THE PLANNING PROCESS1. THE PRE-PLANNING PHASE2. THE PLANNING PROPER 3. GOAL DETERMINATION & OBJECTIVE SETTING4. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY5. SECTORAL PLANNINGPRE-PLANNING PHASEPreparation of a SEPPA socio economic and physical profle (SEPP) is a docment that pro!ides data on the natral and hman resorces of the LG"#It incldes historical $ac%&rond' physical featres' p$lic ser!ices and e(istin& land ses#)ata are presented and analy*ed $y sector to permit easy access to information in the formlation of a local de!elopment plan#Steps in Preparin& the SEPP+# ,r&ani*e the team#-# E(amine the e(istin& docment of the LG" and identify missin& data sets#.# Prepare data &eneration instrments/# )ata &eneration0# )ata processin& and presentation1# )ata analysis and interpretation2# Prepare maps3# 4inali*e and pac%a&e the docment#+# ,r&ani*e the team#Initial step in the preparation of SEPP5eam 6ill $e responsi$le for 7ollectin& Processin& Analy*in& Interpretin& sets of data7omposition and responsi$ilities of each team mem$er shall $e clearly defned in an E(ecti!e ,rder issed $y L7E#8hen possi$le' the composition of the team shold $e mlti-disciplinary 6hich pro!ides !ariety of e(pertise#-# E(amine the e(istin& docment of the LG" and identify missin& data sets#5he team in!ol!e in the preparation of the SEPP shold re!ie6 the e(istin& docment a!aila$le at the LG"9 5o determine the data &aps' !alidity and relia$ility of data#5he team identify the data sets re:ired incldin& the strate&ies on ho6 to &enerate them#.# Prepare data &eneration instrments#5o facilitatecollection of data from the respondents#Instrments can $e in the form of &ide :estions or chec%lists7hec%lists to co!er three aspects9 ;iophysical en!ironment Economic settin& Socio-cltral characteristicsGide :estions shold $e9 4ramed in a 6ay to encora&e respondents to tal% freely < e(pressin& their !ie6s' aspirations' and plans for the ftre#/# )ata &eneration#In!ol!es collection of secondary and primary data thro&h !isits to &o!ernment o=ces and a&encies concerned#In!ol!es direct !isits or o$ser!ation of the areaIn!ol!es inter!ie6in& informants sin& prepared instrments#/#a# Secondary )ata7an $e o$tained from e(istin& a&ency fles and reports#>alidate them accordin& to rele!ance and seflness>erify dates of the reports and statistical information#Sorces of secondary data9 ;rea of A&ricltral E(tension' ;rea of 4orest )e!elopment )epart of Health' Philippine National Police )S8)' )P8H' NS,' NA?RIA' PAG-ASA ;rea of 8ater and Soil ?ana&ement Pro!incial Plan' ;rea of A&ricltral Statistics )ENR' )AR' )EPE)' )5I L7R,' Assessor@s ,=ce' 5reasrer@s ,=ce/#a S&&ested format in plannin& and &atherin& data#Agen!" Se#$%D& #$ 'e g(e%e)Ye&%Pe%*$n* Re*+$n*,'-e),H ??R' I?R -A+.--A+/ )r# E# Garicia/#$# Primary )ata7an $e o$tained thro&h direct o$ser!ation inter!ie6s se of :estionnaires discssions 6ith %ey informants#/#$# 5ips in 7ondctin& Inter!ie6s+# Properly introdce yorself $efore startin& the inter!ie6#-# Inter!ie6er shold $e familiar 6ith the dialect#.# Pt the person at ease $efore startin& the inter!ie6#4irst' as% simpler and easier :estions follo6ed $y more di=clt ones#/# )on@t as% leadin& :estions# ,pen-ended :estions shold $e sed to &enerate more information on attitdes and preferences#0# )o not promise anythin1# )o not as% se!eral :estions simltaneosly#2# "se indirect :estions for sensiti!e aspects particlarly on income' property o6nership' disa$ility' a&e' marital stats' edcational attainment' etc#3# ;lend 6ith people@s acti!ities#B# ;e conscios a$ot the time yo spend in condctin& the inter!ie6#+A#)o not preach#0# )ata processin& and presentation7an $e done $y compter or processed manally#;efore analysis9 )ata shold $e arran&ed in orderly manner to sho6 and emphasi*e the state or de&ree of its si&nifcance#)ata are presented either in the follo6in& methods9 5e(tal ?ethodSmmari*es data in para&raphs#Simplest and most appropriate 6hen only fe6 data are to $e presented# 5a$lar ?ethodSystematic 6ay of arran&in& data in colmns and ro6s#4acilitates comparison of !arios f&res nder the diCerent cate&ories#0#a 5a$le consists of+# 5a$le Nm$er-# 5itle.# 7aptions/# 7olmnar headin&0# St$ or desi&nation to contain9 the cate&ories (:alitati!e) class inter!alsDnm$ers (:antitati!e) data1# ;ody of the ta$le9 7onsists of nmerical information(a$solte nm$erDfre:ency' percenta&es' rates' ratio 5otals' s$-totals' a!era&es shold $e pro!ided in the ta$le 6hene!er desira$le 8hen no cases can $e fond' indicate dots or shoot dashes2# Sorce Note9 Secondary data re:ire the sorce in terms of athor' title of docment' !olme' pa&e' p$lisher and date (any of those items)' and footnotes if possi$le#0# )ata processin& and presentation)ata are presented either in the follo6in& methods9 Graphical ?ethod < :ic% presentation of limited amont of informationE most appropriate in presentin& &eneral sitationE constrct clearly and simply information for easy nderstandin Line )ia&ram or 7r!e < dra6n 6ithin the hori*ontal line called F-a(is and !ertical line called G-a(isE lines !ary from solid to dotted or dashed' and sometimes in color# ;ar 7hart < sho6 chronolo&ical comparison or comparison of cate&oriesE !ertical arran&ement of indi!idal $ars are sed 6hen a chronolo&ical comparison is $ein& made and hori*ontal arran&ement for a comparison of cate&ories#0# )ata processin& and presentation)ata are presented either in the follo6in& methods9 Pie )ia&ram < sho6 relationships of !arios parts of a 6hole $y comparison of the an&les at the center of the circle or comparison of odd-shaped areas of !arios sections of the circle# Picto&ram < sho6 pictorial part to form a $ar chart to create satisfactory !isal comparison# ,nly comparison shold $e portrayed in a picto&raph# Statistical ?ap -sho6s :antitati!e information on &eo&raphic phases classifed as9Hatched ?ap < plots ratios' densities or !ariations in ma&nitdes (distinction $et6een patterns mst $e in terms of li&ht and dar% shades 6hether or not the desi&n is chan&ed#))ot ?ap < sho6s &eo&raphical distri$tion of occrrences' denoted $y dots of !aryin& si*es or nm$er of nits#1# )ata Analysis and Interpretation5hese are conclsions a$ot the data presented incldin& o$ser!ations 6hich can &ide the planners in the analysis of e(istin& sitation and identifcation of pro$lems and de!elopment needs#Steps in )ata Analysis and Interpretation#+# Refer to the &raphical or ta$lar presentation for the 6rite-p#-# 8rite a short' introdctory statement a$ot the data to $e presented#.# State the ta$le or chart sorce and the a&ency sorce (if necessary)' $y presentin& frst the &eneral facts a$ot the data# 5hen present the re!ealin& facts 6ith hi&hest and lo6est f&re' as 6ell as the common trend of the data#/# 7ite relationship or comparison of data#0# Appropriately state and discss ncontrolled factors or reasons inHencin& data otcomes (if hi&hest' lo6est' common) in order to e(plain facts o$tained# 5he meanin& of the data sho6n can also $e e(plained#1# Inclde information &athered from direct o$ser!ation' semi-strctred informal inter!ie6s' case stdies and the li%e to pro!ide frther e(planation or stren&then !alidation of information#2# )iscss 6ith emphasis the limitations or 6ea%nesses of the data a!oidin& o!er &enerali*ation or s6eepin& statements#3# In the a$sence of :antitati!e data' or&ani*e the information in a descripti!e and narrati!e manner to form a coherent 6rite-p a$ot certain !aria$les#B# In 6ritin& conclsion' the scope and le!el of &enerality shold $e Istifed $y the data presented# 5he conclsion shold also $e coordinated 6ith the &oals' o$Iecti!es and tar&ets posed $y the sitation considered#2# Prepare ?apsSho6 the locational and spatial relationships of the elements of the areas# "se niform scale for all maps# Some of the maps to $e prepared are9 Location ?ap < indicates the location of the mnicipality 6ith respect to the pro!ince and $aran&ay 6ith respect to the city or mnicipality# ;ase ?ap < sho6s the $ondaries of $aran&ays and the mnicipality' 6ater6ays and maIor roads# 5opo&raphic ?ap < indicates montain ran&es' slopes' 6ater $odies and plains# General Land "se ?ap < sho6s a&ricltral' indstrial' commercial' forest' pastre' idle lands and other ses $y the se of color scheme to distin&ish each se# "r$an Land "se ?ap < sho6s spatial allocation of $ilt-p areas cate&ori*ed as follo6s9Residential' commercial' instittional (&o!@t# $ld&s)' par%s and open spaces' indstrial (li&ht and hea!y)' and others#3# 4inali*e and Pac%a&e the )ocment#Re!ie6 each part of the docmentE7hec%' re!ise' re6rite the contents of the docment' 6hen necessaryE;ind the docment and present them $y its component parts#Pro!ide 5a$le of 7ontents' ;i$lio&raphy' andDor 4ootnotes' and others 6hich are necessary#PLANNING PR,PER+# Land "se Plannin&5he land se plan represents the desire of the commnity to achie!e a spatial distri$tion of poplationE acti!ities that 6ill permit &reater interaction amon& the inha$itantsE pre!ent the deterioration of the en!ironment#Steps in Preparin& Land "se Plan+# 5he land se committee 6ill condct the land se sr!ey 6hich 6ill lead to the preparation of the e(istin& land se map# For inaccessible areas, interviews will be resorted to. Assessors ofce can also provide additional information about land use through the data found in every parcel of land in the fles.-# 5he e(istin& ses are plotted on the $ase map 6ith each se represented $y a particlar color# 7olor Representation of Land "sesL&n) Ceg$%,e*S.gge*#e) C$-$%Residential (lo6 and hi&h :ality) Gello67ommercial (retail and 6holesale) RedInstittional (&o!ernment $ildin&s' cltral facilities' medical facilities' chrches and sports comple(es);leIndstrial (li&ht and hea!y) >ioletPar%s and ,pen Spaces Li&ht GreenA&ricltral and other rral ses )ar% Green>acant land (idle land)Any appropriate colorSteps in Preparin& Land "se Plan.# Present the e(istin& land se in a ta$lar form sho6in& crrent distri$tion of land (in hectares) amon& the diCerent ses and the percenta&e of the total area each cate&ory occpies# Present in te(tal form the de&ree of se of each of the identifed ses#Steps in Preparin& Land "se Plan/# Stdy 6hat standard shold $e applied for each se# Example !esidential density in terms of persons or houses per hectare" height of building or #oor space ratio to ground space" mixed uses" and services to be provided.0# )etermine land needed for residential e(pansion' commercial acti!ities' indstries' par%s and other ses $ased on proIection of poplation' social and economic acti!ities' and adopted standards#1# )etermine land a!aila$le to accommodate ne6 de!elopments sch as sites for hosin& nits' indstries and commercial centers#5he a!aila$ility of land can $e determined thro&h a JSie!e ?apK analysis#Sie!e ?ap techni:e is done $y o!erlayin& thematic maps o!er a $ase map of the mnicipality to detect portions still open for de!elopment#Eroded areas or those s$Iect to fre:ent Hoods or those destined for conser!ation are not considered a!aila$le#Steps in Preparin& Land "se Plan2# )efne the &oals and o$Iecti!es that shold $e attained $y the land se plan#Goals9 Impro!ement of the :ality of the en!ironmentE ade:ate ser!ices for residential nei&h$orhoodsE freedom in the choice of residential locationE increased mo$ility#,$Iecti!es9 Increase accessi$ility of essential ser!icesE a!oid nisances in residential areasE and minimi*e con!ersion of hi&hly prodcti!e a&ricltral land to r$an se#Steps in Preparin& Land "se Plan3# Prepare the proposed land se for a si(-year period' $ased on proIection of poplation and r$an acti!ities#B# Present the proposed land se in a ta$lar form sho6in& the distri$tion of land in accordance 6ith land se cate&ories#+A#4ormlate policies that can promote the achie!ement of o$Iecti!es#E(ample9 Ac:isition of land for &o!ernment seE lo6 ta( for a&ricltral land to discora&e its con!ersion to r$an seE preser!ation of sites of historical si&nifcance and of hi&h landscape !aleE maintain compati$ility of sesE and pro!ision of $Cer *ones#Steps in Preparin& Land "se Plan++#Stdy 6hat proIects can $e implemented 6ithin the period of eCecti!ity of the plan#Rede!elopment of a slm areaE ac:isition of land for par% prposesE ta(-mappin& to pdate the assessor@s records on each land parcel#+-#)raft a *onin& ordinance to $e endorsed to the San&&nian& ;ayan for appro!al#-# Preparation of Socio-Economic Plana) Sitation Analysis$) >isionD?issionD5hrstc) Goal )etermination L ,$Iecti!e Settin&d) )e!elopment Strate&ye) Sectoral Plannin&a# Sitation Analysis5his acti!ity is done to ensre that the plans are $ased on accrate pictre of the e(istin& conditions in the commnity#Pre-analysis 6ill co!er the demo&raphic aspects economic acti!ities physical characteristics maIor pro$lems settlement patterns' and mo$ility of the poplation#Steps in Pre-Analysis+# E(amine the potentials of the area 6hich cold contri$te to the soltion of de!elopment pro$lems#-# Identify spporti!e forces 6hich can $e mo$ili*ed#.# Pro!ide pertinent information sin& $aseline data from the pdated socio-economic and physical profle#/# )etermine land se implications on socio-economic trend $ased on the land maps prepared earlier# (5he land se plan is not fnal at this sta&e#)0# )etermine the role of the LG" to the pro!ince and the importance of this role to the nei&h$orin& mnicipalities#E(#9 ?nicipality F is the food center of the 6estern part of pro!ince G or it is the edcational center for a nm$er of mnicipalities#1# Analy*e instittional capa$ility of the LG"# 5he follo6in& shold $e ta%en into accont in re!ie6in& performance of the LG"9)eli!ery of ser!ices to the commnityRe!ene &eneration and collection recordECecti!ity in proIect implementation and monitorin&$# >isionD?issionD)e!elopment 5hrst>ision < a concise statement a$ot a description of a desired ftre state 6hich an instittion or an LG" is committed to achie!e 6ithin a plan period# ;asic considerations are its mandate and resorces a!aila$le#?ission < a concise statement a$ot a description of the instittion or LG"s distincti!e and continin& acti!ity in prsit of its !ision#)e!elopment 5hrst < maIor areas of concern that the LG" mst address to mo!e to6ards the !ision aspired for $y the citi*ens# it is also a &ide to the planners in choosin& strate&ies &eared to6ards pro$lem sol!inS$Iect areas to ser!e as the focs of acti!ities and decisions9Po!erty Alle!iation $he minimum basic needs %&'() identifed in the *hilippine *rogram for *overty Alleviation could serve as a guide in the determination of the development thrust in this area.En!ironmental ?ana&ement A plan for environmental management will identify the areas for the protection, conservation or enhancement of the natural environment, principally the forests,la+es, rivers, and in urban areas.S$Iect areas to ser!e as the focs of acti!ities and decisions9Infrastrctre ,dentifes the need for transport, communication, power, water supply and other physical inputs to long-term development.Hman Settlement ,nvolves the analysis of the existing land uses of built-up areas %residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, open spaces, etc.) and based on trends of population growth, economic expansion and changes in lifestyles.c# Goal )etermination and ,$Iecti!e settin&5his phase $asically ans6ers the :estions9.iven our present problems/needs and our resource potentials and constraints, what do we want to achieve0 1here do we want to go0 Goals are stated in &eneral terms and mst $e formlated into more concrete and achie!a$le o$Iecti!es# Goals shold attempt to nify and inte&rate the di!erse !ie6s on 6here to &o and 6hat resorces to mo$ili*e# Goals e(press !ales' there shold $e a method of determinin& the diCerent areas that are of p$lic interest#Steps in!ol!ed in GoalD,$Iecti!e )etermination+# Re!ie6 identifed pro$lems and needs'ased on the situation analysis, review the analysis of data gathered to validate and reinforce identifed felt needs and aspirations of the people.-# Hold discssion meetin&s2onsult other community leaders, interest groups, and residents through formal or information gatherings to be able to get a composite view of their individual visions for the community..# State the &oals and o$Iecti!esGoals are $road statements defnin& the o!erall prpose of a de!elopment plan' o$Iecti!es are concrete and specifc statements of desired and possi$le sectoral achie!ements#5est Gide in Goal )etermination)oes it ha!e a $road co!era&eMIs there a lon& term focsMIs it nderstanda$le to the commnityM5est Gide in Selectin& ,$Iecti!esIs there at least one maIor sectoral fnctionMAre they sita$ly framed to $e sed as sectoral translation of &oalsMAre they otpt $asedMAre they measra$leMAre they practical' realistic and rele!antMAre they nderstanda$le to the commnityMSet 5ar&etsNantifcation of o$Iecti!es 6hich specify in nmerical terms the intended sectoral otpts#5o ser!e as $asis for determinin& and measrin& 6hether stated &oals and o$Iecti!es ha!e $een achie!ed#5ar&ets are location and client specifc#5hin&s to remem$er in tar&et settin)irectly related to sectoral o$Iecti!es and priorities#Sho6 the present le!el of performance and desired le!el of performance 6ithin the period#;ased on relia$le' accrate data#5est Gide in Settin& 5ar&etsIs there a $road co!era&e of sectoral concernsMIs there one for each o$Iecti!eMAre they measra$leMAre they practical and realisticMAre they client specifcMAre tar&et dates setMActi!ities for tar&et settin&Set and re!ie6 preliminary tar&ets ;y sector Assess resorce implications on preliminary tar&ets )etermine amont of resorces &enerated to spport present conditions 7ompare these 6ith resorce re:irements of the preliminary tar&ets#AdIst tar&ets as needed ,n the $asis of &apsDsrpls in resorces 6ith respect to the set preliminary tar&ets AdIst tar&et p6ards or do6n6ards#d# )e!elopment Strate&y5he &eneration of a strate&y to achie!e the set &oals and o$Iecti!es is a necessary step in the formlation of a de!elopment plan#Strate&y 6ill &ide the implementation of proIectsStrate&y 6ill reslt in the economy of time and fnancial resorces#It can assre the commnity of the proper implementation of the planIt can assre that the implementors 6ill not lose si&ht of the &oals and o$Iecti!es to6ards 6hich actions or decisions are directed# d# )e!elopment Strate&yIt 6ill s&&est 6hat resorces to tili*eE8hen to start the implementation of a proIect8hich or&ani*ation or o=ce is in char&e#In selectin& $est alternati!e strate&y' sitation analysis may $e sefl#Ideas $earin& importance on the determination of a de!elopment strate&y' inclde9 Employment location' r$an rede!elopment' Iorney to 6or% pattern' e(istin& infrastrctres' direction of &ro6th' constraints and opportnities#4actors in Strate&y 4ormlation4inancial capa$ility of the LG"Pri!ate sector participation8elfare of the nderpri!ile&ed or disad!anta&ed and minoritiesRedistri$tion of income and Io$ creationEn!ironmental protection and preser!ation of the natral systemStren&thenin& social ser!icesPolitical climateActi!ities in!ol!ed in Strate&y 4ormlation)etermine de!elopment potentials of the area $ased on the analysis of resorces#Identify leadin& and la&&in& de!elopment sector and 6hich ha!e the &reatest impact on de!elopment#)etermine pressin& pro$lems and concerns# 5hose 6hich ha!e the stron&est ne&ati!e impact shold $e &i!en particlar attention#Identify rele!ant nationalDre&ionalDpro!incial policies 6hich directly aCect plannin& at the mnicipal le!el# 5hey ser!e as $ases for the formlation of de!elopment strate&ies#Acti!ities in!ol!ed in Strate&y 4omlationE!alate the $io-physical' socio-economic and instittional impact of the strate&y# 5his is specially critical if the &eneral strate&y to $e nderta%en entails drastic chan&es#E(ample9 Possi$le mi&ration eCects Impact on maIor land-se pattern ECect on the poorest sector of the mnicipality E(tent of reliance on infrastrctre facilities E:ity eCects (distri$tion of $enefts) ,thers5est Gide in Strate&y 4ormlationHa!e options $een flly consideredMHa!e all resorces constraints $een reco&ni*edM)o they specify methodsMAre they consistentMe# Sectoral Plannin&Sectoral plans and pro&rams depend lar&ely pon de!elopment &oals and strate&ies en!isioned for the LG"#5hey 6ill ser!e as the o!erall &ideline in the :antifcation of tar&ets for each plannin& sector#Process of Sectoral Plannin&+# Sectoral Analysis5o ascertain condition of the commnity to dra6 sond plannin5o formlate defnite o$Iecti!es and propose appropriate proIects and acti!ities#-# Pro$lems and Needs IdentifcationReslt of data analysis and consltation 6ith the commnity#Acti!e people@s participation is !ital in planninRealistic plans shold ta%e into consideration plannin& constraints 6hich hinder or limit de!elopment of the locality#.# GoalD,$Iecti!es and 5ar&et Settin&;ased on the profle of the e(istin& sitation;ased on the identifed pro$lems and rele!ant factors aCectin& the sector#5he &oal shold reHect the sector@s need#/# Strate&y 4ormlation8ith the &idin& policies' reali*ation of the &oals may $e o$tained thro&h strate&ic plans of action#)epend on the art of de!isin& techni:es in order to o$tain the desired &oal#0# Pro&ramsDProIect IdentifcationPro&rams are pac%a&es of interrelated proIects 6ithin a defnite area of action and oriented to6ards the attainment of a common o$Iecti!e#ProIects are specifc acti!ities 6ithin a pro&ram#1# S$mission of the Sectoral Plan for inte&ration 6ith other plans#7lassifcation of Sectors+# Land )e!elopment (Land "se Sector)-# Economy and )e!elopment 4inancin& (4iscal Sector).# A&ri-Indstrial Sector/# Hman )e!elopment Sector0# Infrastrctre )e!elopment Sector1# )e!elopment Administration Sector