The Score Story

Paul H. RileyScore Project Director

1.4 Billion without Electricity

Indian Sub continent Sub Saharan Africa … the World

3 Billion people cook on open fire

The Score-Stove™ Goal

For £20 - £60* it will Generate electricity. Be affordable. Be Smoke free. Reduces emissions.

Can burn Wood or Dung other biomass propane and kerosene.

help 3 billion rural people save 10 Mt Carbon per year

Score intervention in Nepal. 10 and 20We simulated.* 2007 prices

Score-Stove™ timeline

£2M Score project 2007 to 2012 Social and Technical, University of Nottingham lead,

linear alternator and management City University London, low cost stove enclosures University of Leicester, Thermo-acoustics, rigs, PIV Queen Mary University of London, System design, demo1 Practical Action, Social science research, field trials Completed with International conference April 2012

SoFo £230k 2012 to 2013 Score centres in Bangladesh and Nepal

Alstom €99k CSR Field trials in Nepal

Two way knowledge transfer

Requirements captureVisit backed up by wider surveys

Nepal 2007

The Welcome

India 2012

Requirements

Market Survey (from Score Project 2007)

Nepal survey (results confirmed in Kenya)

Yangalot village in Hagam Husband see chart on next page Wife

» better cooking position» low smoke» better education for children

Business case Household:

» 70p per month saved on kerosene for lighting,

» Score pays back in < 3 years Village

» shop sells and maintains score to offset kerosene sales.

Country» carbon credits» cascade manufacturing.

Now 2- 4x

Market Survey (from Score Project)

Typical Nepalese house

Target cost* Between £20 and £60

» In large quantities enables

1.2 B to 60 M people BUT…………………………..

* 2007 prices

Affordability

Cheapest solution is not the most affordable The right packaged solution makes it more attractive.

Stop using kerosene for lighting. Torches etc. mean kerosene use > zero Typical kerosene cost = £15 to £30 pa

Use of LED lights, low maintenance, cost decreasing due to learner curve.

Need easy-to-use way to monitor electricity So that carbon credits can be claimed.

Low cost entry point uses low capacity battery. Many devices (mobile phones) can be charged during cooking

Total Package now aimed at £100, with micro finance

Generating stove goals

Reduce Wood consumption Smoke inhalation

Improve Health

» Reduced smoke» improved understanding of modern medicine» Preservation of prescription drugs (cooling)

Education, by means of electricity» light at night» access to knowledge through mobile phone and computer» Radio and TV

Wealth» Better education» Access to improved farming methods and commodity prices» Business opportunities (sales and maintenance, selling electricity)

How to make it happen

Strategy

Score Core Team

Score Centres

Score Community

Score Partner organisations

Intellectual property given free to developing countries, in return for Score owning improvements.

Licenses available for developed world

Malaysia, NepalBangladesh, Jaipur, Kenya, Uganda

21 Collaboration agreements

Local community engagement

Researchdisseminationcommercialisation

Is Score useful?

Simulated Score Stove 35 houses in Nepal and Kenya 10 – 20 W electrical No smoke, less wood

Satisfaction 100% used electricity for lighting

helping education, social 80% used for radio 33% mobile phone charging

» 16% sold electricity

Interest from Developed world KTP with Warrior Stoves (UK)

awarded CHP

Benefit can be gained from as little as 15We, longer term 100We targeted.

Technology options

There is no doubt that a reliable smoke-free cooking stove that generates electricity, reduces fuel consumption and is affordable, will sell in the 100’s millions and give great benefit.

What technologies can meet these requirements? Erikson cycle Stirling engine Steam engine Solar plus clean cooking stove Thermo-Acoustic Thermo-Electric (Thermopile)

Score Status April 2012

Thermo-Acoustic technology chosen Research phase and dissemination completed Additional awards made (totalling £0.5M)

KTS, KTP, centre establishment, Follow on funds. Significant free support (people’s time)

Score Community running since 2008. City University achieved record of 23We for wood burning

TAE. 37W on rig Scientific (instrumented) rigs built

Leicester and Queen Mary University of London 10 demonstrators built, 6 on order Cost reduction plan

One off demonstrators £2500 in UK, £750 with low labour cost, In 100k pa volume £150 RR audit, £60 with manufacturing improvements More research needed to hit £20 target

Social requirements

Key social findings

Smoke repels insects, if it is removed, they return There is a belief that termites will eat their house

Local knowledge is essential when designing Some people like to make illicit alcohol, if the still does not

fit, the stove will be rejected. If there is no-one to fix a broken stove,

it stays broken Respect the village hierarchy Asking the question the right way from the right

person is essential to getting the right answer. Do you want to cook in squatting position or stood up?

An electrical generating stove gives incentive to change to the whole family.

Business requirements

Business Case model

Available on memory stick is an Excel™ model The model shows a business case at 3 levels

The Household Village Store, or shop Country or large region

Pico Hydro Is cheapest solution, where available Falls behind at regional level as coverage is limited

PV solar Needs to operate in monsoon season (reduced light) Needs smoke free stove as well

Assumptions Can be varied to benchmark different scenarios and technologies Are designed to show consistency across different options Feedback from your technology area is welcome

Product comparison

Sco

re-S

tove

™2

Th

erm

o-p

iles

So

lar

op

tio

n1

Cle

an c

oo

k st

ove

s

Pic

o H

ydro

Sco

re n

ext

gen

erat

ion

(2)

Generating capacity 50 50 50 0 50 500 WeReduction in deforestation 548 548 0 548 0 548 kg/yearCosts

Hob 10 10 0 10 0 10 £AHX 8 8 0 0 0 8 £

elec. generating technology 25 156 150 N/A 78 250 £Balance of plant 15 15 15 0 0 30 £

Core technology total 58 189 165 10 78 298 £4off 3W LED 12 12 12 0 12 12 £

2 off rechargeable LED torch 4 4 4 0 0 4 £7AH Lead Acid deep cycle battery 12 12 12 0 0 12 £

Product wholesale cost 86 217 193 10 90 326 £Installation and training 2 2 2 1 2 2 £

Transport 2 2 2 1 2 2 £Profit 8.6 22 19 1 9 33 £

Total Selling price 99 243 216 13 103 363 £

Householder view

Householder Finances

Sco

re-S

tove

™2

Th

erm

o-p

iles

So

lar

op

tio

n1

Cle

an c

oo

k st

ove

s

Pic

o H

ydro

Sco

re n

ext

gen

erat

ion

(2)

Initial capital investment (bought on HP) 98.6 243.0 216.3 13.0 103.1 362.6 £

Capital payback 9.9 24.3 21.6 4.3 5.2 36.3 £ per yearInterest payment 7.4 18.2 16.2 1.0 7.7 27.2 £ per yearMaintenance cost 9.9 24.3 21.6 1.3 5.2 18.1 £ per yearBattery replacement (3years) 1.9 1.9 1.9 N/A N/A 0.9 £ amortised per yearTotal yearly cost 29.0 68.7 61.4 6.6 18.0 82.5 £ per year

Affordability (not buying kerosene) 24.0 24.0 24.0 0.0 24.0 24.0 £ per yearAffordability (increase in earnings as less wood to collect) 5.2 5.2 0.0 5.2 0.0 5.2 £ per yearCarbon credit 6.0 6.0 6.0 0.0 6.7 60.2 £ per yearSubsidy required 0.0 33.5 31.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 £ per year

Use per day 3.0 3.0 3.0 0.0 12.0 3.0 HoursEnergy generated 54.8 54.8 54.8 0.0 60.8 547.5 KWhr/yearOil saving 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.8 1.9 £ peryear

Cost per KWhr 0.53 1.26 1.12 0.30 0.15 £ per KWhr

Regional View

Notes:Assumes 2012 prices and exchange rates

(1) Pico Hydro can only cover 3 % of region(2) next generation Score is more efficient, same amount of wood used

Model developed by: © 2011 Paul H. Riley

The University of Nottingham

Sco

re-S

tove

™2

Th

erm

o-p

iles

So

lar

op

tio

n1

Cle

an c

oo

k st

ove

s

Pic

o H

ydro

(1

)

Sco

re n

ext

gen

erat

ion

(2)

In a region of 10 10 10 10 10 10 Million HouseholdsFor a capital investment of 986 2430 2163 130 31 3626 £Mand a return on investment of 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%The following can be achievedReduction in oil imports 94 94 94 0 11 943 £M per yearGenerating capacity 500 500 500 0 15 5000 MWeGenerating energy 548 548 548 0 18 5475 GWhr/yearReduction in CO2 648 648 648 0 19 648 K tonnes CO2 per yearReduction in deforestation 5 5 0 5 0 5 M tonnes per yearJobs generated 120 320 280 40 2 360 Thousand peopleCost per KWhr 0.53 1.26 1.12 0.30 0.15 £ per KWhr

Ongoing Subsidy required 0 334 313 14 0 0 £M per year

Score Centres of Excellence

Malaysia started 2010, Bangladesh, started in July 2011, Nepal July 2012, Kenya testing Score-Stove™1

Targeted at organisations that have both research and teaching capabilities Have capacity and will to propagate Score knowledge

Will be provided with information to Design and analyse TAE* Manufacture Score-Stoves How to Maintain Score Stoves Create business models for Score-Stove™ exploitation

» Explore the franchise type

Support available for creating teaching modules Quality level of approval and regular checks Long term to be Self sustaining and sufficient

* Thermo-Acoustic Engines

Score Community

Began 2008 now has 14 members SA, Kenya, Nepal, Uganda, Ghana, China, India.

Loosely bound individuals and organisations Have signed Collaboration Agreement or non-disclosure Score IP* given freely to developing countries Generated IP owned by Nottingham University

» Then freely available to all developing countries

Access to community web site to share knowledge Licenses available for use in developed countries

Includes self-help community of practice Encourages profitable enterprises

As long as profit stays in developing country Encourages Research

* Intellectual Property

Next Steps

Increase output to 50We, then 100We 4 companies interested in manufacture at 50We

Supporting Score Centres Sponsorship

Field trials Manufacturers

Funding next stages

Acknowledgements

The Score project is funded by EPSRC, the UK Engineering and Physical Research Council.

Thanks to The original Score Team The Score centres Practical Action’s world-wide offices

Aster Technology the Netherlands, Mr Kees deBlok

Back pocket slides

Score Objectives

Contribute to increasing wealth and education and improving health in developing countries by investigating appropriate and affordable novel technology to meet the energy needs of isolated rural communities in developing countries. This technology is designated, SCORE, the Stove for Cooking, Refrigeration and Electricity supply.

Develop a Project Network, comprising academics from both the research team and local universities acting as knowledge hubs in the target countries, charities and non-government organisations, government representative and the local communities themselves. Exchange and focus the scientific, technological and social knowledge required by SCORE. Promote SCORE worldwide and provide a database of end-user requirements and product applications

Plan and create the mechanisms for implementation of SCORE by identifying barriers to implementation and proposing solutions, forming collaborations within the developing countries, developing training strategy and suitable training materials, encouraging the acquisition of matching funding, promoting the building of local manufacturing capacity, and highlighting the wider business opportunities of SCORE in developing countries.

Capture and evaluate the underpinning scientific knowledge of thermoacoustic technologies and devise a new engineering concept combining the thermoacoustic engine, electrical generation and refrigeration. Integrate these in a technology demonstrator.

Study heat transfer processes in combustion and thermoacoustic systems and devise a high-efficiency, integrated combustor/heat exchanger/stove unit, capable of fulfilling its cooking function and providing the energy to the thermoacoustic element. Evaluate its performance by experimentation and integrate it into a technology demonstrator.

Devise through interdisciplinary research an inexpensive method to convert acoustic energy into electricity that could be easily mass produced and evaluate its performance.

Study the manufacturability, cost and the potential of using indigenous materials and local skills and based on the technology demonstrator, to design feasible SCORE prototypes, which could be field tested at selected locations. Build and demonstrate the prototypes in selected rural communities.

Benchmark the design against other technologies and recommend future development paths, research and applications.