the new nanofrontier kristin leutwyler - presented by ananthanarayanan venkatachalam

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The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

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Page 1: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

The New NanofrontierKristin Leutwyler

- Presented by

Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Page 2: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Overview

• Thoughts of current generation

• Nanotechnology’s threat to world

-Bill Joy, co-founder of Sun Microsystems.

• Foresight Institute

• Reports to show its promise

• Conclusion

Page 3: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Thoughts of current generation

• “It is staggeringly a small world below” - Dr. Richard Feynman

• “In the year 2000,when they look back at this age, they will wonder why it was not until the year 1960, that any body began to move seriously in this direction.”

• Inspire greater wonder in 40 years!!

• Concern about the pace at which the Nanotechnology - plenty of reports

Page 4: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Nanotechnology’s threat to the world

• Nanotechnology ,the end of human species - Bill Joy, Wired

Nanotechnology - humans an endangered species

Ray Kurzweil

Rate of technological improvement

Near–term possibility that humans = robots.

Page 5: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Nanotechnology’s threat to the world (cont’d)

• The new Luddite challenge Intelligent machines better than human beings.

High organized machines no human effort

machines permitted own decisions

Page 6: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Nanotechnology’s threat to the world (cont’d)

• The new Luddite challenge (cont’d)

Impossible to guess how such machines work.

Fate of human race = mercy of the machines

Human race “drifts” dependence on machines

Page 7: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Nanotechnology’s threat to the world (cont’d)

• The new Luddite challenge (cont’d) Society and problems that face it

Machines more and more intelligent

Machine – made decisions will bring better results

than man made ones.

Page 8: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Nanotechnology’s threat to the world (cont’d)

• The new Luddite challenge (cont’d) Decisions necessary to keep the system running – complex. human beings incapable of making them intelligently. Machines will have effective control over humans. Turning off the machine = suicide.

Page 9: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Nanotechnology’s threat to the world (cont’d)

• ‘Nanotechnology introduces the risk that we might destroy the biosphere’

Today’s solar cells could out–compete real plants.

Omnivorous ‘bacteria’ could out-compete real bacteria - reduces biosphere to dust in days.

Dangerous replicators.

Page 10: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Nanotechnology’s threat to the world (cont’d)

• ‘Nanotechnology introduces the risk that we might destroy the biosphere’

Nanotechnology threat – “gray goo” problem, Dr. Eric Drexler.

Goo - consists of legions of miniature assemblers.

The gray goo threat makes one thing perfectly clear: cannot afford replicating assemblers

Page 11: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Foresight Institute’s guidelines

• Foresight institute’s goal

• Policy

• Foresight efforts

- Development of guidelines for R & D

Page 12: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Foresight Institute’s guidelines

• Principles

Artificial replicators capable of replication Evolution within the context of self-replicating system

is discouraged Replicated information should be error free MNT device designs proliferation Provide traceability of any replicating systems

Page 13: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Foresight Institute’s guidelines

• Principles (Cont’d)

Developers should consider systematically the environmental consequences

Industry self-regulation should be designed in whenever possible

Distribution of molecular manufacturing development capability should be restricted

Page 14: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Foresight Institute’s guidelines

• Policy

Promoting understanding of nanotechnology and

its effects. Informing the public and decision makers. Organizational base for addressing nanotechnology

– related issues. actively pursuing beneficial outcomes of

nanotechnology.

Page 15: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Galen Stucky – University of California, Santa Barbara.

• Glassy materials with nanoscale pores, cages and channels.

• Harry Dorn – Virginia Tech Chemist

• New breed of metal containing fullerenes

nanoscale building blocks.

Page 16: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Fullerenes

Before 1985 – six pure crystalline forms of carbon

In 1985, new form of carbon – buckyballs

60 or 70 carbons could cluster together cage – like molecules

Page 17: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Fullerenes

molecular structure soccer ball or the geodesic designs of Buckminster Fuller.

endohedral metallofullerenes replacement for Silicon in IC’s

Doping carbon with metal or metal oxides small quantities of buckyballs, encapsulates 1-4

metal atoms.

Page 18: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

Fullerenes – How do we make them?

Page 19: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Twirling motors

Cornell nanobiotechnology center power virus sized motors using ATP

Science – Carlo Montemagno – tested the first bimolecular motors, marrying inorganic nickel propellers to ATPase enzymes

“We have shown that hybrid nanodevices can be assembled, maintained and repaired using the physiology of life”

Page 20: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Twirling motors (cont’d)– Nickel propellers measuring

750 nm long and 150 nm wide

– Propellers self assembled with molecules of ATPase

– Motor-propeller combination is mounted on 200 nm high, 80 nm wide nickel posts

Page 21: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Twirling motors (cont’d)

ATPase broke atomic bonds in the ATP molecules

cranked rotor-like protein inside ATPase

CCD – propellers spun at a rate of 8 rev/sec in some cases continuing for 2.5 hours

Page 22: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Twirling motors (cont’d)

400 assembled units – 5 worked

Later batches – lost propellers others their test pedestals

Friendlier to use among delicate organic molecules and living cells

Page 23: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Twirling motors (cont’d)

Remove harsh chemicals from final product

+ computational and sensing functions

Replace ATP with light energy to fuel the bimolecular motors

Page 24: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Microrobots Jager – robotic arm,

bilayer of gold and polypyrrole, particularly stable conjucated polymer

670 micrometers long, an elbow, wrist and hand, with 2 – 4 fingers

electrochemical oxidation and reduction pick 100 micrometer glass bead

Page 25: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Dancing tin nanomotors

Tin dancing on copper

Camphor particles shimmy across the surface of water

finding ways to harness and choreograph the tin crystals’ movements nanoshapes

Page 26: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Dancing tin nanomotors (cont’d)

Schmid’s team tin and copper morph into bronze

STM to obtain topographical map of the material’s surface

LEEM to watch the movements of tin on that surface

Page 27: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Dancing tin nanomotors (cont’d)

Tin deposited on copper two dimensional crystalline islands

Surf over copper’s surface, tin copper

islands bronze crystals, eject the copper atoms

bronze clumps cover the surface and tin islands dissolve

Page 28: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Reports to show its promises!!

• Dancing tin nanomotors (cont’d)

naturally - occuring motor is very efficient

car – 0.1 hp/kg of its weight whereas tin – 0.3 hp/kg

“the challenge is to devise nanomotors whose motion can be controlled externally and can be refueled

Page 29: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

Conclusion

Page 30: The New Nanofrontier Kristin Leutwyler - Presented by Ananthanarayanan Venkatachalam

References

• www.sciam.com/explorations/2000

• www.foresight.org

• www.globalideasbank.org

• www.chemistry.vt.edu/chem-dept/dorn/buckyballs