the u.s. enters world war i chapter 14 section 1
TRANSCRIPT
The U.S. Enters World War IThe U.S. Enters World War I
Chapter 14 Section 1Chapter 14 Section 1
Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson
Elected president in 1912.Elected president in 1912. Strongly opposed imperialism.Strongly opposed imperialism. Believed that the U.S. should promote Believed that the U.S. should promote
democracy in order to keep peace in the democracy in order to keep peace in the world.world.
The Outbreak of World War IThe Outbreak of World War I
Tensions among European nations were Tensions among European nations were building in 1914.building in 1914.
Some factors for this include:Some factors for this include:– The Alliance systemThe Alliance system– The Naval RaceThe Naval Race– The Balkan CrisisThe Balkan Crisis
The Alliance SystemThe Alliance System
Germany and France had become Germany and France had become enemies because of a prior conflict.enemies because of a prior conflict.
Germany signed alliances with Italy and Germany signed alliances with Italy and Austria-Hungary to protect itself.Austria-Hungary to protect itself.
Russians were worried that Germany Russians were worried that Germany may move eastward, so they signed an may move eastward, so they signed an alliance with France because of their alliance with France because of their common opposition of Germany & common opposition of Germany & Austria-Hungary.Austria-Hungary.
The Naval RaceThe Naval Race
In 1898, Germany began to challenge Great In 1898, Germany began to challenge Great Britain and their dominance of the sea.Britain and their dominance of the sea.
In the early 1900s both Germany and Great In the early 1900s both Germany and Great Britain were racing to build warships.Britain were racing to build warships.
Because of this, tensions increased and Because of this, tensions increased and Britain became closer with France and Britain became closer with France and Russia.Russia.
Balkan CrisisBalkan Crisis
The Austro-Hungarian Empire had ruled the The Austro-Hungarian Empire had ruled the Balkans.Balkans.
Because of the idea of nationalism, many Because of the idea of nationalism, many nations began to push for independence. nations began to push for independence.
Some who wanted this were the Serbs, Some who wanted this were the Serbs, Bosnians, Croats, and Slovens.Bosnians, Croats, and Slovens.
Franz FerdinandFranz Ferdinand
The heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.The heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. Was killed by a member of the “black hand,” Was killed by a member of the “black hand,”
which was group that hoped to destroy the which was group that hoped to destroy the Austrian-Hungary Empire.Austrian-Hungary Empire.
How did this start World War I?How did this start World War I?
The Austro-Hungarian government blamed The Austro-Hungarian government blamed Serbia for the attack.Serbia for the attack.
They asked Germany for support, then They asked Germany for support, then issued an ultimatum to the Serbian issued an ultimatum to the Serbian government.government.
Since the Russians supported the Serbs, Since the Russians supported the Serbs, the Serbs expected Russia’s support. And in the Serbs expected Russia’s support. And in turn, Russia expected France’s support.turn, Russia expected France’s support.
1914 Timeline 1914 Timeline (DO NOT WRITE)(DO NOT WRITE)
June 28 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand is June 28 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated.assassinated.
July 28 – Austria declares war on Serbia.July 28 – Austria declares war on Serbia. August 1 – Germany declares war on Russia.August 1 – Germany declares war on Russia. August 3 – Germany declares war on France.August 3 – Germany declares war on France.
England enters warEngland enters war
Germany’s original plan was to invade Germany’s original plan was to invade France and knock them out of the war.France and knock them out of the war.
They had to pass through Belgium to get to They had to pass through Belgium to get to France.France.
Since England had promised Belgium Since England had promised Belgium neutrality, England declared war on neutrality, England declared war on Germany.Germany.
AlliancesAlliances
AlliesAllies– FranceFrance– RussiaRussia– Great BritainGreat Britain– Italy Italy – United StatesUnited States
• Central Powers• Germany• Austria-Hungary• Bulgaria• Ottoman Empire
Germany’s plan failsGermany’s plan fails
Germany is unable to take France after the Germany is unable to take France after the Russians attack Germany on the eastern Russians attack Germany on the eastern front.front.
American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality
When WWI began, President Wilson When WWI began, President Wilson declared the U.S. to be neutral in an attempt declared the U.S. to be neutral in an attempt to keep the country from being drawn into a to keep the country from being drawn into a foreign affair.foreign affair.
Americans Take SidesAmericans Take Sides
U.S. citizens had many differing views on U.S. citizens had many differing views on the war and which alliance to side with.the war and which alliance to side with.
What are some reasons to side with the What are some reasons to side with the Central Powers? Allies?Central Powers? Allies?
The U.S. leaned toward the Allies more than The U.S. leaned toward the Allies more than the Central Powers for these reasons:the Central Powers for these reasons:– The President’s cabinet believed an Allied The President’s cabinet believed an Allied
victory would balance world power.victory would balance world power.– Companies in the U.S. had strong ties with Companies in the U.S. had strong ties with
businesses in the Allied countries.businesses in the Allied countries.
British BlockadeBritish Blockade Shortly after the war, Britain deployed a Shortly after the war, Britain deployed a
blockade to Germany, to keep them blockade to Germany, to keep them from obtaining supplies.from obtaining supplies.
Germany then decided to cut off food Germany then decided to cut off food supplies coming from the U.S. to France supplies coming from the U.S. to France and England.and England.
They did this by using their new U-They did this by using their new U-boats.boats.
The Germans said they would attempt The Germans said they would attempt to sink without warning any ship they to sink without warning any ship they saw around Britain.saw around Britain.
LusitaniaLusitania
A British passenger shipA British passenger ship Was fired upon by the Germans, killing Was fired upon by the Germans, killing
over 1200 civilians. over 1200 civilians. Then a French passenger ship Then a French passenger ship SussexSussex, ,
was torpedoed and this injured many was torpedoed and this injured many Americans on board.Americans on board.
This led to the Sussex Pledge after This led to the Sussex Pledge after President Wilson threatened to have the President Wilson threatened to have the U.S. join the war.U.S. join the war.
The Zimmerman TelegramThe Zimmerman Telegram
A letter written by Arthur Zimmerman, the A letter written by Arthur Zimmerman, the German ambassador in Mexico.German ambassador in Mexico.
What was in this letter?What was in this letter?
America Declares WarAmerica Declares War
Between Feb 3 and March 21, German U-Between Feb 3 and March 21, German U-boats sank six American merchant ships boats sank six American merchant ships without warning.without warning.
After this President Wilson went before After this President Wilson went before Congress and asked for a declaration of Congress and asked for a declaration of war. war.
Then the U.S. officially declared war on Then the U.S. officially declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917.Germany on April 6, 1917.