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THE

VALUE

OF

BEAUTY

This report was produced by Oxford Economics. The company was founded in 1981 as a commercial venture with Oxford University’s business college to provide economic forecasting and modelling to UK companies and financial institutions expanding abroad. Since then, we have become one of the world’s foremost independent global advisory firms, providing reports, forecasts and analytical tools. Our best-in-class global economic and industry models and analytical tools give us an unparalleled ability to forecast external market trends and assess their economic, social and business impact.

Headquartered in Oxford, England, with regional centres in London, New York, and Singapore, Oxford Economics has a total of more than 20 offices across the globe. We employ 400 full-time staff, including more than 250 professional economists, industry experts and business editors – one of the largest teams of macroeconomists, economic impact and thought leadership specialists. Our global team is highly skilled in a full range of research techniques and thought leadership capabilities, from econometric modelling, scenario framing, and economic impact analysis to market surveys, case studies, expert panels, and web analytics.

AN OXFORD ECONOMICS REPORT ON THE ECONOMIC IMPACT

OF THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY

COMMISSIONED BY THE BRITISH BEAUTY COUNCILMAY 2019

© BRITISH BEAUTY COUNCIL VALUE OF BEAUTY

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FOUNDING PATRONS

VALUE OF BEAUTY © BRITISH BEAUTY COUNCIL

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CONTENTS

Executive summary 06

1. The definition of beauty 10

1.1 Defining the industry 11

1.2 Core sectors of the beauty industry 14

1.3 Boosting economic capacity 15

1.4 Structure of this report 15

2. The value of beauty 16

2.1 Consumer spending in 2018 17

3. The beauty of beauty 20

3.1 Direct impacts 21

3.2 Total economic contributions 25

4. The new beauty economy 30

4.1 Education and skills training 31

4.2 Digital influencers 32

5. Conclusion 34

Appendix 1: Comprehensive results 37

Appendix 2: Methodology 40


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EXECUTIVESUMMARY


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The beauty industry is a familiar presence in the UK’s shops, on its high streets, and throughout the assorted media that carry its adverts. Comprising a diverse range of everyday essentials, luxury goods and personal services, consumers rely on the beauty industry for a multitude of needs every day. Such demand and innovation has put the beauty sector at the heart of the UK economy, while also establishing a major cultural footprint.

To date, however, there has been no comprehensive attempt to quantify the value that the beauty industry creates for the UK economy – either in terms of its contribution to GDP, or the jobs it sustains. Indeed, the diverse range of goods and services produced, and the lack of recognition in official industry classifications, means there has been no fixed definition of what the beauty industry actually consists of. This both limits public understanding of the importance of the industry to the UK economy, and restricts its ability to promote itself as a single entity.

This report by Oxford Economics seeks to rectify these major omissions. Commissioned by the British Beauty Council, it builds on an analysis of the structure of the industry, conducted by BritainThinks, to quantify, for the first time, the total contribution made by the beauty industry to the UK economy in 2018.

THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY’S TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACTThe key driver of the value that the beauty industry generates for the UK economy is consumer spending, which totalled £27.2 billion in 2018. The largest share of this came from purchases of care and maintenance products, worth £10.4 billion. A further £8.7 billion was generated through purchases of personal enhancement products, while £8.0 billion was spent on the huge range of beauty services.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

£27.2 bnTOTAL VALUE OF UK

CONSUMPTION OF BEAUTY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

IN 2018.

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As a result, our analysis finds that the beauty industry made a total contribution to UK GDP worth £28.4 billion in 2018. This figure equates to 1.3 percent of the UK’s total GDP, and is equivalent to all the economic activity undertaken in either Manchester or Glasgow last year.

The largest share of this contribution to GDP, totalling £14.2 billion, was generated by the beauty industry itself (known as the ‘direct’ impact). Representing almost half the total economic impact of the sector in 2018, this reflects the fact that large numbers of beauty industry retailers, wholesalers, and bespoke advertisers are included within our definition of the industry itself.

The industry’s procurement stimulated a further £5.9 billion contribution to UK GDP along its domestic supply chain in 2018 (the ‘indirect’ impact). In addition, £8.4 billion was contributed as a result of workers in the beauty industry and its supply chain spending their wages in the consumer economy (known as the ‘induced’ impact).

Summing all three channels of impact, we calculate that the beauty industry supported a total of 590,500 jobs in 2018. This equates to one in every 60 jobs in the UK economy, and is similar to the number of people employed in Birmingham last year. The industry itself directly employed 370,200 people, with a further 220,300 jobs being supported through its supply chain and wage-related consumer spending contributions.

We also find that the beauty industry supported £7.0 billion in UK tax revenues in 2018 – equivalent to the combined salaries of 250,000 nurses and midwives.1

More than half of this amount, £3.9 billion, was paid directly by the beauty industry and its staff. The other £3.1 billion was stimulated by the industry’s supply chain procurement and wage-related consumer spending.

£28.4 bnTOTAL CONTRIBUTION TO UK GDP

MADE BY THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY THROUGH ITS THREE CHANNELS OF IMPACT IN 2018

HALF OF THIS IMPACT

(£14.2 billion)CAME FROM THE SECTOR’S

OWN ACTIVITIES

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This is equivalent to the salaries of

250,000 nurses and midwives.

1 The median annual wage for nurses and midwives in 2018 was £28,163. ONS, (2018), ‘Earnings and hours worked, occupation by four-digit SOC: ASHE Table 14’, 25 October 2018.

£7 bnIN UK TAX

REVENUES, 2018


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BOOSTING THE UK ECONOMY’S POTENTIALAs well as its core contributions to the UK economy each year, the beauty industry boosts the UK’s productive potential by supporting the acquisition of new skills among its employees, and by leading the way in how industries are finding new ways to reach consumers.

One of the key factors driving this is education. In 2018, a total of 65,550 people achieved beauty-related vocational qualifications. The largest share of these qualifications were in hairdressing (24 percent), followed by multidisciplinary beauty courses (23 percent). In addition, a further 1,305 people were studying for beauty-related degrees last year, predominantly in make-up related specialties.

There are also new sectors of the UK economy whose creation has been driven by the beauty industry. One example is the emergence of ‘digital influencers’ who use online platforms to reach huge audiences, creating a new way for companies to communicate with potential customers.

590,500JOBS SUPPORTED BY THE BEAUTY

INDUSTRY IN 2018

This equates to one in every

60 jobs in the UK economy.


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THE DEFINITIONOF BEAUTY1


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FIG. 1 OUR DEFINITION OF THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY

The UK beauty industry is a familiar presence to British consumers, in the form of the products they use on a daily basis, the wide range of services the industry offers, and the brands that rank among the country’s best-known. As a result, the sector has a very large economic and cultural footprint.

Yet to date, there been no assessment of the total value the industry generates for the UK economy. One reason for this is that there is no official definition of the beauty sector in national statistics; another is the diverse range of products and services that can be considered part of the industry. This report rectifies this gap by producing the first quantification of the beauty industry’s total contribution to the UK economy.

1.1 DEFINING THE INDUSTRYThe British Beauty Council worked with BritainThinks to develop a definition of the beauty industry. This involved two workshops, several indepth interviews, and a quantitative survey that tested a proposed definition with a variety of stakeholders, including service providers, retailers, media representatives, and manufacturers. This definition went through several iterations, with the final version reflecting a consensus based on the perspectives of individuals representing different components of the industry. The structure of this definition, and the products and services included in it, are detailed in Fig. 1.

THE DEFINITION OF BEAUTY

PERSONAL CARE & MAINTENANCE

Dental care All dental products for personal use

Hair Products for care, washing, styling and grooming of hair

Personal care and hygiene All personal care products, including deodorant, soaps and wash products, bath products and relevant accessories

Skin and body care Creams and wash products for face, lips, feet, hands and brows.

Sun care Sun creams, lotions, after-sun and self-tan products

Hair removal All shaving, waxing and depilatory products for domestic use

Nail care Nail care and maintenance products and accessories

PERSONAL ENHANCEMENT

Cosmetics All varieties of make-up, cosmetics and make-up removers

Nail colour Nail varnish products

Accessories and applications Applicators, disposables, electricals, accessories and applications

Hair enhancements Hair colour, relaxers and other chemical services, extensions, wigs and enhancements

Personal fragrance/perfume Perfume, eau du toilette, eau de parfum, after shave and body sprays

SERVICES

Holistic treatments Massage, reflexology and acupuncture

Beauty treatments Face, brows, lashes, feet and nails treatments, as well as tanning, hair removal, mobile beauty, consultations and tutorials

Hair services Haircuts, barbering, colour, perms, relaxing and other chemical services, extensions, wigs and mobile hair services1P

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INTRODUCING ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS

The contribution that the beauty industry makes to the UK economy can be measured using a standard means of analysis called an ‘economic impact assessment’. This involves quantifying the impact of three channels of expenditure undertaken by the beauty industry:

• Direct impact – this relates to the employment, contribution to GDP, and tax generated by the industry’s operational expenditure. It occurs at the industry’s factories, offices, wholesale, retail and other premises.

• Indirect impact – the economic activity and employment stimulated along the beauty industry’s supply chain by its procurement of inputs of goods and services from outside the sector.

• Induced impact – this comprises the wider economic benefits that arise from the payments of wages by firms within the beauty industry and along their supply chains to their employees, who spend their earnings in retail, leisure and other outlets. It includes the economic activity stimulated in these outlets’ supply chains.

See Fig. 2, for a visual summary of how these three channels relate. The sum of these channels makes up the total impact of the beauty industry on the UK economy. This economic contribution is measured using three metrics:

• GDP, or more specifically, the ‘gross value added’ (GVA) contribution to GDP;

• Employment, measured on a headcount basis (for comparison with Office for National Statistics (ONS) data on employment); and

• Tax revenues flowing to the UK government.

The results of this study are presented on a gross basis. They therefore ignore any displacement of activity from other industries. They also do not consider what the resources currently used by the beauty industry or stimulated by its expenditure could alternatively produce in their second most productive usage.

The expenditure impact modelling is conducted using an Input-Output (I-O) based model of the UK. This model was constructed by Oxford Economics, using data published by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). Further detail about the economic impact methodology is included in Appendix 2.


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FIG. 2 ILLUSTRATION OF THE CHANNELS OF ECONOMIC IMPACT

INDUCEDIMPACT

DIRECTIMPACT

TAX

GDP

JOBS

TAX

GDP

JOBS

TAX

GDP

JOBS

A company or sector employs lots of sta�.

Its operations generate GDP and tax

for the authorities.

Employees (including of the suppliers)

spend their wages in the wider economy,

generating more jobs, GDP and tax revenues.

Added together, these three e�ects – direct, indirect, induced – comprise the total economic impact of the company or sector

It also spends money with suppliers who

employ sta�, generate GDP and pay taxes.

They use other suppliers in turn.

TOTAL IMPACT

INDIRECTIMPACTSTAFF STAFF


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1.2 CORE SECTORS OF THE BEAUTY INDUSTRYWhen we consider the structure of the beauty industry, as well as looking at the final goods and services that it sells, we examine the tiers of the industry that support this activity. This means that, as well as the final retailers and service providers that consumers are in contact with, we also include the wholesale and manufacturing processes. We view these as the ‘core sectors’ of the industry and, as such, model them all as contributors to the direct impact, seen in its contributions to GDP, employment and taxation.

Analysing the industry in this way means that the different parts of the supply chain that are responsible for delivering products and services to consumers are all recognised. This definition of the core sectors of the beauty industry and the way they interact is used throughout the analysis of the beauty industry’s economic impact in this report, with their components detailed below:

• Service providers – The variety of beauty service providers in the industry will deliver services to consumers, with beauty products purchased from wholesalers. One example of this is beauty salons, who, as well as delivering services, will rely on purchases of beauty products in order to serve their customers.

• Retailers – In the case of the products that are consumed, retailers represent the top of the supply chain. They make purchases from wholesalers and supply consumers with finished products.

• Wholesalers – At the heart of the supply chain, wholesalers distribute to retailers and service providers. They themselves make purchases from domestic manufacturers and import goods from abroad.

• Manufacturers – Beauty products made in the UK are produced by manufacturers for sale in the domestic market and export markets around the world.

The structure of these interactions is illustrated in Fig. 3.

RETAILERSOF BEAUTYPRODUCTS

BEAUTYSERVICE

PROVIDERS

EXPORTS

IMPORTS

WHOLESALERSOF BEAUTYPRODUCTS

MANUFACTURERSOF BEAUTYPRODUCTS

FIG. 3 ILLUSTRATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN OF THE CORE INDUSTRY

• Supply chain in UK economy

• Trade with other economies

THE DEFINITION OF BEAUTY


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Each of these components of the direct industry will be responsible for their own direct economic footprint, whilst also relying on purchases of goods and services that are not direct components of the beauty industry. These purchases will drive the indirect contributions to GDP.

As well as this we wish to incorporate some additional measurable impacts of key industries that supply the sector. Our methodology allows us to estimate the share of the beauty industry’s supply chain that is accounted for by specialist advertising and market research. These industries justify their inclusion as a part of this economic impact analysis through their specialism in working for the beauty industry.

1.3 BOOSTING ECONOMIC CAPACITYAs well as the value that we can quantify in terms of contributions to GDP or employment, the beauty industry boosts the capacity of the UK economy by making it more productive and developing new ways in which firms can reach their customers. In Section 4 we consider the large amount of education and skills training that the industry drives. This boosts the productivity of the workers undertaking the education and training, but also has spillover impacts to other staff through knowledge transfer. We also look at the industry’s use of ‘digital influencers’, which is fostering an alternative route through which firms can communicate information to potential customers rather than traditional advertising.

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORTThe remainder of this report is structured as follows:

• Chapter 2 illustrates the pattern of consumption of goods and services across the UK beauty industry, which is a key driver of the scale of the industry’s activities;

• Chapter 3 presents the total economic impacts of the industry; and

• Chapter 4 details how the industry boosts the UK’s productive capacity of the economy.

The UK cosmetics industry is innovative, vibrant and based on sound science, contributing significantly to the UK economy. People working throughout the beauty supply chain, from ingredients to manufacture to the shelf or salon, are crucial to its success, delivering products that are essential in daily life and supporting wellbeing.

DR EMMA MEREDITH DIRECTOR-GENERAL, CTPA


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THEVALUEOF BEAUTY2


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FIG. 4 CONSUMER SPENDING IN THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY IN 2018, BROAD CATEGORIES (£, MILLIONS)

Source: Oxford Economics, ONS (2019)

Fig 4

2.1 CONSUMER SPENDING IN 2018

The scale of the beauty industry’s contribution to the economy is primarily driven by UK consumer spending on beauty products and services. This not only creates business for retailers but supports a large supply chain that makes up the backbone of the beauty industry. The sale of exports also has an impact on the scale of the manufacturing segment of the industry. But understanding UK consumer spending on beauty products and services is key to estimating the size of the industry’s impact on the UK economy.

Using data from the ONS Living Costs and Food Survey and access to their Secure Research Service, we analysed consumer spending on beauty products and services according to the categories defined in Fig. 1. We estimate that UK consumers spent a total of £27.2 billion on beauty products and services in 2018, 2 percent of UK household’s total consumer spending.2 Some £10.4 billion or 38 percent of this expenditure was spent on personal care and maintenance products (Fig. 4). An additional £8.7 billion or 32 percent of total was spent on personal enhancement products, with the remaining £8.0 billion spent on beauty services.

To demonstrate the type of items in each of these categories, we divide spending further into a total of 15 groups of products and services.

Of the expenditure on personal care and maintenance products, the largest spend of £3.2 billion was on personal care and hygiene products, including a diverse range of items such as deodorant, soap and wash products (see Fig. 5 overleaf). Spending on skin and body care products ranked second at £2.2 billion and hair products, including both washing and styling products came third at £1.9 billion.

THE VALUE OF BEAUTY

2 ONS (March 2019): ‘ Consumer trends, UK: October to December 2018’

• 10,440 Personal care and maintainance

• 8,740 Personal enhancement

• 7,980 Services2 Ph

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Of the £8.7 billion of consumer expenditure on personal enhancement products, some 37 percent or £3.2 billion was spent on cosmetics. There was also significant expenditure on accessories and applications, and fragrances and perfume.

Of the beauty services that are consumed within the UK, hair services make up the largest share, worth £6.3 billion in consumer spending. A broad range of beauty treatments ranked second at £1.4 billion in spending.

THE VALUE OF BEAUTY

FIG. 5 CONSUMER SPENDING ON BEAUTY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES BY TYPE IN 2018 (£, MILLIONS)


2,330

2,550

1,450

450

810

1,780

1,930

2,180

3,210

3,250

6,290

PE

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Personal care and hygiene

Skin and body care

Hair

Dental care

Hair removal

Sun care

Nail care

Cosmetics

Accessories and applications

Fragrance and perfume

Nail colour

Hair enhancements

Hair services

Beauty treatments

Holistic treatments

90

330

280

240

£3.2 BILLION

SPENT ON COSMETICS

IN 2018


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SAVING THE HIGH STREET

Recent years have provided a hostile environment for shops and services on UK high streets. Data shows a high rate of closure among shops, with a net decrease of 7,550 occupied retail units in 2018 with a steadily increasing vacancy rate among retail spaces.3

These changes have taken place in the face of a rapidly changing marketplace, with online sales taking an ever-increasing portion of the market. Between December 2015 and December 2018, the online share of department store sales increased from 11.9 percent to 17.8 percent and its share of household goods sales increased from 9.2 percent to 14.6 percent.

This poses a clear challenge to all businesses operating on the UK’s high street, however the beauty industry is succeeding in bucking the trend. An assessment of the retail and leisure sector in 2018 by the Local Data Company reveals significant growth in the presence of the beauty industry on UK high streets, with a net increase of 1,225 retail and service spaces.

The growth in the presence of the beauty industry on the high street is a major positive, however it masks a complex picture, with the number of service providers growing by 1,394, whilst the number of retailers of beauty products declined by 169.

Barbers are experiencing rapid and accelerating growth, with 813 added in 2018, the highest of any category (see Fig. 6). This was accompanied by the addition of 495 additional beauty salons, 166 nail salons, and 81 mixed hair and beauty salons. However there have been declines for other components, with 162 fewer hairdressers and 168 fewer retailers of chemist and toiletry products. It is unclear how much of the decline in hairdressers reflects a restructuring towards more diversified beauty salons, however this general trend of hairdressers declining whilst other

service providers increase can be seen over at least the last five years.

FIG. 6 CHANGE IN THE NUMBER OF RETAILERS AND SERVICES ON UK HIGH STREETS BETWEEN 2017 AND 2018. Net change, 2017 – 2018

Source: The Local Data Company

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

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Chemist

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Beauty

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Nail sa

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Hair &

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Beauty

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Health

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Cosmet

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Hairpiec

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Tanning sh

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Fig 6

813

495

16681

17 4 2 -4 -7 -12 -162 -168

3 All data in this section was provided by the Local Data Company.


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THEBEAUTYOF BEAUTY3

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Hotels and accommodation 16,570

Advertising 15,800

BEAUTY INDUSTRY 14,170

Manufacture of motor vehicles 13,530

Publishing activities 12,970

Sports activities 11,790

FIG. 7 DIRECT CONTRIBUTION TO GDP OF BEAUTY INDUSTRY IN 2018, IN CONTEXT (£, MILLIONS)


3.1 DIRECT IMPACTS3.1.1 DIRECT CONTRIBUTION TO GDP

We estimate that in 2018 the beauty industry made a £14.2 billion direct gross value added contribution to UK GDP. This was 0.8 percent of the economic output produced in the UK in that year. To give a sense of scale, that was greater than the contribution to GDP made by motor vehicles manufacturing and publishing industries (Fig. 7).4

Beauty service providers made the largest direct contribution to GDP of the different segment of the industry in 2018, totalling £4.7 billion (see Fig. 8 overleaf). This was one-third of the total direct impact. A large reason for the size of this contribution is the large amount of time that practitioners spend with their customers, meaning that a very large share of the value that comes from the sale of their services is generated through businesses’ own employee compensation and profits, rather than in their supply chain.

The distribution of physical beauty products for sale in 2018 made a large direct contribution to GDP, consisting of a £3.8 billion contribution from retailers and a £3.5 billion contribution from wholesalers. The UK’s manufacturing of beauty products was worth a total of £1.9 billion to the economy. Specialised advertising and marketing firms contributed a total of £590 million.

THE BEAUTY OF BEAUTY

4 ONS (2019), ‘Annual Business Survey’, 8 November 2018.3

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In terms of specific products and services, a broad range of goods and services were responsible for the contribution that the industry made to GDP. Hair services made the largest contribution to UK GDP at £3.9 billion or 31 percent of the industry’s total direct impact.5 The £1.6 billion in gross value added generated by the production and sale of cosmetics ranked second, at 12 percent of the industry’s own impact. Personal care and hygiene products’ £1.5 billion contribution was third.

390

850

930

1,120

1,050

1,260

890

1,550

1,560

3,860

FIG. 9 DIRECT CONTRIBUTION TO GDP OF BEAUTY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES IN 2018 (£, MILLIONS)


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Skin and body care

Hair

Dental care

Hair removal

Sun care

Nail care

Cosmetics



Nail colour

Hair enhancements

Hair services

Beauty treatments

Holistic treatments

40

220

160

140

150

5 The total contribution to GDP made by services exeeds the direct footprint of service providers in Fig. 8 as it also includes the jobs that they create in wholesale and manufacturing.

FIG. 8 DIRECT CONTRIBUTION TO GDP OF BEAUTY INDUSTRY CORE SECTOR IN 2018 (£, MILLIONS)


Fig 8

• 4,670 Beauty services

• 3,810 Retailers

• 3,290 Wholesalers

• 1,810 Manufacturers

• 0,590 Advertising and marketing services


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3.1.2 DIRECT CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT

The beauty industry employed a total of 370,200 people in 2018. This was a total of 1.1 percent of all the employment in the UK. It was larger than the numbers employed in the legal industry or social work sector (Fig. 10).6

Reflecting their labour-intensive nature, beauty services provided the largest share of the industry’s employment at 150,300 people, or 33 percent of the total (see Fig. 11 overleaf). The two parts of the distribution channel were the next most important employers. Some 122,800 people working in retail and 57,000 people in wholesaling owed their job duty to the sale of beauty products in 2018.

FIG. 10 DIRECT CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT OF BEAUTY INDUSTRY IN 2018, IN CONTEXT (HEADCOUNT)


342,900

Legal activities

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000

381,000

373,800

370,200

342,900

320,300

Hotels and accommodation

Construction of buildings

BEAUTY INDUSTRY

Legal activities

Social work activities, excluding accomodation

Warehousing and storage 311,600

381,000Hotels and accommodation

373,800Construction of buildings

370,200BEAUTY INDUSTRY

320,300Social work activities, excluding accomodation

Warehousing and storage 311,600

Fig 10

6 ONS (2018), ‘Business Register and Employment Survey’, 27 September 2018.

I am delighted to see that the Value of Beauty report has shone a bright light on the fantastic contribution to employment in the UK that the Beauty industry are making. The sheer scale is really impressive, as is the diversity of the employees working across the industry in age, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation. We are proud to be a highly inclusive industry with opportunity for all.

ANNIE MURPHY SVP, CHIEF COMMERCIAL OFFICER, WBA


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Some 81 percent of the jobs generated in the beauty services industry occur in hair services. The 121,400 people employed cutting hair, barbering and providing other treatments comprise 33 percent of total employment in the beauty industry. This is higher than hair services 31 percent of the industry’s contribution to GDP.

Of the products that the industry produces, the largest number of jobs was generated by the sale of cosmetics, totalling 36,400 jobs. Personal care and hygiene products employed 36,000 people, with a further 29,800 from consumption of accessories and applications.



• 122,800 Retailers

• 57,000 Wholesalers

• 32,100 Manufacturers

• 8,100 Advertising and marketing services

FIG. 11 DIRECT EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTION OF CORE SECTORS OF THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY IN 2018 (HEADCOUNT)


Fig 11

FIG. 12 DIRECT EMPLOYMENT GENERATED BY BEAUTY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES IN 2018 (HEADCOUNT)


19,900

21,600

26,100

24,500

29,800

27,900

36,000

36,400

121,400

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Skin and body care

Hair

Dental care

Hair removal

Sun care

Nail care

Cosmetics



Nail colour

Hair enhancements

Hair services

Beauty treatments

Holistic treatments

9,100

5,000

1,000

3,700

3,200

4,700


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• 1,230 Retailers

• 980 Wholesalers

• 390 Manufacturers

• 130 Advertising and marketing services

• 14,170 Direct

• 5,850 Indirect

• 8,420 Induced

28,450 TOTAL

Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding

Fig 13

Fig 14

3.1.3 DIRECT CONTRIBUTION TO TAX

The direct activities of the UK beauty industry made a tax contribution worth £3.9 billion in 2018. The largest share of this comes through retailers, making a £1.2 billion contribution. Beauty service providers make a further £1.2 billion contribution, with a further £980 million from wholesalers and £390 million from manufacturers. A total of £130 million was generated through the activities of specialised advertising and marketing firms.

3.2 TOTAL ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS3.2.1 TOTAL CONTRIBUTION TO GDP

The beauty industry supported a total contribution of £28.4 billion to UK GDP in 2018. Alongside the direct impact of £14.2 billion detailed earlier in this section, it stimulated an indirect contribution along its supply chain worth £5.9 billion and an induced contribution from wage-financed consumer spending worth £8.4 billion (see Fig. 14). This total amounted to more than 1.3 percent of the whole UK economy in 2018 and is equivalent to all the economic activity produced in either the Manchester or Glasgow city areas.

The beauty industry is estimated to have a GDP multiplier of 2.0. So, for every £1 million of GDP that it generates itself, its spending supports another £1 million contribution elsewhere in the economy.7

7 The relatively small size of the multiplier in part reflects the inclusion of a proportion of the supply chain within the industry itself.

FIG. 13 DIRECT TAX CONTRIBUTION OF CORE SECTORS OF THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY IN 2018 (£, MILLIONS)


FIG. 14 TOTAL CONTRIBUTION TO GDP OF THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY IN 2018 (£, MILLIONS)



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Fig 15

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Beauty services

Retailers Wholesalers Manufacturers Advertising & marketing

services

4,670

1,820

2,640

3,810

1,670

2,460

3,290

860

1,640

1,810

1,070

1,200

590440480

TOTAL

1,510

TOTAL

4,070

TOTAL

5,790

TOTAL

7,940

TOTAL

9,130

Analysed by segment of the industry, providers of beauty services supported the largest contribution to UK GDP in 2018 (see Fig. 15). Their expenditure supported a £9.1 billion in gross value added, which was 32 percent of the total impact. Retailers supported a £7.9 billion contribution, or 28 percent of total. Wholesalers supported a £5.8 billion contribution.8

3.2.2 TOTAL CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT

We estimate that the beauty industry supported a total of 590,500 jobs in 2018, representing one in every 60 jobs in the economy. This is comparable to the number of people employed in Birmingham in 2018.

The beauty industry’s employment multiplier was lower than its activity multiplier at 1.6. So for every 10 jobs in the industry, it supported six jobs elsewhere in the economy (Fig. 16). The relatively low level of the employment multiplier reflects the labour-intensive nature of some of the segments – in particular, beauty services.


8 A full list of results, including detailed product and service level breakdowns are available in the full results breakdown in Appendix 1.

• Direct

• Indirect

• Induced


FIG. 15 TOTAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO GDP OF CORE SECTORS OF THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY IN 2018 (£, MILLIONS)



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Fig 17

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

Beauty services

Retailers Wholesalers Manufacturers Advertising & marketing

services

150,300

26,000

39,600

122,800

27,400

36,900

57,000

24,600

32,100

17,900

16,700

7,2008,3008,100

TOTAL

23,600TOTAL

66,700

TOTAL

97,200

TOTAL

187,100

TOTAL

215,900

A total of 215,900 jobs were supported by beauty service providers in 2018. The majority of these jobs (70 percent) were in the industry itself, with an additional contribution of 26,000 coming in its supply chain and 39,600 from the induced effect. Retail of beauty products is responsible for an employment footprint totalling 187,100 jobs, which consists of an indirect effect of 27,400 jobs and a further 36,900 jobs from the induced effect. Wholesalers, manufacturers and specialised advertising and marketing firms had total employment footprints of 97,200, 66,700 and 23,600 jobs respectively.

• 370,200 Direct

• 94,000 Indirect

• 126,200 Induced

590,500 TOTAL


• Direct

• Indirect

• Induced


Fig 16

FIG. 17 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT FOOTPRINT OF CORE SECTORS OF THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY IN 2018 (£, MILLIONS)


FIG. 16 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT FOOTPRINT OF THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY IN 2018 (HEADCOUNT)


15,600


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3.2.2 TOTAL CONTRIBUTION TO TAX

In 2018, the beauty industry supported £7.0 billion in tax payments to the Exchequer. The industry and its staff paid 56 percent or £3.9 billion of these itself. The remainder was fairly equally spread between those supported by wage payments at 23 percent of the total and stimulated by the industry’s procurement from its supply chain at 21 percent.

The £7.0 billion contribution potentially supports vital public service work, and was equivalent to the salaries of 250,000 nurses and midwives.9


• 3,920 Direct

• 1,500 Indirect

• 1,620 Induced

7,040 TOTAL


Fig 18

FIG. 18 TOTAL TAX CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY IN 2018 (£, MILLIONS)


9 The median annual wage for nurses and midwives in 2018 was £28,163. ONS, (2018), ‘Earnings and hours worked, occupation by four-digit SOC: ASHE Table 14’, 25 October 2018.

£7 bnTAX TO THE

EXCHEQUER, 2018

What excites me the most is how perceptions of ‘beauty’ and identity can be harnessed and changed for the better by those who influence from within the industry: from tech to artistic direction, to the imagery and marketing, the power to shift attitudes and be part of positive change is a real inspiration to me.

KAY MONTANO, MAKEUP ARTIST


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DENTAL SERVICES

One component of the beauty industry that has not been examined in this report is cosmetic dentistry. Whilst this report would have been able to analyse the whole of dentistry services, it was not able to separate cosmetic dentistry from health-focussed dentistry. As such, whilst it is important to recognise the value of dental services, of which a portion fall within the beauty industry, it has been omitted from the core impact.

We estimate that the whole dental industry made a consumer-spending driven contribution to GDP totalling £4.8 billion in 2018. The largest share of this came from the direct contribution, worth £2.2 billion, supplemented by an indirect impact of £1.1 billion and an induced contribution from consumer spending worth £1.5 billion.

This activity is estimated to have supported a total of 107,000 jobs in 2018. The majority of these, 65,800, were employed through the direct industry, with a further 18,200 indirectly through the supply chain and an induced consumer spending impact sustaining 23,000 jobs. Dental services are estimated to have contributed a total of £1.2 billion to UK tax revenues in 2018, with £560 million of this coming from the direct industry.

This is therefore a large economic footprint. However, it is unclear what proportion can be considered part of the beauty industry.


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THE NEWBEAUTYECONOMY4


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As well as its core contribution to the UK economy, we also recognise the importance of the industry in terms of the ways it boosts the UK economy’s productive potential. Most notably this is seen through the education and training that it provides, as well as the new industries that are emerging and disrupting the existing ways that brands reach consumers. Alongside this, this section explores the importance of the role that the beauty through the social contributions that the sector makes.

4.1 EDUCATION AND SKILLS TRAININGThe diverse range of services that are delivered by the beauty industry relies on a skilled and experienced workforce. Developing this talent involves large amounts of specialist training, which we can see in the 65,550 vocational beauty qualifications that were achieved in the UK in 2018. These are made up by a range of NVQ, diploma and certificate qualifications.

Of these qualifications, the largest share is in hairdressing, with a total of 18,310 hairdressing-specific qualifications achieved in 2018, 28 percent of the total (Fig. 19). There was a total of 15,840 beauty therapy qualifications (24 percent), with 14,955 qualifications that cover multiple disciplines (23 percent). In addition, there are a range of nail care (5,585), barbering (5,320), make-up (4,370), and other beauty qualifications (1,170).

THE NEW BEAUTY ECONOMY

• 18,310 Hairdressing

• 15,840 Beauty therapy

• 14,955 Multidisciplinary

• 5,585 Nail

• 5,320 Barbering

• 4,370 Make-up

• 1,170 Other

FIG. 19 VOCATIONAL BEAUTY QUALIFICATIONS IN 2018, BY SUBJECT

Source: Ofqual, ONS (2019)

Fig 19

• 675 Entry level

• 8,375 Level 1

• 36,625 Level 2

• 19,285 Level 3

• 590 Level 4 & 5

FIG. 20 VOCATIONAL BEAUTY QUALIFICATIONS IN 2018, BY LEVEL

Source: Ofqual, ONS (2019)

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The vocational beauty qualifications achieved in 2018 are across a variety of different knowledge and skill levels (Fig. 20). Some 36,625 or 56 percent were at Level 2 (equivalent to a high GCSE grade). Another 19,285 or 29 percent were at Level 3 (A level equivalent).10 We estimate that these qualifications required an average of 400 guided learning hours to be completed, amounting to a total of 25.7 million hours of teaching in qualifications earned in 2018.11

In addition to this, a number of people enter the beauty industry with university level qualifications tailored specifically to the industry. In the 2017/18 academic year there were a total of 1,305 people studying a beauty-related degree, with 610 people in their first year of study. Of those in their first year, the bulk of these courses were related to make-up, with 460 in the first year of a theatrical make-up degree and 55 in general make-up degrees. The rest are made up of management studies, with 50 percent studying salon management and 45 percent studying spa management.

4.2 DIGITAL INFLUENCERSThe way that beauty products are promoted to consumers has evolved significantly over recent years with the emergence of online influencers.12 These are individuals who are in a position to promote products and services based on their large digital presence through various online platforms, primarily Instagram. This presents a key new way for brands to reach potential customers as they promote themselves and their products.

The role that influencers play has grown significantly in recent years, with many becoming key parts of the marketing campaigns of a wide range of beauty brands. The nature of this role can vary, with some influencers representing a whole brand, and others working on a single campaign. Furthermore, whilst many influencers will utilise their own established platforms to promote products, some have gone further to take part in campaigns using traditional media, such as TV advertisements and more established digital platforms.

The beauty industry has led the way in using this new promotional approach, with companies selecting influencers that they trust to represent their brands and values well. Specialist agencies have emerged as key components in the industry, connecting brands with influencers who can promote their products.

However, the industry provides its challenges for influencers working in it, who face a constant demand to create large quantities of content. This content must appeal to consumers, suits the brand or products they are promoting and help to develop their own profile. Furthermore, the market is becoming increasingly competitive, with many young people keen to enter the industry.

This is seen in the structure of the industry, with the majority of influencers having a relatively small following, whilst a minority have a major presence. In 2019, there are a total of more than 2,768 influencers with a presence in the industry, with many of these having suitable platforms to promote beauty products.13 A small number of these boast massive followings, with tens of millions of followers on Instagram, however this represents just one end of the industry. A total of only 108 have one million or more Instagram followers, with more than three fifths having fewer than 50,000.

Altogether, this represents a large change in the way that marketing campaigns can reach consumers. Brands in the industry now have a significant new way to promote themselves, generating value for them and their campaigns through a new advertising medium.

THE NEW BEAUTY ECONOMY

10 GOV.UK, ‘What qualification levels mean’, https://www.gov.uk/what-different-qualification-levels-mean/list-of-qualification-levels 11 Guided learning hours information gathered from the different awarding bodies. 12 Information in this section was gathered through interviews with industry figures and desk research. 13 Figures based on Diary Directory data.


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THE INDUSTRY’S SOCIAL CONTRIBUTION

The impact of the beauty industry is seen not only in how much it generates for the economy, but also in the value that it creates for the many people who consume these products. This value can come in many forms, ranging from satisfying basic hygiene and daily care needs, to building self-esteem and expressing individualism.

A number of organisations use this impact to support individuals who have specific needs or who might find these kinds of services especially beneficial. Some examples of these are detailed below.

GIVE AND MAKEUP Founded in 2010, Give and Makeup is a charity that provides everyday beauty products and essentials to women and children who have been victims of domestic violence. It does this by facilitating donations to Refuge and Women’s Aid, which are domestic violence charities supporting women and families in the UK.

These donations take the form of dental care, make-up, moisturisers, washing, women’s hygiene and other products, as well as items of clothing and toys for children. Donations are taken from both individuals and companies.

In providing these items, Give and Makeup is able to offer some comfort and small luxuries to people who have gone through traumatic experiences. In doing so it plays a role in helping people to get closer to a sense of normality, and hopefully move towards a more positive future as they build greater independence and self-esteem.

HAIRCUTS4HOMELESSOriginally inspired by stories of hairdressers who cut the hair for homeless people around the world, Haircuts4Homeless is a community of hairdressers and barbers who volunteer their time to provide haircuts for homeless people. Its volunteers give their time free of charge for a few hours a month.

Originally starting in Havering in East London, it now operates in a total of 42 locations across the UK, as well as more in Ireland and New York. Whilst its greatest resource is the expert volunteers who give their time for it, Haircuts4Homeless also benefits from relationships with a number of corporate partners, as well as being a recipient of National Lottery Funding.

As an organisation it recognises the importance of helping people to feel good about themselves, with haircuts having the ability to generate self-esteem. Furthermore, it highlights the value that hairdressers have to give, with a career that is founded on communicating and feeling empathy for their clients.


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CONCLUSION5


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But the industry’s contribution extends beyond these ‘core’ impacts. This report has also identified two important ways in which the industry enhances the productive potential of the UK economy:

• by building the skill sets of its employees through vocational training; and

• by its pioneering use of digital influencers as a marketing tool, which may in time rival traditional advertising as a means for firms to reach out to potential customers.

Altogether, these contributions underline the huge importance of the beauty industry to the UK – today, and into the future. Recognising and celebrating this value is critical as the industry seeks to flourish and deliver ever greater value for the UK economy in the coming years.

CONCLUSION

The beauty industry makes a major contribution to the UK economy, driven primarily by consumer spending on its products and services. For the first time, this report has quantified the sheer scale of the industry’s total economic footprint. In 2018, we find that its gross value added contribution to GDP was approaching £30 billion, and that it supported almost 600,000 jobs throughout the UK.

It is fantastic to see the Value of the Beauty Industry quantified for the first time. Beauty, like Fashion is a modern, forward looking industry, that is a significant contributor to GDP, accessible by extremely broad audiences and provides significant employment from both big business to the independent freelancers throughout the UK.CAROLINE RUSH CBE, CEO BRITISH FASHION COUNCIL

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APPENDIX


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APPENDIX 1: COMPREHENSIVE RESULTS

The tables in this appendix give both the direct and total contributions to GDP, employment, and tax revenues in 2018. Note that the figures may not add up to the totals due to rounding.

FIG. 21 CONTRIBUTIONS TO GDP (£, MILLIONS)

DIRECT TOTAL

RETAIL/ SERVICES WHOLESALE MANUFACTURING

ADVERTISING & MARKET RESEARCH SERVICES

TOTAL RETAIL/ SERVICES WHOLESALE MANUFACTURING


TOTAL

PERSONAL CARE AND MAINTENANCE

Dental care 350 290 160 50 850 740 520 230 120 1,610

Hair 380 320 170 50 930 800 570 390 130 1,890

Personal care & hygiene 640 530 290 90 1,550 1,330 940 930 230 3,430

Skin & body care 430 360 200 60 1,050 900 640 670 160 2,360

Sun care 90 70 40 10 220 190 130 140 30 490

Hair removal 160 130 70 20 390 340 240 120 50 740

Nail care 20 10 10 0 40 40 30 10 10 80

TOTAL 2,080 1,730 940 290 5,030 4,320 3,050 2,490 730 10,600


Cosmetics 650 540 290 90 1,560 1,340 950 490 220 3,000

Nail colour 70 50 30 10 160 140 100 50 20 310

Accessories & applications 510 420 260 70 1,260 1,050 740 440 170 2,410

Hair enhancements 60 50 30 10 140 120 80 60 20 280

Fragrance & perfume 460 390 210 60 1,120 970 680 420 160 2,230

TOTAL 1,740 1,450 820 230 4,240 3,620 2,560 1,460 590 8,220

SERVICES

Holistic treatments 140 0 0 0 150 280 10 0 10 300

Beauty treatments 850 20 10 10 890 1,660 30 20 30 1,740

Hair services 3,680 80 40 60 3,860 7,200 140 100 150 7,590

TOTAL 4,670 100 60 70 4,900 9,130 180 120 190 9,620

TOTAL 8,480 3,290 1,810 590 14,170 17,070 5,790 4,070 1,510 28,450

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FIG. 22 EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS (HEADCOUNT)

DIRECT TOTAL





TOTAL


Dental care 11,400 5,100 2,800 600 19,900 17,300 8,700 3,900 1,900 31,800

Hair 12,400 5,600 3,000 700 21,600 18,800 9,500 6,300 2,100 36,700

Personal care & hygiene 20,500 9,200 5,000 1,200 36,000 31,300 15,800 14,900 3,600 65,500

Skin & body care 13,900 6,300 3,500 800 24,500 21,200 10,700 10,700 2,500 45,100

Sun care 2,900 1,300 700 200 5,000 4,400 2,200 2,300 500 9,400

Hair removal 5,200 2,300 1,300 300 9,100 7,900 4,000 1,900 900 14,700

Nail care 600 300 100 0 1,000 900 400 200 100 1,600

TOTAL 66,800 30,100 16,300 3,900 117,100 101,800 51,300 40,200 11,400 204,700


Cosmetics 20,800 9,400 5,000 1,200 36,400 31,700 16,000 8,000 3,400 59,100

Nail colour 2,100 900 500 100 3,700 3,200 1,600 900 300 6,000

Accessories & applications 16,300 7,300 5,200 900 29,800 24,800 12,500 8,000 2,700 47,900

Hair enhancements 1,800 800 400 100 3,200 2,800 1,400 900 300 5,400

Fragrance & perfume 14,900 6,700 3,600 900 26,100 22,800 11,500 6,800 2,500 43,500

TOTAL 55,900 25,200 14,800 3,200 99,100 85,200 42,900 24,600 9,200 161,900

SERVICES

Holistic treatments 4,600 100 0 0 4,700 6,600 100 100 100 6,900

Beauty treatments 27,200 300 200 200 27,900 39,100 500 400 500 40,600

Hair services 118,400 1,400 800 800 121,400 170,100 2,400 1,600 2,300 176,400

TOTAL 150,300 1,800 1,000 1,000 154,000 215,900 3,000 2,000 2,900 223,800

TOTAL 273,000 57,000 32,100 8,100 370,200 402,900 97,200 66,800 23,600 590,500


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APPENDIX 1: COMPREHENSIVE RESULTS


– 39 –

FIG. 23 TAX CONTRIBUTIONS (£, MILLIONS)

DIRECT TOTAL





TOTAL


Dental care 110 90 30 10 240 200 140 50 30 410

Hair 120 100 40 10 270 210 150 80 30 480

Personal care & hygiene 210 160 70 20 450 360 250 210 50 870

Skin & body care 140 110 50 10 310 240 170 150 40 600

Sun care 30 20 10 0 60 50 30 30 10 120

Hair removal 50 40 10 0 110 90 60 20 10 190

Nail care 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 0 0 20

TOTAL 670 520 210 60 1,460 1,160 810 550 170 2,690


Cosmetics 210 160 60 20 450 360 250 100 50 760

Nail colour 20 20 10 0 50 40 30 10 10 80

Accessories & applications 170 130 50 10 360 290 200 90 40 610

Hair enhancements 20 10 10 0 40 30 20 10 0 70

Fragrance & perfume 150 120 40 10 320 260 180 90 40 560

TOTAL 560 430 170 50 1,220 970 670 300 140 2,090

SERVICES

Holistic treatments 40 0 0 0 40 70 0 0 0 70

Beauty treatments 210 10 0 0 230 390 10 0 10 410

Hair services 930 20 10 10 980 1,690 40 20 30 1,780

TOTAL 1,190 30 10 20 1,240 2,150 50 20 40 2,260

TOTAL 2,420 980 390 130 3,920 4,280 1,530 880 350 7,040


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ESTIMATING THE VALUE OF CONSUMER SPENDING ON BEAUTY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES IN THE UKThe ONS collects information on household spending patterns and the cost of living using the Living Costs and Food Survey (LCF). The survey is conducted throughout the year, across the whole of the UK, and is the most significant survey on household spending in the UK, utilising a diary approach that asks respondents to identify everything that they spend their money on.

We used a list of suggested products and services produced by the ONS to identify the items which fit into each of the individual product and service groups that was provided to us by the British Beauty Council. We accessed the LCF data on the amount of consumer expenditure via the ONS’ Secure Research Service, with a coded script used to sift for the products and services that were of interest and allocate them into the groups of products and services in the British Beauty Council’s definition.

In a number of cases this data found no entries for certain product or service categories, meaning that no respondents had listed them in their diary entries. As a result, categories including beauty supplements, medical beauty and cosmetic procedures are omitted from the results. Furthermore, various categories were grouped together. Applications were merged into accessories; tanning, hair removal, tutorials, mobile beauty and beauty consultations were merged into beauty treatments. Because of its association with the beauty industry through cosmetic dentistry, the dentistry services were included in the modelling, but not in the totals detailed in sections 2 or 3.

These value of consumer expenditure on beauty products and services was then allocated to the broader COICOP product classification groups.14 All fell into either category 6, “Health” or 12 “Miscellaneous goods and services”. These COICOP group shares were scaled up to the broad group based on the consumption values identified in the ONS’ publication Consumer Trends, utilising ONS’ Components of Household Expenditure data.15 This source was preferred to the ONS’ Components of Household Expenditure datasets, which could have served a similar purpose, following direct consultation with ONS statisticians.

APPENDIX 2: METHODOLOGY

14 The Classification of individual consumption by purpose, abbreviated to COICOP, is a classification developed by the United Nations Statistics Division to classify and analyse consumer spending.

15 ONS, (2018), ‘Consumer Trends, UK: July to September 2018’, 21 December.


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ANALYSING THE DIRECT IMPACT OF THE BEAUTY INDUSTRYThe consumer spending established above was aligned to the different parts of the economy that sell them, be that retailers in the case of beauty products, or service providers in the case of beauty services. Its share of the retail industry’s employment, gross value added, and tax payments was calculated using the ONS’ Annual Business Survey Standard Extracts.16 This provides summary information on different industries’ sales, purchases, employee compensation and profits, as well as their employment. In the case of retail and wholesale it also identifies the value of the goods that they buy for resale. The latter was used to identify the purchases of beauty products to model the value of the supply chain of beauty products from retailers and service providers to wholesalers and manufacturers.

Data on the manufacturing of beauty products was gathered from two sources. We collected data on UK manufacturers’ sales of individual beauty products using the ONS Prodcom dataset.17 This was combined with export data from HMRC to see the sales heading abroad, as well as the value of imports. This was used to estimate UK beauty product manufacturers turnover. For both wholesaling and manufacturing, Annual Business Survey data was again used to produce employment and gross value added estimates.

Finally, the tax contribution was analysed based on the effective tax rate that applies to income tax, payroll tax, corporation tax, taxes on production and taxes on products. There were all modelled based on ONS data and used to produce estimates of the tax contributions in the retail, wholesale and manufacturing components of the direct industry.

MODELLING THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY’S INDIRECT AND INDUCED CONTRIBUTIONSThe indirect and induced contributions were analysed based on Oxford Economics’ in-house UK economic impact model. This builds on an ONS input-output table for the UK to analyse the interactions between different sectors of the UK economy, as well as the structure of household consumption.18 The beauty industry’s procurement from businesses outside of the sector is used as the first tier of spending.

The gross value added and employment estimates in each industry in the supply chain are derived using gross output to gross value added ratios and estimates of labour productivity sourced from the Annual Business Survey. This model contains a tax analysis, utilising the same approach as was used in the direct analysis.

To calculate the induced impacts, the numbers employed in the beauty industry and each sector of its supply chain are multiplied by the distribution of wages in that industrial sector using the ONS’ Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings.19 The input-output tables tracks the value of this through the economy, allowing for leakage through imports and savings.

16 ONS, (2018), ‘Annual Business Survey – 2017 Provisional Results’, 8 November. 17 ONS, (2018), ‘UK Manufacturers’ Sales by Product Survey (Prodcom); Revised Estimates 2017’, 19 November. 18 ONS, (2018), ‘United Kingdom Input-Output Analytical Tables, 2014’, 2 March. 19 ONS, (2018), ‘Earnings and hours worked, industry by four-digit SIC: ASHE Table 16’, 25 October.


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WITH SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR ADVISORY BOARD:

Alexia Inge

Anna-Marie Solowij

Anna Teal

Caroline Hirons

Caroline Rush cbe

Daniela Rinaldi

David Gandy

Diana Robertson

Dija Ayodele

Fiona Ibanez-Leach

Frances Corner obe

Josh Wood

Kathy Phillips

Kay Montano

Lisa Eldridge

Liz Collins

Lopo Champalimaud

Louise Scott

Lucie Seffens

Marcia Kilgore

Mary Greenwell

Marian Newman

Michelle Boon

Michelle McGrath

Newby Hands

Robin Derrick

Sam McKnight

Sharmadean Reid mbe

Sharon Brigden

Sophia Hilton

Additional thanks to Liz Collins for the contribution of her photography to this report.

To become a Patron or for general enquiries:[email protected]

Press enquiries:[email protected]

Address:British Beauty Council Suite 7, 8 Percy Street, Fitzrovia W1T 1DL

britishbeautycouncil.com

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