the nervous system2

PREPARED BY:

FRANCIA G. BAJARO

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NERVOUS SYSTEM

•The learners must be able to explain how the nervous system works.•The pupils are expected to identify and describe the main parts of the nervous system•Students will learn the locations and functions of the Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord) and the Peripheral Nervous System

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I. OBJECTIVES

The human nervous system is a system of nerves that begins in the brain and is part of every area of your body – from your fingertips to your eyes, from the skin on your toes to your bones, tendons and ligaments. The nervous system is designed to help humans perceive the world around them and to keep them safe.

A simple example of the human nervous system is when your finger or hand gets too close to a heat source and you instinctively pull back. Your brain and nerve endings feel the heat and signal your muscles to retract your hand. 3

II.INTRODUCTION

Brain

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WHAT PARTS DO YOU KNOW THAT ARE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nerves

http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/_bfs_NSmoviesource.html

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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM



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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

7http://www.3dscience.com/3D_Models/Human_Anatomy/Male_Systems/Male_Nervous_3.php

∞ The nervous system is a very complex system in the body.

∞ It is divided into two main systems.∞ The central nervous system (CNS)∞ Consists of spinal cord and the

brain. ∞ The peripheral nervous system is

made up of all of the nerves and the wiring.

http://www.investintech.com/

http://www.3dscience.com/3D_Models/Human_Anatomy/Male_Systems/Male_Nervous_3.php

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The two main parts of the nervous system

http://morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/images/nervous_system.gif



Central Nervous System

"Brain & Spinal Cord"

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The keeps the body in order. It helps to control all of the body systems and organs, keeping them working like they should. The brain. also allows us to think, feel, remember and imagineIn general, the brain is what makes us behave as human beings.The brain communicates with the rest of thebody through the spinal cord and the nerves.They tell the brain what is going on in the body at all times. This system also gives instructions to all parts o the body what to do and when to do it. http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/ner1.htm

BRAIN

http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/ner1.htm


Parts of the Brain

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• 1=olfactory lobe of cerebrum, 2=thalamus,3=pineal gland, 4=hypothalamus, 5=anterior pituitary, 6=posterior pituitary, 7=cerebellum, 8=brain stem

http://loudoun.nvcc.edu/vetonline/vet111/nervous%20sys/nervoussysless.htm



Cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres):

•This is the largest portion of the brain in higher animals, The cerebral surface appears gray and "furrowed" by the sulci (valleys) and gyri (hills ).

•The cerebrum is the seat of the highest mental activity including: memory, language, reason, emotion (along with the limbic system), voluntary body control and interpretation of sensations.

•It is divided into two halves by a deep mid line fissure.11

•Cerebellum:

•The "little brain" located at the back of cerebrum and appears similar to the cerebrum but smaller.

•It coordinates the execution of movement and is involved in the unconscious control of balance. (receives information from receptors in joints and muscles)

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•Pineal body: • It is located above the pituitary gland, deep in the brain. (It is actually an endocrine gland and secretes releasing factors to the pituitary gland and the hormone melatonin.)

•Thalamus: • The thalamus is the "switchboard" to the cerebrum, it controls and integrates the millions of messages sent to the brain.

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•Hypothalamus: It acts in the regulation of some autonomic functions including hunger, thirst and body temperature. It is very important in regulation of the pituitary gland.

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•Medulla Oblongata: The medulla or brain stem is a primary regulator of autonomic functions including respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, coughing and vomiting

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The most brainless animal may have been

the dinosaur, Stegosaurus. It weighed 1 1/2 tons, but its brain was only the size of a

walnut.

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Did you know….

There are five main senses touch, smell, taste, hearing and sight. These are the external sensory system, because they tell you about the world

outside your body. Your senses tell you what is happening in the outside world. Your body's sense organs constantly send signals about

what is happening outside and inside it to your control center - the brain

Sensory areas such as touch, smell, taste, hearing and sight receive messages from the skin, nose, mouth, ears and eyes.

We feel, t aste, hear and see when these messages are received by the sensory parts of the brain . 17

Central Nervous"Senses"


"Senses"

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Lizards are always flicking their

tongues in and out. They "taste" the air

and pass all the flavors back to a

sense organ in the mouth.

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Did you know….


Spinal Cord

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Specialized nerves divide many times as they leave the spinal cord so that they may reach all parts of the body. The thickest nerve is 1 inch thick and the thinnest is thinner than a human hair. Each nerve is a bundle of hundreds or thousands of cells. The spinal cord runs down a tunnel of holes in your backbone or spine. The bones protect it from damage. The cord is a thick bundle of nerves, connecting your brain to the rest of your body




•The peripheral nervous system carries messages to and from the central nervous system. It sends information to the brain and carries out orders from the brain.

•Messages travel through the cranial nerves, those which branch out from the brain and go to many places in the head such as the ears, eyes and face. Messages can also travel through the spinal nerves which branch out from the spinal cord.

http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=335&np=152&id=2612

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The peripheral nervous system




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The Peripheral Nervous System

The nervous system is made up of nerve cells or neurons that are "wired" together throughout the body, somewhat like communication system. Neurons carry messages in the form of an electrical impulses. The messages move from one neuron to another to keep the body functioning.Neurons have a limited ability to repair themselves. Unlike other body tissues, nerve cells cannot also be repaired if damaged due to injury or disease.



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Did you know….


The axon of one neuron doesn't touch the dendrites of the next. Nerve signals have to jump across a tiny gap. To get across the gap they have to change from electrical signals into chemical signals then back into electrical signals.


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Dr. Amriel says…

You can help your nervous system work well and be healthy by being active, having a healthy diet and keeping yourself busy and happy.


What are the health habits that can make the nervous system healthy?



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Dr. Amriel says

• Exercise releases a chemical, called serotonin, in the brain which makes you feel good, relaxes muscles and gets rid of stress.

• Good food gives your body the vitamins and minerals needed to build healthy nerves and tissue.

• Keeping busy and happy helps you to deal with life when things go wrong.http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=335&np

=152&id=2612



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What makes up the brain, the spinal cord or your peripheral nerves?

• Neurons are “the cell”• Cell body• Nucleus• Axon• Dendrite

• What do you think surrounds the cell?

• What other organelles would be needed?





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ACTIVITIES

Picture description text Simple Neuron Model

Here's the most simple model of a neuron I can think of...and you don't need any supplies. It's your hand!Procedure : 1. Hold out your arm and spread your fingers. 2. Your hand represents the "cell body" (also

called the "soma"); your fingers represent "dendrites" bringing information to the cell body; your arm represents the "axon" taking information away from the cell body.

ALRIGHT! LET’S MOVE TO THE NEXT ACTIVITIES.........



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ACTIVITIES

It's a bird, it's a plane....no it's "Nervous System Kid” Materials:

Butcher paperMarkers (to outline and color the picture)Pens and pencils (to label the structures)Pictures of internal and sense organs - cut out, paste on your body outline and color



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ACTIVITIES

Procedure:•Get a large piece of butcher paper - large enough for a student to lie down on. •Lie down on this paper and outline your body.•. Now fill-in and color this outline with parts of the nervous system or use the pictures of the organs•The brain and spinal cord should be easy. Don't forget the sense organs (eyes, ears, mouth, nose, skin).• Follow a diagram of the peripheral nerves to add more features to your drawing. Also, label the structures that are drawn.

Bravo !! You’re really wonderful you’re in the right tract towards the other challenges..



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EVALUATION

Q.1) This is the job of the nervous system a. To send messages to and from the brain and spinal cortd to and from the body. b. To break food to be used by the body.. c. To remove waste from the body Q.2) This is made up of the brain and spinal cord. a. peripheral nervous system b. central nervous system c. enteric nervous system Q.3) Made up of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia

and the nerves connecting them to each other and the central nervous system.

a. central nervous system b.peripheral nervous system c. enteric nervous system



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EVALUATION

Q.4) Nerve cell a. cerebrum b. cerebellum c. neuron Q.5) The major organ of the nervous system encased in the skull. a. neuron b. axon c. brain



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EVALUATION

Q.6) The part of the brain in charge of thinking and memory. A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. medulla oblongata Q.7) This part of the brain controls coordination and balance. A.cerebrum B.cerebellum C.medulla oblongata



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EVALUATION

Q.11) The cell body of a neuron. A.dendrite B.axon C.soma Q.12) A filament that arises from the neuron cell body and extends

for micrometers. A cluster of them form a tree. A.dendrite B.axon C.soma Q.13) A special nerve filament that arises from the cell body and

travels up to a meter. A.dendrite B.axon C.soma



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EVALUATION

Q.8) The part of the brain in charge of involuntary actions such as breathing, heartbeat. A. cerebrum B.cerebellum C.medulla oblongata Q.9) The major set of large set of nerves running down the spinal column or vertebrae. A.axon

B.dendrite C.spinal cord Q.10) Specialized connection with other cells. A.synapse B.lobe C.cerebrum



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EVALUATION

Q.14) Helping cells of the brain. A.axons B.dendrites C.glia Q.15) A subsystem of the peripheral nervous system. A.enteric nervous system B.central central nervous system

C.voluntary nervous system

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http://www.gifs-paradise.com/free-animated-gifs/lizards/

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REFERENCES

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chmodel.html





http://www.gifs-paradise.com/free-animated-gifs/lizards/

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chmodel.html








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REFERENCES



http://www.teacherplanet.com/resource/nervous.php

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/facts.html






http://www.teacherplanet.com/resource/nervous.php

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/facts.html



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