the political situation of subcontinent
DESCRIPTION
The political situation of subcontinentTRANSCRIPT
IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN
Assignment: The political situation of
subcontinent
Submitted by;
Abdul Qadoos khan (2010-1142)
TABLE OF CONTENT
a) Hindi Urdu controversyb) Arya Smaj c) Dar-Uloom-i-Deobandd) Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-
islam Lahoree) Formation of AINC f) All India Muslim League g) The partition of Bengal h) The congress- League
pact or Lucknow pact of 1916
i) Montage-chelmsford reforms 1919
a) Khilafat movement b) Non cooperation Movement c) Hijerat movement d) Chauri Chaura Tragedy e) Simon commission f) Nehru Report g) Quaid fourteen pointsh) Round table conferences i) Government of India Act,
1935j) 1937 elections and
Congress ministries
HINDI URDU CONTROVERSY
Urdo was intoduced as an official language of the subcontenent in 1825 which arrouse Hindu antagonism against Urdu
In 1867 Hindi Urdu controversy campaigning was started in Banaras.
This was the first apple of discord which was sown among the two communities of subcontinent
HINDI URDU CONTROVERSY
Hindu demonstrated against urdu and demanded it replacement with Hindi
Urdu was slowly scraped by Hindi with the help of British rulers
ARYA SMAJ
In 1877 Arya smaaj was established Its main motto was to convert those
Muslim who were Hindu but change their religion to Islam
DAR-ULOOM-I-DEOBAND
Start Functioning from 14 april 1866 in a small mosque of sarhang.
Jamiat ul ulma I hind was the political production of Deoband
Jamiat was the supporter of the political philosophy of Congress till the Foundation of Pakistan
DAR-ULOOM-I-DEOBAND
Jamiat ul ulma I Islam was the an other product of Deoband
Supporter of the Pakistan movement
ANJUMAN-I-HIMAYAT-I-ISLAM LAHORE
Established on 24th september 1884 in Lahore
Islamia colleges in all over pakistan are the invention of Anjuman
Muthi bhar Ata scheem was started in the streets of lahore for financial support
FORMATION OF AINC
The Indian National Congress was established in 1888
Allan Octavian Hume was the founder of NIC and a former secrtory of the Govt of India
AINC was the voice of nation i.e hindus and muslims in theory but was not in practical
ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE
Established in 30 December 1906 in the Daca
The delegation was engineered by the principle of Ali Garh college Mr. Archbold
OBJECTIVES OF AIML
Foster a sense of loyelty to British Government
Lookofter the political interest of Muslims of India
To bring about better understanding between Muslims and other communities
OBJECTIVE OF FOUNDATION OF AIML & INC
Both foundation of political parties of subcontenent were the ideas and support of British rulers
It main purpose was to established and attempts to sow the seeds of conflicts among the two nations
PURPOSE OF FOUNDATION OF AIML & INC
The two main pupose of producing political parties of in subcontenent was that at one side
British want political development in India
And the second one was that Indulging the electoral in dividing to
prolong their ruling in india
THE PARTITION OF BENGAL
The partition schem was announced on 1st september of 1905
Bengal was one of the biggest province of British India from population point of view
The new province called eastern Bengal and Assam
The partition was cancelled in 1911 on behalf INC
The congress was not in the favor of partition
According to their thinking it was the dividing the Indian nation
THE CONGRESS- LEAGUE PACT OR LUCKNOW PACT OF 1916
In december 1916 INC and AIML for the first time in the history of india, held their joint session in Lucknow presided by Muhmmad Ali Jinnah
At that time Jinnah was the ambassador of unity of both communities
IMPORTANT RECOMNDATION OF LUCKNOW PACT
Formulate the ways of election both in provincial as well as in central legislative
Reservation of seats in those provencies in which muslims are in minorities
And also election will b held on separate basis
Protection of minorities in majority provinces
MONTAGE-CHELMSFORD REFORMS 1919
Bicameral ligeslative was established in the centre, combination of upper house ( Council of State) the Lower house (Central legislative)
The Uper house member was elected for 5 years and the lower house for 3 years
Separate election was retained for the Muslims
KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
When the first world war broke out on July 28, in 1914 the Ottoman Empire fight against the allies .
Allies were consist of France Russia and Britain
Sultan Abdul Majid was the ruler at that time of Khilafat
The first world war ended with the allies emerging as conqurer
KHILAFAT COMMITTEE
Hakim Ajmal Khan and Dr. M.A Ansari formed a khilafat conference in 1918 and make commmitte for the maintannce of peace in Muslim countries
Ali Brothers were the main figure of that committee
NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT
IN December 1920 congress and khilafat combindly start non cooperation movement
Gandhi was the person behind the idea of non cooperation movement
While Quaid E Azam was not in the favor of Non cooperation movement
Quaid E Azam resign from Congress in 13 April 1923
HIJERAT MOVEMENT
Mulana Abu al kalam and Maulana Abdul Bari issued Fatwa that India was a Dar-ul-Harb ( home of War)
Nearly eigteen thousand muslims left their houses and migrated to Afghanistan
CHAURI CHAURA TRAGEDY
The people of chauri chura start procession in 1922, and refused to pay govt taxes
The protester fired at a police station and burnt 21 police persons alive
After this incident Gandhi call off non cooperation movement
IMPACTS OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
Gandhi’s unilateral decision of calling off non cooperative movement did irreparable damage to khilafat movement
The failure of khilafat movment brought an end to the muslim hindu unity which was the result of great efforts of Quaid in lacknow pact
SIMON COMMISSION
In 1927 the British governament appointed a commission under Sir John Simon to report on the constitutional progress of India for introducing more reforms
Congress and a section of league headed by Quaid was not in the favor to corporate with the commission
NEHRU REPORT
After the failure of Simon commission, Moti Lal Nehru presented a scheme for the constitutional reforms which was published in August 1928 called as Nehru report
RECOMMENDATIONS OF NEHRU
Self governing Separate elctorat replaced to joint
electorat sindh shuld be separated from mumbi Foreign affairs, defense and army
should be place under the controlled of parliament and viceroy
Hindi should be made as an Official Language
QUAID FOURTEEN POINTS
In reply to Nehru repots Quaid decided to give his own formula for the constitutional reforms in the meeting of Muslim league in 1929
IMPORTENT FEATURES OF FOURTEEN POINTS
Constitution should b federal and the residuary powers vested in the provinces
In the central legeslative muslimes representation should not be less than one third
There should be one third representation of muslims in both assemblies i.e in provincial as well as in central cabinet
ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES
The simon commission report was published in March, 1930
The report invited criticism from all parties of the india and congress in its annual meeting decided to launch a disobedience movement under Gandhi leadership in april, 1930
The govt however did not in the favor to confront the political parties so decided to hold a round table conference in which all parties are invited to present their point of view
FIRST ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
The first session of round table conference began in London on 12th November,1930
All parties form all over India were represented except Congress
Approval of the federal system for India Ended on 19th January, 1931 The British prime minister issued a statement
that the govt had accepted the proposal for full responsible govt in the provinces and in federal system in the center
SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE From 7th September 1931 to 1st
December 1931 in London Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Gandhi
were the main personalities in this conference
Minority issues are discussed in the 2nd round conference
Ended with out any conclusion due to Gandhi rigid attitude towards minorities
THIRD ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
began on 17th November and ended on 24th November 1932
Gandhi started civil disobedience movement once again and congress was not presented in the conference
Its ended without any solution of the two communities
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935
Round table conferences ended without any solution to the problems of india but it illustrated the major problems of the Indian people and the government sought out the solution of the problems on the name Government of India act 1935
SILENT RECOMMENDATIONS OF ACT
Fedral system was introduced in Act More authorities to the provinces India divided in 11 parts or provinces Responsible parliamentary system was
introduced Special power was given to the
governor of the province for the protection of the rights of minorities
1937 ELECTIONS AND CONGRESS MINISTRIES
Under 1935 act provincial election were held. There were 1771 provincial seats of the provincial assemblies which were to be filled by the election
Congress ahieved a big victory and managed to get clear majority in five provinces
Congress took office in 8 provinces
CONGRESS ATROCITIES ON THE MUSLIMS
1. bande matram2. Wardha scheme 3. Hoisting of the three coloured flag 4. Widdia mander scheme 5. Hindu Muslim riots 6. Muslim mass contact