the nail structure. the nail structure/cross section

35
The Nail Structure

Upload: lorena-wilkinson

Post on 17-Jan-2016

408 views

Category:

Documents


7 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

The Nail Structure

Page 2: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

The Nail Structure/Cross Section

Page 3: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

Nail Diseases & Disorders = Onychosis

• Nail Diseases: will show signs of infection or inflammation (redness, pain, swelling or pus). All diseases require medical attention and must NOT be treated in the salon.

• Nail Disorder: condition caused by injury to the nail or some imbalance in the body. These can be treated in the salon.

Page 4: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

Diseases

• Onychia- inflammation of the matrix with pus and shedding of the nail. Improperly disinfected nail implements could cause this bacterial disease.

Page 5: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DiseaseOnychocryptosis - ingrown nails; nails grow into the tissue surrounding the nail

Page 6: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DiseaseOnychogryposis – thickening and

increased curvature of the nail; also called “ram’s horn nail” usually caused by injury to

the matrix

Page 7: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DiseaseOnycholysis – loosening of the nail without

shedding usually beginning at the free edge and continuing to the lunula.

Page 8: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DiseaseOnychomadesis – separation and falling off of

the nail from the nail bed.

Page 9: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

Disease

• Onychoptosis -The periodic shedding of one or more nails, in whole or in part. This condition might follow certain diseases such as syphilis, or can result from trauma, system upsets or reactions to prescription drugs.

Page 10: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

10

Disease• Onychomycosis - fungal infection of

natural nail plate, infect the free edge & spread to matrix

Page 11: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DiseaseParonychia - bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail. Pus is usually present along with gradual thickening and brownish discoloration

of the nail plate.

Page 12: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

Disease

Chronic Paronychia: most often found in toenails because of perspiration in footgear

Page 13: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DiseasePyogenic Granuloma – severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up

from the nail bed to the nail plate.

Page 14: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

Disease

Tinea (ringworm) – highly contagious skin disease caused by a vegetable parasite or

fungus. It is characterized by itching, scales and sometimes painful circular lesions.

Page 15: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DiseaseTinea Pedis – athlete’s foot or

ringworm of the foot

Page 16: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DiseaseTinea Unguium – ringworm of the nail. The disease invades the free edge and spreads towards the root

Page 17: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DiseaseNail Psoriasis – tiny pits

appear on the surfaceTreatment: Refer to Physician

Page 18: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa – an anaerobic (No Oxygen) bacterial infection that can grow out of control as a result of an unsanitized natural nail or unsanitized implements then covered by artificial nail products such as tips, acrylic, gels,

or wraps. Formerly incorrectly referred to as mold

• Treatment:You may only remove

The enhancements.

Then you MUST

REFFER CLIENT

TO A

PHYSICIAN

Bacterial Infection - Disease

Page 19: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderBeau’s Lines – visible

depressions running across the width of the nail plate – usually

caused by major illnessTreatment: lightly buff & use ridge

filler

Page 20: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

20

DisorderSplinter Hemorage

• caused by physical tramua, damages capillaries & blood flows up to bed epithelium, always positioned lengthwise in the direction of growth

20

Page 21: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderBlue Nails – discolored nails is a condition

caused by poor blood circulation, heart disorder, or topical and oral medications.

This condition may indicate the presence of a systemic disorder.

• Treatment: this condition can benefit from a regular manicure with polish, artificial tips, or wraps

Page 22: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderBruised Nails – blood clot forms

under the nail plate, forming a dark purplish spot, usually due to injury

• Treatment: this nail can benefit from regular manicures, the dried blood will attach itself to the nail plate and grow out over time. Try to avoid placing pressure on the nail plate during the manicure.

Page 23: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderCorrugations – wavy rides,

caused by uneven growth of the nails

• Treatment: carefully buff the nail, this helps to minimize the ridges. Use a ridge filler base coat to give the polish a smooth look

Page 24: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderEggshell Nails – noticeably thin, they are more flexible than normal nails. Usually

caused by improper diet, internal disease,

medications or nervous disorders. • Treatment: be very careful when manicuring these

nails they are fragile and can break easily. Do not use pressure, and use the fine side of the file.

Page 25: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderFurrows – depressions in the nails that can run either lengthwise or across the nail. Occasionally caused by

pregnancy, poor circulation, of frostbite

• Treatment: nails are brittle & great care must be exercised when giving a manicure. Avoid the use of a metal pusher; instead use a plastic one or an orange wood stick, use ridgefiller.

Page 26: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderHangnail or Agnail: condition

where cuticle splits around the nail.

• Treatment: Hot oil manicures will aid in correcting the problem. Advise client that if not properly cared for a hangnail can become infected

Page 27: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderLeukonychia – white spots on the nail; usually caused by injury to the

base of the nail

• Treatment: treat as normal healthy nail; spots should grow out and disappear

Page 28: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderMelanonychia – darkening of the nail, can be seen as a black band under the nail; an

increase in pigment cells

• Treatment: treat as normal nail

Page 29: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

Disorder Onychatrophia – is the atrophy or

wasting away of the nail, usually due to injury

• Treatment: file nail with smooth side of emery board; do not use metal pusher; advise client to protect nails from further injury

Page 30: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderOnychauxis –(otherwise know as Hypertrophy) overgrowth of the nail usually in thickness; can be

hereditary, internal imbalance, or a local infection. • Treatment: If infection is present do

NOT manicure the nail. If not you may file and buff the nail smooth.

Page 31: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderOnychophagy – bitten nails result

of an acquired habit.• Treatment: regular manicures or nail

enhancements will discourage the client from biting the nails

Page 32: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderOnychorrhexis – abnormal brittleness with

striations (lines). Usually caused by improper filing vitamin deficiencies, or exposure to strong soaps

• Treatment: Suggest hot oil manicures, buff gently, use ridge filler

Page 33: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderPlicatured Nail – “folded nail” surface is usually flat while the two sides fold at a

90degree angle

• Treatment: carefully trim nails straight across to prevent ingrown nails

Page 34: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

Disorder Pterygium – forward growth of the

eponychium

• Treatment: Do NOT use a metal instrument to push back the skin, doing so will just make it worse. Use cuticle creams and conditioners on the area

Page 35: The Nail Structure. The Nail Structure/Cross Section

DisorderTrumpet or Pincer Nails – edge of the nail

plate curls around to form the shape of a trumpet or a cone. Nail bed becomes

constricted and may be painful

• Treatment: carefully trim the margins of the nail to make the client comfortable