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The Wiltshire School of

Beauty and Holistic Therapy

Threading

Practitioner’s Training Manual

W: www.wsbht.co.uk E: [email protected] T: 01793 73 77 33

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy Threading Training Manual ©

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CONTENTS

1. Aims & Objectives p3

2. Course Details p4

3. Introduction to Threading p5

4. Hygiene, Health & Safety p6

5. Professional Ethics & Standards of Practice p11

6. Related Anatomy & Physiology p14

7. Client Consultation p20

8. Contra-Indications p24

9. Contra-Actions p26

10. Eyebrow Shaping p27

11. Threading Procedure p30

12. Aftercare p31

13. Storage and Insurance p32

14. Contact Details p33

15. Self Assessment p34

16. Notes p35

17. Accreditation p36


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1. AIMS & OBJECTIVES

AIMS The aims of this course are to teach the student the basics of health and safety, and anatomy and physiology in relation to this course. This manual also covers the background, benefits, treatments, consultation, contra-indications, contra-actions, aftercare, equipment and products needed. The student will also learn the movements and techniques required to perform a professional treatment during the practical sessions. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this course are that by the end it the student will be able to perform a professional treatment in a safe and hygienic manner in a commercially acceptable time, along with experience of carrying out a consultation with the knowledge of the background, benefits, consultation, contra-indications, contra-actions, aftercare, equipment and products needed.

WSHBT advise you to read this training manual thoroughly along with other research before you take part in your practical

session.


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2. COURSE DETAILS

During this course you will learn how to perform professional Threading treatments You will learn how to:

• prepare the treatment area • prepare the client for treatment • carry out a client consultation • carry out threading treatments • provide aftercare advice.

You will also study:

• related hygiene, health and safety • related anatomy and physiology • contra-indications • contra-actions • tinting and shaping procedures.

You will attend a 4 hour training session to study the theory and practical elements required to perform a professional Threading treatments. Once you have successfully completed, you will receive The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy Diploma in Threading.

Good luck and enjoy!


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3. INTRODUCTION TO THREADING

The natural eyebrow is different in shape and hair-type for each person. Their face shape needs to be taken into account when treatments are carried out. Most hairs on the eyebrows are terminal hairs. Terminal hairs of the brow are usually shorter in length than other terminal hairs. The reason we have eyebrows is to stop fragments entering the eye and keep out germs. The hairs can also protect the eyes from excessive light damage. Threading is an ancient method of hair removal which originated in Persia but continued in India and other countries. It is now gaining popularity in Western countries. It is popular with women in Arab countries and also popular in Persian culture where it is called Bande Abru ("Abru" means eyebrow, and "Band" is the thread). Threading the entire face is wide-spread amongst Iranians, but it was originally practiced when a woman was getting married or during special occasions. In ancient Persia, threading was a sign that a girl had reached adulthood and become a woman. Practitioners use a pure, thin, twisted cotton thread which is rolled over untidy hairlines, upper lip hair, eyebrows and so on, tweezing the hair at the follicle level. Unlike tweezing, where a single hair is pulled out each time, threading can remove an entire row of hairs, resulting in a straighter line. However, due to a larger area of hair being removed at once, it can be quite painful for some. As the top layers of skin are not peeled or traumatised if done properly, threading is an alternative for those with sensitive skin or who use Retin-A, Accutane, and similar products. Advantages of Threading:

• Inexpensive • Fast and very neat • Less likely to cause in-growing hairs • Re-growth takes 2-4 weeks.

Disadvantages of Threading:

• Can be painful depending on the area • Works only on flat areas – cannot be used to treat the bikini line • The skin maybe be red after treatment for a few hours • Cannot treat over acne.


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4. HYGIENE, HEALTH & SAFETY

Maintaining a high standard of hygiene is essential. Not only from a health and safety perspective, but clients will not return if the salon, treatment area, or equipment are not clean. It is a legal requirement for employers to display an approved health and safety poster or to supply employees with an equivalent leaflet or information. It is recommended that you get copies of the following from your local council:

• Health and Safety in the Workplace • Trade Descriptions Act • General Data Protection Regulations • Sales of Goods Act • COSSH Regulations and Risk Assessment (Control of Substances

Hazardous to Health) • Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1982 • The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 • The Workplace Regulations 1992 • The Manual Handling Regulations 1992 • The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 • The Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 • The Electricity at Work Regulations 1992 • Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 • RIDDOR – The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases & Dangerous Occurrences

Regulations 1995 • Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997 • Consumer Protection Act 1987.

All businesses are required by law to comply with the following health and safety acts, which are monitored and managed by The Health & Safety Executive (HSE) www.hse.gov.uk

• Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 This protects your rights either as an employer or employee. The law states that the employer must provide a safe working environment, provide health and safety training for staff, produce a written policy of the company’s health and safety policy, and ensure that anyone on their premises is not exposed to any health or safety risks.


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• Trade Descriptions Act 1972 This act is particularly relevant to therapists as it relates to how the goods or services are described in any kind of advertising or promotional material. The act makes it illegal to mislead the public in any way or make any false claims about what you are able to do.

• General Data Protection Regulations As a therapist, you will be

collecting and storing personal data. In any form, it is essential that you are GDPR compliant. You will need to choose one of the 6 lawful basis to collect and store personal data, and inform your clients of your choice, how and why you will hold data and for how long. The Independent Commissioners Office (www.ico.org.uk) will provide you with a wealth of information.

• Sale of Goods Act 1994 This act protects your clients’ rights by insisting that any goods or services sold must be of a satisfactory standard, be suitable for the purpose described, accurately described, and provided in a reasonable time and for a reasonable price.

• Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Act (COSHH) 1989

This act provides guidance on dealing with chemical substances that could enter the body and cause skin irritations, allergies, burns etc.

• Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1982

The local authority is responsible for registering and licensing any businesses where invasive treatments, i.e. body piercing, epilation, acupuncture take place on the premises. This is to ensure that all equipment is sterilised, only fully qualified therapists are carrying out the treatments, waste products (especially needles) are disposed of correctly.

• The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1992

This act outlines the responsibilities of the owner/manager of the business to protect the well-being of all who visit the premises, to keep a record of all checks they have made and also of any first aid treatments carried out on their premises.

• The Workplace Regulations 1992

These regulations govern the appearance of all parts of the workplace, not just the treatment rooms. This would include suitable toilet facilities which are kept clean and tidy with adequate soap, towels, hot & cold running water etc. Proper ventilation, the areas are well lit, the area is at a comfortable temperature, is clear of all waste material (keep the walk ways clear of clutter), has up to date fire fighting equipment, has drinking water available.

• The Manual Handling Regulations 1992

This relates to the appropriate posture when lifting to reduce the risk of injury and to safely carry out manual tasks required in the workplace.


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• The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992

This act requires you to provide the correct safety/protective equipment to carry out a particular task.

• The Health & Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992

These regulations are relevant to anyone using a computer and require you to get regular eye tests, take regular breaks, and use the correct height adjusted chair.

• The Electricity at Work Regulations 1992

This governs the use of electrical equipment in the workplace and ensures that any equipment is checked at least once a year by a qualified electrician. Any faulty equipment is removed from service, and written records are kept should an inspector wish to see them.

• Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981

No matter how small your business is there must be first aid treatment available should an injury take place.

• RIDDOR – The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases & Dangerous

Occurrences Regulations 1995 This outlines the correct procedure to adopt if a workplace accident occurs. An accident book is a must.

• Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997 This ensures that the safety of all those present is considered and planned for should a fire take place.

• Consumer Protection Act 1987

This is designed to look after your clients’ interests and protect them from any product deemed unsafe.

Reporting Accidents The reporting of all accidents and near misses should be recorded in the Accident Book, which should be kept with a first aid kit on the work premises. The following information should be recorded:

• Full name and address of the person(s) involved in the accident. • Circumstances of the accident. • Date and time of the accident. • All details of what may have contributed to the accident.


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Salon/Treatment Area Hygiene

• Clean the salon thoroughly, daily.

• Clean the treatment area before and after every client.

• Use clean fresh smelling towels for each client, (dirty linen must be laundered at a minimum of 60◦C).

• Creams, lotion and sprays should be dispensed from purpose-specific pump or spray bottles where possible, otherwise use a clean disposable spatula to remove products from bottles/jars.

• Replace all lids after removing products from the bottles/jars.

• Sterilise all tools.

• Empty bins and dispose of contents accordingly.

• Check all the plugs and wires on electrical equipment and make sure they conform to British Standards, and are professionally checked annually.

• Make sure all fire exits are clear and accessible.

• Make sure your client’s personal belongings are safe.

• Protect client’s clothing by using towels. The towels may also be used to preserve the client’s modesty during the treatment.

• Read all labels and follow all manufacturer’s instructions.

• Know the hazardous warning signs.

• Store products safely and in accordance with safety data sheets.

• Report any faulty equipment/goods to your supervisor or supplier.

• Have a first aid kit that complies with the Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981.


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Sterilising Equipment Micro-organisms that may cause disease must be controlled through cleaning, disinfection or sterilisation. Sanitation This greatly reduces the number of pathogenic bacteria. It is the lowest form of decontamination and is safe to use on the skin. This process will remove soil, dust, dirt and organic matter along with a large proportion of micro-organisms from an object. Sanitation/cleaning is essential before disinfection or sterilisation of instruments and equipment. This process can be carried out by applying sanitising sprays, soaps and gels directly onto the skin and equipment. Disinfection This greatly reduces the pathogenic bacteria on work surfaces. This method is not suitable for the skin, hair or nails. Disinfection is used on floors, any work surfaces/station, walls and bowls etc. This process does not remove bacteria spores. Sterilisation This process kills all living organisms; sterile, in this context, means free living disease-causing micro-organisms and their spores. This is a difficult process to maintain but should be carried out on all tools, especially if they have been in contact with blood. Several ways to sterilise the equipment:

• UV light An enclosed steel cabinet that emits UV light when closed to kill off any bacteria

• Autoclave

This works in a similar way to a pressure cooker by heating the water under pressure to a temperature of 100°C, which kills all germs, and is one of the most efficient methods.

• Barbicide

This is a liquid used to soak instruments; ammonia can be used as the liquid within the barbicide.


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5. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS & STANDARDS

OF PRACTICE

A Therapist should:

• maintain the highest standard of professional conduct.

• provide services in an ethical and professional manner in relation to clientele, business associates, health care professionals and the public.

• practice within the professional boundaries of the practitioners training.

• ensure client comfort and safety.

• protect client privacy.

• respect client confidentiality.

• maintain anonymity of the client when discussing the client’s case with other professionals, unless written consent is obtained.

• have adequate professional insurance.

• never claim to cure a condition.

• never treat a client with a condition that is contra-indicated to the treatment.

• keep all records of treatments complete and up to date.

• explain the treatment and answer any questions and queries prior to carrying out the treatment on the client.

• never treat a minor or disabled person without prior consent from a parent or carer.

• treat all clients in a professional manner at all times regardless of their colour, sex or religion.

• refer clients to other professionals/GP where required.


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Standards of Practice

The practice of good ethics is essential to the reputation of the field of beauty therapists and the welfare of the clients and practitioners of the therapies. The following is a statement of standards and ethics for therapists, including standards of ethical and proper behaviour.

A Therapist should:

• conduct herself/himself in a professional, honest, and ethical manner.

• promote professionalism.

• establish goals with each client and evaluate the outcome at the end of each session.

• promote the therapies within the community.

• promote therapies with healthcare professionals and other practitioners.

• truthfully and accurately represent their credentials, qualifications, education, experience, training and competence relevant to the practice.

• maintain confidentiality of the client.

• undertake continual professional development to enhance their skills.

A Therapist will:

• take a full medical history on the client's first visit.

• discuss and record any health problems, contra-indications, symptoms or diagnosis from a conventional medical practitioner.

• use this information to decide whether treatment is suitable for the client.

• explain the treatment to the client.

• give a full and professional treatment.

• give full and correct aftercare advice.

• write up full details of the treatment on the client's record card.

• on the client's next visit, discuss and record any changes that they may have noticed in their symptoms.

• refer the client to their GP if necessary.


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Skills and Personal Qualities

A Therapist should:

• be comfortable touching people.

• be a good communicator, able to explain treatments to clients and ask appropriate questions.

• have good listening skills.

• be able to make clients feel relaxed and comfortable.

• have empathy with clients.

• be able to respect professional boundaries.

• know when to advise clients to seek conventional medical advice.

• keep accurate written records.

• respect confidentiality.

• have business skills if they are self-employed.


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6. RELATED ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

THE SKIN

The Skin Structure Skin makes up around 12% of an adult’s body weight. It’s very adaptable and able to mould into different shapes, covering bones and muscles to perform various functions of the body’s make up. The functions of skin (Shapes) are:

• Sensation - Main sensory organ for temperature, pressure, touch and pain.

• Heat Regulation - Regulates the body temperature by sweating to cool the body down when it overheats, and shivering when the body is cold.

• Absorption – Some creams, essential oils and some medication can be absorbed through the skin.

• Protection – Too much UV light may harm the skin, so the skin protects itself by producing a pigment, seen in a tan, called melanin. Bacteria and germs are prevented from entering the skin by a protective barrier called the Acid Mantle. This barrier also helps protect against moisture loss.

• Excretion – Waste products and toxins are eliminated from the body through the sweat glands.

• Secretion – Sebum and sweat are secreted onto the skin’s surface. The sebum keeps the skin lubricated and soft and the sweat combines with the sebum to form the acid mantle.

• Vitamin D production - Absorption of UV rays from the sun helps formation of vitamin D, which the body needs for the formation of strong bones and good eyesight.

There are 3 major layers of the skin, the Epidermis, Dermis and the Subcutaneous. The Epidermis Layer The outermost layer of the skin is called the epidermis layer. There are no blood vessels in the epidermis but it’s the deepest layer and is supplied with lymph fluid. It is thickest in the palms and on the bottom of the feet. There are various layers of cells within the epidermis, the outermost of which is called the stratum corneum (or horny layer). The layers can be seen clearly in the diagram of the skin. The surface layer is composed of twenty-five to thirty sub-layers of flattened scale-like cells, which are continually being cast off by friction and replaced by the cells of the deeper epidermal layers.


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The surface layer is considered the real protective layer of the skin. The cells are commonly called keratinised cells because the living matter within the cell (termed protoplasm) is changed to a protein (keratin) which helps to give the skin its protective properties.

New skin cells are formed in the deepest layer within the epidermis. This area is called the stratum basale (or basal/germinative layer). The new cells will gradually move towards the outer layers of the skin as the stratum corneum is shed. The new cells gradually change in form as they move upward to the outer layers, becoming keratinized in the process.

Names of the Layers of the Epidermis

English Name Latin Name Horny Layer Stratum Corneum Clear Layer Stratum Lucidum Granular Layer Stratum Granulosum Prickle Cell Layer Stratum Spinosum Basal/Germinative Layer Stratum Basale


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The Dermis Layer The dermis is a tough and elastic layer containing white fibrous tissue interlaced with yellow elastic fibres. Many structures are embedded in the dermis including:

• blood vessels • lymphatic capillaries and vessels • sweat glands and their ducts • sebaceous glands • sensory nerve endings • the erector pili - involuntary muscles are sometimes activated in cold

weather to give 'goose bumps’ • hair follicles, hair bulbs and hair roots.

The Subcutaneous Layer This is the deepest of the layers of skin and is located on the bottom of the skin diagram. It connects or binds the dermis above it to the underlying organs. The subcutaneous layer is mainly composed of loose fibrous connective tissue and fat (adipose) cells interlaced with blood vessels. The hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) is generally about 8% thicker in females than in males. The main functions of the hypodermis are insulation, storage of lipids, cushioning of the body and temperature regulation.

Diagram of the Skin


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THE HAIR Hair Structure Hair is composed of a strong structural protein called keratin. This is the same kind of protein that makes up the nails and the outer layer of skin. Each strand of hair consists of three layers:

1. An innermost layer or medulla, which is only present in large thick hairs.

2. The middle layer, known as the cortex, which provides strength and both colour and texture of the hair.

3. The outermost layer is known as the cuticle, which is thin and colourless, and serves as a protector of the cortex.


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Structure of the Hair Root Below the surface of the skin is the hair root, which is enclosed within a hair follicle. At the base of the hair follicle is the dermal papilla. The dermal papilla is fed by the bloodstream, which carries nourishment to produce new hair. The dermal papilla structure is very important to hair growth because it contains receptors for male hormones and androgens. Androgens regulate hair growth. In scalp hair androgens may cause the hair follicle to get progressively smaller and the hair to become finer in individuals who are genetically predisposed to this type of hair loss.

Hair Growth Cycle Hair follicles grow in repeated cycles. One cycle can be broken down into three phases:

1. Anagen - Growth phase 2. Catagen - Transitional phase 3. Telogen - Resting phase

Each hair passes through the phases independent of neighbouring hairs.


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• Anagen Phase ~ Growth Phase - Approximately 85% of all hairs are in

the growing phase at any one time. The anagen phase, or growth phase, can vary from two to six years. Hair grows approximately 10cm per year and any individual hair is unlikely to grow more than one meter long. In the anagen stage the hair receives nourishment through the blood supply from the dermal papilla. This process enables the cells to reproduce. The cells move upwards to form the different structures of the hair shaft. Melanin is produced to form the hair colouring.

• Catagen Phase ~ Transitional Phase - At the end of the anagen phase

the hair enters into a catagen phase, which lasts about one or two weeks. During the catagen phase the hair follicle shrinks to about 1/6 of the normal length. The lower part is destroyed and the dermal papilla breaks away to rest below. This is the resting (inactive) stage of the hair growth. In this stage the dermal papilla breaks away to make the lower end of the hair become loose from the base of the follicle. The hair is still being fed from the follicle wall and is sometime known as club-ended hair. The hair starts to become drier and continues to move up to just below the sebaceous gland. At this stage it can easily be brushed out. This stage lasts about one or two weeks.

• Telogen Phase ~ Resting Phase - The telogen phase, or resting phase,

follows the catagen phase and normally lasts about five to six weeks. During this time the hair does not grow, but stays attached to the follicle whilst the dermal papilla stays in a resting phase below. Approximately 10-15 percent of all hairs are in this phase at any one time. The hair follicle re-enters the anagen phase. The dermal papilla and the base of the follicle join together again and a new hair begins to form. If the old hair has not already been shed, the new hair pushes the old one out and the growth cycle starts all over again.


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7. CLIENT CONSULTATION

A consultation is a one-to-one talk with your client. Here you will find out very important and confidential information that will help you to advise and give clients the best treatment. Always introduce yourself to your client. The consultation is often carried out in the room in which you are working and should be carried out before the client gets undressed in case there is any reason that they cannot be treated. There are three skills required as part of the consultation:

1. Observation - what can you observe about the client? Are they nervous, extrovert, holding their body in such a way that might give indications for treatments, poor posture etc?

2. Verbal Questioning – gain the information required.

3. Physical Examination – what can you physically see and feel on the client? This third part is only carried out once you have assessed that, so far, the client is suitable for treatment.

Approximately 15 minutes should be allocated to carry out the initial consultation. Ideally you should be sitting face to face or next to your client to create an open atmosphere. Avoid barriers such as a couch or a table coming between you. Holistic treatments treat the individual as a whole, taking into consideration general well-being, i.e. health, emotional, physical and mental states. You need to explain carefully to the client why you are carrying out a consultation. Use open questions to tactfully encourage the client to give you information that you need rather than interrogating them and asking lots of direct and often personal questions. Use the record card as a prompt rather than a list to tick off. Record Keeping Records must be maintained for a number of reasons:

• They provide contact details in case you have to alter or cancel an appointment.

• So that you can monitor the client’s progression. • To track any aftercare advice that you have given the client. • As a backup in case the client has an adverse reaction to a treatment. • Another therapist should be aware of what treatments and products the

client has had.


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Client records can be stored electronically or filed manually and should be updated at every visit. If record cards are not updated and do not contain a history of services and dates, you may find your insurance invalidated. Records cards must be kept for three years, as medical claims can be made up for up to that period. If a client is under 21 years of age, it is recommended that their record card be kept until they are 21 years of age.

Client confidentiality must be protected at all times. If a salon holds computerised records, they must register with the Data Protection Register. If a salon only holds written records, this does not apply, but they must uphold the principles of the Data Protection Act and comply with the following:

• All info information must be accurate and necessary to the service or treatment to be performed.

• Individual client records must be available for the clients to view if requested.

• All information must be stored securely by password protected computer file.

It is good practice to record the following information during a consultation:

• Introduction • Test results • Personal details • Contra-indications/Contra-actions • Reasons for treatment • Any reactions to previous treatments • Home routines/Homceare advice • Sales • Next appointment/recommendations.

Any contra-indications and possible contra-actions must be identified and discussed prior to the service. In the case of medical referral, the practitioner should keep a copy of the GP’s letter with the client’s record card. The consultation card must be signed and dated to prove that you have given the correct advice, completed the required information, and agreed the service plan with the client.

Always allow the client the opportunity to question and clarify any points before signing the record card.

On the following pages are examples of consultation forms which you can adapt to suit you.


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Private & Confidential Client Consultation Form

Client Details Client Ref: Telephone Number: Address: Mobile Number: Occupation: Postcode: Date of Birth: Email: Gender:

Medical History Do you or have you ever suffered from: Eye infections Undiagnosed lumps Skin disorders Cuts, abrasions, swellings etc Extreme sensitive, fluttery eyes History of allergies, severe sensitivity to cosmetics etc

Allergies:

Phobias:

Additional Comments:

Have you ever had threading treatments before? Yes/No If Yes did you experience any problems?

CLIENT STATEMENT & AGREEMENT

I acknowledge that all the information on this consultation sheet above my signature is accurate and correct to the best of my knowledge. I accept full and complete responsibility for my own emotional and/or physical well being both during and after this therapy and/or training session. I agree to inform the therapist of any changes to my circumstances during any subsequent treatments. I realise that any advice given to me to carry out between sessions is important and I agree to make every effort to carry this out. I understand that no claim to cure has been made and realize that treatments should not replace conventional treatments, and that personal data will be stored under GDPR compliance. Signed: (Client) Date: Parent signature and present if under 18: Date:


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Private & Confidential Client Treatment Record

Client Ref: ………………………………………….

Date: Treatment:

Comments: Have there been any changes to your circumstances, medication and general health since your last treatment?

Client declaration: I declare that the information I have given is correct and to the best of my knowledge I can undertake treatments without any adverse effect. I have been fully informed about contra-indications and I am therefore willing to proceed with treatment. Signed (Client):

Date:

Date: Treatment:


Client declaration: I declare that the information I have given is correct and to the best of my knowledge I can undertake treatments without any adverse effect. I have been fully informed about contra-indications and I am therefore willing to proceed with treatment. Signed (Client):

Date:

Date:

Treatment:


Client declaration: I declare that the information I have given is correct and to the best of my knowledge I can undertake treatments without any adverse effect. I have been fully informed about contra-indications and I am therefore willing to proceed with treatment. Signed (Client): Date:


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8. CONTRA-INDICATIONS

A contra-indication is the presence of a condition which may make the client unsuitable for a treatment. The treatment may not be able to take place or the treatment may need to be adapted. When treating a client, if they show signs of any contra-indication, tactfully refer them to their GP for treatment/advice. Never tell your client what contra-indication they may have even if you are sure you know what it is. You may be wrong. If you are ever unsure about a contra-indication then do not treat the client, refer them to their GP. This way you are always protecting yourself and the client. Be very careful when dealing with contra-indications. It is a controversial subject and you never want to leave yourself open for further implications. We also have to consider other clients, always make sure that your place of work, implements, and you, are very clean to avoid cross infection. Contra-Indications to Eye Treatments

Name Description Cause Salon treatment Psoriasis

scaling and inflammation of the skin

unknown but thought to be related to the

nervous system

treat with caution; can avoid affected

area; do not treat if skin is weeping

Conjunctivitis bacterial infection

a transparent sticky substance covers the white of

the eye and the lids

caused by a bacterial infection

this is highly infectious; do not treat; refer client to GP for correct

diagnosis and treatment

Cuts and abrasions

(eye irritations)

broken skin caused by an injury

avoid treatment in the affected area


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Name Description Cause Salon treatment

Bacterial keratitis serious disorders which can

result in partial or total loss of vision.


do not treat; refer clients to GP for correct diagnosis

and treatment Bruising

black, red green and yellow marks appear on the skin

normally caused by an

injury

avoid area if possible

Recent operations

(scars)

scar tissue raised area in healing process

recent scar tissue is very

sensitive

avoid treatment if scarring is less than 6 months

Blepharitis (eye irritations)

inflammation of the eyelids; the inflammation is like

eczema of the skin with red, scaly eyelids; you may notice

tired or gritty eyes, which may be uncomfortable in

sunlight or a smoky atmosphere; they may be

slightly red, and feel as though there is something in

them

the exact cause is not known,

but people who have dandruff

or dry skin conditions seem more prone to

blepharitis

avoid area; refer client to GP for

correct diagnosis and treatment

Stye (Bacterial infection)

infection in the root of an eyelash


avoid area; no treatment until

infection has gone


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9. CONTRA–ACTIONS

Contra-actions are reactions of a client caused by a treatment taking place. You must explain to your client what/if any reactions to expect during/after a treatment.

With all contra-actions tell your client that if they do not improve within 24 hours to get in touch with their GP for advice.

Name Description Cause Salon treatable/ Course of action

slight swelling tender puffy skin when working on more delicate skin

apply cold compress

blood spotting

tiny blood spots appear when strong

hair has been removed

removal of stronger facial

hair

apply pressure and wipe over with

antiseptic

erythema reddening of the

skin due to dilation of the blood vessels

a reaction to external stimulus

or infection apply cold compress

Soothing Products When carrying out an eyebrow shape you can use warm, damp cotton wool to soothe and help open the pores, which will allow the hairs to be removed more easily. You can also use rose water, witch hazel or aloe-vera during the treatment to help soothe and stop irritation.


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10. SHAPING THE EYEBROWS

Eyebrow shaping is the removal of excess hair to enhance the shape of the client’s natural brow. When you are shaping the brow, you need to take into account your client’s needs. Plan carefully; discuss the shape with your client. What you think is nice may not be what your client wants! Go slowly; checking with your client as you go to make sure you don’t take off too much. It is suggested that the normal brow shape should look like the wings of a bird in flight; thicker at the inside corner, tapering to an arch and narrowing at the end of the brow. However it’s important to keep this balance with the rest of the facial features. Face shapes, of which there are many, can also influence the brow shape. The Right Shape The basic shape of eyebrows and the direction in which the hairs grow cannot be changed. However, all eyebrows should be shaped so that they’re thicker at the head of the eyebrow (the bit nearest the nose) and then get gradually thinner.


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Eyebrow Shapes Rounded

This is best suited to clients with large eyes or a wide forehead. Can enhance client’s eyes. The brow line should follow the frontal bone, and shaped to a taper.

Arched

Also known as sweeping. This shaping is flattering on most clients. It can give width and expression to the eyes. Opening the eyes whilst balancing a large nose or mouth.

Low-arched

This works well with clients who have a small forehead, giving the illusion of more length. Can also been know as a straight brow, too.

Wide-set

If your client has wide-set eyes, extending the eyebrows into the inside corner of the eyes can take away some of the wideness and bring the eyes closer together.

Possible influences on the shape of your client’s brows:

• The natural shape 0f the brows If your client has shaped her own brows for a long period of time, she may need to let them grow to get the new desired shape.

• The client’s age

More mature clients may have coarse hairs, which may be longer, straight and different colours.

• Fashion trends

With each season there are new fashion trends, which have an effect on your client's eyebrow shapes. You need to take these into account before shaping.


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Measuring the brows Once you have carried out a consultation, and decided on the shape, the length of the brows needs to be measured. Here are some tips:-

• Place an orange stick in a straight line from the side of the nose to the inner corner of the eye. This is where the eyebrows should begin. Line 1.

• Place an orange stick from the side of the nose to the outer corner of the

eye. This is where the eyebrow should end. Line 3.

• Ask the client to look straight ahead . Place an orange stick from the side of the nose to the outer corner of the eye. This should be the highest point of the arch. Line 2.

• Hold the stick vertically so that it runs from the inner brow line out to the

top of the ear. Line 4.


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11. THREADING PROCEDURE

1. Cleanse the area and apply talc.

2. Brush eyebrows.

3. Measure the eyebrow accordingly.

4. One end of the thread is held between the teeth of the therapist and the other end is held firmly with the left hand.

The index and middle finger of the right hand then form a loop in the center of the string.

Some therapists will apply baby powder to the eyebrows before they begin. The baby powder will absorb any oils around the hair follicles that may cause the hairs to slip from the thread as it is pulled.

The thread is then rolled over the surface of the skin collecting the hairs as it moves.

The thread is then used to lift the hairs out by the root.

This procedure does involve a small amount of pain. The amount of pain will vary from person to person. Many people find that this is the best way to get a great arch to their eyebrow. Because threading is so effective in removing even baby fine hairs, make-up goes on much more smoothly.

5. Consult with the client about your work.

6. Repeat on left eye.

7. Soothe the client’s brow with antiseptic/witch hazel.

8. Brush hairs into place.

9. Remove the head band.

10. Show client’s brow in the mirror and check that she is happy

11. Advise client on homecare, further treatments and any product recommendations.

12. Update the client’s record card and make a follow-up appointment.


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12. AFTERCARE

It is very important to give your client clear instructions about what to expect and what to do at home in order to get the best from their treatments. This will help prolong the effects. It is essential to emphasise the importance of aftercare. Clients must be provided with clear written aftercare instructions to prevent adverse reactions and know how to deal with them.

They must also have an appreciation of the importance of regular services, and be given the opportunity to purchase skin care products.

It is always good practice to give your client a leaflet explaining the advice. This way you make sure they know and understand what to expect. Explain to the client some points that they should consider:

• Advise the client against touching or rubbing areas immediately after treatment.

• If redness occurs, apply a damp cotton wool compress to soothe the area.

• The client can remove any stray hairs in between eyebrow shaping appointments.

• Avoid make-up for a few hours.

• Apply soothing gel.

• Avoid heat treatments, e.g. saunas, steam rooms, sun/sunbeds.

• Explain that the client will need to return in 2-4 weeks.

Finally, ask the client for feedback on the treatment, fill in their record card, and ask if they would like to rebook. In the unlikely event that your client is unhappy with their treatment, find out why and try to rectify it. Try not to let your client leave feeling dissatisfied with the treatment. Depending on the situation, you can offer to redo part of the treatment, offer them a free treatment, e.g. eyebrow shape, or rebook the treatment at a discounted price or even free of charge.


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13. STORAGE & INSURANCE

STORAGE Make sure you receive a copy of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) from your suppliers. All staff must be trained on the use of products and equipment. Training manuals and information leaflets should be accessible to all staff. Store your products correctly by following the guidance on the MSDS. Carry out a risk assessment on each product or COSHH report if required. Keep products in original containers where possible and ensure any decanted products are fully labelled in smaller, purpose built containers. Keep all flammable products out of direct sunlight and at room temperature or below. Mobile therapists must make suitable travel arrangements to avoid spillage and ensure safe working practice, and be professional in appearance. INSURANCE

There are several types of insurance that are potentially relevant to you as a therapist. The most important are the ‘Professional Indemnity Insurance’ and ‘Public Liability Insurance’. Both of these are necessary in the unlikely event that a client decided to sue you.

• Public Liability Insurance - This covers you if a member of the public, i.e. a client or passerby is injured on your premises or if their personal property is damaged in any way.

• Professional Indemnity Insurance - This protects you should a client

decide to sue you claiming personal injury or damage as a result of treatments carried out by you.

• Employer’s Liability Insurance - This is only necessary if you hire others to

work for you. This type of insurance would cover you should a member of your staff have an injury on your premises.

• Product Liability Insurance - This insurance is important if you plan to

use, manufacture or sell products as part of your business. This will protect you in the event that a client is dissatisfied with the product or experiences a reaction to using the product.

• Car Insurance - If a car is used for business purposes, ensure that this is

covered by the policy and that theft of equipment is included.


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14. CONTACT DETAILS

CONTACT DETAILS The Principal : Tia Dowman Address : 706 Delta Office Park

Welton Road Swindon Wiltshire SN5 7XS

Telephone : 01793 73 77 33 Email : [email protected] Website : www.wsbht.co.uk


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15. SELF ASSESSMENT

Do I have a good understanding of:

! Hygiene, health & safety □

! Sterilising equipment □

! The skin □

! The hair □

! Soothing products □

! Benefits □

! Eyebrow shapes □

! Contra-indications □

! Contra-actions □

! Aftercare □

Can I:

! Set up my area □

! Complete a thorough consultation □

! Complete threading treatment □

! Give aftercare advice □

When you have ticked all the boxes you are ready for your assessments.

Please contact the school to book a date.

Well done!


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16. NOTES


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17. ACCREDITATION

This course is accredited by:

• The Guild of Beauty Therapists • VTCT

WSBHT is registered with UKRPL UK Register of Learning Providers No: 10027055

Medical Disclaimer It is advised that you take medical advice if you or any of your clients have a health problem. Any qualification from WSBHT will not qualify you to advise on any medical condition or to diagnose a condition.

Liability WSBHT will accept NO liability for any person for any type of loss or damage whatsoever resulting from the use of materials within any course held by WSBHT. Copyright All copyright and other intellectual property rights in these materials are owned by or licensed by WSBHT. Copyright, adapting or other use of all or part of these materials without written permission of WSBHT is strictly prohibited.

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