The Viking Age:Ireland and the West

Papers from the Proceedings of the FifteenthViking Congress, Cork, 18—27 August 2005

John Sheehan & Donnchadh O CorrainEDITORS

Shannon Lewis-SimpsonEDITORIAL ASSISTANT

Contents

LIST OF I L L U S T R A T I O N S IX

NOTES ON C O N T R I B U T O R S xvi

THE F I F T E E N T H V I K I N G C O N G R E S S XXI

MEMBERS & ASSOCIATES xxii

CONGRESS DIARY XXV

1 Conversion and the Church in Viking-Age Ireland iLesley Abrams

2 Runic inscriptions and Viking-Age Ireland 11Michael Barnes & Jan Ragnar Hagland

3 The Dunmore Cave [2] hoard and the role of coins in thetenth-century Hiberno-Scandinavian economy 19Kristin Bornholdt Collins

4 Ragnarok and the stones of York 47Paul C. Buckland

5 Unsung heroes: the Irish and the Viking wars 60Howard B. Clarke

6 Peaceful wars and scientific invaders: Irishmen, Vikingsand palynological evidence for the earliest settlement of theFaroe Islands 66Kevin J. Edwards & Douglas B, Borthwick

7 Laithlinn, 'Fair Foreigners' and 'Dark Foreigners': the identityand provenance of Vikings in ninth-century Ireland 80Colmdn Etchingham

8 Place-names as evidence for urban settlements in Britain inthe Viking Period 89Gillian Fellows-Jensen

9 Ribe: continuity or discontinuity from the eighth to thetwelfth century? 97Claus Feveile

10 Norwegian crosses in the Hebrides and Shetland? 107Ian Fisher

vi Contents

11 Late Viking-Age runestones in Uppland: some gender aspects 113Anne-Sofie Grdslund

12 Weapons and warfare in Viking-Age Ireland 124Andrew Halpin

13 The Suffolk Street sword: further notes on the College Greencemetery, Dublin 136Stephen H. Harrison

14 Who were the Papar? Typological structures in Islendingabok 145Pernille Hermann

15 Viking elements in Irish towns: Cork and Waterford 154Maurice F. Hurley

16 The warrior ideal in the Late Viking Age 165Judith Jesch

17 The Vikings in Connemara 174Eamonn Kelly

18 Dotted runes: where did they come from? 188James E. Knirk

19 Kirk wall revisited 199Raymond Lamb

20 Viking-Age and Norse pottery in the Hebrides 204Alan M. Lane

21 Viking-Age queens and the formation of identity 217Shannon Lewis-Simpson

22 The ledung and the continuity of warfare from the Viking Ageto the Middle Ages: the example of Sweden 227Thomas Lindkvist

23 The baptism of Harald Bluetooth 234Niels Lund

24 King Magnus Bareleg's adventures in the West: the makingof a King's Saga 240Else Mundal

25 Urbanism and Christianity in Norway 248Scebjerg Walaker Nordeide

26 Rebuilding the 'city of angels': Muirchertach Ua Briain andGlendalough, ^.1096-1111 258Tontds O Carragdin

Contents vii

27 Culture clashes? The human remains from theWood Quay excavations 271Ban a O'Donnabhain

28 Surtshellir: a fortified outlaw cave in West Iceland 283Gudmundur Olafsson, Kevin P. Smith Q> Thomas McGovern

29 Women in early towns 298Ingvild 0ye

30 Bridging the distribution gap: inscribed swords from Denmark 309Anne Pedersen

31 Ninth-century Viking entries in the Irish annals:no 'forty years' rest' 322Enter Purcell

32 The metal detector and the Viking Age in England 338Julian D. Richards & John Nay lor

33 From Scandinavia to Spain: a Viking-Age reliquary inLeon and its meaning 353Else Roesdahl

34 The sagas and courtly love 361Daniel Sdvborg

35 Life and death among the Picts and Vikings at Westness 369BeritJ. Sellevold

36 Colonel Sempronius Stretton and the reprovenancing of aViking-Age hoard 380John Sheehan

37 Weapons and warfare in Icelandic place-names 390Svavar Sigmundsson

38 The Finglas burial: archaeology and ethnicity in Viking-Age Dublin 402Maeve Sikora

39 The first phase ofViking activity in Ireland: archaeologicalevidence from Dublin 418Linzi Simpson

40 Close ties and long-range relations: the emporia network inearly Viking-Age exchange 430Seren M. Sindbak

41 Ailikn's wagon and Odinn's warriors: the pictures on theGotlandic Ardre monuments 441Porgunnur Snadal

viii Contents

42 Ulfberht revisited: a classification 450Anne Stalsberg

43 Toftanes and the early Christianity of the Faroe Islands 465Stejfen Stummann Hansen

44 Cosmic aspects of sanctuaries in Viking-Age Scandinavia withcomparisons to the West-Slavic area 474Olof Sundqvist

45 The making of a centre: the case of Reykholt, Iceland 483Gudriin Sveinbjarnardottir

46 Ethnicity and class in settlement-period Iceland 494Orri Vesteinsson

47 Hedeby, the settlement and the harbour: old data andrecent research 511Claus von Carnap-Bornheim, Volker Hilberg, Sven Kalmring& Joachim Schultze

48 Plot-use and access in an eleventh-century Dublin building level 525Patrick F. Wallace

49 On eid-names in Orkney and other North Atlantic islands 545Doreen Waugh

50 Textiles that work for their living: a late eleventh-centurycloth from Cork, Ireland 555Elizabeth Wincott Heckett

INDEX 565