The Quotation Sandwich:

Make your writing delicious.

Include an in-text

citation and a period.

Introduce the

Quotation

Insert the quotation using the correct

punctuation.

It prepares your reader to receive information.

In informational or persuasive writing-- It adds credibility to your writing.

Introductions also show that you have done your homework. If a person or source has no authority on the subject you are writing about, you probably should not be quoting it in your paper.

Why is the lead-in important?

Introduce the person or source being quoted. Introductions are also called signal phrases.

Example:Kevin Pope, Professor of Herpetology at Oxford

University, in his article “How to properly handle a snake” states…

Strong introductions give the credits of the person or source you are quoting. In other words, strong introductions tell us why the person or source you are using has authority on the subject.

First (bottom) Slice of Bread

Correctly insert the quotation into the text by using the proper punctuation.

Mmm…quotes…

Delicious Sandwich Fillings

According to Kanye West, “Beyonce had one of the greatest videos of all time.”

Sandwich Fillings

When writing academic essays you will be expected to include an in-text citation.

In-text citations show your readers the page number that your information came from. They also often show the source of the quotation.

The Top Slice of Bread

In- text citations are included after the quotation mark but before the period.

According to Professor Katy Smith in her article “English in the Modern World,” “English is the hardest language to learn” (22).

Notice that the citation is included outside the quotation marks, inside the parenthesis, and before the period.

In-Text Citations

If you do not include source of the quote in the introduction, you should include the last name of the source in the in-text citation.

“English is the hardest language to learn” (Smith 22).

This is appropriate if you repeatedly use the same source. This is not appropriate if you never introduced your source in the first place.

In-text citations…cont.

Examples from The Kite Runner The author, Khaled Hosseini, depicts Amir’s cruelty

toward Hassan through a dehumanizing metaphor. Hosseini has Amir reflect that mocking Hassan was “Kind of like when we used to play insect torture. Except now, he was the ant and I was holding the magnifying glass” (54).

As Amir’s guilt threatens to devour his thoughts, he seeks mental and physical escape. For example, he recounts, “School gave me an excuse to stay in my room for long hours. And, for a while, it took my mind off what had happened that winter, what I had let happen” (Hosseini 91).

When you are inserting a quotation that is four or more lines long, you must put the quotation in block format.

Quotations put in this format are known as block quotations.

When inserting a block quotation, introduce a quote as you normally would. At the end of the introduction omit the comma and quotation marks and use a colon instead. Hit space bar and insert your quotation as a free standing “block.” Include the in-text citation at the end after the period. All lines in the quotation must be indented one inch from the page.

The Exception….

Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration:

They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. (Bronte 78)

According to definitive Melville biographer Heshel Parker, “There are many parallels between the father of Wellenborough Redburn and Melville’s own father” (72).

One more properly “Sandwiched” Quotation