the six kingdoms
DESCRIPTION
The Six Kingdoms. It’s Alive!!!. In order to be part of a kingdom, an organism must be considered alive . To be alive, an organism has to: Be made of one or more units called cells . Based on a genetic code. Obtain and use energy in a process called metabolism . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
It’s Alive!!!In order to be part of a kingdom, an
organism must be considered alive.To be alive, an organism has to:
Be made of one or more units called cells.Based on a genetic code.Obtain and use energy in a process called metabolism.
Respond to their environment.Maintain homeostasis.Grow and develop ReproduceEvolve
Classifying OrganismsBiologists classify organisms so that they can
be identified and studied in a logical way.Carolus Linnaeus created a hierarchical
system of naming and classifying organisms (taxonomy) that includes seven levels:kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus,
species. (Domain has since been added).
Scientists used to rely mainly on physical traits and anatomy to classify organisms.
However, with advances in DNA technology, we now classify organisms based on their genetic/evolutionary history or phylogeny.
Because of this, taxonomic classification is not permanent, but can be changed because of new information discovered using DNA sequencing.
Kingdom EubacteriaExamples:
E. Coli (http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/49477C30-0513-47BE-88FC-17974CB1F952/0/e_coli.jpg) Yersinia pestis (Bubonic plague) http://uhavax.hartford.edu/bugl/Yersinia-pestis.jpg
To be a Eubacteria...Most of these organisms are
classified as EubacteriaUnicellularProkaryoticCan be heterotrophic or
autotrophicHave cell walls made of
peptidoglycanThese bacteria live in the
same environment as humans.Some are anaerobic – they
don’t need oxygen to live.
Kingdom ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria – ancient bacteriaUnicellularProkaryoticCan be heterotrophic or autotrophicHave cell walls not made of peptidoglycanProbably among the first life forms on
earth.Live in EXTREME conditions (high
pressure/temperature, deep sea vents, salty places).
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/84150f.jpg
Kingdom ProtistaExamples:
Amoeba http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/robert.fuller/370%20Files/Week9Soil%20Organisms/amoeba1.jpg
Paramecium http://upsidedownhippo.com/archives/Paramecium.jpg
Plasmodiumhttp://images.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://workforce.cup.edu/buckelew/images/Plasmodium%2520cathemerium%252012%2520midnite.jpg&imgrefurl=http://workforce.cup.edu/buckelew/Plasmodium%2520cathemerium.htm&h=512&w=640&sz=48&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=pBy5L3xpODFaaM:&tbnh=110&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPlasmodium%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den
To be a Protist…Mostly unicellular, some multicellular
coloniesEukaryotic Can be heterotrophic, autotrophic, or bothSome have cell walls made of celluloseReproduce sexually and asexuallyLive in moist environments – no protection
from drying out.Some move by cilia (tiny hairs), flagella (tail),
pseudopods (fake feet)
Kingdom FungiExamples:
Yeast http://www.utoronto.ca/greenblattlab/images/a/yeast%201.jpg
Mushroom http://fogcity.blogs.com/jen/mushroom-
thumb.jpgTruffle http://www.truffle-tree.co.uk/images/truffle_on_grass.jpg
To be a Fungus…Mostly multicellular, some unicellularEukaryoticExternal heterotrophs – dissolves food
outside the bodyHave cell walls made of chitinReproduces sexually and asexuallyBody made of a mesh of filaments called
hyphae.
Kingdom PlantaeExamples:
http://andromeda.cavehill.uwi.edu/Aquatic%20plant%20photos/pond%20plant%20use.JPG
http://www.landscapingyourself.com/images/1plant1.jpg
To be a Plant…MulticellularEukaryoticAutotrophic
Reproduce sexually (flowers) and asexually (vegetative propagation)
Cell walls made of celluloseSpecialized reproductive structures (fruit) to
aid in dispersal of seeds.
http://www.jtrue.com/cartoons/art/low/plant_layoff.jpg
Kingdom AnimaliaExample:
Daphnia http://www.chasewater.org.uk/images/microscopic/Daphnia%20with
%20eggs.jpg
http://www.fresnochaffeezoo.com/images/polar-bear.gif
http://library.thinkquest.org/11922/fish/flying_fish.jpg
To be an Animal…MulticellularEukaryoticInternal heterotrophs – dissolves food
inside the bodyMost reproduce sexuallyNo cell wallMany specialized structures for movement
or food gathering5 – 10 million species (99% without a
backbone)
Naming OrganismsPeople generally use a common name to refer to
organisms on a day-to-day basis.Common names can vary, depending on geographic
location:A cougar a.k.a. mountain lion, a.k.a. puma
Carolus Linnaeus created a hierarchical system of naming and classifying organisms that uses seven levels (taxon).TaxonTaxon Cougar’s Cougar’s
ClassificationClassification
KingdoKingdomm
AnimaliaAnimalia
PhylumPhylum ChordataChordata
ClassClass MammaliaMammalia
OrderOrder CarnivoraCarnivora
FamilyFamily FelidaeFelidae
GenusGenus FelisFelis
SpeciesSpecies concolorconcolor
http://www.hickerphoto.com/data/media/40/mountain_lion_pictures_sc61.jpg