The Rise of the Teenager: Erikson and

Marcia

History of Adolescence

G. Stanley Hall

Combined evolution

with recapitulation

theory

Physiological factors

12-25 years old

Sturm und Drang

A Time of Stability and Technology

The 1940s The market,

entertainment, and technology

Rise in youth delinquency

Subcultures

Eric Erikson

Identity crisis (Eric Erikson) Stage 5 (10-20yrs) Identity verses

identity confusion transitional stage the importance of

peers an integrated image of

oneself as a unique individual

Identity statuses (James Marcia) Crisis

“refers to times during adolescence when the individual seems to be actively involved in choosing among alternative occupations and beliefs” (Marcia, 1967, p.67)

Commitment “refers to the degree of personal investment the

individual expresses in an occupation or belief” (Marcia, 1967, p.67)

Identity statuses (James Marcia)

No Crisis Crisis Present

No Commitment

Commitment Present

Diffusion

Foreclosure

Moratorium

Achievement

Reflection

What characteristics do the theorists of adolescence share?

Do the theories of adolescence resonate with your own experiences?

Is identity as simple as these theories assert or is it more complex?

Thinking about identity in New Zealand what are some aspects these theories miss out on?