the thirteen colonies the creation of: –the new england colonies –the middle colonies –the...

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The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: The New England colonies The Middle Colonies The Southern Colonies

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Page 1: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

The Thirteen Colonies

The Creation of:–The New England colonies–The Middle Colonies–The Southern Colonies

Page 2: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

The New England Colonies• Climate

– Long harsh winters and short summers resulted in the shortest growing season of the three regions

• Physical Features– Abundance of raw material

• Lumbar• Fish

– Geography• Mountainous• Rivers• The soil was very rocky and thin (not deep)

Page 3: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

New England 1620

• The Pilgrims– Led by William Bradford

– Left English Persecution

– Governed by the Mayflower Compact

• Constitutional Government realizing they were far from England

– Settle in Plymouth (Cape Cod)• Modern-day Massachusetts

Page 4: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

New England 1630

• The Puritans– Led by John Winthrop– Escaped religious persecution from

England• But still wanted to partake in the

church of England

– Winthrop was the first elected governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

– (Witchfinder Direct)

Page 5: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Rhode Island 1636

• Roger William– Complained about the political system of the

Massachusetts Bay Colony• Had a problem with the fact that there was no separation

between Church and State

• Was threatened with deportation

– In 1636, Roger William moved south and established Providence, Rhode Island

• The first colony to allow Religious Freedom

Page 6: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Connecticut 1636

• Reverend Thomas Hooker– Another dissenter of the

Massachusetts Bay Colony and John Winthrop

– Took 100 followers and established the Hartford Settlement along the Connecticut River Valley

Page 7: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Dissenters of John Winthrop's Governing

• Anne Hutchinson– Challenged Puritan doctrine

– Questioned the role of church leaders• BANISHED!!!

• Reverend John Wheelwright– Also opposed the Puritan governance

– 1637, 100 followers and Wheelwright leave and settle Exeter (New Hampshire)

Page 8: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Growth of New England

Page 9: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

The Middle Colonies

• Climate– Longer Summers than New England resulting in a

longer growing season

• Physical Features– Coastal plains to the Appalachian foothills– Numerous waterways for trade and transportation– Fertile soil for productive agriculture

• Became known as the “breadbasket” of the colonies

• Natural resources include timber, furs, and agriculture

Page 10: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Settling New Netherland

• The Dutch wanted to establish trading relationships in the New World– Henry Hudson explores the present-day

coastline of New York and claims it for the Dutch, naming it New Netherland

– Fort Orange (Albany) is established in 1614

• 1624 – Manhattan Island is purchased from the Mannahata and New Amsterdam (New York City) is established– The Dutch take control of the Hudson

River Valley

Page 11: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Henry Hudson’s Henry Hudson’s VoyagesVoyages

Henry Hudson’s Henry Hudson’s VoyagesVoyages

Page 12: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

New Netherlands New York

• Dutch settle smack-dab in the middle of Britain new economic harvest (the America’s)– King Charles II orders the British

fleet to conquer New Netherlands

– Peter Stuyvesant, the governor of New Amsterdam is very unpopular

• When the British fleet arrives, no citizens join in the fight to defend and Stuyvesant surrenders the colony to the British

Page 13: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

New York and New Jersey

• 1664 – after the capture of New Netherland, the King gives it as a gift to his younger brother, the Duke of York.– Gets renamed, New York

• As another gift, friends of the family, Sir George Carteret and William Berkeley get a closely land grant as well– New Jersey

Page 14: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Pennsylvania and Delaware

• William Penn– Son of an admiral and a Quaker (pacifist)

– Penn was given a land grant for repayment of a debt• The king owed his father 16,000 pounds

• Who need cash when you have a whole-lot of land

– In 1681, Penn creates a Quaker colony on his new land and names it, Pennsylvania (Penn’s Woods)

• Delaware is part of Pennsylvania until 1703 when it is granted it’s own right to assembly

Page 15: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Quakerism

• Founded by George Fox• Believed that on could have a personal

relationship with God without the clergy

• Believed that everyone was equal–Including women

• Women were able to speak up in assembly

–Pacifist that believed in non-violence and no slavery

Page 16: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Middle Colonies 1702 - 1763

Page 17: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

The Southern Colonies• Chesapeake Bay region (Virginia and Maryland)

– Founded and explored with the Jamestown colony (John Smith)– Thick red clay made tobacco growing prominent– Chesapeake geography was not beneficial to town growth like

that of New England• Deep water estuaries (rivers) allowed farmers to export product directly

from their own docks– No deep-water port was needed

• The Carolina’s and Georgia– The plantation system prevails

• Due to a longer growing season (7 months), the cultivation of larger and more diverse crops (cash crops) were available

– Georgia• Debtors colony

– Those that owed a debt back in England were shipped off» Why fill up the English jails when you can get cheap labor?

Page 18: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Chesapeake BayChesapeake BayChesapeake BayChesapeake Bay

Geographic/environmental Geographic/environmental problems??problems??

Page 19: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map

Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map

Page 20: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

John RolfeJohn RolfeJohn RolfeJohn Rolfe

What finally made the colony What finally made the colony prosperous??prosperous??

Page 21: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Tobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco Plant

Virginia’s Virginia’s gold gold and and silversilver.. -- John Rolfe, 1612 -- John Rolfe, 1612

Page 22: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

English Tobacco English Tobacco LabelLabel

English Tobacco English Tobacco LabelLabel

First Africans arrived in Jamestown in First Africans arrived in Jamestown in 16191619..

Their status was not clear Their status was not clear perhaps perhaps slaves, perhaps indentured servants.slaves, perhaps indentured servants.

Slavery not that important until the end Slavery not that important until the end of the 17of the 17cc..

Page 23: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

The Atlantic Slave TradeThe Atlantic Slave TradeThe Atlantic Slave TradeThe Atlantic Slave Trade

Page 24: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

The “Middle Passage”The “Middle Passage”The “Middle Passage”The “Middle Passage”

Page 25: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

The Carolinas

The Carolinas

Page 26: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Port of Charles Port of Charles Town, SCTown, SC

Port of Charles Port of Charles Town, SCTown, SC

Also named for King Charles II of England.

Became the busiest port in the South.

City with aristocratic feel.

Religious toleration attracted diverse inhabitants.

Page 27: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

The primary export.

Rice was still an exotic food in England.

Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves.

These slaves had a genetic trait that made them immune to malaria.

By 1710 black slaves were a majority in Carolina.

Crops of Crops of the the Carolinas: Carolinas: RiceRice

Crops of Crops of the the Carolinas: Carolinas: RiceRice

American Long American Long Grain RiceGrain Rice

Page 28: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

The Emergence of North The Emergence of North CarolinaCarolina

The Emergence of North The Emergence of North CarolinaCarolinaNorthern part of Carolina shared a

border with VA

VA dominated by aristocratic planters who were generally Church of England members.

Dissenters from VA moved south to northern Carolina.

Poor farmers with little need for slaves.

Religious dissenters.

Distinctive traits of North Carolinians

Irreligious & hospitable to pirates.

Strong spirit of resistance to authority.

1712 NC officially separated from SC.

Page 29: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

GeorgiaGeorgia

Page 30: The Thirteen Colonies The Creation of: –The New England colonies –The Middle Colonies –The Southern Colonies

Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony

Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony

Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:

As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.

Received subsidies from British govt. to offset costs of defense.

Export silk and wine.

A haven for debtors thrown in to prison.

Determined to keep slavery out!

Slavery found in GAby 1750.