THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Study the pictures below and answer the questions that

follow.

http://sprtshub.com http://www.flickr.com/photos/14654539@N03/1507069003/

Q: Which systems in our body are at work when we play a sport?A: Our skeletal, muscular and nervous systemsQ: How do we know when and where to move to during a sport?A: Our nervous system helps us to react to our surroundings and move according.

Parts and function of the

NERVOUS SYSTEM

SPINAL CORD- about 18 inches long- made of many nerves located around the spine- located inside the vertebral canal - CARRIES MESSAGES TO & FROM THE BRAIN- Protected by the vertebral column- Has vertebral disks

o which absorb shock during activitieso allow spine to flex and extend

SPINAL CORD

- form a network throughout our body

- send messages to our body parts and receive messages from our surroundings through the spinal cord

- connected end to end and transmits electrical impulses from one point to another

-two types : sensory nerves and motor nerves

- Sensory nerves pick up information from our surroundings

- Motor nerves carry out the actions as a response to an information

NERVE CELL/NEURON

NERVE CELL/NEURON

- soft organ protected by the skull

- controls the entire nervous system- has the following parts:

BRAIN

- biggest part of the brain

- makes up 85% of the brain's weight- thinking part of the brain

- controls voluntary muscles (the ones that move when you want them to)

BRAIN: CEREBRUM

http://health.allrefer.com/pictures-images/left-cerebral-hemisphere-function.html

BRAIN: CEREBRUM

http://health.allrefer.com/pictures-images/right-cerebral-hemisphere-function.html

BRAIN: CEREBRUM

- is at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum - only 1/8 of the size of the cerebrum- controls balance, movement, and coordination

(how muscles work together)

BRAIN: CEREBELLUM

http://health.allrefer.com/pictures-images/cerebellum-function.html

BRAIN: CEREBELLUM

- sits beneath cerebrum and in front of cerebellum- connects the rest of the brain to spinal cord, which

runs down our neck and back - controls involuntary muscles (muscles that work

automatically, without you controlling it)- it sorts through millions of messages that the brain

and the rest of the body send back and forth

BRAIN: BRAIN STEM

http://health.allrefer.com/pictures-images/brainstem-function.html

BRAIN: BRAIN STEM

Pituitary gland • produces and releases hormones • controls our growth

Hypothalamus • controls body temperature• if we feel warm, the hypothalamus tells the body to

produce sweat. If we’re too cold, it gets us shivering

OTHER BRAIN PARTS

http://www.besthealth.com/besthealth/bodyguide/reftext/images/PituitaryGland.jpg

OTHER BRAIN PARTS

PATH OF MESSAGE

The sensory nerves pick up

the message from a

stimulus

Message is sent as a

nerve impulse

The sensory nerves

bring the message

to the spinal cord, then brain.

The brain

gives a response through

the motor nerves

The motor nerves

help the muscles

in carrying out the

response action

PATH OF MESSAGE• Tell the path of message if

– A young boy gets an apple from inside the refrigerator

Sensory nerves of the eyes message travels to the brain via spinal cord brain decide on an action message of action travels from brain via the spinal cord motor nerves of arm

– You hear your mobile phone’s message alert tone.

How about this?

ReflexReflex actions

– Actions to stimulus which are almost instantaneous• Stimulus spinal cord reaction• Reaction to potential danger

– Blinking of eyes faster than the approach of a foreign object

Are the actions of an athlete reflex or common stimulus response?

COMMON ILLNESSES OF THE NERVOUS

SYSTEM

Description/s

Symptoms

Cure

- deterioration of memory, thinking, and reasoning-usually occurs in old age

gradual loss of memory, lessened ability to perform routine tasks, disorientation, difficulty in learning, loss of language skills, impairment of judgment and planning, and mood or behavioral changes

currently no cure

Alzheimer’s Disease

Description/s

Symptoms

Cure

-result of trauma at the time of birth, such as insufficient oxygen to the brain or head injury. - may be caused by head injury resulting from accident, alcoholism, infectious diseases such as measles or mumps, or lead or mercury poisoning

marked by seizures that often involve convulsions or the loss of consciousness

is a recurrent, lifelong condition that must be managed on a long-term basis

Epilepsy

Description/s

Symptoms

Cure

Inherited, progressive disease

-uncontrollable physical movements and mental deterioration.-symptoms usually appear in people between the ages of thirty and fifty-include restlessness, twitching, and a desire to move about

there is no cure and treatment

Huntington’s Disease

Description/s

Symptoms

Cure

-a particularly intense form of headache lasting several hours or more -headaches provoked by a particular stimulus, such as stress, loud noises, missed meals, or eating particular foods.

Headaches, nausea, sensitivity to light and/or sound

Several drugs may be used to reduce the pain and severity of a migraine attack.

Migraine

Description/s

Symptoms

Cure

-occurs when the protective coating around the nerves deteriorates. Nerves become exposed and directly interferes with the way the brain sends signals to the rest of the body. The exposed nerves become hardened (sclerosis),therefore the body cannot respond to signals being sent by the brain.-severe exhaustion, bladder and bowel weakness, balance and coordination problems, dizziness, vision problems and pain in eyes, muscle stiffness, weakness, cramps and pain

-no known cure - treatment involves management of symptoms

Multiple Sclerosis

Description/s

Symptoms

Cure

-progressive disease in which cells in one of the movement-control centers of the brain begin to die

-nerves and muscles become weak, and control over speech body movements is lost-symptoms include tremors (usually beginning in the hands), slow movements, muscle rigidity or stiffness, balance problems, decreased eye-blinking, depression, speech changes, sleep problems, constipation, and irritability

-currently no cure for or a way to prevent PD

Parkinson’s Disease

Description/s

Symptoms

Cure

- infectious viral disease that attacks muscle-controlling nerves that can cause paralysis-affects children-spreads primarily through contact with saliva or feces of infected person. Virus enters and multiplies rapidly in the intestines. It enters the bloodstream, then gains access to the central nervous system

- fever, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, stiff neck and back, and muscle pain

vaccines were developed to provide the body immunity to the poliomyelitis virus

Poliomyelitis/Polio

Description/s

Symptoms

Cure

-occurs when a blood vessel carrying oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a blood clot or bursts-part of the brain is deprived of the blood and oxygen it needs, so it begins to die

weakness or numbness of one side of the face, arm and/or leg; trouble speaking or understanding; dizziness, trouble walking or loss of balance.

Stroke

-Treatment through intake of medicine-Rehabilitation-Surgery

Learn how to cope with emotions.Have a balanced diet.Read and write regularly.Avoid alcohol, drugs and cigarettes.Exercise caution at work and play.

Sources:http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/brain.html# http://www.humanillnesses.com/Behavioral-Health-A-Br/The-Brain-and-Nervous-

System.htmlhttp://www.faqs.org/health/Body-by-Design-V2/The-Nervous-System-Ailments-

what-can-go-wrong-with-the-nervous-system.html

Care for the NS