the status and future of fine bubble generation ... · the status and future of fine bubble...

Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 1

Toshihiro Fujita, Ph.D.

Vice Chairman of Fine Bubble Industries Association (FBIA)Chair of Japan National Mirror Committee of ISO/TC 281

Chief Technology Officer, IDEC Corporation

The status and future of fine bubble generation, measurements and applications

July 25, 2016

7th International Symposium of Fine Bubble Technology, Sydney, Australia


Millimeter bubble (several mmΦ)

MillimeterBubbles

Sub-millimeter Bubble

Submicron Bubble*

Micro-Bubble

10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2

Bubble diameter (m)(1μm)

Milli bubbleMilli bubble


Ultra pure water

Ultrafine bubble Contained ultra

pure water

MillimeterBubbles


Submicron Bubble*

Micro-Bubble

10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2

(1μm)

Ultrafine bubble

Micro bubble (several 10 μm Φ）

Bubble diameter (m)

Micro bubble


MillimeterBubbles


Submicron Bubble*

Micro-Bubble

10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2

(1μm)

Ultrafine bubble (100~200nm Φ）

Ultrafine bubbleDiameter 100~200nmDensity 4 X109 / ml

Bubble diameter (m)

Ultra pure water

Ultrafine bubble Contained ultra

pure water


What is fine bubble or ultrafine bubble ?

Millimeter BubblesSub-millimeter BubbleSubmicron Bubble* Micro Bubble

10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2

(1μm) Bubble diameter (m)

Fine Bubble

Bubble

Ultrafine Bubble

(1mm)

Picture of brownian motions of ultrafine bubbles in water observed by NanoSight.(Diameter: 100~200nm Density: 4 X109 / ml)

Fine bubble is a bubble having diameter smaller than 100 μm, and Ultrafine bubble is a bubble having diameter smaller than 1 μm in liquid.

ISO/TC 281

ISO/TC 281


Fine Bubble Technology introduced in ISO Focus May-June, 2014


Behavior of milli-, micro- and ultrafine-bubble

Rising

Break

Ultrafine Bubble(100nm~200nm)

Stagnant

Microbubble

Shrinking

Disappear

Ultrafine bubbles

Dissolvinggenerating

Water pool

Micro Bubble(~50um) Milli –Bubble(100um~1mm)


10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2


Fine Bubble

Bubble

Ultrafine Bubble

(1mm)

ISO/TC 281

ISO/TC 281


Manufacturing process of ultrafine bubbles

Ultrafine bubbles are popularly produced through microbubbles.

To control the amount and size of ultrafine bubbles generated, it is important to understand the phenomena of physical and physicochemical gas-liquid behavior and to realize the hydrodynamic design.

Ultrafinebubble generator

Bubbling microbubbles in the water at first.

Stopping aeration, waiting for the natural emerging separation of the microbubbles, and producing water only remaining ultrafine bubbles

Cloudy liquid

Clear liquid

Ultrafinebubble generator


Observation from microbubble water to ultrafine bubble water

Ultrapure water

Microbubble water (looks cloudy)

Waiting with no aeration

(during microbubble surfacing separation)

Ultrafine bubble water（looks clear)


Methods for fine bubbles size analysis


Measurement methods Product Name Manufacturers/Dealer

Measured byIDEC in

(a) Particle tracking analysis method LM20 / NS500

NanoSight Jun., 2010

(b)

Laser diffraction scattering method

SALD7100HH Shimadzu May., 2011

(c) HELOS Sympatec Dec., 2012

(d) LS 13 320 Beckman Coulter Feb., 2014

(e)

Dynamic light scattering method

Zetasizer Nano Malvern Instruments Nov., 2011

(f) ELSZ-2plus Otsuka Electronics Sep., 2012

(g) NANOPHOX Sympatec Dec., 2012

(h) SZ-100 Horiba Jul., 2014

(i) Resonant mass measurement method ArchimedesAffinity Biosensors

Malvern Instruments Oct., 2012

(j)

Electrical sensing zone method

qNano IZON Dec., 2013

(k) Multisizer 4 Beckman Coulter Nov., 2009

(l) Elzone II 5390 Micromeritics Jul., 2013

Classification of ultrafine bubbles measurement instruments


(i) Resonance mass measurement method(Archimedes : Malvern)

(e) Dynamic light scattering method(Zetasizer Nano.: Malvern)

(g) Dynamic light scattering method(NANOPHOX: Sympatec)

(f) Dynamic light scattering method(ELSZ-2plus: Otsuka Electronics)

(a) Particle tracking analysis method (NS500 : NanoSight)

(b) Laser diffraction scattering method(SALD7100HH : Shimadzu)

(c) Laser diffraction scattering method(HELOS : Sympatec)

(k) Electrical sensing zone method(Multisizer™ 4 : Beckman Coulter)

(l) Electrical sensing zone method(Elzone II 5390 : Micromeritics )

(d) Laser diffraction scattering method(LS 13 320：Beckman coulter)

(h) Dynamic light scattering method(SZ-100：HORIBA)

(j) Electrical sensing zone method(qNano:IZON)

Measurement results obtained by measuring the presence of ultrafine bubbles in ultrapure water using various measurement equipments based on different principles and methods


0

100

200

300

400

500

Mod

e di

amet

er o

f ultr

afin

e bu

bble

sm

easu

red

by e

ach

equi

pmen

t (n

m)

Dynamic lightscattering

Laser diffractionscattering

Electrical sensingzone

Particle trackinganalysis

Mea

sura

ble

rang

e by

eac

h m

easu

rem

ent e

quip

men

t

(lower detection limit)

Resonant massmeasurement

Various methods show measurement resultsof ultrafine bubble diameter around 100-200nm


2009 - 2010 2011- 2012 2013 - 2014

Progress of Ultrafine bubble number concentration

2015 - 2016


Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology

Video clips of actual examples of fine bubble applications are available to see on http://youtu.be/BjRCMoiPBg8 (Japanese)http://youtu.be/lQkmFiJFnGI (English)


■Application of ultrafine bubble water for cleaning of steel bridges（NEXCO-West Japan）

■ Application of ultrafine bubble water for toilet cleaning (NEXCO-West Japan）

■Video clips of actual examples of fine bubble applications are available to see on http://youtu.be/BjRCMoiPBg8 (Japanese)http://youtu.be/lQkmFiJFnGI (English)

Cleaning water Tap water Ultrafine Bubble water

Cleaning position

Before cleaning

After cleaning

Cleaning rate [%]

Before cleaning

After cleaning

Cleaning rate [%]

Web face 60.9 10.9 82.1 136.9 1.5 98.2

Upper face of bottom flange 57.4 4.8 91.6 190.9 0 100

Weather Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny

Temperature

[℃]22 20 22 20

Salinity adsorbed on bridge wall before and after cleaning

Highly improved!

Highly improved!

Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology:Cleaning


■Application to solar wafer manufacturing equipment:solar cell wafer separation with ultrafine bubbles (IDEC)

■Cleaning of semiconductor substrate by ultrafine bubble water (AIST)

■Cleaning of the inorganic crystal adhering to solid wall by ultrafine bubble water (Keio University)

2:Crystal peeling

0：Adhesion 1：Dissolving of the crystal surface

3：Dissolving of the residue

Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology:Cleaning in Electronics



■Mayonnaise with Fine Bubbles (Kewpie)

51

22 20 10

215

189181 175

0

50

100

150

0

100

200

300

0 1 4 7

平均

気泡

径d[μm]

同一

顕微

鏡視

野中

の気

泡個

数n[-]

経過日数 T[day]

初期気泡径[μm] 比重[-]●■ 99 0.86▲■ 43 0.65

Fine Bubbles in mayonnaise Stability of Fine Bubbles ■Video clips of actual examples of fine bubble applications are available to see on http://youtu.be/BjRCMoiPBg8 (Japanese)http://youtu.be/lQkmFiJFnGI (English)

Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology:Food application


■Production of water with flavor of prickly ash by ultrafine Bubbles(Kyoto University, IDEC)

Bubble

Flavor molecule

BubbleBubblebubble

bubble

香り導入のメカニズムウルトラファインバブルの長期安定性

bubble

0 20 40 60 80 1000.0

2.0x107

4.0x107

6.0x107

8.0x107

1.0x108

1.2x108

1.4x108

Tota

l nu

mb

er o

f U

ltra

fine

bu

bb

les

in w

ate

r ( /m

L)

Time (Day)

＜Zeta potential of Ultrafine bubble water＞

Zeta potential ＝－37.99mV


Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology:Food application


■ Fishery cultivation (Kochi Prefecture, Japan)

■ Live fish transportation with highly-concentrated ultrafine bubble water


Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology: Agriculture and Fisheries application


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 10 20 30 40 50

Cultivation time after seeding (day)

Wei

ght o

f the

leav

es o

f let

tuce

(g)

agriGALF water

Tap water

■ Acceleration of growth of agricultural crops (IDEC)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

地上

部生

体重

（ｇ）

地上部生体重

Control

FB

■ R&D of mechanisms of fine bubble technology for plant growth (The university of Tokyo, Kyoto University etc.)

lettuce

■Application to cleaning and acceleration of growth of ginger


Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology: Agriculture and Fisheries application

tomato


Evaluation of Growth Promotion Effect

Measurement of FB in nourishing solution

Evaluation of Environmental Impact

Separation / Filtering

MeasurementSampling

Analysis of Growth Promotion Mechanism

Fine Bubble Technology for plant growth facilities


As of July 1, 2016

Member of Fine Bubble Industries Association


Global Development

FBIA Global and Regional Activities Map

Standardization／IPR&D

Regional Revitalization Development

Medical-EngineeringPartnerships Project

(AMED)

FB Regional Revitalization Council

FBIA overseasISO/TC 281

Standardization

Thailand NEDOproject

The Union of FB Scientists and Engineers

Measurement／Certification（Registration ）

METI International Standardization Program

NEDO overseas business cooperation support project

METI Certification Infrastructure Program

METI National R&D Project SIP (Next Generation agriculture,forestry and fisheries )


FBIA Global NetworkingBusiness / Standardization / Technical Information / Collaboration

FBIA

FBIA EU

FBIA ASEAN

FBIA Oceania

FBIA UK

FBIA USA

FBIA France

FBIA GermanyFBIA KoreaFBIA Korea

FBIA SingaporeFBIA Singapore

Support


What is fine bubble or ultrafine bubble ?


10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2


Fine Bubble

Bubble

Ultrafine Bubble

(1mm)

Picture of brownian motions of ultrafine bubbles in water observed by NanoSight.(Diameter: 100-200nm Density: 4 X109 / ml)

Fine bubble is a bubble having diameter smaller than 100 μm, and Ultrafine bubble is a bubble having diameter smaller than 1 μm in liquid.

ISO/TC 281

ISO/TC 281


Member countries of ISO/TC281(Fine Bubble Technology)

P member （5 countries）Japan (Secretariat)

UKRussiaChinaKorea

O member （10 countries）FranceGermanyNetherlandsUSAPolandFinlandIndiaIsraelCzech RepublicArgentina

Total: 15 countries at established in June, 2013

Total: 19 countries as of June, 2016

P member （8 countries）Japan (Secretariat) USAUK SingaporeRussia AustraliaChinaKoreaO member （11 countries）FranceGermanyNetherlandsPolandFinlandIndiaIsraelCzech RepublicArgentinaViet NamNew Zealand


Development of ISO standards on Fine Bubble Technologies through three-layer configuration

Definitions of fine bubbles system•General principles of definitions, measurements and applications•Bubble diameter, Bubble concentration•In-liquid retention time,•Type of liquid used for measurement

[Pure water, distilled water, etc.]•Categorization.etc

C

B

Standards for measurement methods

Individual application standard

International standardization

Cleaning effect, Separation effect, Lubrication effect, Electrostatic Charge Separation effect, Control effect of Physical Properties, etc.

Measurement methods of fine bubbles system• Particle characterization

(Size, Concentration (Number/Volume), Density)• Zeta-potential measurement (Zeta-potential)• Liquid Analysis

(Dissolved gas, Conductivity, Viscosity, Boundary surface, pH、BOD、SS）

• Gas Analysis (Type, Purity, Pressure)• Image Analysisetc.

Food, drinking water, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceutical, plant cultivation, agriculture, cleaning, toilet flushing, soil washing, decontamination, water treatment, chemical, manufacturing solar cells, semiconductors, liquid crystal, and manufacturing new functional materials, etc.

Basic standards

A

Evaluation, Certification

Certification

Certification

Certification

Evaluationtest

Evaluationtest

Evaluationtest

Standards for basic common elements related to fine bubble technologies

Measurement method standards for enabling measurement offine bubbles system properties in various methods so as to ensure availability in a

wide range of industrial fields

Standards for defining fine bubble element technologies that achieve effectsin specific industrial fields or applied technologies


Proposed classification utilized for international standardization of ultrafine bubble technologies (tentative thinking)

10‐7

109

108

107

a3 b3 c3

a2 b2 c2

a1 b1 c1

10‐7 10‐6 10‐5 10‐3

109

108

107

10‐4

Tota

l con

cent

ratio

n (m

L-1 )

Particle size（m）

Examples of the measurement range of ultrafine bubble measurement technology (tentative draft)

Example of classification of ultrafine bubbleidentified by the bubble diameter and theconcentration (tentative draft)

Tota

l con

cent

ratio

n （m

L-1 ）

10‐7

109

108

107

10‐7 10‐6 10‐5 10‐3

109

108

107

10‐4



10‐7

109

108

107

a3 b3 c3

a2 b2 c2

a1 b1 c1

10‐7 10‐6 10‐5 10‐3

109

108

107

10‐4

Tota

l co

nce

ntr

atio

n (m

L-1

)


10‐7

109

108

107

a3 b3 c3

a2 b2 c2

a1 b1 c1

10‐7 10‐6 10‐5 10‐3

109

108

107

10‐4

Tota

l co

nce

ntr

atio

n (m

L-1

)


10‐7

109

108

107

a3 b3 c3

a2 b2 c2

a1 b1 c1

10‐7 10‐6 10‐5 10‐3

109

108

107

10‐4

Tota

l co

nce

ntr

atio

n (m

L-1

)


Wafer cleaning

Road cleaning

Toilet flushing

Cleaning effect Promotion effect for the growth of plants

Effects for food applications

Hydroponic culture

Soil cultivation

May

onnai

se

Fla

vor-

rela

ted

pro

ducts

ABasic

standards

BStandards for measurement

methods

CIndividual application

standards

10‐7

109

108

107

a3 b3 c3

a2 b2 c2

a1 b1 c1

10‐7 10‐6 10‐5 10‐3

109

108

107

10‐4

Tota

l co

nce

ntr

atio

n (m

L-1

)


Examples for categorization of tier A, B and C standards and mapping of the effects, benefits and applications of the technology


Why not use the terminology “nano-bubble”?

1) ISO/TC 229 (nanotechnologies) defines “Nano” as 100 nm or less while ultrafine bubble does not meet that definition.

2) Because the word “nano” may have a negative image in various countries associated with nanoscale materials, many experts in European countries advised that not to use the word “nano-bubble,” considering that fine and ultrafine bubble technology has a high potential to be utilized in safety- and health-conscious industries such as food, beverage, medical, pharmaceutical, plant cultivation, agriculture, cleaning, sterilization, and so on.

3) Unfortunately, in the past 10 years, some of “nano bubble hydrogen water” or “nano bubble oxygen water” is not proved to be so by a reliable measurement equipment. This established the image that “nano bubble is questionable.” In order to promote a truly global and reliable industry, we need to establish scientifically with the new one as “fine and ultrafine bubble technology” by creating the ISO international standard.


The 1st meeting on December 11-12, 2013 in Kyoto, JapanCountries attended the first Kyoto meeting:

Japan, UK, Russia, China, Korea, Germany, France, and Thailand

The 2nd meeting on September 20, 2014 in Manchester, U.K.* The 4th International symposium of Fine Bubble Technology on September 16 at the same place

P member countries

P member countries

P member candidate countries in Asia and Oceania: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia

P member candidate countries in Europe: Germany, France

ISO/TC 281(Fine Bubble Technology)

The 3rd meeting on October 19-21, 2015 in Jeju, Korea

Manchester

Countries attended the Korea meeting:Japan, UK, Russia, China, Korea, Singapore and Australia

P member countries


ISO/TC 281(Fine Bubble Technology)

The 4th ISO/TC 281meeting on July 26-27, 2016 in Sydney, Australia

P member: Japan, UK, Russia, China, Korea, Singapore, US and Australia

P member countries

The 7th International Symposium of Fine Bubble Technology

Date: 10:00 – 17:30, Monday, 25th July, 2016

Venue: Aerial Function Centre, University Technology of Sydney

Host: Standards Australia (SA),

Fine Bubble Industries Association (FBIA)

Co-Host: Australian Colloid and Interface Society

Sponsor: Australian Government, Australia-Japan Foundation

Presentation from:Australia, Japan, UK, USA, Russia, Korea, China

the status and future of fine bubble generation ... · the status and future of fine bubble...

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