deeply cut,72-74 in number. Hydrothecaewith a distinct annular thickening basally, basal chamber small.

Gonothecae borne on the rh izocaulus, 1837-2255 p long, 701-802 p wide, fusi form wi th along tubular neck.

Distri.bution - Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Spitzbergen,Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk,Sea of Japar-r, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Co,mpanularia aolubi l , is (Linnaeus, 1758)

Plate IV, Fig. 5

Clytia rolubi,li,s Packard, 1867, p. 265; 7897, p. 369.

Campanu lar iauo l ,ub i . l , i s Fraser , 1922, p .4 ;1931, p .480; 1933, p .566;1944, p . 131, f rg . 104.

C o l l e c t i o n y s c , 6 y d . s - S t a t i o n s 2 8 , 3 3 , 5 8 , 1 0 3 , 1 2 6 , 2 0 1 C , 2 0 3 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 6 , 3 1 7 , 3 2 1 , 3 3 4 , 4 0 6 ,547,609,616,59-29,59-50, 59-64 , 61-1 , 61-11 , 6 t -24 ,6 I -26 ,61-43, 65-1044, 65-1505, 65-1506.

Descr'iption - Colony consisting of a creeping stolon and upright, unbranched pedicelsreaching 5 mm in length, spirally annulated throughout except at the hydrothecal base wherea ba)l-shaped annulation occurs. Hydrothecae deeply campanulate to cylindrical, 463-662 plong, 198-351 p wide, distinct annular thickening basally, margin often renovated, with 10-15shallow, rounded teeth.

Gonothecae borne on the stolons, 9I8 l+20 p long, 351-501 p wide, oval to elongate-ovalwith a iong tubular neck.

Renoarks - I concur rvith Naumov (1960) that C. urceolata Clark, 1876is a synonym of this species. There is nothing in Clark's (187 6a) original descrip-

t ion, or in later descript ions of C. urceolata (Torrey, 1902; Nutt ing, 1901,1915; Fraser, 1937, 1944) to dist inguish i t from C. ztolubi. l is. Fraser (1944)

separated the two on the basis of teeth number (about 10 in C. volubil'i,s, t2-I8in C. urceolata) and hydrotl-recal shape (tubular in C. aolub,ilis, variable inC. nrceolata). However, Broch (1918) found an overlap in teeth number, re-port ing 9-13 in C. volub,i l is, and Naumov (1960) found an overlap in hydrothecalshape.

Distr4bution - Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Jan Mayen Island,Spitzbergen, Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea,Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Gonothyraea loaen' i (Al lman, 1859)

Plate IV, Fig. 6

Gonothyroea loreni Fraser, 1922, p. 4; 1931, p. 480; 1914, p. 149, f ig. 123.

Laomed,ea hyalina Kramp, 1932b, p, 66.

Co l lec t ionye66y i .5 - S ta t ions33,58 ,226,231,616,901,59-21,59-50,62-032,63-004,65-1505.

Descr'iption - Colonies reaching 5 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, horn-coloured,rather geniculate, branching regular, arising from all sides of the hydrocaulus in larger colonies.Hydrothecae variable in shape and size, funnel-shaped to nearly cylindrical, 601-1002 p long,301-468 p wide, margin with 14-15 distinct teeth, truncate distally or faintly notched. Diaphragmthin, basal chamber of moderate size.

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CALDERI THECATE HYDROIDS FROM NORTHERN C^{NADA l J Z L

.tE I

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8Pr-erp IV. Fig. 1. Campanlt ldr ia groenland' ica, sta. 65-1505;,Ftg, 2.- C' integro-,- hydroth-eca,sta. 58; gonoth[ca, sta. 6l-24i Fig.-3. c. speciosa, sta. 65-1505;,Fig, _4._Q. rert, ici l lala, sta. 547;Fig. 5. Cl aolubi,lis, sta.65-1505; FIg. 6. Gonothyraeo Loren,i, sta. 65-1505; Fig. 7 . Obelia gen'iculata,hy-drocaurus, sta. 60e; Fig, 8, o. ,rrt;;i##,,.:t1i"1o;t9?lbf,tr e. Fi'tett'utn ser|ens, on Abietinaria

I

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1522 JOURNAL FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CAN,ADA, YOL.27, NO. 9 , 19 iO

Gonothecae axi l lary, cone-shaped, 668-1169 p long,434-585 p wide, terminal col lar absent.

Ova and sperm developing within meconidiar.

Remarks -The genvs Gonothyraea is recogrrized here for reasons statedpreviously (Calder, 1970). Nutting (1901), Fraser (1944), and Naumov (1960)have been followed in regarding G. hyalina Hincks, 1866 as a synonym ofG. loveni although Broch (1918), Kramp (1932b), and Vervoort (1946) haveseparated them. Brocl'r noted that the tu'o species \\ 'ere very sinti lar but dis-tinguished G. hyali.na by its teeth, which are occasionally bimucronate andby the longitudinal l ines running fror-n the teeth a short distance dorvn thehydrotheca.

Distribution - Northern Canada, west Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Spitzbergen, Barents

Sea. White Sea.

Obel ia genicula la (L innaeus. 1758)Plate IV, Fig. 7

Obel ia genicul ,a la Yerr i l l , 1879, p. 16; Fraser, 7944, p. 158, I ig. 130.

Collection records - Station 609.

Remarks - Tl.rese specinrens u' 'ere in too poor a condition to adequatelydescribe, the preservative having evaporated. Although the hydrothecaewere distorted beyond recognition, the characteristic morphology of the hy-drocaulus facil i tated identif ication.

Distr'ibution - Northern Canada, west Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Barents Sea, White

Sea.

Obel ia longiss ima (Pal las, 1766)Plate IV, Fig. 8

Obelia longissirna tsraser, 1931, p. 480; 1944, p. 162, I ig. 133.

Col lect ion records - Stat ions 203, 60-1001. Also N.M.C. col lect ion, Wakeham Bay, rvashed

ashore on Lam,inaria, October 1927, collector F. Johansen.

Descript'ion - Colony reaching 10 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, dark brown, some-

what geniculate, branching regular, alternate, branches arising from all sides of the hydrocaulus.

Hydrothecae funnel-shaped, 585 601 p long, 301-41 2 p wide, margin entire or wavy, diaphragm

thin, basal chamber large.

Gonothecae axillary, club-shaped, 1169-1720 p long,384-518 p wide, with a small terminal

collar.

Distribution - Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Spitzbergen,

Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk,

Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Family LAFoEIDAITFilellum serpens (Hassall, 1848)

Plate IV, Fig. 9

Fi le l lum serpensFraser ,1922, p.5; 1931, p.481; 1944, p.215, f ig .198.

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C.{LDER: THECATI i I {YDROIDS FROXI NORTHERN CANADA 152.3

Co l l ec l i on vs66v f l 5 - S ta t i ons 33 , 58 , 126 , 201C , 226 ,811 , 59 -64 , 61 -10 ' 65 -1506 . A l so N .M .C .

col lect ion, south of Bart let t Is land, Hudson Bay, July 14, 1963, col lector A. H. Clarke.

Description - Hydrothecae sessile, cylindrical, curving upward from a creeping stolon.

Adnate portion of the hydrothecae smooth, margin eltire, flaring very slightly, opening diameter

713-746 p.

Coppini i r r ru l seen.

Distribution- Northern Car:rdiL, west, east Greenland, Icel:rnd, Faeroes, Spitzbergen,

Barents Sea, \Vhite Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk,

Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alask:r.

Grammar'ia ab'ieLina (t\I. Sars, 1851)Plate V, Fig. 1

Gran'tmaria ob'ietina Broch, 19C)7, p. 7; Kramp, 1932b, p. 34; Fraser, 1944, p. 217, f ig.200.

Col lect ' ion vgL6vd5 - Stat ions 210, 520, 547, 811, 65-1506.

Description - Colony reerching 10 cm high, consisting of an upright, irregulerrly branched,

polysiphonic rh izocaulus. Branches polysiphonic throughout, terminat ing abrupt ly , constr ic ted

basally but elsewhere nearly the same diameter as the rhizocaulus. Hydrothecae tubular, arranged

in s ix longi tudinal ser ies on both stems and branches, curv ing outrvard wi th a large port ion f ree,

diaphragm absent. X{argi r r ent i re, c i rcr . r lar , f lar ing s l ight ly , of ten renovated, aperture diameter

334 418 u .NIale and fen.rale gorrothecae bome together in cival coppiniae consisting of elongate, curved

tubes. Male gonothecae oval and pedicellate, female gonothecae sessile, compressed, truncate

distally, with a narrow collar.

Remarks - Whereas Naurnov (1960) reported this hydroid nrainly fronr

nruddlr bottonis, all the present records \\Iere from rocky substrates except

station 65-1506, where tl.re bottonr type $-as unrecorded. Ferti le colonies

of this species \\ iere seen only frorl station 811 in northern Foxe Basin'

Distribution -- Northertr Calada, west, eelst Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Jan Mayen Island,

Spitzbergen, Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan'Ber ing Sea, Alaska.

Grammaria imn't,ersa Nutting, 1901Plate V, F ig. 2

Col lect ion vs66vL5- Stat ion 8i1.

Descr ipt ion-I i ragments of colonies present only, reaching 3.5 crn long, consist ing of an

upright, polysiphonic rhizocaulus. Branches given off nearly perpendicular to the rhizocaulus,

constricted basally but nearly the same diameter as the rhizocaulus elsewhere, polysiphonic

throughout, terminating abruptly. Hydrothecae tubular, arranged in about 7-8 longitudinal

series on rhizocaulus and branches, curvir.rg outward but ll ' ith a very stnall portion free, diaphragm

absent. Margin entire, circular, parallel or nearly so to the branch axis, not flaring, aperture

diameter 167-23O u.Coppinie not seer) .

Reyrarks- 'f l iere

is l i tt le in nrost descriptions of this species to distin-

guish it from G. grac'i l is, described by Stinrpson (1854) from Grand Nlanan

Island, N.B., and knorvn only from the rr,estern Atlantic. Both exhibit similar

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t52+ JOURNAL FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA, VOL,27, NO. 9 , 1970

branching, are less robust than G. ab'ietina, and have strongly curved and largel-vimmersed hydrothecae. According to Fraser (1946) the hydrothecae of G.gracil'is are smaller than those of. G. immersa, but measurements u'ere notgiven. Coppiniae are reported by Fraser (1937) as globular in G.' immersa,ell iptical in G. gracil i ,s (Fraser, 1944). A taxonomic examination of these speciesis needed to determine whether or not they are conspecifrc.

Di.stribut'ion - Northern Canada (new record), west, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes,Spitzbergen, Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea,Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

LaJoea d,umosa (Fleming, 1828)Plate V, Fig. 3

LoJoea ramosa Packard, 1863, p. 404.

LaJoea d.urnosa Packard, 1867, p. 265; 1891, p. 369; Fraser, 1922, p. 5; 1931, p. 481; 1944,p . 221 , f i g . 205 .

Collection ys667f,,5 - Stations 33, 58.

Description - Colony creeping, or upright with a polysiphonic rhizocaulus reach-ing 1 cmhigh, pedicels arising from all sides of the rhizocaulus at an angle typically less than 45". Hydro-thecae tubular, curved, merging almost imperceptably with a short pedicel, pedicel slightly twistedoccasional ly , but not annulated. Hydrothecae 662-927 p long, 252-291 p wide, 2.4-3.3 t imeslonger than wide, hydrothecal rnargin flaring very slightly, occasionally renovated.

Coppinia not seen.

Remarhs -This species is readily distinguishable from L. fruticosa andL. grac'i l l imo by the short, smooth pedicel, making the hydrotheca appearalmost sessile.

Distribution - Northern Canada, west Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Spitzbergen, BarentsSea, \Yhite Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Laf oea f ruticosa ltl. Sars, 185 1Plate V, Fig. 4

LofoeaJru t icoso Broch, 1907, p .6 , f ig . 1 ; F raser , 1922, p .5 ; 1931, p .481; Krarnp ,1932b,p. 30; Fraser, 1944, p. 223, f ig. 206.

Collect ion 7s66vfl ,s - Stat ions 103, 319, 616, 65-1506. Also N.M.C. col lect ion, mouth ofLake Harbour, Baffin Island, 55 m, August 4, 1939.

Descripti'on - Colony occasionally creeping but usually upright u.ith a polysiphonic rhizo-cartlus reaching 2 cm high, branching irregular, pedicels arising from all sides of the rhizocaulusand branches at an angle typically more than 45". Hydrothecae cylindrical, somewhat asym-metrical, abcauline wall convex, adcauline wall convex basally, concave distally, 662-867 p long,298-331 plvide at the margin, 2.2 2.6 t imes longer than wide. Margin entire, sl ightly f lar ing,pedicels spirally coiled several times.

Coppinia not seen.

Ren'tarhs - The differences betu'een robust colonies of L. gracill,imaand delicate colonies of L. fruticzsa are relatively small, and the trvo specieshave been synonymized, most recently by Naumov (1960). Horvever, Broch

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CALDER: THECATE HYDROIDS FROM NORTHERN CANADA l J l S

(1918) shou'ed that the abcauline surface of the hydrotheca in L. gracil l imalacked the basal convexity present in morphologically similar colonies ofL. fruticosa. The typical forms of these trvo species are quite dissimilar, par-ticularly in the size and shape of the hydrotheca.

Distribution - Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Spitzbergen,Barents Sea, northern USSR (?), Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Lafoea gracillirna (Alder, 1856)Plate V, Fig. 5

LaJoea graci l l ima Broch, 1907, p. 6, f ig. 2; Fraser, 7922, p. 5; 1931, p. 481; 1944, p.224,f ig. 207.

Collect ' ion vs66vi,5 - Stat ions 13, 28, 33,58, 208, 2lO, 221, 225, 226,331, 333, 334, 547,616, 811, 820,821,59-21, 59-50 , 59-66 , 59-68 , 60-1001, 61-1 , 61-5 , 61-15 ,6r -26 ,62-2012,62-4001,62-4003,63-020,63-025, 64-004, 65-1506. Also N.M.C. col lect ion, south of Bart lett Island, HudsonBay, July 14, 1963, col lector A. H. Clarke.

Description - Occasionally creeping but usually upright colonies with a polysiphonic rhizo-caulus reaching 5 cm high, branching irregular, pedicels arising from all sides of the rhizocaulusand branches at an angle typicalll' less than 45o. Hydrothecae tubular, curved, adcauline wallconvex, at least basal ly, abcauline wall straight or concave, 530-761 p long, 139-192 p wide atthe margin, 3 .2-+.8 tirnes longer than wide. Margin entire, slightly flaring, occasionally renovated,pedicels spirally coiled about 2-5 times, merging into the hydrotheca.

Coppinia not seen.

Distr'ibution - Northern Canada, west, east Greenlar-rd, Iceland, Faeroes, Jan Mayen Island,Spitzbergen, Barents Sea, northern USSR, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Family sERTULARIIDAE

Abietinaria ab' iet ina (Linnaeus, 1758)

Plate V, Fig. 6

Sertularia abiet ina Packard, 1867, p. 265; 1891, p. 369i Whiteaves, 1901, p. 25.

Abietr inaria abiet ina Kirchenpauer, 1884, p. 31; Fraser, 1944, p.238, f ig.223.

Collect ion ys56yi5 *Stations 126, 616, 65-1502, 65-1506.

Descript'ion-Largest colony 4.7 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, geniculate, nodesoblique, regularly placed but often indistinct, each internode typically with a proximal apophysisand three alternating hydrothecae, the most proximal being axillary. Branches alternate, on twosides of the hydrocaulus, unbranched, divided into internodes of variable length. Hydrothecaelarge, smooth, alternate or subopposite, flask-shaped, wide basally, narrowing to a tubular neckdistally, margin expanded, smooth, oblique to the main axis of the stem, adcauline wall halfor more than half free, operculum of one adcauline valve.

Gonothecae small relative to the hydrothecae, oval, smooth or slightly wrinkled transversely,borne on short pedicels and arising near the bases of the hydrothecae, neck short, cylindrical,terminai aperture large, submarginal teeth present.

Distr'ibution - Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Spitzbergen,Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan,Bering Sea, Alaska.

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JOURNAL FISHERIES RESE. \RCH I ]OJ\RD OF C, \NAD. \ , VOL,27, NO,9 , I9 i { '

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Pi-erB V. Fig. l . Grommar' ia ab' iet ino, sta. 811; Fig. 2. G. ' imwersa, sta. 811; Fig.3. Lafoeadumosa, s ta .58 ; F ig .4 . Z . J ru t i . cosa , s ta .65-1506; F ig .5 . Z . g rac i l l i rna , s ta .62-4003;F ig .6 . Ab ie -tinaria abi.et'ino, sta. 65-1506; Fig. 7. n.*rt\1g,_Fnt.lef Rir.rgnes Is.; Fig. 8. D'iphasia pulchra, sta.

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l l . \ l-DItR: THEC-\TE HYDROIDS FRO\I NORTHERN C'\N.\D.\ 1527

Abietinaria tu.rgid.a (Clark, 1876)plate \1-, Fig. 7

Ab' ie t inor ia turg idah-r tser , 7922,1: .5; 1931, p. 481; 1944, p.240, | tg .225.

Col lect ion records - N.NLC. col lect ion, Isachsen, El lqf Ringnes Is land, August 19, 1954,

46 n-r, collector S. IJ. \' 'IacDonald.

Description - Fragmelt of zr brzrnch only preseut, hydrothecae subopposite, closely placed,

srnooth, widest at the base, narrowing gradually to the n.r:rrgin, adcauline rvall free a short distance,

rnargin smooth, round, obliclLre to the main :rxis of the hydrotheca. Hydr:rnths and operculzrr

valves missing.

Conothecae rlot seel.

Remarks - -This identihcation \\ras lnade on a single fragnrent of a colonl'

in rzrtl.rer poor condition. The specinen bore some resemblance to descriptions

of A. annulata (Ki rchenpauer, 1884) and A. g igantea (Clark, 1876a), but

tl-re hydrothecae \vere lrore slellder than in either of these species. The hy-

drotl 'recal nrargin is nearl1, pzirallel to the ntain axis of the h)'dto"outu. 'tt

A. g'igantea and perpendicular in A. annuloto, \\ 'hereas tl 're margin \\ ias oblique

in these specinrens, as in ,4. turgida.This is one of the feu,hydroid species { rour nor ther t r Canada that } ' ras

ltot been reported in the north Atlantic.

Distributian -- Northern Ceurada, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Seir, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering

Sea, Alaska.

Diplrasia pulchra Nutting, 1904plate \/, Fig. g

Diphavia pulchra Fraser, 1922, 1-r. 5; 1931, p. 481; 1944, p. 246, f ig.231

Colleclion records - Station 59-64.

Descr ipt ion - Colorry reaching 2 .6 crn high, hydrocaulus ntorrosiphonic, geniculate, d iv ided

at regular intervals by transverse nodes, each internode typically with a distinct apophysis

proximally, and three hydrothecae, one axillary and two distally placed. Hydrocaulus twisted,

branches arranged in a spira l d ista l ly , broken of f proximal ly but apophyses spira l ly arranged,

branches unbranched or d ichotomously branched, d iv ided into long, i r regular internodes, each

bearing several hydrothecae. Hydrothecae smooth, subalternate, nezrrly cylindrical, narrowest

at the margin, widest in the nidregion, pair widely separated front and back, abcauline wall

475-591 p long, adcauline wall erdnate for most of its length, flee portion continuing uprvard,

mzrrgin smooth with a large adcauline sintts, operculum of one adcauline valve.

Gonothecae not seer.

Remarks - Hydranths in tl ie specilrens from Hudson Bay \{ere too

decornposed to indicate the presence or absence of an abcauline caecum, but

tlre species \\ras placed in Diphasia rather tl ' tan Abiet' inaria sinc.e Kramp (1932a)

was unable to {ind an al)cauline caecunr in specintens from west (;reenland.

Di,stributi,on - Northern Car:rda, west Greenland, Spitzbergen, Barents Sea, White Sea,

Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea.

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1528 JOURNAL FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA, VOL.27, NO. 9 , 19 iO

Dynamena purni la (L innaeus, 1758)

Plate VI , F ig. 1

Dynamena pumi la Packard, 1863, p. 404; 1867, p. 265; 1891, p. 369.

Sertu l ,ar ia pumi la Whiteaves, 1901, p. 25; Fraser, 194+, p.286, f rg.274.

Collection record,s - N.NLC. collections, Bay of Exploits, Nfld., September 13,1923, collectorA. G. Huntsman; June 25, 1966, col lectors D. E. McAl l is ter , W. H. van Vl iet .

Description - Colony reaching 1 .7 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, proximal athecateportion twisted, branches irregularly placed when present, arising just below the hydrothecae on

the proximal portion of the internode, smooth or twisted at their origin, occasionally rebranched.Hydrothecae opposite, two per internode, separated front and back, nearly cylindrical, curvingoutward with about I of the adcauline wall free. Operculum of two valves, the abcauline larger,hydrothecal margin with two distinct lateral teeth and a small median adcauline tooth. Ab-

cauline caecum absent.Gonothecae arising below the hydrothecae from the proximal part of the internode, pear-

shaped, often slightly rugose, terminating in a short collar, aperture wide.

Renoarks - Dynamena pumila is a rvell-known Atlantic-boreal hydroidoccurring primarily in the intertidal zone, although Naumov (1960) reporteda specimen from a depth of 270 m. In Canadian \\raters it has been reportedno further north than southern Labrador, and is unreported in the northPacific except for a single questionable record by Clark (1876b) from California.

Distribution - Northern Canada, west Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Barents Sea, WhiteSea.

Sertularella p,innata Clark, 1876Plate VI, Fig. 2

Sertulorella pinnata Fraser, 1931, p. 481; 1944, p. 267, fi.g. 256.

Collection record,s - Station 616.

Description -A 7.5-mm long fragment of a branch present only, bearing 13 hydrothecae.Internodes 512-633 p long, each with one hydrotheca, 111-163 ir wide at the node, nodes slightlyor distinctly oblique. Hydrothecae alternate, short, tubular, pointed outward, total length ofadcauline wall 453-517 p, length free 238-348 p, margin with three well-developed, pointed teeth,median adcauline tooth recurved toward the branch, width at margin 274-312 p, perisarc thickenedat the margin and at a point on the abcauline wall i-3 of the distar-rce to the margin, opercularvalves missing.

Gonothecae not seen.

Remarhs -Originally described from Alaska by Clark (1876a), thisa distinct but evidently rare species, particularly in the Atlantic wherelras been reported only from Jan N{ayen Island, by Lorenz (1886).

Distr'i,bution - Northern Canada, Jan Mayen Island, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Sertularella polyzonias (Linnaeus, 1758)Plate \/I, Fig. 3-5

Serlul'aria pollzonias Packard, 1863, p. 442; Whiteaves, 1901, p. 25.

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CALDER: THECATE HVDROIDS FROM NORTHERN CANAD.\

Colulina polyzonias Packard, 1867, p. 264; 1891, p. 369.

Sertularel ia polyzonias Fraser,7922, p. 5; 1931, p. 481; 1944, p.268, f lg.258.

15 29

Col l .ect ion record,s - Stat ions 58, 109, 208, 210, 226, 616, 821, 59-21,59-29, 59-50, 59-64,61 -1 , 61 -10 , 65 -1505 , 65 -1506 .

Description - Colonies reaching 3 . 8 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, straight or slightlygeniculate, unbranched or irregularly branched, branches usually long and like the hydrocaulus.Hydrocaulus and branches divided at regular intervals by oblique nodes sloping alternatelyin opposite directions, internodes varying from short to fairly long, widest at the base of thehydrothecae. Hydrothecae alternate, given off from the distal end of the internode, walls smooth,slightly wrinkled or distinctly corrugated, width maximal near the base, minimal just below themargin, distal portion quadrate, abcauline wall 1078-1400 p long, length of adcauline wall free866-1132 p, adcauline wall adnate 493-612 p, margin 453-559 p wide, often renovated, withfour equally developed teeth, operculum of four valves. Perisarc on hydrocaulus thin to thick,annulated at the base, wavy or annulated near the nodes.

Gonothecae oval, transversely furrowed, aperture distal, surrounded by four prominent

spines.

Rentarks - All the examined material from northern Canada correspondedto the robust form of this species, regarded by some authors (Nutting, 1904;Fraser, 1944; Naumov, 1960) as a distinct species, S. g'i.gantea Nlereschkowsky,1878. Broch (1918), Vervoort (1946), and others have regarded S. giganteaas a synonym of S. polyzonios since Kirchenpauer (1884) reported inter-mediate forms between the typical and robust varieties. The robust form ismore common in the Arctic than the typical form (Broch, 1918).

Distribution - Northern Canada, rvest, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Jan MayenIsland, Spitzbergen, Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Sea ofOkhotsk, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Sertularella tenella (Alder, 1856)

Plate VI , F ig. 6

Sertul.arella tenel,l,o Fraser, 1946, p. 77, 288.

Col,l,ection record.s - Station 59-66. Also N.M.C. collection, south of Bartlett Island, HudsonBay, July 14, 1963, collector A. H. Clarke.

Desu,iption - Colonies reaching 1 .1 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, geniculate, un-

branched, divided at regular intervals by shallow oblique nodes sloping alternately in oppositedirections, internodes L.0-2.l mm long, slender, 116-143 p wide at the nodes, expanded distally.Hydrothecae aiternate, widely separated, fusiform, widest in the midregion, narrowest just below

the margin, borne di'stally on the internodes, abcauline wall 657-791 p long, less than half of the

adcauline wall adnate, length adpate 306-348 p, length free 476-608 p, walls rugose, distal portion

of the hydrotheca quadrate, aperture perpqndicular to the main hydrothecal axis, margin 253-306 p

wide, with four distinct, equally developed teeth. Perisarc on hydrocaulus thin to fairly thick,

wrinkled near the nodes, annulated at the origin frorn the hydrorhiza but typically smooth else-where.

Gonothecae not seeu.

Remarks- Sertularella gen'iculalo Hincks, 1784. reported off the New-foundland coast by Fraser (19++), is similar to and possibly synonymous withS. tenella. Hincks (1874) recognized the similarity of his species to S. lenel' la

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15.30 Jo t lR \ , \ I - F ISHERIES RESE. \RC]H BO, \RD oF c . \N. \D- \ , \ ro l .27 , No.9 ' 1s70

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Pr-e.rE VI. Fig.7. Dynameno pt+mila., Bury of Exploits, Nfld.; Fig. J.,Sertul,arella p'innata, s.ta.616; Fig. 3. S. iotyzonias, sta. 65-1505; Fig. a. S. f iolyzonias,-. ta. 65--15061 Fig. 5.^S. polyzonias,sonotheta, sta. '65:1505;f ig.0..S. teneita,\ of Bait lei t Is., Hudson Bgy;.f^ig.7. S. tr icuspidata,

sta. 65-1506;-Fig. 8. S. tr icuspidato, gorrotheca, sta. 65-1506

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C,\LDER: TI'IEC-\TE HYDROIDS FRO\I NORTHERN C.\\.\D,\ I . ) .1 I

but believed that it rvas distinct. ' fhe

trvo species have since been regardedas synonymous by authors inc luding Hart laub (1901) and Broch (1910),wlrereas others, including Nutting (1904) and Fraser (I9+4), have recognizedboth. Specimens reported here more nearly correspond to descriptions ofS. tenella.

Distribution -Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Jan N{ayen Island, Spitzbergen,Barents Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Sertularella tricuspid.ata (Alder, 1856)

P la te V I , F i g . 7 , 8

Sertularia tricuspi,data Packard, 1863, p. ilOrl; Whiteaves, 1901, p. 26.

Cottr.Iina tricuspidota Packard, 1867, p. 264; 1891, p. 369.

Sertu larel , Ia t r i .cuspidoto Kirchenpauer, 1884, p. 45; Broch, 1907, p.8; Fraser, 1922, p. 5;1 9 3 1 , p . 4 8 1 ; K r a m p , 1 9 3 2 b , p . 4 2 ; F r a s e r , 1 9 4 1 , p . 2 7 4 , h g . 2 6 4 .

Co l l ec t i on reco rd . s - S ta t i ons 33 , 58 , 106 , 126 , 201C ,203 , 210 ,225 ,226 , 319 , 321 , 547 , 616 ,5 9 - 2 1 , 5 9 - 5 0 , 5 9 - 6 4 , 5 9 - 6 6 , 6 0 - 1 0 2 5 , 6 1 - 1 , 6 1 - 8 , 6 1 - 2 6 , 6 5 - 1 0 4 4 , 6 5 - 1 5 0 6 . A l s o N . M . C . c o l l e c t i o n ,south of Bart let t Is land, HLrdson Ray, July 14, 1963, col lector A. H. Clarke.

Descr ipt ' ion - Colonies reaching 2.5 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, geniculate,alternately or dichotornously branched, branches like the hydrocaulus, arising near the baseof a hydrotheca, each axil thus being occupied by a single hydrotheca, branches usually long,given off at a wide angle and often perpendicular to the hydrocaulus, adding to the dichotomousappearance of the colony. Hydrocaulus and branches divided at regular intervals by shallowtransverse or s l ight ly obl ique nodes, intemodes 691-1200 p long, s lender, 111-180 rr wide at thenodes, each bearing a single hydrotheca near the distal end. I{ydrothecae alternate, widely separat-ed, cylindrical, ctrrved ontu'ard, rvalls srnooth, abcauline wall 492-565 p long to tip of teeth,usual ly less than hal f of the adcaul ine wal l adr. rate, length adnate 227-258 p, length f ree 391-465 p(to t ip of adcaul ine tooth) , margin 232 269 p rv ide, wi th one adcaul ine and two abcaul ine teeth,all equally well developed, operculum of three valves, nargin often renovated. Perisarc usuallythin on hydrothecae and branches, thicker on the hydrocaulns, annnlations present on the proxi-mal-most branches and terrdr i ls , usual ly srnooth elsewhere except for a s l ight bulge near thenodes.

Gonothecae arising just below the hydrothecae on both hydrocaulus arld branches, ovalwi th deep t ransverse r ibs, aperture dista l , smal l , round, on : r smal l tubul i form neck having aflaring margin.

Distribut'ion - Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Jan N1[ayen Island,Spitzbergen, Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea,.Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Sertularia cupress,ina Linnaeus, 1758

Pla te V I I , F ig . 1

Sertularia cupressina Packard, 1867, p. 265; 1891, p. 369.

Thu' iaria cupressina Whiteaves, 1901, p. 27; Fraser, 1944, p.298,

Collection ys66yd5 - Station 65-1505.

Description -Two fragrnents of a colony present, each about 1rnonosiphonic, straight, divided into internodes of varying length, each

l i g . 2 8 3 .

cm long. Hydrocaulusinternode with from 1

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I 532 JOURNAL FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA, VOL.27, NO. 9, 1970

to 4 branch-bearing apophyses, each having an axillary hydrotheca, perisarc fairly thick, nodes

occasionally indistinct. Apophyses given off more or less alternately from opposite sides of the

hydrocaulus at an angle of less than 45" with the vertical. Branches having the broad surface

horizontal, internodes of irregular length, usually short with 1 or 2 pairs of hydrothecae, branches

dichotomously branched. Hydrothecae subopposite, closely placed, curving outward, the main

axis oblique with that of the branch, abcauline wall 291-371 rr long, adcauline wall adnate 265-331

p, over half its total length, margin with two distinct teeth, operculum with a small adcauline

and a large, moveable abcauline valve, abcauline caecum present.

Gonothecae triangular, flattened, stout, arising near the bases of the hydrothecae, distal

end with two rather short but distinct spines, orifice round, at the end of a short collar, sub-

rnarginal teeth present.

Distribut'ion - Northern Canada, Iceland, Barents Sea, White Sea'

Sertularia fabri,ci,i Levinsen, 1893Plate VII, Fig. 2

Col.l.ection records - Station 65-1505.

Description- Species represented by a 2-cm long fragment, hydrocaulus rnonosiphonic,

slightly geniculate, perisarc thick, internodes uniformly short, each with an apophysis proximally.

Branches spirally arranged, dichotomously branched, forming a dense tuft distally, given off

from the hydrocaulus at an angle of about 45", broad surface horizontal, internodes of irregular

length. Hydrothecae subalternate to subopposite, widest near the base, L39-205 p in lateral view,

tapering to the margin, curved slightly with the margin facing obliquely outward, abcauline

wall 404-510 p long, adcauline wall completely adnate or nearly so, length adnate 503-563 p'

distance between hydrothecae on same side 53-232 p. Margin oval with two prominent teeth,

operculum consisting of a small adcauline and a large moveable abcauline valve, abcauline caecum

present.

Gonothecae not seen.

Distribution - Northern Canada (new record) west Greenland, Iceland, Jan Mayen Island,

Kara Sea, Alaska.

Sertulari,a mirabi|is (Verrill, I872)Plate VII, Fig. 3

Cotrlecti.on record's - Stations 58, 229, 616, 6l-1, 65-1505.

Description - Coionies reaching 3 cm high, hydrocaulus robust, monosiphonic, geniculate,

branches arising alternately from opposite sides of the hydrocaulus, branches unbranched. Hydro-

thecae in two opposite rows on the hydrocaulus, six rows on the branches, sessile, between ] and

I of the adcauline wall free, widest at the base, tapering gradually to the margin, margin with

two teeth, operculum of two valves, abcauline caecum present.

Gonothecae not seen.

Rentarks - In Canadian waters this species has been reported northward

to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Grand Banks on the Atlantic coast, and to

the Queen Charlotte Islands on the Pacific coast, but not from the Arctic.

Distribution-Northern Canada (new record), west Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen,

Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Sertularia plumosa (Clark, 1876)Plate VII, Fig. 4

Collection records - Station 61-26.

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Descr'iption - Species represented by a 1.5-cm long fragment, hydrocaulus monosiphonic'

geniculate, internodes uniform in length, fairly short, each giving off a branch proximally, perisarc

thick. Each internode with three hydrothecae, one axillary and a pair distally. Upper side of the

branch constricted at the origin, branches rigid, dichotomously branched, given off at an angle

of about 45o or more with the vertical, arranged in a spiral about the hydrocaulus, broad surface

horizontal, internodes of irregular length. Hydrothecae subopposite, closely placed, distance

between two on same side 73-166 p, adcauline wall entirely adnate or nearly so, length adnate

444-470 p, abcauline wall 364-397 p long, nearly parallel with the main axis of the branch, hydro-

thecae widest near the base, diameter 113-l+6 p in lateral view, tapering gradually to the margin.

Margin relatively small, with two distinct teeth, operculum consisting of a small adcauline and

a large moveable abcauline valve, abcauline caecum present.

Gonothecae not seen.

Rernarks - In general appearance this species resembles S. robusta and

S. fabricii but is less robust and bushy in its colony form. Sertularia plumosa

is also distinct in having smaller hydrothecae that are immersed to an extent

nearly equal that seen in Thuiaria lara and T. thuja'

Dislribution - Northern Canada (nerv record), Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev

Sea, East Siberian Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Serttr,laria robusta' (Clark, 1876)Plate VI I , F ig. 5, 6

Collection vs66vL5 - Stations 616, 6l-43.

Description - Colonies reaching 5.5 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, geniculate, several

very short internodes at the proximal end, elsewhere internodes moderately short, uniform in

length, with one proximal and two distal hydrothecae and a branch given off just below the

proximal hydrotheca. Branches distinctly constricted on the upper side at the origins, most broken

off beyond the first internode, the remaining stubs given off at an angle of about 45" with the

vertical and arranged in a spiral about the hydrocaulus. Well-developed branches absent on

examined material, partially complete branches with the broad surface horizontal, divided at

irregular intervals by nodes, evidently rebranched dichotomously. Hydrothecae subopposite,

widest near the midregion, tapering distally, those located proximally on the branches having

their main axis parallel or nearly so with that of the branch, a small portion of the abcauline wall

free, margin not turned outward, those located distatly on the branches having their main axis

oblique to that of the branch, a relatively large portion of the adcauline wall free, and the margin

turned outward, length of abcauline wall 457-500 p. Margin oval with two distinct teeth, oper-

culum consisting of a small adcauline and a large moveable abcauline valve, abcauline caecum

present.

Gonothecae not seen.

Distribution- Northern canada (new record), west Greenland, Barents sea, Sea of ok-

hotsk, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

Serttrlaria schnxidti Kudelin' 1914Plate VII, Fig. 7-9

Collect ion record,s - Stat ions 33, 58, 126, 201C, 203, 206,221, 226, 231, 321, 406, 547, 609'

616, 722,811, 837, 59-29 , 6 r -11 , 61-26 , 6 r -43 , 65-1502, 65-1505.

Description-Colonies reaching 2.5 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, geniculate, in-

conspicuous, being nearly or equally as slender as the branches, divided at irregular intervals

by transverse nodes. Internodes having a pair of subopposite hydrothecae only, a branch apophysis

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I-l- l

c l

II

153+ JOURNAL FTsHERIES RESE-\RcH Bo.\RD oF C-\ \ADA, vol , . 27. No. 9, 1970

I 0 . 5 m m I

2

U\

_t; lA I- l

l

Mu[

v\?frar.u _!]] . Fig. _1. Sertularia cupress' ina, sta. 65-1505; Fig. 2. S. fabric, i i . , sta. 65-1505;Fig. 3.s. mira-bi l ' is, .sta. 65-1505j Fis.4.s. plumlsa, sta.6l-26; Fig.5. s. robusta, hydrothecae on distalend o-f b^ranch, sta. 616; Fig. 6, s. robusta, hydrothecae on p?oximal end of same branch, sta. 616;Fig. 7. S. schmidti , sta. 61-11; Fig. 8. S. schinidt i , gonotheca, sta. 61-11; Fig. 9. S. schmidti , gono-

theca, sta. 61-11 ; Fig. 70. S. s, imil , is, sta. 65-1505.

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CALDER: THECATE HYDROIDS FROM NORTHERN CANAD.\ 1 535

with an axillary hydrotheca only, or a proximal apophysis with an axillary hydrotheca and an

adlitional one or two pairs of subopposite hydrothecae distally. Apophyses given off more or less

alternately from opposite sides of the hydrocaulus at an angle usually sornewhat more than 45-

with the vertical. Branches with the broad surface vertical, internodes of irregular length, usually

with 1-3 pairs of hydrothecae, branches unbranched or dichotomously branched. Hydrothecae

small, subopposite, elongate, tapering distally, curved outward, the abcauline wall concave,

243-286 p long, adcauline wall ad.nate 790-226 p, free 167-210 p, convex in the adnate portion,

straight or nearly so along the free portion, opening small, margin with two teeth, operculum

consisting of a small adcauline and a larger, moveable abcauline valve, abcauline caecum present.

Gonothecae obovate, about 570 650 p long, irregularly oval in cross-section, arising near

the bases of the hydrothecae, walls smooth, aperture terminal, circular, about 130 p in diameter,

neck low, indistinct, well-developed submarginal teeth present'

Remarks - This species, known elsewhere only from tl-ie White Sea

near the Solovetsky Islands (Naumov, 1960), was common in the Calanus

collections from the eastern Canadian Arctic. Of the hydroid species in arctic

North America, S. schmidti could be most easily confused with S. similis,

but is distinctly f iner and has more slender hydrothecae with a relatively

larger portion of the adcauline wall free. As Naumov noted, the hydrotheca

shape is rather suggestive of that seen in certain species oI Abietinario. Present

collections indicate that S. schmidti is widespread in the eastern Canadian

Arctic, having been found in Foxe Basin, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Ungava

Bay, Frobisher Bay, and the Strait of Belle Isle. The gonothecae, described

lrere for the first t ime, were found on colonies from stations 203, 206 (Ungava

Bay),226 (Hudson Stra i t ) , 61-11 (Hudson Bay) and 6.5-1505 (Stra i t o f Bel le

Is le) .

Distri,bution - Northern Canada (new record), White Sea'

Sertul,aria similis Clark, 1876Plate VII , Fig. 10

Thuiar ia s im' i l is Fraser, 1922, p.5; 1931, p. 481; 1939, p. 59; L944' p. 307, f ig. 294.

Co l l ec t i on vs5svd ,5 - S ta t i ons 11 , 33 , 58 , 203 ,229 , 318 ,321 , 334 , 520 ' 547 ,616 ,811 ' 837 '

901 , 59 -21 , 59 -29 , 59 -6+ ,61 -10 , 61 -18 , 6 r -2+ , 6 r -26 , 61 -43 , 61 -1015 , 65 -1044 , 65 -1505 , 65 -1506 .

Also N.M.C. col lect ion, mouth of I -ake Harbour, Baf f in Is land, 55 m, August 4, L939.

Descr'iption - Colonies reaching about 3 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, straight or

slightly geniculate, conspicuous, being more robust than the branches, divided at regular intervals

by indistinct nodes into internodes having a proximal apophysis with an axillary hydrotheca,

and two distatty placed subopposite hydrothecae. Apophyses given ofi alternately from opposite

sides of the hydrocaulus at an angle of about 45-90'with the vertical. Branches with the broad

surface vertical, internodes of varying length, usually with 1-2 pairs of hydrothecae, branches

unbranched or dichotomously branched. Hydrothecae subopposite, curved outward, abcauline

wall concave, 206-266 p long, adcauline wall convex, adnate for about half of its length, length

adnate 196-283 p, length free 157-233 p. Margin with two distinct teeth, operculum consisting

of a small adcauline and a larger, moveable abcauline valve, abcauline caecum present.

Gonothecae obovate, irregularly oval in cross-section, arising near the bases of the hydro-

thecae, wal ls smooth, apertr l re terminal , c i rcular , on an indist inct neck, submarginal teeth

present, well developed.

Remarks - This was one of the most common and widespread species

in the examined collection, occurring from the Strait of Belle Isle westward

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I J J O JOURNAL F'ISHERIES RESEARCH BO.\RD OF CANAD.\, VO1,,27, NO. 9, 1970

to Liverpool Bay, N.W.T. It has not been reported from Greenland, Iceland,or northern Europe, but is very common in the far eastern seas of the USSR(Naumov, 1960) and is abundant on the Pacific coast of North America (Fraser,1946).

Distr ibu. t ion - Northern Canada, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Chukchi Sea, Ber ing Sea,Alaska.

Sertti lar' ia tenera G. O. Sars, 1874Plate VI I I , F ig. 1

Thuiari,a tenera Fraser, 1939, p. 59.

Col lect ion ys66yL5 - Stat ions 33, 58, 203, 811.

Descript'ion - Colonies reaching 6.7 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, divided at ir-

regular intervals by nodes, distal 3 or more of the hydrocaulus twisted, branches arranged spirally,arising from large apophyses, dichotomously branched, broad surface horizontal when spirally

arranged, divided at frequent intervals by r.rodes, one to four hydrothecae per internode. Hydro-

thecae subalternate to alternate, widest in the midregion, tapering proximally and distally, diam-

eter of base in lateral view 143-201 p, about half the adcauline wall |ree,232-306 p|ree, 280-343 p

adnate, directed outward and frequently concave, abcauline wall nearly straight. Distance betweenhydrothecae on same side 459-780 p. Margin oval with two distinct lateral teeth, operculum con-sisting of a small adcauline and a larger, moveable abcauline valve, abcauline caecum present.

Gonothecae oval, polygonal in cross-section, arising near the bases of the hydrothecae, trun-

cate distally with a large aperture, submarginal teeth present.

Di.stribution - Northern Canada, west, east Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Spitzbergen,Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk,Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Alaska.

T'huiaria altern'itheca Levinsen, 1893Plate VI I I , Frg. 2

Collect'ion vs56vd.5 - Station 62-032. Also N.M.C. collection, Loubyrne Expedition station 19,

61 :11 'N , 90 ' 00 'W, Hudson Bay , Augus t 15 , 1930 .

Description - Colonies reaching 1 1 crn high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, up to 1 . 5 mm wide,nodes irregularly placed but distinct. Small colonies with branches arising from opposite sides ofthe hydrocaulus, larger colonies with the hydrocaulus twisted, branches given off from all sideson distinct apophyses. Branches long, unbranched or dichotomously branched, broad surface of

the branches horizontal. Hydrothecae in two rows on the branches, smooth, alternate, immersed,

crowded, adcauline wall entirely adnate, margins oval or nearly round and turned alternately

from side to side, abcauline caecum present.

Gonothecae elongate, cone-shaped, arising near the bases of the hydrothecae, smooth, ter-minal aperture large, bounded by an indistinct collar, submarginal teeth present.

Remarks - Bil lard (1925) has been follorved in recognizing Thuiariaas distinct from Salacia, t l:re latter lacking the abcauline caecum present intl-re former.

Di.stribut'ion - Northern Canada (new record), west Greenland, Iceland, Sea of Okhotsk,Alaska.

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CALDER: THECATE HYDROIDS FROM NORTHERN CANADA

Thuiaria c&rica Levinsen, 1893Plate VI I I , F ig. 3

153 i

Collection record.s - Stations 226, 59-66.

Description -species represented by fragments only, the largest 2.3 cm long. Hydrocaulus

monosiphonic, divided at irreguiar intervals into long internodes, each with several alternating

apophyses and subalternate hydrothecae, hydrothecae and apophyses on two sides of the hydro-

caulus only. All branches broken off but one, branch unbranched, divided at irregular intervals

by distinct nodes, hydrothecae subalternate, smooth, in lateral view 185-238 rr wide at the base,

abcauline wall 343-454 p long, length of adcauline wall adnate 353 513 p, length free 185-285 p,

free portion turned outward, margin smooth, parallel or nearly so to the main axis of the branch,

diameter 138-174 p (adcauline wall to abcauline wall), operculum of one abcauline valve, abcauline

caecum present.

Gonothecae not seen.

Remarks.-Tli is species was reported in North America from the Strait

of Georgia (Fraser, 1918, 1937) and the lVliramichi Estuary (Fraser, 1926,

1944). Descriptions and figures, given in ail but the 1926 paper, were all ob-viously made fron.r the same specimens.

'f l i is is unfortunate because liraser's

specimens, if correctly identif ied, were atypical, having narrow rather than

broad internodes, and alternate and wideiy separated rather than subalternateand rather closely placed hydrothecae.

Distribution-Northern Canada (new record), rvest Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen,

Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk,

Sea of Japan, Bering Sea.

Thuiaria laxa Allman, 1871Plate VI I I , F ig. 4

Thuiario laxa Krarl'p, 1932b, p. 47.

Collection record,s - Stations 65-1502, 65-1506.

Descr ipt ion-Coiony 1.5 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, geniculate, nodes absent,

perisarc relativeiy thick, branches unbranched, not divided into internodes, curved upward slightly'

broad surface vertical, arising aiternately from opposite sides of, and at an angle with the hydro-

caulus of more than 45' but less than 90', apophyses short, 3-5 hydrothecae between successive

apophyses on a given side. Hydrothecae in two rows on the branches, alternate or subalternate,

adcauline wall completely adnate, 411-470 p 1ong, length of abcauline wall 316-359 p, diameter

at the base 147-174 p in lateral view, distance between hydrothecae on same side 0-90,p, margin

nearly hemispherical, smooth, diameter 82-93 p abcauline wall to adcauline wall, operculum

of one abcauline valve.Gonothecae not seen.

Remarhs - The specimens referred to this species were small and identif ied

rvit ir caution because Broch (1918) observed that small colonies of. T. thuja

are pinnate and easily confused with I. laxa. The identification as T. lar'a

was made because the hydrothecae at the tip of the branches lacked the two

lateral teeth present in similarly situated hydrothecae of f. thuja, and the

hyd.o,h".ue were smaller, more completely immersed and more cfowded

tlran those ol T. thuja. The specimens most closely resembled Fraser's (19+4)

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1 538 JOURNAL FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF C. {NADA, VOL. 2 ' , NO. 9 , 1970

description of Thuiaria immersa Nutting, 1904,T. Laxa by Broch (1910)"

Distribution - Northern Canada, west, east Greenland,White Sea, Kara Sea, East Siberian Sea, Sea of Okhotsk,

a species synorlymized 'r,vith

Iceland, Spitzbergen, Barents Sea,

Sea of Japan.

Thuiaria lonchiti,s (Ell is and Solander, 1786)

P la te V I I I , F ig . 5

Colleclion ys56yiL5 - Station 59-69.

Descr ipt ion - Colony 4.1 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphor.r ic , geniculate, nodes dist inct ,irregularly placed. Branches unbranched, nearly straigh-t, broad surface vertical, arising alter-nately from opposite sides of, and at an angle of about 45" with the hydrocaulus, apophyses short,three hydrothecae between successive apophyses on a given side. Hydrothecae in two rows onthe branches, smooth, a l ternate, largely immersed, adcaul ine wal l adnate 467-572 p, f ree26-132 p,

length of abcauline wall 397-434 ,p, margin oval, smooth, diameter 150-180 p (adcauline wall toabcauline wall), operculum of one abcauline valve, abcauline caecum present.

Gonothecae not seen.

Remarks - Fraser (1944) distinguished 7'. kolaezsis, having a smoothlrydrothecal margin, from l lonchitis, having a toothed margin. Broch (1910,1918) shou'ed that the margin frequently appears to be toothed in I. lonchitisbecause of a more or less distinct abcauline sinus, and he regarded the t 'w'oas conspecific.

Distribut'ion - Northern Canada (new record), r'est Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Spitz-

bergen, Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Seaof Japan, Ber ing Sea.

Thuiaria thuja (Linnaeus, 1758)Plate VII I , Fig. 6

Thu ia r i a t hu ja Packa rd , 1863 , p . 422 ;1867 , p . 264 ;1891 , p .369 ; F rase r , 1933 , p .566 ; 1944 ,p. 309, fr,g. 297.

Collection ys567fl5 -Stations 334, 547, 815, 65-1506.

Descript'ion - Colonies reaching 14 cm high, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, nodes absent,

branches broken off proximally, distally branches arising from distinct apophyses at regular

intervals, and in a spiral from three sides of the hydrocaulus, giving the colony a bottle-brushappearance, branches short, stiff, dichotomously branched, curved, pointing upward distallybut perpendicular or nearly so to the hydrocaulus near the origin. Hydrothecae in two rowson the branches, smooth, subalternate, immersed, adcauline wall 466-519 p long, completelyadnate, abcauline wall 354-412 ,p long, margin 63-85 p from abcauline wall to adcauline wall,nearly hemispherical, smooth except for the most distal hydrothecae on the branches, thesehaving two rounded lateral teeth. Operculum of one abcauline valve, abcauline caecum present.

Gonothecae ovoid, arising near the bases of the hydrothecae, snrooth orwithfainttransversel ines, terminat ing in a round aperture bounded by a short col lar , submarginal teeth present.

Distribut'ion - Northern Canada, west Greenland, Iceland, Faeroes, Barents Sea, WhiteSea, Chukchi Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, Alaska.

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CALDERT THEC.,\TE HYDIIOIDS I' 'ROM NORTHERN CANADA

1 , 0 m m

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Pr-ere VIII. b-ig. 1. Sertutar,iatenera, sta. 203; \'ig.2. Thui.aria qlternith.eca, Louby-rne^ s!g. 19;Fig. 3. T. carica,"sta. 226; Fig. 4. T. Iaxa,

"tu. OS-tSq4i{S. l . f ' lonch' i l is-, sta. 59-69; . f ig ' 6''T.

thuja, sta. 65-1506; Fig. i . Ctodocarpus cornulus, NE Nfld.; Fig. 8. C. izleger, NE Nfld.

l- 1

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r 5.10 JOURNAL FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA, \TOL.27, NO.9 , 1970

Family PLUMULARTTDAE

Clad.ocarpus cornulus Verri l l , 1879Plate VI I I , F ig. 7

Col lect ' ion record.s - N.M.C. col lect ion, 51'22'30"N, 50"31'30"\ \ / , of f northeast Newfound-land, 457 m, May 28, 1963, col lector S. W. Gorman.

Description - Hydrocaulus erect, polysiphonic, unbranched, reaching 5 crn high, hydro-cladia given off alternately from a sir.rgle tube of the hydrocaulus, bearing phylactogonia, other-rvise unbranched. Hydrocladial internodes short, each bearing a median and a pair of lateralnematothecae, and a hydrotheca occupying its entire length, 6 7 septal ridges per internode,intrathecal ridge absent. Hydrothecae cone-shaped with a median abcladial keel extending con-siderably beyond the margin, margin with about four teeth on each side of the keel. Nemato-thecae tubular, one-chambered, immovable, median nernatotheca long and adcladially split,arising at the hydrothecal base and passing obliquely upward, about half free, margin serrated.Lateral nematothecae large, split adcladially, extending obliquely outward, margin serrated,extending beyond the node and hydrothecal r.nargin. HydrocaLrlus u'ith large nematothecae ofsimilar morphology to those <.rf the hydrocladia.

Gonothecae arising frorn the hydrocaulus, sac-shaped, wider than thick, folded distally,the opening facing basolaterally. Gonothecae protected by phylactogonia arising near the baseof the hydrocladia, phylactogonium bearing 1 2 hydrothecae.

Remarks -- This hydroid, originally described from Banquereau, offNova Scotia, appears to be restricted to the western Atlantic. Its knolun longi-tudinal range is less than 40o, from 26oW to 64'W.

Distribution - Northern Canada (new record), west Greenland, Iceland.

Claclocarpus ,integer (G. O. Sars, 1874)Plate VI I I , F ig. 8

Cladocarpus pourtal,esi Fraser, 1931, p. 481; 1944, p.407, f ig. 395.

Col lect , ion ys5eyd,5 - N.M.C. col lect ion, 51'22'30"N, 50o31'30"W, of f northeast Newfound-land, 457 m, May 28, 1963, collector S. W. Gorma-n.

Descript,ion - Hydrocaulus reaching 6.5 cm high, polysiphonic, unbranched, hydrocladiaunbranched, given off alternately from a single tube of the hydrocaulus, internodes 918-1090 p|ong,234-284 p wide at the nodes, each with one median and a pair of lateral nematothecae andone hydrotheca. Hydrothecae 635-735 p long, opening diameter 334-418 p, tubular, occupyingmost of the internode, margin entire, septal ridges 4 6 per internode, 2-3 between the lateralnematothecae and the intrathecal ridge, and 1-3 proximally from the ridge. Nematothecae tubular,adcladially split, one-chambered, immovable, median nematotheca short, arising from a projection,adnate to and curving over the hydrothecal base. Lateral nematothecae distally located onthe internode, cauline nematothecae present.

Gonothecae not seen.

Distribution - Northern Canada, rvest Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, Barents Sea.

ADDITIONAL RECORDS

The following species have been reported from the study area but werenot found in the present collections. Records of species collected at depthsexceeding 300 m have been excluded from this l ist.

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CALDER: THECATE HYDROIDS FROM NORTHERN CANADA 1541

Family HALEcIIDAE

Halecium halecinum (Linnaeus, 1758). Labrador (Packard, 1867' p. 264; \4rhiteaves, 1901,p. 24; Fraser, 1944, p. 194).

INCERTAE SEDIS

Cuspid'el,la grandis Hincks, 1868. Labrador (Whiteaves, 1901, p.24), Hudson Bay (Fraser,1922, p. 5).

Farni ly PHIALELLIDAE

Opercularel l ,a producta (G. O. Sars, 1874). El lesmere Island (Broch, 1907, p.7).

Farni ly cAMPANULARII DAIr

Campanularia omphora (Agassiz, 1862). I-abrador (Packard, 1867, p.265).

Clyt iahemisphaer' ica(Linnaeus, 1767). Labrador (Nutt ing,1915, p.54; Fraser,1944, p.138).

This species was referred to by Nutting (1915) and Fraser (1944) as C. johnstoni.

Hartlaubella ge!'atinosa (Pallas, 1766). Labrador (Packard, 1863, p. 404), Hudson Strait(Fraser, 1931, p. 480).

Obelia pl icata Hincks, 1868. Hudson Bay (Fraser, 1922, p. 4.).

I . 'amily LAFOEII)AE

Cryptolori,a borealis Levinsen, 1893. Labrador (Kramp, t932b, p. 34).

Lafoeapoci l ' lum Hincks, 1868. Labrador (Hincks, 1868, p.304), Hudson Bay (Fraser' 1931'p. 481), Hudson Strait (Fraser, 1931, p. 481). Calycella syringa with the opercuium missing couldeasily be mistaken for this species. Broch (1918) regarded L. poci.llum as a synonym of L.Jruticosa,but Naumov (1960) recognized both species.

Fami ly BoNNEVIELI - IDAE

Bonnev'iell'a gracil'is Fraser, 1939. Dease Strait, N.W.T. (Fraser, 1939, p. 59). There islittle in Fraser's description of this species to distinguish it from Campanular'ia integra.

Fami ly sERI 'ULARI IDAE

Abietinariafi.ticuta (Ellis and Solander, 1786). Labrador (Packard, 1867, p.264;Whiteaves,1901, p . 25) .

D'iphas,ia rosacea (Linnaeus, 1758). Labrador, Strait of Belle Isle (Packard, 1863, p. 404).

Sertul,arel,la Jus'iformis (Hincks, 1861). Hudson Strait (Fraser, 1922, p. 5).

Sertul,arellarugosa (Linnaeus, 1758). Labrador (Packard, 1867, p. 264; Kirchenpauer, 1884,

P. +2 . )

Sertularia argentea Linnaeus, 1758. Labrador (Packard, 1863, p. 422), Ctmbetland Sound(Verri l l , 1879, p.152). Hancock et al. (1956) have been fol lowed in regarding S. argentea as adistinct species.

Thuiaria hi.ppuris Allman, 1874. Labrad,or (Kramp, 1932b, p. 47).

Family PLTIMULARIIDAE

Nemertesia anlennina (Linnaeus, 1758). Labrador (KramJr, 1932b, p. 56).

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1512 JOURNAL F]SHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF C. {NADA, VOL,27, NO.9 , 1970

ZOOGEOGRAPHY

Owing to the complex hydrography of the Arctic Ocean, arctic and sub-arctic zones require specific definit ion. Dunbar (195 1) used the term "arctic"for shelf areas covered by polar rn'ater only, and "subarctic" for shelf areascovered by both polar and nonpolar water. On this basis, eastern Canada fromNewfoundland northward to the Curnberland Peninsula, and westward throughHudson Strait to Foxe Peninsula, 'w.as considered subarctic. Dunbar alsoregarded the coastal region in northwestern Canada from Dolphin and UnionStrait westrvard as subarctic.

As with the Polychaeta (Grainger, 1954) and Bryozoa (Powell, 1968),tl.re thecate hydroid fauna of northern Canada consists largely of rvidely dis-tributed species (Table 3). Of the 71 species recorded, 52 are known to transgressbotl-r arctic and subarctic zones, corresponding to Ekman's (1953) panarcticcategory. Of the exceptions, 10 species occur in the north Pacific as r,l 'el l asthe boreal and subarctic zones of the Atlantic : Halec'iurn holecinum, Clytiahemisphaer'ica, Hartlaubella gelatinosa, Obelia plicata, Abi,etinaria f,licula,Sertularell,a fus'iJorm'is, S. rugosa, Sertularia argentea, Thu'iaria hippuris, andI{emertesia antenn'ina. Seven species, Campanularia amphora, Gonothyraealoaen,i, Di'phasia rosacee, Dynam.ena pumiLa, Sertular'ia cupressina, Cladocarpuscornutus and C. integer, are Atlantic-boreal species capable of penetrating thesubarctic but not the arctic. Calycella gracil is, known only from Helgolandand Ungava Bay, and Bonneaiella gracilis, knorvn only from Dease Strait,are too poorly knorvn to categorize. There r\rere no purely arctic species re-presented in the collections.

Of the 52 species transgressing both arctic and subarctic zones, 35 occurin the north Atlantic and north Pacific as 'w,ell as the Arctic. Four species,Sertular'ia fabricii,, S. mi,rabiLis, S. robusto, and Thu'iaria thuja, also occur inthe North Atlantic and North Pacific but do not penetrate very far into arcticrvaters. Cuspidella procumbens, Haleciuru cctra,icaule, and Cryptolar'i,a borealiscorrespond to Ekman's (1953) Atlantic-Arctic group, ranging eastward fromnorthern Canada no fartl.rer than the Kara or Laptev seas. Abietinaria turgidaand Sertular'ia s'imilis appear to be of Pacific origin, not having been reportedeastward from northern Canada or rvest of the East Siberian Sea. Haleciumspeciosum and Sertularella pinnata have each been reported once in the northAtlantic and are probably also of Pacific origin. Three species, Cuspid,ellahumil,is, Obelia geniculata, and Fi.lellum serpens, are cosmopolitan, rangingfrom the arctic to the tropics. The remaining three species, Halecium undulatum,Ptychogena loctea, and Sertularia schm'idt,i, are too poorly knorvn to be catego-rized.

There is no significant barrier to the dispersal of animals westu/ard throughBaffin Bay and Davis Strait, and the similarity of the Canadian Arctic hydroidfauna to that of west Greenland is apparent (Table 3). Many of the thecatespecies in northern Canada also occur in the Alaska-Bering Sea region, but thisarea is rich in number of species and only about one-third of the thecate speciesreported by Fraser (1937) from Alaska occur in northern Canada. This may be

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CALDER; THECATE HVDROIDS FROM NORTHERN CANADA 1543

T,tel-s 3. Distribution of the thecate hydroids of northem Canada in other cold-water regionsof the northern hemisphere.

^ f ro a

a - y S. i 3 4 - -

+ E e .3 3 = ,9 , ! = ? a i ;; = r h o . t f , . 9 - = , i E t '6 9 2 u X : n , u ) 4 . a . - t r. i E - 9 F i . t . - : : o c + . =

r a ! LO = ' = d - 6 d d : i : : 5 o

= ! : i ' f r d i a V i o d , h o c cSpecies

++++++++++++++++

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

++++++

Holecium curticauleH. groenland,icumI:L halecinum.H, IabrosutnII. m'inutumH. muricatumH, scutumH. speciosumH. und.ulatumPtychogena lacteuCusp,idella grandi,sC. hum.ili.sC, procumbens

O per c ul ar ell a I acer at aO. prod.ucta

Calycella gracilisC. syringaLaJoeina tno,ximaStegopoma plicotile

Tel ra po ma guad r i d.e nl at u ntCampanularia amphoraC. groenlandica

C. integraC. speciosaC. aerticillataC. volubili.sClytia hemisphaericaGonothyraea l,oaeniH ar tI aubel,la gel atino s aObelia geniculata

O. longissi.maO. plicata

Cryptolaria borealisFilellum serpensGrammaria ob'ietittaG. im,mersaLaJoea dumosaL. fruticosaL. gracillima

L. poc,illum

Bonneviel,la gracilisAbietinaria abietina

++

++

++-r -T

+++++-l- T

+++

++++++++++++- t r++++++++++- f - t -+++++++++++++++++++

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++t - t -++++++++++++- l_- r

++++++++++

+++++++++++++++++r- r

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- t - rT T - T - r +

++++(Cont'inued)

+++++++++

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1544 JOURNAL FISHERIES RESEARCH BoARD oF cANADA, voL. 2 i , No. s, t9 i0

T,c.eI-B 3. Distribution of the thecate hydroids of northern Canada in other cold-water regionsof the northem hemisphere.- (Concluded)

d

C : fo :

A - V - :d . n

: E - a - a C = f r :j ==a ; .8*dEF; l ia : , r ' n . q " : € o + rg U : P n Z u ' u a : = ? !

. C oi u j f , S A = g i r i S S u c aSpecies

A. f,li.culaA. turg,id.aD'iphasia pulchra

D. rosaceaDynamena pltnxi,la

S er tul ar ell a f usiJ o r mi. sS. pinnata

S. polyzonius

S. rugosaS. tenella,S. tricuspidotaSertularia orgenteaS. cupressinaS . JobriciiJ . m Lra, t lzsS. plumosa

S. robustaS. schmid.tiS. similisS. teneraThuiaria altentithecaT. caricaT. hippurisT. laxaT. lonch' i t isT. thujoNemertesia antenninaClad.ocarpus cornutusC . integer

Total

T T

+

5 1 2 9 4 7 3 5 3 9

T

5 1 4 1 3 7 2 7 2 2 4 0 3 2 2 1 4 4

-r -r-T- -l- -r

-1- -t- -f

+

+ ++ +T T + +

+++++- r - r++

T ++++++++++++

T T +

++++++- r - r+++

+r -- r - r r +

+++++++T T +

+- r - r T T

++++++-r - r++

++++++++

+++++++++++++ + ++

++++++++T -T- -T'

+++++++f - r

+++++

+++++-r -r

-T- -1-

+++++++++++++ +++-T- -T-

+++

T

++-T-

++-T

+-r

++++

related to the relatively minor contribution of Pacific water to the Canadian arctic.Although the Pacil ic influence is strong in the Chukchi Sea, it is u'eak in thenorthern Canadian islands and even in the soutl-ieast Beaufort Sea (Grainger,1 96s) .

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful to the staff of the Invertebrate Zoology Section, N{useum of Natural Sciences,National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, Ont., for their cooperation and help rendered during

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CALDER: THECATE HYDROIDS FROI,I NORTHERN CANADA 1 545

this study. Particular thanks are due to Dr N. A. Powell, Curator of Invertebrates, for his assistanceand supervision. I am aiso indebted to DrsE. H. Grainger and J. Wacasey of the Fisheries ResearchBoard of Canada Arctic Biological Station, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, for providing thehydroids from the Cal,anus and. Sal.vel.,inus expeditions for study. This investigation was conductedduring tenure of a National Research Council of Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Museumof Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.

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