the roman republic and empire chapter 1 section 2
TRANSCRIPT
The Roman Republic and Empire
Chapter 1
Section 2
Focus Questions
1. How did the government of Rome develop into an empire?
2. What modern democratic principles originate from ancient Rome?
Romans
Romans established a government called a republic (a government in which supreme power belongs to the citizens through their right to vote)
Romans thought a republic (indirect democracy) would keep any individual from gaining too much power
The 300 members of the republic’s senate were all patricians—the landholding upper class (nobles)
Senators, who served for life, made the Roman laws
Roman Warrior
Roman Government Structure
Each year, the senators elected two consuls from among the patricians
The consuls supervised the business of government and commanded Rome’s armies
In the event of war, the senate might choose a dictator to temporarily take complete control over the government
The law granted each Roman the power to rule for six months
A dictator is a person who rules with total authority and often in a cruel and brutal manner
Roman Senate
Roman Armies
Roman Consul
Roman Government Structure
The common people, or plebians, influenced government to have the laws written down in the Twelve Tables
They also gained the right to elect their own officials, called tribunes
The tribunes could veto (preventing a bill passed by a legislature from becoming a law) laws passed by the senate that were harmful to the plebians
The Twelve Tables
Roman Government
Expansion of Roman Political System
As Rome’s political system evolved, its armies expanded Roman power into the eastern Mediterranean region
On the north coast of Africa, the Romans also destroyed the city-state of Carthage and established themselves as masters of the Western Mediterranean
Expansion, however, created problems At issue was who should hold power—the senate or popular
political leaders looking to enact reforms Soon Rome was plunged into a civil war over this power
struggle
Map of Roman Empire
Julius Caesar
Military commander who emerged from the civil chaos and seized control
Although Caesar kept the senate and other features of the republic, he forced the senate to make him dictator
Jealous and fearful of his power, Caesar’s enemies stabbed him to death
Caesar’s opponents believed he wanted to make himself king
Caesar’s grand-nephew Octavian became the new ruler
The senate gave Octavian the title Augustus Caesar, and he became the first emperor
Death of Julius Caesar
Pax Romana
During the time known as the Pax Romana (Roman Peace), the Roman empire brought peace, order, unity, and prosperity to the lands it ruled
Trade flowed freely to and from distant lands in Africa and Asia
Merchants carried ivory, gold, spices, silk, and other commodities
People spread/shared ideas as they traveled Ideas about democracy spread to places the
Romans traveled
Legal Principles From Roman Times
Accused presumed innocent until proven guilty
Accused had right to face the accuser Accused could offer a defense to the charges Guilt had to be established “clearer than
daylight” through evidence Judges interpreted the laws and were
expected to make fair decisions
Legacy of Rome
Greatest legacy of Rome was the establishment of justice through the law
(A legacy is something that is left behind to future generations) In the 400s, the emperor Justinian, in what was now the
eastern Byzantine empire, reformed the Roman law code The Roman Law Code became known as Justinian’s Code Later, this code influenced the Christian church and medieval
monarchs The Christian church preserved much of the Roman culture in
its teachings
Powerpoint Questions (17 points)
1. Define republic 2. Who were the patricians? 3. What were the responsibilities of the two
consuls elected by the senate? 4. Why would the senate elect a dictator? 5. Common people were known as ___.
Powerpoint Questions (17 points)
6. Laws were written on tablets called the _________.
7. Define veto. 8. What city-state did the Romans destroy that
established Rome as the master of the Western Mediterranean?
9. Identify the military commander who emerged and seized power amidst the chaos and civil wars
10. Who became the first emperor of the Roman empire?
Powerpoint Questions (17 points)
11. What does Pax Romana mean? 12. What happened during the Pax Romana? 13. What modern legal principles originate from Roman times?
(four points) 14. What did the Roman emperor Justinian accomplish during
his reign?