The United MonarchyKing DavidKing SolomonRehboam, Jeraboam and the Split

KING DAVIDDATES OF DAVID’S REIGN

War with Ish BoshesDavid Captures the city of Jerusalem from the JebusitesWar with the PhilistinesWars of ConquestAron Brought to Jerusalem War with AmmonBathshebaAmnon and TamarAbshalom’s RebellionSheba ben Bichri’s RebellionThe Evolution of the Monarchy

War with Ish Boshes

After Saul’s Death

David mourns Saul and his sons in Ziklag

David asks Hashem what to do and is told to go to Hebron and was anointed King of Israel◦ Ruled over the territory of

Judah

Abner-ben-Ner Saul's general backs Ish Boshes Saul’s son to be king and he ruled over ◦ Assur

◦ Jezreel

◦ Ephraim

◦ Benjamin

War with Ish Boshes

The Civil War Map of Machanayim- Ish Boshes’ Stronghold

Abner and Ish Boshes war against David and his forces

Abner who control the army argues with Ish Boshes and decides to defect to David

Yoav deviously kills Avner against David’s order

David mourns Avner publicly Ish Boshes is killed by traitors

trying to get close to David David kills them when they

present him with Ish Boshes’ head

The Nation Acclaims David King

Four Room House in HebronChadwick, Jeffrey R. “Discovering Hebron.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Sep/Oct 2005, 24-33, 70-71. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=31&Issue=5&ArticleID=5 (accessed 10/21/2010)

After Ish Boshes’ Death

The civil war lasted for two years

Five years later the tribes of Israel come to Hebron to anoint David King

A treaty is signed to forgive backers of Ish Boshes

The Sanhedrin agrees and crowns David as King

David Captures the city of Jerusalem from the Jebusites

The State of the Country

The Largest Canaanite building in Israel was found in Jerusalem it is called the “stepped stone structure” it is probably Metzudas Tzion Mazar, Eilat. “Did I Find King David’s Palace?.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Jan/Feb 2006, 16-27, 70. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=32&Issue=1&ArticleID=4 (accessed 10/21/2010)

The country still has pockets of Canaanite settlement

David and his forces start a campaign to remove all Canaanite cities and is partially successful

David fortifies the defenses against the Philistines

The City of Jerusalem was not conquered

David Captures the city of Jerusalem from the Jebusites

Jerusalem

Steiner, Margreet. “David’s Jerusalem: Fiction or Reality?: It’s Not There: Archaeology Proves a Negative.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Jul/Aug 1998, 26-30, 32-33, 62-63. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=24&Issue=4&ArticleID=2 (accessed 10/21/2010

Was heavily defended by an enormous fortress

Metzudas Tzion- ציון מצודת

David’s general Yoav infiltrated the fortress through the water supply

After the capture David makes Jerusalem his capital and center of the

War with the Philistines

Large Stone Structure in Jerusalem

Possibly David’s PalaceMazar, Eilat. “Did I Find King David’s Palace?.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Jan/Feb 2006, 16-27, 70. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=32&Issue=1&ArticleID=4 (accessed 10/21/2010)

Prelude to War David built the Milo –מילוא

◦ it is not clear what it is but it plays an important in the politics of Solomon's reign

◦ As well Hezekiah's time

◦ Possibly an open space

◦ Or opening is his palace wall

Hiram King of Tyre built a palace for David

As David is more firmly in control The Philistines probably become

afraid of a United Israel David defeated the Philistines in

Emek Refaim – רפאים עמק He forced them to retreat to

Gezer and the remained defeated during his reign

Wars of Conquest

Wars of Conquest

After defeating Philistines David turns to expansion

David defeated ◦ Moab

◦ Hadadezer king of Zobah

◦ Aram of Damascus

◦ Edom

◦ Amalek (mentioned in the Gemorah)

Aron Brought to Jerusalem

Jerusalem Religious as the Center

Jerusalem in David’s EraMazar, Eilat. “Did I Find King David’s Palace?.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Jan/Feb

2006, 16-27, 70. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=32&Issue=1&ArticleID=4 (accessed 10/21/2010)

The Aron was brought to Jerusalem ◦ First attempt stopped by the death

of Uzzah

◦ Amid proper prayer, and fanfare the Aron is brought to Jerusalem

David wishes to build the Beis Hamikdsah but is not permitted

The Beis Hamikdash could only be built after all of Israel’s enemies were defeated and David had not yet brought about complete peace

BathshebaCitadel of Amman

The City of Rabbah Harrison, Timothy P. “The Amman Citadel: An Archaeological Biography: “Rabbath of the Ammonites”.” Archaeology Odyssey, Mar/Apr 2002, 10-19. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSAO&Volume=5&Issue=2&ArticleID=4 (accessed 10/21/2010

War with Ammon David sends a diplomatic mission

to Hanun the son of Nachash The Ammonite advisors probably

seeing that David’s kingdom was growing large and dangerous rejected the diplomatic mission

The Ammonites then hired Arameans to help attack Israel

David defeats the Arameans and drove them off

The next year he begins a campaign against Ammon and besieges Rabbah but David stays in Jerusalem

After the incident with Bathsheba David’s army took the city

Bathsheba

David in Jerusalem

Hashem Punishes David עבירה גוררת עבירה David stayed back instead of

leading his troops He is tempted by seeing

Bathsheba washing She was divorced but it was

still not right to take her Uriah her former husband

disobeyed David’s orders and so was deserving the death penalty

David orders him to be placed at the front of the line to be killed

The first son he fathered by Bathsheba died

His son Amnon rapes his daughter Tamar

Abshalom kills Amnon and then rebels

Adonijah claims to be King in David’s old age

Abshalom’s Rebellion

Amnon and Tamar Tamar was the daughter of

Maacha and David◦ Maacha was an תואר יפת and אשת

was not Jewish at the time that David fathered Tamar

◦ Since Tamar was not born Jewish she is not Halachicly related to Amnon

Amnon; Tamar’s half brother is infatuated with her and rapes her

After raping her he is disgusted by her and sends her away in disgrace

Abshalom takes in Tamar after she is raped

Abshalom arranges for Amnon to be killed

After the murder Abshalom flees to Geshur

After David recovers from the news of the murder he is prevailed upon by Yoav to bring Abshalom back to Jerusalem

David kept Abshalom under house arrest in Jerusalem and would not see him

Abshalom’s Rebellion

Abshalom’s Conspiracy In the words of "ך תנ

Samuel I 15

(2) And Abshalom would rise up, and stand besides the path to the gate; and it was when any man that would have a suit due to come to the king for judgment the Abshalom called to him and said:”from what city are you?” and he said “of one of the tribes of Israel is your servant”

(3) And Abshalom said “your claim is correct and good but none of the kings judges will hear you.

(4) And Abshalom said “who will appoint me judge in the land and every man who has a dispute of a suit will come to me than I will do justice for him

And it would be, when a man cam near to prostrate himself before him that he put forth his hand and took hold of him and kissed him.

(6) And Abshalom did the same to all the Israelites that came to the king for judgment. And Abshalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.

טו פרק ב שמואל

) הhשjklעhר( mךnרnk ד hד י עhל mעjמhד ו אhבmשjlלוoם pkים mהpשmlכ ו באnל לjבוoא רpיב oוk ל nה יהmי אsשnlר lישpאjה jkל כ mהpי hי ו

י tא okאמnר hי ו אtלjיו אhבmשjlלוoם pkקmרjא hי ו jט kפmlשpkמhל m הhמnkלnךישmuרjאtל שplבmטtי מtאhחhד okאמnר hי ו jה kתhא עpיר nkה ז pמ

:j ך nk עhבmד ) טוoבpים) jךnרjבmד רmאtה אhבmשjlלוoם אtלjיו okאמnר hי ו ג

: m לnך nkמhה מtאtת jךmל ין tא hעtמolשm ו mכoחpים kנ ו ) mעjלhי) ו בjkאjרnץ שolפtט pי נ tמpuשm י י pמ אhבmשjlלוoם okאמnר hי ו ד

jט kפmlשpמk ו רpיב oוk ל nה יהmי אsשnlר lישpא jkל כ jבוoא יpיו: kתmקhk mהpצmד ו

) אnת) mשjlלhח ו oלו hחsוoת kתmlשpהmל lישpא בpkקmרjב jה mהjי ו ה : oלו jשhlק mנ ו oלו pיק mהnחyז ו oדוj י

) ישmuרjאtל) לmכjל nkה הhז jkבjר hkד כ אhבmשjlלוoם uשhעhk hי ו ואhבmשjlלוoם tkב hנ mג hי ו m לnך nkמhה אnל jט kפmlשpkמhלk jבoאו י אsשnlר

: mשtlי נ hא לtב אnת

Abshalom’s Rebellion

The Conspiracy in Brief King Abshalom Abshalom breeds dissent by

courting people who have complaints either about the government of with another Jew and claims that he will be on his side

Abshalom also makes the claim that David favors his family and the tribe of Judah over the other tribes

Abshalom also includes some of David’s close advisors in his conspiracy

He also begins his rebellion in Hebron a Judah stronghold to keep the allegiance of the people of Judah

David is forced to flee from Jerusalem with most of his advisors and his general

He takes with him the Aron Abshalom takes Jerusalem and

marries David’s concubines who were left in Jerusalem

Abshalom and his advisors start to rule the land as king

They need to eliminate David and his forces who are hiding in Machanayim

Hushai a friend of David infiltrated the conspiracy and became a close advisor to Abshalom

Hushai advised waiting to attack David and his forces

Abshalom’s Rebellion

Forest of Ephraim

The Death of Absalom by Gustave Dore

Then before the attack he sends word to David about the plan

The battle took place in the forest of Ephraim and David defeated Abshalom’s forces

20,000 men were killed Abshalom is caught fleeing from

the Battle by his hair in a tree Yoav kills Abshalom against David’s

orders After the battle David finds out the

news that his son is dead and begins to mourn

David is forced by Yoav to go out and celebrate the victory with his men

Sheba ben Bichri’s Rebellion

Abshalom’s Defeat Leads to Dissention Between Israel and Judah

Shmuel II 19 (41) And the king went over to Gilgal and

Chimhan went over with him; and all the people of Judah brought the king over, and also half the people of Israel. (42) And, Behold all the men of Israel came to the kin and they said to the king, “Why did our brothers the men of Judah steal you away; by having brought the king and his household over the Jordan, and all of David’s men with him?” (43) And all the men of Judah answered the men of Israel, “Because the king is near to me; why are you angered over this matter?” (44) And the men of Israel answered the man of Judah and he said “I have ten parts in the king and am therefore closer to David than to you. Why then did you slight me? Now was not my word the very first to return my king?” and the words to the men of Judah were harsher than the words of the men of Israel

יט פרק ב שמואל ) mכpמmהjן) ו jkלjה pkלmג הhג m הhמnkלnך hkעsבoר hי ו מא

ויעברו kדjה mהו י עhם mכjל ו oו kמpע עjבhרעhם חsצpי mגhם ו m הhמnkלnך kאnת הnעyבpירו

( ישmuרjאtל: ישmuרjאtל ) lישpא jkל כ tkה mהpנ ו מב m לnך nkמhה kאnל okאמmרו hי ו m לnך nkמhה אnל בjkאpים

k hkעsבpרו hי ו kדjה mהו י lישpאk אhחtינו j kך jבו mkנ ג hעk kו ד hמmכjל ו ן tk hkרmד הhי אnת oיתוtkב mאnת ו m הhמnkלnך אnת

) ( : lישpא jkל כ hkעhן hי ו מג oוkמpע pד ו jד mשtlי אhנ m לnך nkמhה קjרוoב pkי כ ישmuרjאtל lישpא עhל kדjה mהו יnkה הhז jkבjר הhד עhל jךmל חjרjה nkה ז mלjמjkה ו אtלhי

pשtkuאת נ אpם mךnלnkמhה ן pמk אjכhלmנו הnאjכוoל ) ( : אnת ישmuרjאtל lישpא hkעhן hי ו מד k לjנו pשjkuא נ

m לnך nkמhב לpי jדוoת י עnשnuר okאמnר hי ו kדjה mהו י lישpאpי okתhנ הyקpל hעk kו ד hמk ו j ך mkמpמ pי אsנ pד ו jדmkב mגhם ו

אnת לmהjשplיב לpי רpאשlוoן דmבjרpי jה הjי mלoא ו lישpא mkבhר ד pמ kדjה mהו י lישpא mkבhר ד lשnקpk hי ו pkי לmכ hמ

ישmuרjאtל:

Sheba ben Bichri’s Rebellion

No Portion of David

Sheva ben Bichri of Benjamin blew a shofar and declared a rebellion of Israel against David and Judah

Yoav hunts him down and finds him in the city of Abel of Beth-Maacah

Yoav threatens the people of Abel - Beth-Maacah and they kill Sheva ben Bichri

The Evolution of the Monarchy

Analysis In his short reign Saul did not have

the time to create a working administration but he did serve as break with the loose confederation of tribes that was the government before.

Saul’s government showed the people what a strong centralized government would be like

◦ The majority of people saw the potential for defense and economic growth

◦ The former heads of the tribes felt left out

After the end of the civil war David eliminated the last independent Canaanite cities inside the land of Israel

Then defeats the Philistines and Ammon to secure the boarders and launches wars of conquest in modern Syria

The "ך then mentions David’s תנheroes and officers which can be viewed as the establishment of an administration and bureaucracy

Abshalom’s rebellion

◦ Abshalom played on the antagonism between the heads of the tribes

◦ He also played on the David’s loyalty to the men of Judah and their separateness from the rest of Israel

Sheva ben Bichri’s rebellion

◦ Was a prelude to the break up of the kingdom which would happen under Rehaboam

◦ Israel against Judah

The "ך repeats the list of heroes תנand officers an expansion of the bureaucracy