IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

Assignment: The political situation of

subcontinent

Submitted by;

Abdul Qadoos khan (2010-1142)

lawanijanan@gmail.com

TABLE OF CONTENT

a) Hindi Urdu controversyb) Arya Smaj c) Dar-Uloom-i-Deobandd) Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-

islam Lahoree) Formation of AINC f) All India Muslim League g) The partition of Bengal h) The congress- League

pact or Lucknow pact of 1916

i) Montage-chelmsford reforms 1919

a) Khilafat movement b) Non cooperation Movement c) Hijerat movement d) Chauri Chaura Tragedy e) Simon commission f) Nehru Report g) Quaid fourteen pointsh) Round table conferences i) Government of India Act,

1935j) 1937 elections and

Congress ministries

HINDI URDU CONTROVERSY

Urdo was intoduced as an official language of the subcontenent in 1825 which arrouse Hindu antagonism against Urdu

In 1867 Hindi Urdu controversy campaigning was started in Banaras.

This was the first apple of discord which was sown among the two communities of subcontinent

HINDI URDU CONTROVERSY

Hindu demonstrated against urdu and demanded it replacement with Hindi

Urdu was slowly scraped by Hindi with the help of British rulers

ARYA SMAJ

In 1877 Arya smaaj was established Its main motto was to convert those

Muslim who were Hindu but change their religion to Islam

DAR-ULOOM-I-DEOBAND

Start Functioning from 14 april 1866 in a small mosque of sarhang.

Jamiat ul ulma I hind was the political production of Deoband

Jamiat was the supporter of the political philosophy of Congress till the Foundation of Pakistan

DAR-ULOOM-I-DEOBAND

Jamiat ul ulma I Islam was the an other product of Deoband

Supporter of the Pakistan movement

ANJUMAN-I-HIMAYAT-I-ISLAM LAHORE

Established on 24th september 1884 in Lahore

Islamia colleges in all over pakistan are the invention of Anjuman

Muthi bhar Ata scheem was started in the streets of lahore for financial support

FORMATION OF AINC

The Indian National Congress was established in 1888

Allan Octavian Hume was the founder of NIC and a former secrtory of the Govt of India

AINC was the voice of nation i.e hindus and muslims in theory but was not in practical

ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE

Established in 30 December 1906 in the Daca

The delegation was engineered by the principle of Ali Garh college Mr. Archbold

OBJECTIVES OF AIML

Foster a sense of loyelty to British Government

Lookofter the political interest of Muslims of India

To bring about better understanding between Muslims and other communities

OBJECTIVE OF FOUNDATION OF AIML & INC

Both foundation of political parties of subcontenent were the ideas and support of British rulers

It main purpose was to established and attempts to sow the seeds of conflicts among the two nations

PURPOSE OF FOUNDATION OF AIML & INC

The two main pupose of producing political parties of in subcontenent was that at one side

British want political development in India

And the second one was that Indulging the electoral in dividing to

prolong their ruling in india

THE PARTITION OF BENGAL

The partition schem was announced on 1st september of 1905

Bengal was one of the biggest province of British India from population point of view

The new province called eastern Bengal and Assam

The partition was cancelled in 1911 on behalf INC

The congress was not in the favor of partition

According to their thinking it was the dividing the Indian nation

THE CONGRESS- LEAGUE PACT OR LUCKNOW PACT OF 1916

In december 1916 INC and AIML for the first time in the history of india, held their joint session in Lucknow presided by Muhmmad Ali Jinnah

At that time Jinnah was the ambassador of unity of both communities

IMPORTANT RECOMNDATION OF LUCKNOW PACT

Formulate the ways of election both in provincial as well as in central legislative

Reservation of seats in those provencies in which muslims are in minorities

And also election will b held on separate basis

Protection of minorities in majority provinces

MONTAGE-CHELMSFORD REFORMS 1919

Bicameral ligeslative was established in the centre, combination of upper house ( Council of State) the Lower house (Central legislative)

The Uper house member was elected for 5 years and the lower house for 3 years

Separate election was retained for the Muslims

KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

When the first world war broke out on July 28, in 1914 the Ottoman Empire fight against the allies .

Allies were consist of France Russia and Britain

Sultan Abdul Majid was the ruler at that time of Khilafat

The first world war ended with the allies emerging as conqurer

KHILAFAT COMMITTEE

Hakim Ajmal Khan and Dr. M.A Ansari formed a khilafat conference in 1918 and make commmitte for the maintannce of peace in Muslim countries

Ali Brothers were the main figure of that committee

NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT

IN December 1920 congress and khilafat combindly start non cooperation movement

Gandhi was the person behind the idea of non cooperation movement

While Quaid E Azam was not in the favor of Non cooperation movement

Quaid E Azam resign from Congress in 13 April 1923

HIJERAT MOVEMENT

Mulana Abu al kalam and Maulana Abdul Bari issued Fatwa that India was a Dar-ul-Harb ( home of War)

Nearly eigteen thousand muslims left their houses and migrated to Afghanistan

CHAURI CHAURA TRAGEDY

The people of chauri chura start procession in 1922, and refused to pay govt taxes

The protester fired at a police station and burnt 21 police persons alive

After this incident Gandhi call off non cooperation movement

IMPACTS OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

Gandhi’s unilateral decision of calling off non cooperative movement did irreparable damage to khilafat movement

The failure of khilafat movment brought an end to the muslim hindu unity which was the result of great efforts of Quaid in lacknow pact

SIMON COMMISSION

In 1927 the British governament appointed a commission under Sir John Simon to report on the constitutional progress of India for introducing more reforms

Congress and a section of league headed by Quaid was not in the favor to corporate with the commission

NEHRU REPORT

After the failure of Simon commission, Moti Lal Nehru presented a scheme for the constitutional reforms which was published in August 1928 called as Nehru report

RECOMMENDATIONS OF NEHRU

Self governing Separate elctorat replaced to joint

electorat sindh shuld be separated from mumbi Foreign affairs, defense and army

should be place under the controlled of parliament and viceroy

Hindi should be made as an Official Language

QUAID FOURTEEN POINTS

In reply to Nehru repots Quaid decided to give his own formula for the constitutional reforms in the meeting of Muslim league in 1929

IMPORTENT FEATURES OF FOURTEEN POINTS

Constitution should b federal and the residuary powers vested in the provinces

In the central legeslative muslimes representation should not be less than one third

There should be one third representation of muslims in both assemblies i.e in provincial as well as in central cabinet

ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES

The simon commission report was published in March, 1930

The report invited criticism from all parties of the india and congress in its annual meeting decided to launch a disobedience movement under Gandhi leadership in april, 1930

The govt however did not in the favor to confront the political parties so decided to hold a round table conference in which all parties are invited to present their point of view

FIRST ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE

The first session of round table conference began in London on 12th November,1930

All parties form all over India were represented except Congress

Approval of the federal system for India Ended on 19th January, 1931 The British prime minister issued a statement

that the govt had accepted the proposal for full responsible govt in the provinces and in federal system in the center

SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE From 7th September 1931 to 1st

December 1931 in London Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Gandhi

were the main personalities in this conference

Minority issues are discussed in the 2nd round conference

Ended with out any conclusion due to Gandhi rigid attitude towards minorities

THIRD ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE

began on 17th November and ended on 24th November 1932

Gandhi started civil disobedience movement once again and congress was not presented in the conference

Its ended without any solution of the two communities

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935

Round table conferences ended without any solution to the problems of india but it illustrated the major problems of the Indian people and the government sought out the solution of the problems on the name Government of India act 1935

SILENT RECOMMENDATIONS OF ACT

Fedral system was introduced in Act More authorities to the provinces India divided in 11 parts or provinces Responsible parliamentary system was

introduced Special power was given to the

governor of the province for the protection of the rights of minorities

1937 ELECTIONS AND CONGRESS MINISTRIES

Under 1935 act provincial election were held. There were 1771 provincial seats of the provincial assemblies which were to be filled by the election

Congress ahieved a big victory and managed to get clear majority in five provinces

Congress took office in 8 provinces

CONGRESS ATROCITIES ON THE MUSLIMS

1. bande matram2. Wardha scheme 3. Hoisting of the three coloured flag 4. Widdia mander scheme 5. Hindu Muslim riots 6. Muslim mass contact