the world
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The World. Asia/The East. History of Indochina. Indochina= Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia French ruled from late 1800’s-WWII French colonists built plantations to extract rice and rubber Unrest grows among peasants Ho Chi Minh leads rebellious activities. Fled to Soviet Union. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The World
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Asia/The East
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History of Indochina
• Indochina= Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia
• French ruled from late 1800’s-WWII
• French colonists built plantations to extract rice and rubber
• Unrest grows among peasants
• Ho Chi Minh leads rebellious activities. Fled to Soviet Union
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Japanese Invasion
• Japan invades Hong Kong, French Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Thailand, China, and the Philippines.
• French withdraw• Ho Chi Minh (with U.S.
aid) leads resistance against Japanese
• Japanese defeated in 1945
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Independence: Communism vs. Democracy
• Vietminh: Organization created by Ho Chi Minh to liberate Vietnam of foreign rule.
• Sept. 2, 1945: Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent.
• French reoccupy southern Vietnam late 1945• U.S. gives French $1 billion in aid to defeat Ho
Chi Minh, a one-time ally. • French surrender after defeat at Dien Bien Phu
in 1954.
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U.S. Involvement Deepens
• To halt spread of communism, U.S. provides economic and military aid to S. Vietnam.
• Corrupt S. Vietnamese government leads to rise of Vietcong and increased instability.
• U.S. commits 50,000 troops to Vietnam in 1965.• N. Vietnam capture Saigon on 4/30/75.
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Cambodia and Laos during Vietnam War
• Both attempted to remain neutral• N. Vietnamese and Vietcong forces used Cambodia as a
base to attack S. Vietnam. • N. Vietnamese forces use Ho Chi Minh trail through Laos
to supply Viet Cong forces. • Laos sustains 10 years of heavy bombing from U.S.
forces attempting to destroy Ho Chi Minh trail. • U.S. secretly bombs N. Vietnamese and Viet Cong
strong holds in Cambodia. • In 1970, Pres. Nixon orders ground forces to invade
Cambodia.
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Communist Growth
• Communist insurgents grow inside Cambodia and Laos.• Khmer Rouge=Combodian communists backed by N.
Vietnamese.• Phatet Lao= Laotian communists backed by N.
Vietnamese.• Khmer Rouge overrun existing army and gain control of
Cambodia.• Phatet Lao gain control of government with N.
Vietnamese help in 1975.
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The Aftermath
• Re-education camps are created by KR and PL in Cambodia and Laos.
• An estimated 2-3 million Cambodians died under KR gov’t.
• Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1978 and established a new gov’t.
• 600,000 Cambodians fled to Thailand.
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The Reign of the Khmer Rouge (1975-1979)
• A. Motto: “To keep you is no benefit; to destroy you is no loss.”
• B. Re-education camps: used to teach communist beliefs/brain wash; also exposed people who might resist.
• C. Commit acts of genocide; millions of Cambodians are executed.
• D. January 7, 1979: Vietnam seizes control of Cambodia, allowing thousands to flee.
• E. 1989-1990: Vietnamese troops promise to withdraw.
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To Destroy You is No Loss
• A. A novel which chronicles Teeda Butt Mam’s family’s “nightmarish ordeal at the hands of the Khmer Rouge.” It details the family’s struggle to survive, facing re-education camps and the perilous journey from Cambodia, to Thailand, and eventually, to America.
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The Killing Fields• A. A film based on the events
which led up to and follow the fall of Phnom Penh. The film’s plot revolves around two characters, Sidney Shanberg and Dith Pran.
• B. Sidney Shanberg: A reporter for the New York Times who is investigating U.S. involvement in “The Secret War.” While attempting to get into Thailand, he learns of a U.S. bombing of a Cambodian city. He decides to enter Cambodia to investigate.
• Dith Pran: A Cambodian photographer and reporter