The People's Republic of China

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Communist Party of China (CPC)People’s Republic of China (PRC)Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan, Formosa Island)Import/ExportMixed EconomyTiananmen SquarePollution (Air/Water/Soil)

Words to Know

Graphic Organizer

The People‘s Republic of China is one of the largest countries. With a population of over 1.3 billion, roughly one-fifth of the world's total population.

The PRC is involved in a long-running dispute over the political status of Taiwan ROC. The CPC's rival during the Chinese Civil War, the Kuomintang (KMT), retreated to Taiwan and surrounding islands after its civil war defeat in 1949, claiming legitimacy over China, Mongolia, and Tuva while it was the ruling power of the Republic of China (ROC). The term "Mainland China" is often used to denote the areas under PRC rule, but sometimes excludes its two Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau.

If the ROC declared formal independence from the PRC, guess what the response would be from the PRC?

China is often considered as an emerging superpower. It has the world's 2nd largest economy. China is also a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Since 1978, China's market-based economic reforms have helped lift over 400 million Chinese out of poverty, bringing down the poverty rate from 53% of population in 1981 to 8% by 2001. However, China is now faced with a number of other economic problems, including an aging population, an increasing rural-urban income gap, and rapid environmental degradation.

China plays a major role in international trade. The country is the world's largest consumer of steel and concrete. It is also the world's second largest importer of petroleum.

Interactive Notebook Question(Left Side)

Think-Pair-ShareWhat island group is China fighting for control from their former enemies?

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PRC ROCVS

Communist

Democratic

Market Economy

Command Economy

After the Chinese Civil War, mainland China underwent a series of disruptive socioeconomic movements starting in the late 1950s with the Great Leap Forward and continued in the 1960s with the Cultural Revolution that left much of its education system and economy in shambles.

Reforms on the mainland have led to some relaxation of control over many areas of

society. The PRC government still has almost absolute control over politics, and it continually seeks to eradicate threats to the social, political and economic stability of the country. Examples include the fight against terrorism, jailing of political opponents and journalists, custody regulation of the press, regulation of religion, and suppression of independence/secessionist movements.

Tiananmen Square is a large public square in Beijing, China, on the southern edge of the Inner or Tatar City. The square, named for its Gate of Heavenly Peace (Tiananmen), contains the monument of the heroes of the revolution, the Great Hall of the People, the museum of history and revolution, and the Mao Zedong Memorial Hall.

A massive demonstration for democratic reform, begun in Tiananmen Square by Chinese students in April, 1989. It was brutally repressed on June 3 and 4, 1989.

The demonstrators were joined by workers, intellectuals, and civil servants, until over a million people filled the square.

Student Demonstrations in Tiananmen Square

June 3-4, 1989

Tiananmen Square Martial law was declared on May 20. The protesters demanded

the government resign, but the government answered on the nights of June 3 and 4 with troops and tanks, killing thousands to quell a "counter-revolutionary rebellion.“

Interactive Notebook Question(Left Side)

Think-Pair-ShareHow and Why did the students at Tiananmen Square upset the Communist Government?

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China

StatisticsExports: $1216 billion (2007) Exports - commodities: machinery and

equipment, textiles and clothing, footwear, toys,, plastics, iron and steel

Exports - partners: US 21.0%, EU 18.1%, Japan 12.4%,

Imports: $953.9 billion (2007) Imports – commodities: oil, optical and

medical equipment, organic chemicals.Imports - partners: Japan 16.8%, EU 12.4%,

US 7.9%,

Economic Statistics

Currency yuan (CNY) Exchange rate (2007)

CNY :$ USD = 7.61 CNY :¥ JPY100 = 6.47 CNY :€ EUR = 10.55 CNY :£ GBP = 15.23

GDP per capita $2,034Agriculture (11.7%), industry (48.9%), services

(39.3%)

Economy ofthe People's Republic of China

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Shanghaid02.jpg

Slowly the economy is moving from a command economy to a more market-oriented economy that is still within a rigid political framework under Party control (Mixed Economy). The reforms allowed a wide variety of small-scale enterprises to flourish, and promoted foreign investment. These changes resulted in mainland China's shift from a planned economy to a mixed economy.

In 1978, Deng Xiaoping initiated China's market-oriented reforms.

Economy

1. What to produce?40% of the Chinese economy is still based in state-

run industries60% of the economy is based on the private sector

in where producers and consumers make production decisions

2. How do produce?The many inefficiencies found in the state-run

industries, particularly in the area of agriculture, limit China’s growth.

In the private market, the speed of economic growth has caused Chinese officials to have increasing difficulty monitoring consumer safety and environmental pollution.

3 Questions for any Economy, China edition.

3. For whom to produce?China requires food production to meet self-

sufficiency levels for the nation and only the surplus may be exported. In reality, there is not enough proper storage of food to meet the self-sufficiency requirement.

China exports a large amount of manufactured goods. However, the expanding middle class in China is seen as a growth market for both Chinese and foreign companies.

3 Questions for any Economy…(China edition)

Modern Chinese Economy, Which type of Economy is

found in China today??

Write your answer on the left side of your INB

Students in China are required to attend school at least till 9th grade.

China’s literacy rate is 90.9%Capital investment 40.2% of GDP

How does this help or hurt the Chinese Economy?

Education and Investment = GDP???

The government now emphasizes personal income and consumption and focuses on foreign trade.

Chinese economic development is among the fastest in the world.

Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side)

Think-Pair-ShareBy moving their economy away from a Command Economy to a Mixed Economy; what do the leaders of China hope to accomplish?

Mainland China has a reputation as being a low-cost manufacturer, which caused notable disputes in global markets. This is largely because Chinese corporations can produce many products far more cheaply than other parts of Asia or Latin America. There has been a significant rise in the Chinese standard of living in recent years. Today, 10 percent of the Chinese population is below the poverty line.

International trade makes up a sizeable portion of China's overall economy.

An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company, enterprise, or venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome.

What do you think is the level of Entrepreneurship in China?

Out of the five busiest ports in the world, three are in China.

Chinese cars for sale in Russia

Interactive Notebook Question(Left Side)

Think-Pair-ShareWhy do companies chose to do business in China?

Agriculture remains the largest employer in China, though its proportion of the workforce steadily declined. Women have been a major labor presence in China since the People's Republic was established. 40-45 percent of all women over age 15 are employed.

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China

Economics

Moving from

command to

Mixed Economy

Low Cost Manufacturin

g

Although china is called a republic, true power lies with the ruling Communist Party. China has a President and a Premier. The President is the head of state while the Premier is the head of government. The President and Vice-President are elected by the National People’s congress. The Prime Minister is the head of the ruling party, the Chinese Communist Party. While there are elections for the National People’s congress, there is truly only one political party, the Chinese Communist Party. The State Council, which functions as a cabinet is appointed by the national people’s Congress.

Its incumbent President is Hu Jintao and its premier is Wen Jiabao.

Government

Which type of citizen participation is shown above?

Why is China so interested in Africa???

Describe the ways governments distribute power (Left Side)Unitary- a form of government in which power is

held by one central authority.Confederation-voluntary associations of

independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action and establish some joint machinery of consultation or deliberation.

Federal-a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities.

Which one is China today????

Citizen participation in government (Left Side)Autocratic-government in which one person

possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in the government.

Oligarchic-Government by the few, sometimes a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has very limited role.

Democratic-Government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly.

Which one is China today????

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China

Government

OligarchicUnitary

Communist

Economics

Moving from

command to

Mixed Economy

Low Cost Manufacturin

g

With a population of over 1.3 billion, the PRC is very concerned about its population growth and has attempted to implement a strict family planning policy. The government's goal is one child per family, with exceptions for ethnic minorities and flexibility in rural areas, where a family can have a second child if the first is a girl or physically disabled. The government's goal is to stabilize population growth early in the twenty-first century, though some projections estimate a population of anywhere ranging from 1.4 billion to 1.6 billion by 2025.

The policy is resisted, particularly in rural areas, because of the need for agricultural labor and a traditional preference for boys.

Population Growth

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China

Government

OligarchicUnitary

Communist

Current Issues

Population

Economics

Moving from

command to

Mixed Economy

Low Cost Manufacturin

g

China has compulsory nine-year basic education. Many parents often invest large portions of the family's income on education. Private lessons and recreational activities are popular among the middle-class families who can afford them.

Education

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China

Government

OligarchicUnitary

Communist

Current Issues

Population

Education

Economics

Moving from

command to

Mixed Economy

Low Cost Manufacturin

g

The Ministry of Health oversees the health needs of the Chinese population. An emphasis on public health and preventative treatment characterized health policy since the early 1950s. At that time, the party started the Patriotic Health Campaign, which was aimed at improving sanitation and hygiene, as well as attacking several diseases.

Health care in China is largely private fee-for-service.

Public Health

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China

Government

OligarchicUnitary

Communist

Current Issues

Public Health

Population

Education

Economics

Moving from

command to

Mixed Economy

Low Cost Manufacturin

g

Despite significant improvements in health and the introduction of western style medical facilities, the PRC has several emerging public health problems, which include respiratory problems as a result of air pollution and an increase in obesity among urban youths. Estimates of deaths in China from environmental pollution are 760,000 people yearly from air and water pollution. China's large population and close living quarters has led to some serious disease outbreaks in recent years, such as the 2003 outbreak of SARS (a pneumonia-like disease) which has since been largely contained.

Why do most Chinese live near bodies of water?

Why don't most Chinese live here?

River?

River?

Interactive Notebook Question(Left Side)

3-2-1Name three problems facing China

today.Name two types of industries in

China today.Name the type of economy in China

today.

Air Force (470,000 airmen; 2,556 jet fighters; 400 ground attack jets.)

Ground Force (Army) (1.9 million men; 14,000 tanks; 14,500 artillery pieces & 453 helicopters)

Navy (250,000 sailors; 63 submarines; 18 destroyers; 35 frigates)

Chinese Military Statistics

Country Suspected Total Weapons**

China 400France 350India 60+?Israel 200+?Pakistan 24-48Russia 10,000United Kingdom 85United States 10,656

Nuclear Weapons Worldwide ***Estimates

Hong Kong

Beijing

Shanghai

Draw an Economic Continuum line on the Left Side of your Notebook with Market on one side and Command on the other:

MarketCommand

Where on the above Economic Continuum would China be today?

Name the Type of Economy

Economic Continuum line

MarketCommand

China

1. China= Command/Mixed

Name the Type of Economy

UNITARYWays Government Distributes Power

Central Authorit

y

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

CONFEDERATIONWays Government Distributes Power

Central Authorit

y

Regional Authorit

y

Regional Authorit

y

Regional Authorit

y

Regional Authorit

y

FEDERATION/FEDERALWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

CentralAuthority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Describe the ways governments distribute powerUnitary- a form of government in which power

is held by one central authority.Confederation-voluntary associations of

independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action and establish some joint machinery of consultation or deliberation.

Federal-a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities.

Which is China today?

Citizen participation in governmentAutocratic-government in which one person

possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in the government.

Oligarchic-Government by a few, a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has very limited role.

Democratic-Government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly.

Which is modern China?

China India

Literacy Rate90.9% 64.84

GDP per capita$2458 $909

Life Expectancy72yrs 68yrs

Unemployment Rate4-9% 1-9%Which has the higher standard of

living? Why? How can the other go up?

Compare and Contrast India and China

Learning Log-Modern China(Left Side)Essay (1st-5th periods)

Write a 5 paragraph essay describing the government and economy of modern China and what life is like for Chinese citizens.

Learning Log (6th period)On your own paper; chose only one!

Write a 5 paragraph essay describing the government and economy of modern China and what life is like for Chinese citizens.

1. Write a 5 paragraph letter to the leaders of China as the President of the United States detailing their mistakes in leading China and how to fix them.

2. Write a 5 paragraph letter as the leaders of China to the United Nations explaining your decisions as the leaders of Communist China today.

3. Write a 5 paragraph letter as a Chinese citizen to the United Nations explaining your life under the rule of Communist China today.

Modern ChinaSummarizing Activity 1

One the left side of your INB, draw a picture detailing how the following has changed China

Tiananmen Square-or-Moving from a Command to a Mixed

Economy-or-Air/Water/Soil Pollution

Modern ChinaSummarizing Activity 2

One the left side of your INB, draw a picture detailing how the following changed China…

Mao Zedong-or-Chiang Kei-Shek

Modern ChinaSummarizing Activity 3

One the left side of your INB, put the following conflicts in the order they took place:

Korean WarThe Long MarchWorld War IITiananmen Square MassacreThe Great Leap ForwardThe Cultural Revolution

Summarizing Activity 4 (Left hand side)Draw the following:

How people live in this area: Housing

How people work in this area: Types of Industry? Cities? Towns?

How people travel in this area: Cars? Paved Roads? Water?

Summarizing Activity 5 (Left hand side)Draw the following:

What happened at Tiananmen Square

Summarizing Activity 6 (Left hand side)Draw the following:

Take your drawing of What happened at Tiananmen Square and add the events that took place in Chinese history to lead up to Tiananmen Square.

(Cause-N-Effect)

China’s One Child Policy. http://faculty.harker.org/adm/population/studentpages/china1/index.html March 6, 2008

Modern China. http://marketplace.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/09/12/location_beats_cost_for_china_construction/ March 7, 2008.

Bibliography