OF AMERTCAN ARCH,*OLOCYRD UNIVERSITY

vol. xxrrr No, r

TEE MOUNTAINS OF GIAMSA N.{CI^L AND CIJLII]EAI, STUDY OF TITE

NORTE ALBANI N MOU^-f,rIN GElcs

c]\RLpmN s. cooN

CAMBRDG4 MASSACIIITSETTS! Usl!PIJ}I,ISIID BY TgE MUSEUM

ri1rJs RIPruNT CO,

THE MOUNT'AINs OF GIANTS

A IACIAL AND C-IJLTVRTIL 'IITDY

OF TI{ENORTIT ALBANIAN MOUNiAIN GHEGS

TIrc @s of thc Eloqtork Clnh - . FivrE orSNizrtjon af ftd'n6 of

mrl@@l@ in Hdnd Univ.Bnv dd Rrd-Lfe CoJ.8r - i! ords o sb@

,h* rit;-.. "!d

,fdi@ ror P'olsr c.ia dtbkd r rud b helP

&frly dr publiciiu .xPaG of thi! nmognPll

Tn. foUowj.g PsPle dddihut dl

ha

CONTENTTS

i,

&cn tb? 'dPL

! i 'hd.

As.dfusd

Ag.odPidy'

i;.

&codn4hde*lEhdc@

$rdi'nquhM,b ! ctrsiru

sYPRolLaMs:AGE'FuNcflo{'EN.

THEMo(^TANGgEcPHIMTYP!'

Iv. tu drG EyGnv.Piatfuldd

vlt'n;r of 6. sE s r *hdc d ot

PbdqFddlf . !e6bd'dd6:

Ra'qdlwfudi !bdyl iadb'rd^Jfudi !&*ddtGtu'"r *6d ii,t" r.- dft rckih-r d6

' cde .elioclfuhP'gffiM'n4@|dc4!EMdqtur

n! dd;hD b!e; @ t &rqc

Hdfu| !M.od, '4c.q.qn.n!fri.ei 'oe.

addhfuo' iqdldE's

LlsT OF TAILES

LNu!6dwfunEEdbyi ld4dst i4Bfai@bddo6Pql lg ' I

r tu;dq dd sd6I M*irolN 6d rdts @eE t+

Nr'hofigilEqfuilf i .I l i€.

rs!4b!ddd6! '

LIST OF LINE-CUT FIGURES

: ' 'edi !sdo' id|qfuiJ 'GbwirT! fu ' id! t rhhddl fu.

LIST OF COLLOTYPE I]GURES

r-dil 'nu,ntryPdMstrliiGh4avneq

3i r, e Lddcd &rh ii sP4 &t'q Mie

q,, ra dDdis '

K's zod' eh&v Ftv,

4 Tub bridg. oq d! whb Dd4 Es

$ 4 Pec Jq Mfbjoi d ei;q wtu b 'rq

4 Td Tdi, & oq.dtur b* i sld4Dqk:gj !Pofuct i ryood!Pdb!R{

4^ twm rtsn d Mffi (;gft) Yift lti

. ,AgaPdG&9614| i4 i4 'hd&.furt!tKogas'DFb}a*ytrkhdi

t A crtufic cr€

4, 4 $trdd Dbd Moq6 Ghq,., 4 rh B6ik 9?c d ft qonhw&

q 4 PjPhr@ b 'i|@d

r dd @p.q 4 rrdv b fty-rddd g]NFq t si*r b EY@9-tur6dd soP.

4 6 ah! uiddoled bd.

u, vddoE b hld rqm Ge .

',edIuhdoidDd@j'irlfu&de

THE MOUNTAIN'S OF GIANTS

AND CVLTUML STI]DY OT TIJEALBANIAN MOUNTAIN GHECS

TY.:.i

R4'i''a qrb tt' torr'iq o1 'k

q;pat$bb,

THE DINARIC PROBLEM

ENKER (lsJrroro as ih.6d nII-, jor dl,rm;r of lIN b rtogd* th.difi.gs bd.6 , tn6 ot Eropdbnchyephrl. th. cwoeipiEl Alp& withhb mihf llq loe-bridfrd-blobby-nG.. rdsbcLt 6uild; Dd nt! BIls. t ud. Add.tit o!Dinqc wirh hi3 p]toaip i:l 5h , hs lm8,

u ;s..' E. coii.cdy ImEd d. Dinfic

tho laM A&i{ic .@ A sidnr fom, tb.Atumid, hc dro found in thc nouti$ orAlllhii dd inc C es. S.n6 n.Nredsincc Dmilcr's dry hE confnnd d. .ii*-ac. ol $clt pcopL in ths.

'la. Oil'* di

dd.. hs lllou ih{ Diuic f.tu r ndry6".d b rh. vhie De, bft nry bc sdin Iffi of Aiic dd OMir ud bont !@.of tf,. Indi$ fim M.nco rnd P@-Tf,*ob6r.rim h1ec l.d to ttc th6is dEt Ditdi-c'ltio! i! l biologicd pmc* whhh m hrf

' Lrl of th.6ly i:mirl mrdirl diF .ads fr in the wrld. Didric.Fci'.6 n rb-si Nothnq codd b. ndi fthov.d froErn .mirl lid flci.l fos ol Ne.d.4hrl.CcM@otr GiLe ItiL u uy or$s LnomIcit. I shoe hdn hdd . loiE fie

-ith !

eFw irq. r drioaist rll ih6. rdGnnd * tb. oppoaiE .ioluti@ FL fMth. dly spdir;B. Norc of rna dLy slruItImAini icr rn Din q@&mybb.fobna in rlE Fd lsr Neolidtc om in EFbDc rhe Nar &51 od Afrie ft dtduilordv M.dih@ snd vhdt @ddcYbwrd 6qch9@hdv os i3 cwoeipial,mu$lv i;uAd rM .did Fpubbos' Tnea$d DiMichownodidof . Isst!!s fr@ BmM. As ds in MGoDtuiqmd Lk CoDd A* -buitb in CFni! &Edd abofr rodd a.c,

_Ekn th4 DiiGG lE r

ninonry. Fn!@u ol rhr( plmmrbly Dnkic ,*uur 6k b.m trrcrnhcd h sirnh

B.U L.Ler bnbE vid. in Bddi., Atrlb,,G.mdr md th. Adri{ic AIF r hnn&ld DrnoE dv b. ftiblrd i. dL Bbm &..jT.nb rim md esve fdid. idd6r.ldour qdion dD-r rh* tsoDh wE rd!ffi

_f!m th. M M.diE@

Dli@ th. whor. ncsr b!i@ ol lrmFih(F;! brr d. dh. wh.d rh6c di.otici!co d hrv. 6!a Dhctsth. b.ei']@-of ilreBid. Ag. Eri thd th. id;tgM--ts @ld

ncdlv hodomff ;.dfri.d.ToJry the bininc ;;cohdm Li6 in th.

Adritic Alq vith r s.ll6 nucLs id ih.CdFrhirs, Aurhor vho pnblirh.n b.l@l92i !.L ihr tllc !.ry edd- Mdd 6. loudid ronhd Alhsiq lde tb. @6iy ww d .nd qF4 th. loel De.[ the ndrxchtic in EjbD., sd b.c6!i d'. s.I si*of nl)lfunai :tsdy eGEd in S.rtuiso iddioFn. Ghdi. $mcd dE tuscehc. in shich 6 s;dv dE Dinrric @hhifrths b @xy , eebEir (:) b dddib. ind.bil rhc DiRii ilTq rnd (b) b.ipl.in

'cMod.m biol@ of6 .t l.s 7 drdG

stuch worJd dillin Ditrcizrtion.1. Th. Htbriilidifu Th.a4. A qrtliB-

rio! of d.nimts in a crc b*.!n 2 @tsielv di6.ft Dodl6ric o.. IdE h-ad.dmd iEN f:el in. orh; mond h;d.d lndbbrd faed, r dt drot lB4 brmd he4hish h.rd, bFrd for.hRd. @ j,q ldi8fre lonp n@ rffi Dls-:n tlle |lEddinri oed tlEir oppsiE ndb.b, ddbrcoghr bBethd, e Dilinc fom might F

2. Tbt hobriwt Thedr. As D.ln}'^-sLTr ooints oui nd s.dcis row hou tt {mlhiid Ek lLe !.n brlltc U Ditui-cEqion ! o.ioluridn:ry i'r6c.6., tha onlym. s.!. ; iNolRd, 10 d@mirc thie v.sst-sdy ti. neclrnic of rh. DiMc h.rdmd fr€ loh, ftfrhmo$, if t}'is it m.,

'tu 6q rry dm*d by tsu3t4 res id

Dindic Europ.ltr sho'id no! dif.! lrmDrh& Eurcp.?iq or DindcAfleGnInd Grnm orh; A'nljmrnaftd tetu6, $cn 5 5Li4 htr, md eYecoloi. hair loq hdr diseibnnon, .n

In iTn. i2c oI Eurots," I Doined outrh* rllov.i knbn lhpi dficnft PoPUL-don h:d bm €xpsi.nchg 3 rtddY ct

'nrh€ c!ph:I. mderlrom rbour ntu dih c.ntory

^D;wrd. I :tuibued dris to the slu-

eenc€ or z.n.m d.m€n6 dtrilcd ftom Prc-_N.olilhic-@oll:uoB As i:m.R,nd hdd!

n.n E';J;t d Euopq th. hsM x'dlrh.r;n virhdrw ro ihe forsb dd nom_;,iN. x'6rur1v rhe h(s ser dinihied dr rociJlLy 5obni.4td dcmhr ii rhe gcnrnlDoDuhtion The hi$oric in.R{. o bmchyixihdv u6

'hr du( o thc iekcn{.nlu. or

rh;r n;rti.ulr he,d ron $ thcn u0nqusoEkilhJih(rehs oil,b $ror q.a*kc..c y

Weitldlcich_hd rc. ly eken th. P6irionrhr bnchl.ephrltzbo, is, ProgLs'!e €vGludonn :ED. H. .hims L\r n Produ6 rE@ diicci! conein tor tn. br;in th:n 1lons. ndrow sknll; th.t

' rcund hced b bst

$iid lor th. ftqunem€ns of rh! ad Pc_hE.' wh.rhd

'ir not this thdis is mech,n

icany corec! w.idd.ich hr don. 1sfliccrlnd nq hf supPonm lhe msnirat concu

'or rhr-,rcocrn bnuhvcphrlv i5 cnd.nic

,nd nor oI i...nt ddnrdon fdit ofttr conri...6. Tn* in .n nob&d populdon n myho doninmt is orc or our Pid.nt subjccb or

ThiDr$cni frern , !ui.d for such rnodr ih. lrnd of th. Eibsl Ghqs i5 : ,Ts Iouirry. lidh ,norc thr rr00 mird 5qu.Ib Dd'n,rion prdb$lv ns o rbour,ro'000of ;ftn eo.ooi0 r,r 6c c:tholi6 rd I d0,000Mcl.ris.r In 1910 ie vr. rold th* th€ pop_ulrion dr i{ndns ur $our ll,oo0 .ll Cdllolic, lhn of Prka rdom. oI whom 3000 w.ftMo;bm md 6000 C.tltoli6 Tns. 6su*s se

hln 'd4'h 'ktr@JInihdPrq. i .J66

&ia Ho(*{. ! mEh 6c h'Lei Fiq {d

Drob.6lY t o lov. Tn. r9r7 (ffG !.Poedi,aat-mMB io arbxnir: th? rero -IiIs

isd th; f@re to r,00r, r rt ol wnm 104,134v.c c:th6lic. Th. t9r0 ans 31vd rbcNpubnon d.triry for Albdi. a r6t P.iioLlft llnom€F. or ro, Ds squ* milt Tb€n:unrM ch!. couno: ncdv d,v'd.d d@I @vr.6 a;thout Rgrd d dbn bound*il vs eid b nrv! 100 iihbitmb Pdqu.E nile in Djbn provincq 7J in sodioiovince dd 6,t in KNvo Drovinc'' In lerdthehnd ft. of Albrni.va t0,600squrrc niLx. Widr r popuii@. or l,oor,r2arlic dsiw M ths ta pd squrt nilc, notror. Ir w; $bdd 3 froin ac1 ol th. othd,qAUA, v. obed tI. Jousins.om.dcD,bn a sduL o?. Ko$ovF 6 Thi! crbc .heck.d hy hds of ih. Ctholic 6g]16Of rhe ro4,oob Crtholic t Lst 14,m0 It j'.itis, l..vinE no norc rhm 90,000 on dib{lhnd!. Tribd l.nds.xclEiv.lv C{Mlic .ovdd. I2lt quae njl6i rhose @cupied by Carb-olics dd Moslems ogeher $out 44o squue

'rn4- Tns 14J0 squc nil.s 6,y be con-

ridq.d carholic couirry, {d viih . FoPUI._don .f 4 om rhis Yiel& 6, Esm Dd s0@

'nil.. lhich ,c.od wirh $a corFded c;nsu'

6nre Sbt iq: poinrbrtun d,e DibE:ndLNo"o hNE M obrm.bo't ?0 Ps sqs-.nik for [l6hm hndi, trhich co\er :bour,r00 {usr mild. Th6li. d5 r Populion orrbour i60.oo0 on. huii,cd rdniry Plus o0.quds2t0 H€nrt our6nm{. ol: bul Ch.g

Ou .dia of 'Bdr

I 100 mm mY EPGenton. sr ent of thi dutt mL 0 d, ; li4.$m;1., conwd 6 othd.,tional sflels orsd drui l l rss dnsn l rdm r l lu ibd rdhbn.vrG Drft ofcrch tr$e. it n!l!d$chiefelds. Fid;m6. frmen, wl* dh'6 ihd.dq l,ti,i rnd j. sho{ 3 cmplorc .rcs s{-oon orrl. popuhnon both rcS'ocnLy in nonr$c. rndltr qnd rc difi(driraotr b*.don rk md occuprtio. lve did not n€N&

m Mu!m. rN d4{n,I i,F{. qu d,j.( @

.^rb1s4 Dr; /"", Jui! r, Fr, Ior c6$

mu&i! eo vio id c@€ doM to thccitiq Ye wEt nb the nombiG ,nd n6-

B6idr th. dthrcpom.Ei. d.E jB.jf fthr!. &k.n rm! mitl! io ddsib. rnd dn-cN rh. mdrd dd scirl .nrt@.nb inwhicn or sbieu liv.d. Thn n:dhl i! 6*biirl fd ou ltudy 6 th€ m@rc'mErd .hqfl{i.a .n th. lrm th.melB, Itnot orly d€s.rib6 ihe DhFia-.hdiel irnu-trs t6I ber on nh. iFaq q,nnq blr,ko d6sruid ih.ir !Fk6 oi nidng, vhichr. of Drin. imodne rc swd. inc*din a@Ac rb['E Fufthemior., dd r v.sdll $€ thl5 is ,bo or e''urery npomnk, hF€t d1. c'i6Ely ionhjled *chri.:liotu€ncG which litanlly "sh.p. ou ards';dr @nnbrs ot udl6q b'bia

'hiL th.n

!s{ts c siil Dlsdc. dd-vhich ih. A]b,nidnNcjn .q ii:t oth.r F.pl€s in souh6-€m [@F md 6cd Aria 6ploy,

tD !h. foloMc chiDs re ;hlil nd rEkmDr b coE! eGry deEil ot Ghq olilia-noi: This s Dor. tiorL of €drnogsphy, bnone of sMd@, w. r. iitEi€d in them.ir oldim of 6; cde s

' vhdl. md odrv

i! rhE debils rbn b.d spcciiely d orirEob,o, qbarthtGha'ndhdidA eyicquiE tun p€.nr miomiol chmdn-

On. Iunh( rt of d€fniti@ is ..cNly:b Dhc.e gmDG .n rh. scd. of tio.. IndGiribing my olt{r., rh. ainognpher hst

lc6+Plc4dG@''q,, 'dlddP|!€i

si his sc.r. it sod sFciic Doidi ir ri*, AIcdtrc cb@.. .ithd n cdrDlqiN d mE-ty iD d.Djr, ;d do !hs. ,ihjcn Doe. d.md dowly siry dNgh in : Is y.,6 bm,L. n\is tu nt@ Such g scific iimlofls s exed rh. .rhiqnphic pluot."t

Foi ih. bre dI itu ndv rhr .d,rfrrDhic DdHi should b. the ;mc bllwifi..dft i'r wbich !h. ftjonry of ou dlcFd.Eic $bi6 vo. concciEd ,nd th.t.rvhich tnry li.d Mhed !dul( Dhvsiel flm.Tbs bodi htrdtry rnd Nnci;.nt vil b.giv.n dnc .totior, Th. r0r3 nm in ru$i6 nng€d f'm 13 )6 of rg. b shiliry,$iti ih. grn m:iodry b.dm :J :nd 49.ThlllrmlBlo.+)ts. W. did oor m€lry-ins n 1929-30. Th. nm d* of biril' {s!h!, lscq vftn . nnqe of fod 1360 or du.rbr9rr.1f w. rdd 20 vs tor dr naMrioneees dr! mge riH from lhot 1330 to th.a*. of ndsnfis, vitl ib rd 4 lelo.

Ou .dn@Dhic rd.nr b rfiscf@ tdc b.nd 2 di.:ila ddq com.ndred r lhepdiod Isco-roio, At thh in. rh. momeindthrl :'E of Gh@L foded. lile the Grot Albhia pm of the Tu rish Empire zdddE hmic .tc of fnilv f€nds md iimibrlwrtu M-h ftll siiq. In th. cDltul d-scriDoo6 sikn in chr;tu , on Tannol-osirnd oiDprtid ilmush 6, Riturl Ufq"

*is lPecGd w hrE relm. d y to tti;

' (sdPdd {d trhdd noDebdIo4u@Picdd.

LAND Of THE HIGHLAND GHEGS.-r1HE FDL who f.rm d. ohi.ct of tl tI mdi ;e the nomEin(a ;ho i.h$E

ihc Din dc nouEin ci.n d .ithE sid. ofde EorF s bv dE ri6 Ddn @ iE %yf@-rhi Ssbiri DLr o dr A&irdc Md!oI their couEa [as icid. the Fliticd bomd-

'd6 of Albria blr ffi oI ii hr. bel@.d

D Y@o6hvi f;r tlle Dd n\ird oI . @|;ry.Th.y-sF,I dr nonriem of thr 2 Albinirl{siaa, or dirlE6,r Gh.q, Thly c norhofoir. thr o.lv Gh.s $a!6. Thd ri,oshd s *€li 6 Aefurnd ch6 Th.olBdr ndv mdFm 6dv t. liii Theido, vhy ;hcv w.& 3rlciany chM is n\.ttnly sriil pi€8i64 i! 19i29,I tul dtu.l r Ed

EuoF. Ttu b^ om siDsl dmhi4. rul6.f DriJ.Rntid nr@ G d.6niu da @ sdloh.i.ftd. W. LTori dd ooly vho mdj6

sytu hs b.s dods oo ror Iruy g.n.E-tiG, For : sdy of hlffi sd.ii6 disrcid nG obom rdnMgt,

Lh. H'gMd Gbe8s *ho rom be obJftol ou lnvdtiErdon 6d@!.d F r0 ob6.[lown m 6sui r. The ri ltGlsir. M'dhqDdcsia ftlsi'. JTLTTE! Hd, Lrh+ ?ula

^tird,a Zi&in4 [rri. rd Dihn. B.fon

r9tJ rU of th. Eibe, deor Dukaq vnichooq buch Yuschua qdd€d r &tuin dFtu6 irto th. pc.rt tultory of ib* com-ft, o1r M 6a th. noldm 6orda ti. oE-I{, & r'old m. lM6y.r.h. MonFoecrin3oc rdsir ddc.nt frcm Albmid frniltd,md m in& .vrry sg. of ljnelisdc md

uiE. Jc.ofrh of S.udi, hov.ve. w.ftlluuy Albuim vilrss v.e hdd.d od b&r6ir rftc! th. ad6n ltd. md thii oedhdh .cdonic rld politidl dir6. Fdh.r161 frdn Pei. @ Dbr:, ih. honndrry M-

I ouui6 rt tnr iin. em rhe YoEdLq rnor n\r lRn-sic pditjrdrnd

'U of rle msket

d!6iiElv {ktu dlv e dGdv rfrrcd rull,,sd dd;q d @q hqirs. Ed in i@@; bcd

6vns rlong th. SerbGAl6rid bord.r vhids.d s u .cfromic ddd for both D.oDl6

Thb .thnic bordd is lr frm cfard,Scv.r:l vhol. eibd of Gh@ lirc on tnrKosdo DLir rllru wltn eilLc of S.rbdTh. udbE of d* l,owld; chs ni-geEd rnc i! th. dft of rhc Tu[s, .6r rncd.Id ol tlk Trr D6hd 1rs. dbbc.dGhlE m Dmb,slv d.sdd.d lrm thahiqh-Irnd-Eiba but n vould Ek much wdf@eblih th.n dd r.LiiochiF. W. reunrSL to fts@ no& .b! if.w ol thm.ud th.refor. strl nor oGidd rhm in thi!

Tik tdl,nd Gheg: of Albd., who{u!Iv .ludd tu elid omw rh. oeEi fm- ,h"

-a,l -h; .6.;"d b rhc

A'dridic ud louthwiib the riv.. Shtmbithe hdftidrl fmddd 6!M€t Ghqnh rdTdldia Mdy or 1hc T6ts ar; GeejiOnhodd Chrnni,6. Th. Gh.ss vho

'ECni6&s e Rmd c.tnouc, The tujdrirtoI both divisiotr is Mo6ld, The nN solidlyMdd pan of Albni, tr tle c.nE ] q1oD.in bor, Gb@ir rnd T6ldq whd th. hnd-5c,F a rha l€4t l:W.d. Both b@d5 ofchiKi,nis liv.il lhro;h rbr rullGh @im(nd suea{uly in d€ moMi6is. |li $.$frh, h6id. n\c -f6b r. thodld! orWrchs-ih.Dh.d5 sFting Rurunn * th.nudr tonrr{d bdcG. The EpibE bor-d..ldd ciG rLrdsh {i@ whd;GFr,. mdAlbDih vilila ;ELD. qEinc uoubL

Thmusho; Arbrni{ @ 6ntrs odF oruon.drc_sli4 liviry by th.t rditionrlhd6 of;:il v{LiDr lonu}Ruira hos+ndrg, e In dtr ldd cid€ thm i dmlE

*;;"j; pdiftts. rn ln. chcs@sy. h@.r. $s L do mm rd ryF/

I *i .. h."rd or ir.E v.- ";i;fi

i"dj"id',Iin Bi6l, sd dd[.r in KtrL6,-6orfi in th.

or & ,ffi ch* d-l; i{h. h !h. oq ot'

Th. aursy of ih. Highlnd Gh€! i3dtirdv ndn'hoB. Nlhouh m th. mrei6l.nldr r 7t mil6 @d iE sidth tt, thddimdd fln b @vcy rhc v*icrl dimc.ft. 6ils go up ud down .nd aI .rlm4dinbina siria. rd Mi@. Id ]9t9 irbol Jl6. 6 ;o n\. le@dof ti. chehishlan& bi rniEbl. m4;f Nv.l * it di:i@ @ tha Urikd Shtd by nn. To r Al-hdid, Shdr is 6 fr fFn Dtbn a, b dAndic.r\ s:n Frcio is tlm 3l)@

A. ' : 'nuqruFdoEdE8bubegd

eq. Hhs ti4dcR@6r)t 5 t6tu!bi4 dEot6. flkb. (drEs,j, Frr, pp 4r,

A conc.dhftd jMblc of sow-corcftdr:lA. ri5;@ F 700G snd 3000-fmt h.ish6'rh. n(uuis of Gh.oi: Idrbw @ !6DLsh of lttuel tr; snd vrual bur in-ri?rd Iof,i a Lnor ifi;uah vhi.ri .h. rivqDtr b{ cft : F@ jn _c

EmdRod rocn.y frcm tfie pLD ol K6o,o io rh. Adii:ricS.i, In th. v;& of $e Drin gory. rh. d!.1-

Gh(gM. Trr. 6F s rtie M;@oic thfte lhonnoiF of Mllsi. . Mdh. rnd D.6 ofDuhgir rd M.!ir. J,l@e&. Thir is I on-dnudm of rh. har. rccty ldd'ets so ch*:Ginic or Moodqd whic[ .odr ofLrL S.Ei Rrch6 dr. !e in r flclx'd .r

.i tu e. D ihplsiy. iffid ot .eot@islchrngFby.r lld bys of sdimndry r;dr!NrEd rd trph.r!€d 1L r suc ol mubL

Although dr tsEn:.c grol%y of thsdEc r.31d rm:s ro be srudid, rndsh i!lhDm of ir for od im.dht pryc I'q-G 2 shos l_ min _g.oLsrat i.g'@ in

sn ilc rni af idtcE foldi's j! liko*i&mcny uffimne, (N.rinq @ of Dul€q^rh. NL.t d M.tui sdos of Mrl5i; ;J,lova. ,nd the Bunm .nd 3.ftha ,,,4}J(r. p- ro) or Pur. In n\r clmd $ r:rd6iSmt d. mG of slu.[ n Donh of ;E Drin,g€orogicrr condinotr renhh drorfoodd h-nedhely norrh of the bordli

The ft.md 2on G m ol iene@ ruclr.conp@d mri' v of s@dnabd abbrc,:rhi! zor. c4; rll of li,tud'a nN-of Zr

i.g hru of It6, rI of Lmr rnd dE r'krem ol I\&r Thn;orphic Tnsic md Uppr Palr.@oic dFps,iq d.oly dod.d. wjlh sao sloDc rdncfr "llmrl btu, Frm rt'. J,@i,tud,poin, it lis hEnedi& b.s.€n rh; mrdt-

Thr@h rh6. no-ftin ns6. c6redoI dfft^r kjn{ts of rocb |rid do; rf up-

s?.198v "f .d{

h..vd 4 dif6t D{iodr. dow i6 z riwFDd th.ir dibu*ie" The ft ib. Dr;n ,nddr Mrri, Bv Ndyine th.n m d div.mN Ei i r r'b;vLdc ol ih. dbngtoSnPhy 6f Gh.g.i1

Es or Koirls tha & I DliE wlii. .ndSldck Th. WhiE Drin cuid of th. ftc!lrom tltt c{twd el@. ol d. !.ir d !6hr.gid in MdEd€ro. tld dos s!.hwrd@ th. Albrir bordd, sfift i rlln GiA 3hot bu sif! @ldudr flw ved.rdudd d. bridgB sd doudilll of t[. city of

Ocluid( sodb .l Gh.g Eriort. It do*enhMrd in r d.dv ffiizht lir. d'@hrh. DbE v.Iu N'tk toiT ol Bie Didnud Litde DiljE' (Pdhlspi.J. As ii 6osdonl$d tfi. !dr.y CroB ftrcp, r.d inph@ b.@m6 s Corg4 siich oFB @t 18:in

At Kulas the ? bftn.hB nd !@ rhnDont @ 6. dc of th. nE b.d b tEtiad rh. w@r ru16 dM loinine

'nd-lsF@. rhrcuPh i6 dvo!-lilla cna;l uEl irF;h6 rh; ro{lddsi wh@ ir dieidB ift ,.hdclr, o'E {os into Lr}. Sddi shichin M ddi6 inb dr sa Th. ornd noddircsdv i; tb. Adriric Ecat for th.-larfry drn6 of i6 tlgR rfi. Drir i! bo flitfor uvigltim 16 isdbiliti6 Jd hy&o-

Th!;hu riE:th. Mrti,oos nb !h.d i shd dim. sotrth of I6b. t dni6r[. dibrl ld& of M.!i, sd nd of Mirdie.It tu i! sifr Dd uMvisrbL, !n<l in tjdtuud di@ old inDGibli E lord,

TIis;!B,nd rh.ir wbhl(rs iom ih.aul bomdrie brM dib6. Dihn mdMdi flrn tfi. dEiaB of tIE Bhck Drit .rldM.ti liv4 ttsBi_v.ly: sd th. whh.d!.tu ins. iEE is ih.n h6dary-

,rlc

WLin DdG in Yu€6hvi& is tfi. bNnddy6!tun H{ .nil tr loqlrid ro}. of ?;dtia.r ir bon\ ddi6 it di'id6 rt6 fmLmrj ril in Alboj. do*, tn! ffbin dDrid dividG lls frm ?ul{l. Mdsil c Jrlovt3f.oh PDIa Ddqin from Prka dd Mrlsi. .Mdtu lrm rDl{;dd 7-rdrtma Th. nolindSmch of d. Mdi, tl'. Fa vhi.h ir ir 6dieid.d jnb rh. LjdL Frn .nd th. lis Fr,

dni6 Mirdia q(E ld dk ,r?r* oI Soath. nonhvM 6;Ed oI Bbch fom ;;of n\. Drin tu. iryfth rhti mr q63dr!. l|n6h.A h.Mm rh. Drn rd d!. I rd;i! !i. b.und.ry b.tu PuLr rnd Mndtu,Th. ddnudm of rtu vat6h.d b.tuMni rd Dibn q.in *r*c Irth.r noi[.[,lirdu fmr L6E M|Und Mdia udDibn dd Lm. 6 of dle ahcl Driq Ep,r&n by iLrJ ed96, mnMg IrE y, dr

Tfie nvs wc noE ofe. s bih:lb@dd6 djd s D!85 of ftv.I, Th.nhdls e 30 *.cD tlui thc rarls suily aoldrh. cd6 .nd .liorrd6 of thc noeuic, ontyilippilg dlM inb rh. %U.rr vh@ n ir@b.sthd. TIr& wh G sosift dir d'lv n ft il6 @ d.v bc Mv-isdn. Ar d rU rhqf 'e hdi.s6 h%l

Ii ie r n c l@ hom to .t@e|ld rhnb rfi. rvl.drdn;.D bsi., l,id5-lyi;s o di.rM dopc of psiph.nl Lnd nl,g Eeir mor nin tlr de m dk €' Th.hEhd th. nohEi6 nrd.ifu th. cm th?n;F th. nin. ch.!u dd MmiddroiN.rfi. h€vi6r frirfiil or my Mdfiturcomuis, Tl| I&inic c@ frm I:i u!b Dublovfllc &eir6 w[ oE 60 irch6 o]rsh r ysriud rI of Glqni,, baclr fEn $ccEr, gd b(M.n d0 dd {0 ifthd, witfi rh.toEl d.cEdi"g 6 ih. .a

Tl* is @t.I virtr nin, It nry nir dyhontft of the y.r, rd ill. sMffi nidfnlbuls rwhe frsh 4 b 3 irchd .roeh bFnft rhc cultiqrion of llwr by dJt f,fri&. This frft dm dla rtu Ghq hi!ftlmdjoi of rh. n"r.diM.d cllnft-d; lrl.einE nd ehich b.qic b frl in S.Dmb.r.b.coffi $ow rr d:. fikhq diibd6. O.ly inrfi! hiqhd

'r!.8 dd d th. Frlc d6 ii

Idt oni th. wi ;. n!.whd d ffiid .tso*frlt {d tll3s and6 dis Egim d u-Dh.qr 6 N* I'drnd in alv srie,' Ih. 6FEM ;Fn' Eofift j6 inr ioprior nd M.diMam ci@ nch d d* 62rnd oL;€, qhjch $on diedp.r G od. tovEthc me AI of dE qlm,4! Eeir !tu*Eu lsstc od or r{a bornd of tlr l(@svo pl.n dr climE h.mm6 cd.jMEl,

Tnc rd{l elsEti@ oI t[. Gf,{ lill md!t6 bd pen d E@ (trpLElr d; rlriol rlnni ue orhd M.ditltmau boddcounryi tb6l! o thc di&cdry of hvd 6dd@otutid Nor6 0f rfu Drin in th.liGl@a,n1 dk lsdlots k DGdy bG, dnc.rh. bl n b tln 6 $rmn r'ror TIEi8ftou !@ hwP.ri l! hovily fm4eid rl slt@&d be crtro of @Nbcch ita !m EdiE- r0 L.t in dirnlb-At d. @tu oo tll. ftrA h..qd Ai.r rdKul:.. r& nd p.s thFqh sh r fo@ehd rtt. ddi.ed h c_aodl|rE h@-i@ no|elic dbk b6 for scl! ir S@idt of d& Eidr diL. uD b.vdd 6,Lwl oI bdh; or. n*E oine lid &* l*te c of Fn si*, cq;nlh io dr to@m sinilt ;oiL h $! oiJdl. or c,E,o.

wt'itc dr;ar6 o, SluL e foEE whn ,rhc of Mrl-i A. !h. Dftt MotrdEid b rh.$uth G form. ii.rt witl' dr dif.!@@, ODlv in . f.r .hc lodr of t[. Dri!do tfi. psE d.rS! 16.r dl. N lid., O€ir dE dlt.mqbcd z@ @ d. d @fndi noE b..ch rd Did. dd .rh, bed-L.f !Fci6 sch r .ld ud dIE Er.s, eni|ctTd6 h1E bd plrnFil in Mdhm c@

At nishr bo .ecd dF !@ic .ndfo6 ol dii' rirlFdd.rd.d clmr ninhdhd r nuhs ol d@iN rirtl aiiDrrTh. lid of Hmdic d;6 t !@ but tl*bd. rf,. eor. dd dr vild tsr_tmaiD D€cl@ d 6. hich nNda 3loE .!d in drl0l*. bur tlEirhs win nor lin dtn Th.ot y\ttll biE & otdv.cMicimDtuc rh. Ei@ ,6h; of tt qed fmily,pdiclhdy

'l@us $hich t nmhd if

nouEi':6 Ep fd fu. OdF*i* th.ilw b r ouilo.a. 3itr. bgs ud sole6 *il*rl sh@ .nd ldl qfle ed tloclG *d d-lff 8u;ding by m o!

'lm ss eirl ride

rnd r uhbd of f.mci.E.tod.It b in tltis driMnr ;ticfi

'lN nav.

chacd bni linh sire Rmd dd .m..diA dDq thr dE Eibrl ch6 h!e. $-vjv.d util rh. Ddtr &q r.!ini@ r tEg!4. dd cds slrici ;rry ihm-bccL 6rbt IM fu!. alr |ud lmi!, tfi. cliE*qthr gdSn€tudl pciii@ rsy lron brinlr]@ of hvd ,rd bih.ir it or6im bndn ilc

'|mEis l;d 106 ol ch@n

dr ol r[. nd n@ion md iohEd Fliodor EooF, lt b r @; rdus .@ @mD;bkto th. Cr|lgs Dd dE ;ffi }|i lrunmhq th. Apprhcliru, sd dE @{b,

TECHNOLOGY AND OCCUPANON:TIIE ECONOMICS OF

r IABERI,aNDT. Erm N(E. 6d.r1 dn$ hdE wdM kd".dv;d

- do

En rhdr rhc mEri.l caluc A thc Gt.sn

'fuiGE.l li is not nw iMtion b &Dli-

ee d$ir vorl. Wrft I hw. b sy .biutachnoloN in 6is Dbe is uitu 1or tuputps.-6nly, to .l@i&E !h. pobhn ofillllu H.iis r nonid Alhri4 lift of:U w ah.U dditu tl'e dthsrm.dic !d6i6.U, 3ine rlEi is .IE e@. oi N infm-dd d th. ch.g ph{09'p.169 rD, Tt.

d,o@aic fd ob$wti@l lj.lrli'c tlEtoldvi@ i.fomrid for acn subid, si.lrmbd,-q dr.q phc nEsund, :E ribq,.trA. &th.d3 mfi nodr*! omi nMb.ior vie6 b.lmi'ns

_b t{n.i, tr-mh; or chil-

drd or .:.,h sd od wir., ompeiio'\ o6ed Mla eligi@ &ishiD *1th oi[{ n.db6of si6. r;d phobg;phic r.d rd fm.

Wc Ddnrd 1102 pffi. Of t[6q I0t3w rih@h bodl of vhc Fla6 h:d@c flm dk r0. aih. s Ar $bidElch EulEd t@ i!@ib.r ffii6:rnrty-ths oth6 mid b hc @;.df.i Nirc vE sm of lts fzihd rd PGdri@ aoti6, 4 w PodriM D.r. T!6.rr sd [vi@ in IIa Elrl Eibry. d rh.Y@chv dd.-of rhe bdrdd- P.drn;1is mofir. Albdj ti66 lieEd m tn Dhin ofK6ow, *doll in Y{g6l.i Mi6iy. No

AN ISOI,ATED SOCI TY

inturiaF v.F Ecord.d b.sr Po-drim @fu ud Hi dib.*n frm drAlbani.ir sid. of dr ho.dd-

Th. 20 oth6 'm

oDbidh ir Alhoiu-en@l|d Ghd uibdl @riw, Sit@ @crBm dE le; Ddar 6mi or ai! Dibh(Dibn . Mrdf,. b rh( Albania D.b; b r[.s.rhs) in Ya6hei( phich (jdiE r niradpoDui'lon oT Atbuiu, Sqb( ud

' fs

'rult oID M . Ssbid{sLie M6kdfrd ih. .li6 di,r of (* vhi.rl folspd of di. dibr of Llmr hii bm by .liot td.d dl. bordd. Arotlu wa a Andiufroh rh. llm of l*@ Two oth.6 @?froh idid. Gf,.snir bni mid. rt. EihdqTbrt-fm rsj. rftr Erbe!, cI.c

Ti6. 20 'lE

ve rl 6l:i.@tion iDniEm6 Th.E M ro olds i@don !l.dl;n, I .*or.d * ot d.n-sq

-d d,-

thii Fftolt imi@id hrd h.d m .fdm ain !did. all oil ri.( qEE sEcidiG in!m. Lind of i.ch.olw. Theqfi thr *!dvor th. d.b d omDrddB eiRn ii d Ebdi-tis * s dih'E tn.-ed situriod of

ln id-ei6 of llot nd ,6 ocduriGt@ lil6d. :ft* n.t' b. gldtrd]nb 7

pol! ddq Doldol dd Fli{ioE Tkir dn-i'iburior Mirn8 dl. t0 dibdrnd 44 "orh!'J

Xdti@ Of th. 910 lm s lis4 926re fdce l rh.Dncd! m c sa{icr@.Th. Mddd;d hA m;b.D[dd @ r@Llln th. othd tb.Df,dd I'om MirdiEfriqfi-tv. er 6t 'of sll bbbimG ofG[ai'i! Dinr.d c ftrna3, s Fr @r orrn Eibdo.

Pr,..{itt: T$dft omstjN r' edudd Dn.;m, chrorr bnnB, bi,crsnitl!dnf,$. @i.c, sddls, b'trn Eilu.ho.nE!er. biehrr, br!d, coo\ rd Pcry

Th. 2 chdco bljffi, n\. sit[, dd thc4ru wd Mndn6, ft.ir odlaiime nuruIy d.Ddd@L Ai r rui. tm good5r mFrDA, u4 disEibd.d hY n lchdB irrh. @ir. Ar. hddl e.kLd, billhools, mdodtd oo& oI feiliu k@ AgE shlPs GDFd@d by mfM in n\. I'JBg m6'iuch { scuiti fd the noubin Bde Minorm.Enqv t 6urXY d;rd oi bY ClFia

Irr 6ihcr @iili5E I'x bo ! difd.ntcle Nd. @ nouhjn nd\ dccPt d.ool sd m b.lcr, 6od.| uriv6 of M.ti, Phowo &i in rh. n w pEf.l@ hddqetr6bblirh.d d BeU iithjn Mni tcfiiiorv, bvxi.S %g. Th.y vft thm hc]u of d'.nnIG oI ih. Ee Fd sorMrir od h.m;Min hbs N.,ths of if,s. nh h:d

Jh. d&;nith, ih. eddl.i, Dd dk hm.rw.F dtie6 of P6hkoPq th. P-inciPrr l.hof D$e Of rfi. , Enou id !b!i dva orcM a uiivq m hld €d. from tig DbD,{d dE thid from Jrl@ Th.bs.bd, daof th. 2 h&.q rd rh. oot

'Nd in

?6hltru wE aiz Djbm M fi. P$EYcoo[ ;orlad i! xitei in l-s:. Thit l.icll hdi6 r1r* lln,I d. tlm C@1jrnil ieiohborE v L!6 in tra vilhin wlk'inr d;tr. of-P&l;. Bdriig is their uadi-adnrl hd.dw odo:dc Thry ffd thennou flm dr tmbjlls ol P;d ,nd $[!h.ir bEd in t64 ci*. Mrnv of tl'd. IIdtb,I6 miEnE b dinint ciia to tud.. MiAnihmv SEla oE sid., &ld d dtloFot th. U, S. sm D.iEtrdr b.gr tif. 6oi. of rf,6e b.L.ft 6 i boy h. gut b s_cinnrti6wodrn' brk ry.

Ii d h.3d th4 virfiit Gh.g Eihrl d-;bd otGire ccho4G 4 Pncedrln;r;rcl6i(li in tfie ieh borierlrndr

P6tnlDir hs @M rpidlY brec tb. inb'n*i@,] bou&ry ffi;ris,m or rol j cut odihc Dibn nll]Mir.rts fm th.n mturilDul.c bm oI Biq DibE Hdc. noy oiin BiE Dibe IM nov.d b !6hIoE Phichis rN-iNd. dbrn. lj the sme qiy Pria..*s dt oC fton th. Llm @Dle who bdlrup Ko!6r J:Ion irom the MiIi! c l.kord!ni4 who ilro e o Xule On dr vdrcmsd. no lmf, diinbtr. ha nld Dhcs Sd-.i4 16I\ md xnF Ne. s roi crtui6Fati tr. s rur.r toffi ic ft mMM

Sai,.r: Or y 12 nm m libd udd.wicd" Tvo of dE! d imh.p.$, Oe& r Ptrb @ hN ar Rrtr hn uEe. Dlrc..Thc oiher n d ocids, rxdi! nla ,th@

s@iru. in inr*eDins. dd id thc h(vi&y ofOmflD Doq michi b. foud rI 6E dETuknh EhDie includi@ Ari

^4i.or, me

6rti.ir mrrr_in Kflja dI do ror mk with ih.popul.tios in the ftCi.tu i" vhich th.y do

Koplil m4 vbG shop m prumrbly insfliri. s Lw na 6d a Mriii: r lrloeE;m4 vilh 3hoE itr Ktrl!8, Th. hdrbd M .M ir . l:Loia n q ulids in XuLB. Of!h. z wiRB o. v5 r lmrl lrn *Fi@ th.lsdffi i. ih.n dffi :i ftrla ih. otfid rBis Dibd nen eoriinc in rhc hoEl in Psh-kopia : ns iJrd d;. Of rhc I liftd s$m6,.Ifte loeL ole svld rb. pEf.4dd .norhd dr h.chd ir tlr lw govo-n nt cdd;d Bur.t- Th. dnd vnlcd for

OI rh. tl !.rrc" lFin6.I6 bc reffEd fd s , Gd! oJ-dn politisl

rr,r$d: Tropofrtion n Gheni. inr9r9 nerdr bu! d. rhine rh. wicd dlAr,str, ttos. im.diht i6wh hoFdrft.swbo vould E*. ,u .nd yN grods my.-

me yotr vd; n drt ndry. ThF oor of 4ffc from DibB md on. fm Md!i. .J.kove. Ar fd s I h1@, ,I iirqi', Iik. !I

7rrl4 AI ndidu in rlE nomEin co!n-44shoDL..ffi,dEFetuUE. qcorp|:i cotr;Eirl in;mioE ot tE rl ,hoF

fEc

PREFACE

'TattE d'E m ah,.h ttu sody is ba.d'f vd. ftft4d in ndh.m Alb,trb du-

'os rhe hil umd. $d spring or Jeralo.

FMdi 9ft @vid.d by dr NnioDrl R6dhComil of Wshhdo. D C., dd MnFftDc Drckl sm't[ of Colondo Spdng\

Nltioml R*rch CNc4 who$ Fdlov I!!5 p:id ny ebry for dr y.r, n qeu s thedpffis of sBiinisl rmltrt sd rPiog. OnApil7, rol), th. r@ns pcrnad o th.Nrdorol Rc.mh Coond, rhjch :ppro,.dir It wa also subnind tq and rpprcv.d by,dr. rh.n Albdim qoEmnar, O$inq to .Dnmbdof rcr6 DiubLolon pd poqonediwiib ih. @doN_h.lo df r Emi froi:n th?lvnM F;d snd J, Hl clsk 8_!quar oi Huv{d u.iy€niiy, ind of rorid lon th. \'l}-ino Fud. I vi6 rbl. o dDlov rd e6Enrr-rds to h.lp ne $idi r'(mpkE Evnion. ahI wisim h nov 6nbhed.

Thc pc6dn.l of ihc r9r9-Jo dp.nition in-crnd.4 b6id. mrsr, ME. Sbnl.y S.ldcn(th!n Ma Coon)r Mr F&ddcl E i,l*wnll nov r U. S FoEiEn SeFic! OficdtM.. Anthmy Sd.s, B finbd of tn. U, SComhE sirtr { Tlmr: dd Mi sbvEFush{i Wc v.n lzcniEted in our vork by

ci,rCld':SriB ir rh.-U._S l€gRtim in

U. s' Minitu 6 Y@shrir: Mi, Prul d.Mileth6 U. S. Cosul i Tinr4 rd i{r, J@phSl'ntrck ! Irmbs of hii sf. Ms. I(ttaRDI Fico, ed Xh.li Frshdi, of itu .nEvhile Alho6 Ad.nh.nr, llt Endded uri4 s did d'. Bftjsh oncB in ch:rgc of th.

absin e.nd'nBi.. inchdins G.drlPmy. rnd Colon.ls SdrlinR irlEn\ rdGl.Bg. .FLd ir nor ben fd th.n gd&m6v. tugnr nor h:v. $cc..d.d.

Duinq ih. dbv y.f whjch h:v!.hF.dsc. ttui i()nry I hrve reiv.d hdD flmnmy qurlM. Atu !6.qbL Mis M. X-Dul2ri wmr o. wblbL dvi.. dd inforoetion, ME, M.lgr.i r]dlucl{, .n rthoriryod ihi.gs Albmid. did dir $nq rnd dorinAWodd Wr II. I lud th. DL,su oI €nf.rings'ii btr *v.r:i drc ii Cro sd dEwinion hd *lminslv |nnid6 fud of infom*ion,

Th. hnl i.;od oI rviio! {s ndtcdby ih. F.du h.lp o(. nlnbq oi Albsnhdrri.nd5-r Amms.-BbhoD !m Nolj ft'd rh.nnr.nd .igbth sctios od ftd. ody colncioGt hc rl.o helpd *fth n* i.fomrtidt]n byd rnd rbh h.lp.i Mr. Gdim tuirity,h* .1w.8 b6 rady @ @tu @ mv Nin-lrca In the Ek ot indnnq Ts!.5 of so8.n.dtioN in rh. Bcroo n.Ehbodoo4 MJ.Peiry q ioind by mt old frimd Miter Ptud d IG f.ths. Mi DniriPtuo4 bod ol Sondinq Mechlls,4d br mmy oths, Mr Sbno Sk ndi ofN€v YorL giv. n. irton.tion ,nd dvie m

Drid d€ H:rpoE ul Dr, Witlim lqghE,

Jis mddonrd. fo6, lrrnhl Dici dii th.cdohdre Dd Mirc duiru tnt hc Biod.s M6 c;M#w;odbut did @ly vod.crd6 trlirt ny wiL, Li51 D. Cooq dr*the m:6 rnd 6ruix. Dr. Smlry Gh hdo€dm. ua.Mnithe mchrnic ;I bidnq. ;dDi lti iD J. Gdna 6 dw)a, gire m

Id.D.s mffi4 rs wa itr r6riroDir Oftusq I *r too!, &d t aiE Dib; i'micfl6 Sr sh@b.Dd wE- n.{&.d Dkdcs, :u l,hLsd . fi.ovi! D.nr ? ir Bjei. Ittr, ril4q wG 106l Oe Mrrla . jllo€s nn 9s @d h hi, oM sl'd inKols.q

' loel iM, Thc 2J oft or ih: t

,hopl€.p.s 6. fm dr .r!h hor.l.r-&rili from bir toB or r[eir mipb]orlbod.Tn! situdm i r[. sfi. d rith th; cifshd

' Foilhopter;Bamir: z cfrmMdsir. Mdhq ift ittft tG si@ in S.n@i rl'.

. .orlEr rt hom. oi ih. odri z, d. ir r tool,idtu12,6.othdrloslinMndid Tll.Mir,di! m4 tr6o hs tn. only shop itr dBt htq.Lin.d ti{ hi, frtfi* Ri d ltEUiD o6s

.eno b.p{ hiD dui@ Wodd W& l, thi!tuld Blv. him i nfi-mun pciiblc lgt of r+

.trs * rhr dne of me:trins. H. a5 *

'. TEcENoLocr, a p,EvtEwFim th( fokeoinc a0dv of dR no!-

e@loercd d:d_ou;ccd ; ou $ri.\ rndt'm whn n m.nlly lTom oI rh. mEirl.rlM or rh; Ghr6, k 6 mk ! bri.fItrbbrry, k .p- g in mjnd dm)T or mritrturP6.i b d.tu o. .cd@mK tu6 E

,g!1. c'iMd sjMtion witl'itr which dE Gnes

llr ctrEiE bot5 E of ircn. Tt.v renud.be,bLcr6hi-tb m dr Mk.r @Mi h wNch d;

-Fh6 do 6.i( 6dine ln Sdri. fd ff-

;rjq &G is r Pholt q;rd ddo to srirk,)Ird if M of vhon * Pwi6 w'fthil'ms bd @q . srn Mvil. rild r Fi. otSe.pup brlGs d€y foJs. rrny dlof rha

@1. rI of d* imshhdb dr of dd. ircan t uiiL.ly .h1r tla tul rdnhA lik .n @']l@Ed

in Midie do muh @ thdhoEhcira No on in Alhmir H n,I.sEd imDLiots, Nor o.lv $. mrbrid. htrth. finnlr.d nDplds t6.rs.lvs, D;t b.npotud,:!d hioe ih.y n dp.niv., Th*n vhysw rod.n{6 k ffain dr m6-DiB, whd :j,n6t rh. only Gl Fols s.n:r 6ta_srtn fd 3hlpdiig non dls dd

ThL dllu ih. qimirie. uM ol ch@*EdsdLi@. Md wood.. obid vhicErquiE q€a;]bo,! or rl{ r! r b;@hr h th.tu;Ler @m, Hft I Linds of sodedllrospdirti!6 qEy 6 tbdr cEf6: ih. eopdillljrm, ,nd ioin.E. :rhc @oFa nrte dbsrnd brcl.6 for liEhd 6.. rcltrdi@ drtu.b@ tuliE, ud esk rd mi@ d-rh lhandid or rich the m n:dt E ;.r tud.Th. Mn tub oui on hi3 bth. drioc rctor lootr, b br $ uD l4{: bobbi4. smts.nd.q windq.nd !n!ot fm6. Th. iiimproviit rh! Doubir;m vitf, $lid, dturdydentd ch* of pi@ *m4 s k! ;ddl6 ir vhic! 6 @y i[.ir b|bi6. ofwhici nd. hbr

:fte Chq .t honc in fiis emdiB ir .jrd-ofr!-drd6. rlc my ror 6..bL btfuufrcM tA. lrlcid d,i.6 lii.it abM.bur hc cm &!zr our b.m for hi5 ici ptrrog.thd r bw Plough dairlg rfit w'rErmotu whh rhs. i5 lirL ror* our of dooqor build m ol his t6ive chdn. !rcfNiotul(:@n6 rR 8..

'id\ourh some n.n D*

slDFnd.jJlj | l-thi 'f i--dh..L Gh.oh. 6 in nG of dr! Dlinitire

krld lddvn @ dd&polqs, ir is rh. cbm nor 6 l€r tud g. o'jq foi ir ir hld b ffirtuvoc, Sotutind r hoN.iold.r wiu Mltwml niles @ borow r Etoains @rL f6m rneisbbor. h 1929 {d 19r-0 noi;f rh! ch!6w.E nrld4 tu with dint {d n.d or sr-thold-I6hid.-d dry-eicL ti{ht d Ths did dinllvlv. rnd id niv Dl*ie ..lv whd drv

-"ld Mb..o;,;*"h rio*;.. Kip zoi

hd $ld tlr n,Eh nonopoly o rn. S+dsnDfth l@ which hi t oilDrly !d I dic.or t eoE a bd on @i, Mr;ll;s. Th.liehd r the sm dhi Profiibikd tfi. R of 6fli

rtPn.PMP o.troq tuy roJg. rdy d d rdr1EQd olt.d n..d.d bv rlE nolioi@ inir6.n fsini,., hddine'll:nxl@ rnd ho6F{lbld orps;/. fitnd{r ;dl dvih.ho-

ui&, qs, d,q hh6 Dloushshd,i hq @th.d sicu6 bilnooL! b@

dou hirg6, hoshoa h@ hobbl6r'i bit, fEM6. mdnm. Eieoda [.htsnclE, rod prc5$ly orfi{ dict6 e6ich

xF..i'*;;;,i;-; r-fr rrkr G no 5m.lii@ n d. n ichborhod orire5@i. Th. non w'i'ch d'. sniirls c i! .ll*F5@i. Th. non w'i,,ch d,. sdids c i! .rrl!E3P;cd. arihough (iry bh.-kni s d

. :FuH'brbdr( Nqr'1 d EiG. ft k F.flor or di i! o e r@d n Hrebdq ur, p. {

.nd sel d 0.h6, Thir Lft tft. nombiF6 jn d s.ivnbb Fiiid-.lq @td not

'trord nrmh6 M Li.!v ff 6i6 bv orhd

m.G ouEd. tfi. ;r!rr tM. h;w.vd.thlir ila.l dioa Eed

'uodedsd.nl rs[did'6 Fric!&dy Notahrc.ddd.d lll.furt;6 qrh D;fth Afbr-i$ hos. ryF. Tn* e u$.!y dividc4 mth. h6it df Elrud plq mm rlfugddq

siDol! or+ftdld hud @rlte ahDld.d inft'ffi dnv bv 5h.;h.rdi :r hiih ;mu-bin p.!@r im'm.d. oMori; hoEi

rf,.6nnyr tlE ${Ld vlddr hoB€. sth. v@d.ir f@t D@h 6a mlula mini-d of rh. Ilm;ric hrl; .dd fnrUy ih! k r,d d.f6ibh soEhold (6e 3, ,).

T'E r omcd idF. 66 s hr h*k nr.5. nouDiE, ,ldioqh hiuictly ih. nmcmpLehd tudnr; h2r mdi tb* .ni-fi6'w. Th. ltfu& hous., :lth.ogh oldin dE M.dikru.4 q* rDFdly ba torh dn at@ e. b.i@ li'iad Pitl' Ltn.T1. A!U,, or;Eupriold, i;d b hs. conr rh. s:m iin. c tr v.nndl hdE. ldnft&h.d IGtuti ud shrh.hd rstq b.ingidrndrc.d hy m rm {ho bd liv.d in

For 6dldirg fti.li,t th. Gies ft sEicdylihiEd o loal hppli6, siG Frsp@ii@i5 e di6cDll l. diJrntd d6imbd;n 6!u, s !4ni& NzhI;4' ttu'M. ii hii bor, $dlmied-fd 6ft o'ry seDt i!th. hdri! oI @.6 F!th.mi&, lnru isfond in fs DLG otrly, rd h G NrUy in-Dcibl. 0 ruh mou wid@t

'llry EdioB

iriE *ith Bck-hlr]s d donus,' In thi.Eiim nhi.f ih. hos6 d nd. or sood,with {led l@ Lid m 4h dh.r rnd hdd

'n Dld bv v.toal r diaonn @i.c,

Otlirs a md. of qnr.: vdiel pol; ,id.by !id., viri idibL *tr& wFn in dd drb.lw ihm At tim* lnis wrlirE ir b4.bur llRuy n b 6hrd wi.i @; sd of

ltift ihm t er.iry of dDbl. !6n. ddlih.. rh6. ndiils ;. cd. Ttu simrt.r,pooE hoEd ft ol dly rd@ry, btritlr.nriodry gre bdr wftn nod. Rd6ne ntBi:l v;ri6 tron th,rh E ,hrL6 ,lit;, ,rddl., Y.s rgo d'fth ys rmi nc @-

nonly u&d tho 4 9tri 1]r shilt ftdwh.ir 6 nrt s niDt. cdn rhdiv.d ti.

Thc iddios ot Dct hoa6 dr arib h&.with do @c on rh. h(m DIEI don, $dliftle dmriiim oD dE wlt. ln ft. .lddhlrls 16r.Dlae cd6 .bdt r0 !i|le t€roi de! &q ud tlk molc 6nd' i6wv odtlK@h rh. rhrch d od dl6, In b doir!.n cu; frrG hus r I trh rho,. rh. 6;pMiculrdy in Orf,olic hoE vhc pork i!

Ti. nEodldid of th. k/k bdcht withn enc dsric uchiMrd imvrti;s. Th.Arlz is Labri.d ql& 6s.i buit ri.h dcpupo* in mind-d.lnc N@r 6r& r hisha@.buon b.da rhe ruidiD.! or }!lar_in

'lifrGnt ol!96

'rd ,;r'lJ, ed thtr ot datfi

by vtoLlc. Tb. lows noor of thc tsdr! itfir th. shder of dir.ls. Ti. $cdd ddtfiird ffi fd hrbi*ior, Oe dmr o@ inbth. ebl. b.low, : !on4 D : fiqbi of b@n pa b di. rjviry qu,fu. -

With r nultisi.d stu. en ihiqhrd b b. don. :bN mok. H.G 6@tr;qm bulr oc rb.v. $. orfid, rd t bEh.himn y .6und dnfr Otu of d* Fi.citrrmbld vidr rhe oldjf,llion.d hm; qs ih

nomirs md. d defldr @d b hb .F.ni6 ridins in Mbuh, md th: f &l codcm@imd Do sMnq nnd i. oud,v rhna.t shol Tbi*//r:bdld.s thoefoE m-s@Ed m ovdhogirg mclo6.d b.lcony offtMDry, b !.d. d "w' c'" Ir th. co.lid6.r@ rdiEtion md $f.ry, lrfcty ID,

Lct of r biLr. :flE fdairy Gha, rE ndjatlk nmds of .dE in a co; fidtor r rG;

j Tl. dnn lob is nrd. @olk.n to w.nipd sh.ts fbn h.ld. Sirc. ttur. r fsvirdo* md r[& r. hrilt mr td ff.hevirdo4 md rle r. bun! tue td @pLerhr rd lisht o utild4 r tu'i! dnlrsuly tuh6 @ rh. dEin hol.. Dou bddin r IiaD ariroi th. erl .n d@ rcM!-hG, ud dE it nd for dk I'altlv nolftiddnnra rd rtu hsdihond of ih. nlfr&in-.6, .piddis vould b. @ou tl'd dry

Gh.g hosd hr. boii r trid rd r d*donic inplidtid, Th.y R @dlv I.e

"id {snih.d:E s .n;nd.d r6iri:ndiG

rinrL Scfting fo. d!f.q dry Ef,!€ rlr

l l:1

tr@.n s[|B d !i qtr rnd dioldvbv rhl d6ih i[ h,ir tuIi@'ff rls ;nimds l loiidd hld Eh.{ihn dr6loldof dtsimiDdo4 r DtiE tuid tithgood .raight otrld idmrit] r sMge a f&

b@ d EI 6. trd.. of r s or rimLr. d .CEre Tbis hrbir ot wanrs_Nrr nsiCd

Th. Din i flimd dI hb'ldilv rd urii?_.Dhq dd dadi lli ddiE b h. idddfdi ?€tu rlm tG f{ of d!.tl,, H. do6 rdgo_fr lr.m h@. !r 6 his risim n r sios

Thc ddt cffir ffi sith . bri'16r.lr ep (trdrcldrrr, .ithd djcd or d.tm to!: of@ hr w r lrdchel ,rtmd itlite

''thh tuba d n ctclorn. Tb. upDd

M of hir bodv n; cmEd virh . eoll.nircLt, with sl;B dd s@ l|nd of con{oft n silGtrshid, 'Ar a rde h. is rhinleFffi wi$ b.r .l! h. w.d r pan of vol.nbR.ch< oinrlv sLiFtiel* ot th. le tdwrh r ilEh! tutliB in di. sar n ffi-@icwhich Eald rh! ;nnuac or dt TriLilh

!_r€Sy_pd.c- Ir. gc wirh@t md.rdt:fu,

Ls srircod E; N.!v MB sm! Ilnld orvid. crllmdbm4 or hili His f.* e shodin oDi.G or h*hidr bulda t[. ffioEinitii Em@ fo.iqd foud d or yn rh. Bdkd rir h Rd;ir rdorr od ori&plrcd vhd hdiiid ir tug tutgn mdshc apsi,. oough @ pBff tbir fcj.drhmddtsheleGh.6 qft Rri# dd oI rumbiL iEin DLe of oDin6-,i!d ir 6F m. r ff o*i r IEh ;d-on ol co-dffi or i ichdintncL.n e moudin pai['t8 inch6 vid.,At rh. rr* rim. .!. *slrhi.r wa xdiE@m roulcEed shc,

Boif, lIE bd wlnd we 3b!im lTitbydrvmn *hich bd th. funny f4' dcldlv 6. S@ttislt l:@. l IEv. l4

'mtnd lo*d. Plb l$d mg ahc rlan'sdrB !di6 lM pbd b pLc., 6ur i5 biiciuyr conbimrid oar fDI t;[-lil6 lkie @ind-irs d. oi . c@ zodlt s's losB srJtnt,n;bou.d be . fulil{lu or bodie Add torhc. h.rdcl'jrh or.hrvL od nDch i.*lrv.

. fi.lL-htrndnq ad6 $. s[il of pofs{idrli Atl tu;6 rh eo.e4 fd .ff!!lYE in nod. _rh( 6ai,trc rd di'ftys

-tsr b. NFly rll4i rd ndL to rt;w.UXlk Ni lnirht of r[. v,lk @iE €trold-jl,g. -Nop6i sts d* dry_E bdr bylntuMr o6od md ttut in rttr3 tuy NX*@ aao rnd 660 mws (ll0-l6i dol-

9l€, FTd-c

db-). I '5

6ld s!.nr dN {h6 I rt daAlt dk ldra mE bdlr by n56 lm Di-

bat vho rk build thm in Motu.'l.@idil ,rd d,Nh@ i" Yo&j,"i". rqdlvir,-. i" nib-.r,*

--*"-.h. ri.m I do

d ldow. I hlEn E|q@{qdk, nor

h n6 ol th. iion rhd k pLmty6r.poo4 bm c +. m+m

'!nG9md ir is ff. .nd lfu b. $!Str 'frnlrlfriqffi_.n 1 nid. sp.E_dh !'y

lordt of 6Md diM b thc

bdt Ircos -itr

1e10 q Einjdr fdn of

don sa m'll @!loy.{L Wtm it gtwth. td eotrld liy r nmbd ot pr

\ *rcal Ld rcl\ trns'ng lm, tuf. Dd lisnt ind. Tn on in th. v.oddil rrdid;doleh light 6 s by, b[tdv muh fd @dbi In othd hoqE"ir( d';y *.d sdl; dd h""1-h*lrnF l(dcrn. h{ brs prckd inb rhn

j! lqoE tArnd tiB ld em ti'rctr ;d ih. f t . tGrsn(hsEhi

.lothi@ha Eir.d .rune tu-'rhm 6.n IENi@. TL. 6l@ ft

k. dd mk 6n @ll.dilB Th.tion 6X. b tibe drll b rdidl, ud

'i@E s bllen vil.gs. AJE !nof drd orc! th. DdmEiE I w rbL

' t I * f iRrm$emfrmbruyi j lsnlh. ft of hie jrclac rh. c.lo' of hi

*hich ir bouqhr lm dl?.mitls in th. toE

Th* cGMd f udoubdrY lNidi56. ot ih.ir .l.mdE my be hed b{r tothc.rlv Medit r@ otis b ft cmdEmE; lmi Aed Holffi, th. Gh.srth.tu.lG do nd n:1. rI rE of r[.'a butc!ry d tlc edition bY'd.Ed4 i&. thear.i' Indis for wh@ Se6otr bs, fo! d.cad* b..n dduf:ctuie t lF.ctd kind of hlL

Ti. b*ic cloth is imr' { hma ftcfmE !tr6 hi5 sJe th. ll..6dY lml kmhn ehd;. bon\ whi( md bhcL Sh. csds nwirh r homndd. d.vic., .ith.r I nid. bddr nd{rudd.d @4 rd tPis n Hq sir'ni@ Lir cds of r disafi, r rpi.dq md .bald, Holdi'P n\. diEtr in om h.nd' drsis thl vooiv'th ft otfiE dd wind! itoDto th. lDindL in d. b4rkat wb.nr@ fth6 norhinir cls. to do. d wh.d shr i! Fr]lingdor. rh.?r4 th. AlbDLd howif. dtrtiinlt:Di6, ud hd si@ ba sootr b.otur Rd:;oa liL. UnEing or b.'d_R|ln's

Wi.n ehr h8 mowh qool * b.g:Emdi.4 Th. A]bdirn l@ B m ofuiryEmo;n 2-b.U .fi"n, sinil$ @ thrc s.did di H€hd& :nd tfi. K.mcry donbiEIt hs , $ ood€D fr@ ) b€m or ou6 oceftn vhi.h rh.vdda.n brftn. rnd 1 fod-oe.EEd hcitdL._lhc hohbh wiibid is !hrtd., is nod-i[romTh! Ilm b;v rI of ib. d€Uerc Pd of tlnlmm in rhr ioq from (m.8 -lht Et offt rh.v nrk d h.ne. Th. lmm i! laP.nom;d onrv slnr , l@d oI crodr i! b'ingdov.n. wh;. nor b 6a thr lod L ELdrDd.nd piLd in I comd vith oth.r hN.

one't[. cloth hs bed v@ n ritrst, ifinbd.d ia jjjdnliE s., b. fu!.d ThisinvolK l.o@ ii *t, mlkinr ir abo!' :ndbomdint it foald.ftI houu Thc ndnbin_:d d;loe rn iErnioc *u-Do..d.d d+ue f; tiis Ddsa s.v.rJ ;irE hrveoblftd the miils: Nop6, hr dBM dc!I sv iad.l. Tl'! tuIig niU c@i* of ooF{ir @d.n !frtu P4.Ed bY roi€dhdr wtu qh.eL A sEIe s{m otwkr tu thmeh . l@h @ P.r th? cloth.Tn. vheclBfi ; md&dvini fN Pdod@

.NoPq. 14 p. !1, fr. q.

Iu€: d c€\ shich lift op . hary sood..hllrjlu sd l.t it dr@ 4 dba rd .(h tbrudn Tm sggdid s ol cogs rnd 2tuF 81v..d. .h6 1 cmEnt P@049

No_otu sffi b rnor vio nv.ned rhsoils o. vho r.16 rf,d, Wh@ yotr m-coubnrm dong r s@, tky sa NrJy

wd hE cloth:'hm ii ovd to hd bBbrn4pho el6 ir to rhc niu b b. fuld, Tb.n i'e erof6iond f!I4. .d aci nill $.s tob.l6ng io ih. gmp of lilmd or n.i8hbc

The wom6 tu& tncn lm cbrhie, ldih! no* Dd of ufuI.d croth. Th.i rtodochd rii $o&iDgr, ,nd $iEh rho opirg:5Fon bybon\ s6, Th.nd\ho@, o-ythc fu[.d od hedy fdrd cloth b th.nr.t4 tlru ro r Eilor vho ihd Nu ir i'rf,. ldiiionn {i6iF of lG clidt$diEphq md str up At pi6 dd.nhroid$

A :rmbd- of oih.r !D.d,lis r imlv.d

'n th. Drodu6on oI mdt clorhie dd .quiF

n.nl A s6irl crdm Dneid6 th. qu;-titra of b'id mth qbch i(k r dd doltrg!& .dd.d, Hrtu,.qoipD.d rith woottc!moldr b tui tr.ry ,ei.ddn of 6ibrl bqsh.!c 6\c f.li o}1 oniel or @ot4v6E or bhcl.

'hich .I romEiM i@.

Ir{hd-worl€s, vho r Er<tidonrlly Tq}rnrle odsE brl6 ld ii. @ d *tI 6eddld, has ,nd tuF. Spdi,i lhoffikdnd.. fd@ fd !h6. qlo d t6ord iqdtf,o@h liosr Re th. oDinF tr4tich rhei.wiB;i.dua lrom loqL ftid6, Mon of th.sho.niaE e Kruis na, :nd this it r K{irsFcidw. At K&6 v. sd z.bs iid.s on&Dhv Nrid. sr.r,l !ios. Th6. hrd b*.uii fu ih. MJ flm $rth AIri6 for tftr

A. pEviouly Ad, tooda tu&.6 rEnrd. trr orol&i@:r cooEn in ll)w rdDrchdd bv rht nombir p.opq who d.ih.m d{i;nq rnd for lood tune.. SjLGuoqcq. ric ]ocrl pftduc; ihi cooEyForL ofln bna iid to bd ior el.,Sdiral vin4s id soeri sp.cirlia i!badrFml'i.g, and ti. vM, wno waE

5@ bdq rld o 'rlcr

d@ *ith aFi;iitdEy, Tte imndc M o"Iv d@!.16 0d 6ed.eryirs b6h;. blft d,;

!d-.rrry oia @ h! brclq r ho6d M I b.-lirE ibn the Drmid e mde bv Dla;oin. cod'ile includt ortgM* d,tt!ry, Ih. @ppffiirls io dc1 om b|c;F"@ry. rr. @PPmtu 6 ech om bs4g oui ffi orlntn m b. ed for b:ling ch6. dn|il5

| .8., or fd d ud @6c. *ie,I*Oi.qls rlL l.frlls, wF;ug! dd Mh"liqiE Ax of ih* tnins: d. puchsld by&,EU@& who.4dtu {quiretRr4toPs chborr?or b G $ sonp ed,

tlire rd'?s of Mtu nnd dar sv ;h! Jre h'ds of Ftry fnd dd uv jntoak.nm6ncfs}oc.lold l. d]. cjdolic.!gDir, ! lot ffih.E, d. elrlrm siU mr!.

F:qon A$ 6{ or snnpb plotrla vi.h

fiSE It E bsd-noid.hd, Dd n4d in;ch '

rd gDfcgm*Egi 'uta

I poEN rn Mqstuch 6.y ciDE h Hmsic fahid

Th. Mcl.ft, pbni6lEd bv d. I(omrr@ qin. &iolini. mbt ih;nrtv6 wi6disrnhd [qu6 I;.v.ry rlghbdhood orc

iir. (mpLa sth boil* rd cmta *iie.bqb! jn satdi or

doihd lM. NejghnoE 6omw dr* *illsrM m. io rimq s Aftrih tmilia bor-row ach otndt ik d frd.F Mu.h ofe

'4b, d Ei5in b'ndn s uodued it i.n.

didl.dJ bot : eEi' roie s @n d uetrom ft ioh. cl6 dL', r ucioutid v{rty of $!nd., i3 impoir.d or f,lorh crrholG rd

^rtodff mle whrr. q

i* Mo.l.tr oh ,,s;,r.,x, mrt @brccorddiG mok dg|q6 The @om6 ofc'g&nr noldng i, thft a r n . ec,r nmgM tu ow bb,cm, snd s.Is vhr h. d6rcr cmMr. Rr hs b btry dNe Foq.inpoftd fmh Fre H. hsio h.h !6n;kind of: lighiidg d!ric., phich Btrlxe Mbqp4.. s Dnvi@ly mllded rsc; 1rrTh. ;"..1

"ri* .f s;ot ,@

" $;! jr'f";,

, Edy mec of tslih ini.-Kion. fd n.ngiv. ech orhq ci8:lxB, mn[g fd tclu.s

sic ri! prinop|l ti,od of rI rh. btusin-eE qh:@ rh;n Rlsio,\ L bEd, GU'xvr dCrL ddvE d @bRd which silb.p ror w..k {d e@ I'ndd md hrid.ri6Ed of noldi@, m-. of rh.ir DrinciD'l nad5i5 som sy b rild dr s'rh: M.; hG6dEn notu rnd D6d6, rnd nme :leconEin A:4d queh6, o1Rom d.@;hi(htl'. womm opeE, It i5 p@bsbt.; bur Ddc.Bi', d,r rI of dr hillmn6 com rrmthe rdL.n sim. siEbL sbnc is ftud n fNd@. A blg. Prrt of ih. gnin n bg, hoe-fti E dd. r sm . prRr-driftn n lj. ofvhich ti{. * ndr Tle nilq hom.m.d!dept for th. s.n4 c oD.Eed bv vdiql-!h'Ii erddL eh€.ls which e in .f.c dd-itiv. tuhind. Th.y kr. th. @dinilr ofhufun nscdrr .ri@, dd n;h tift. rntu pbE u M*i' .-J'loe&;, I Hw dorh*lad of mitl, r oomdiic ddie eftidr 6n-si'frd or r bih+hsD.a I@ * m I Di?oLad .qdpp.d piil e h;w h;md { oni ad,w'Ei ddtrd jnto thn-t]qh sril mo@hhrd onGd .h. Iffi .nd t6 dp rh. vholi..

iZ r,6 q( it r brrcr lufee. rn theroqs,Iffiou md. P.fr4 tu r pmr sn

L dE -hd.

nin 5 ud fo. ani@ udltlig s@, R.sdr modm glz:i p;drv

trbd rron lbly, fld $b;.q@iy $fd

rod @don ud slxr@ @hnioc, lctun crdolc fd Mdr.G (N[i b{i6crcs n did Th. Gd\on6 ;rt-qich pdt by sldns {d MoLjns, tn.

iii of acli bou;lol.4 ;.Jr 6uEhd G- ry,-p!Be a rh. fhile n..d5 or s.re. iillhll 1B crr i[. b.nv f* inh nirh.s*!Jr[ Th.y crr i[. b.uy f* inb $efi6

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As fd s ariY @Bidhtn dfic i qon-c.m.d. hoErbick .nd hllru b1& r. thco Y n.tto& oI Lnd tuDot millbL inGh;hi.. In a fry of t|l! fliM ele6, hov-Fd; othd n.s e wd toc.Iy for 5hcdituc, In rh. comw rrcund SdEi i&h.l@ rhc nMEic th. fm.E B c@Ddic dv n Za&n'.. InLllmdth.t.tIod * thdenflu€JE oI tha Dd6 dd nr IIsd th. othd lidc l$ r lik wn. at4 6vdl s u dnm s]llm.: sle&,

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'ic Eqnns, Pohrbt bi{ nm rlo r doa

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- Elb6d 0d Titu

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'iqhc Th. trsd iu lmi* of 3

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S. l{ d. pilfu is simolq nomEircffi m@ !id. or .L ldc., h;;Ed m .n dr.r.A @mir6 Ey b.@.. M4 ba@dEB.& At-rEd @idu, iw@.ih. sfrity of tt! E@bni ir !@h&d:by !h. iti,;tui @6 sho build 6r'J, by dE,din:!d *t *ir sho hrdl. r:6. dd ctrd hvd6, bd by th. rhopl.€r, qho eth.nsle6 @dlv ijbrR ud wlo rc IoEdin rh. btgs hl;l e rix,wrtly butm or *ftlddL I tu rsl bot m in [ri.dilll@ in shGhi qnnc in rh. co6ry dnP6of Diba Ll4 dd PlIq rl@'6o n;i!Md! thR rc slEr :rn* ;6 $ld 6rql 9@. Gdl6 Md d@d. dlrm uls.sL d-d p.p!s. I trd. diy. -6dll:' kd;sq r..rchi.q 0d lMh6 Tb.y EEd rbiD to t M fo!Dno. .Eh1K

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bd rmtilc modd $ooB Eis!€.ld[. @ch@n tu Linen .G,.s.lq b{rt.6, .g!\ dd . ld ortl{@ Thd mmdn podo6 6.db ttu nrkd bqE llidly flop cm bglrhdi 6mdn6 dtyI Ej.r r|l. Eip, md sfuim6 dDYsl 4 homq sddi.g dE gd,Ls

c turI od s. iddhidorl gflpr

THE FAMILY SYSTEM: WHO

'T'o THE sthlopotogia 6.LdtE ma

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as d ndv ol m*ri.i cdM d' *t'ilE Gh€ faniilv, liL. thd of dk ary

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'"-;i.d druh@ ,nd 5d1cbnda @

in s sinqL hoik or group of hde 6d luordEit m+ ro€.thd. Th Iffi cmPx-crEd tald which codfrdt th Eq@ *cHtsnnon oI $ch : grouP. but N n@*tu r re e.nu eba d.BhboriS rb::DdnrY b. c.ll.d it Isoldi@ md Poll@ituffiw 6n{6 A. f(qtr63Y d d'd$nof dE Binud tdni6 of dk fdnY mdF'ld qn. of th. Eibq DoEblY Diogia

'FhoE.hoLds n$bd uP to l0 d {r P'sGrih. anbi. vord *6dI' (mfiBty @P) !N.d m dd,@. tf,m

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hch nd!3 tfi. othd AhoRfdorsd$rd ullMi.d mno woold b! ur1'jlll@r'4 wotrld r hoM ompied bt no rm rn'{ mile nc b. r hrlsnad ldl t

' fln d6

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znk i6 lds inpodt h.o$ d''Y d notIxllc4 ,nd h.ae th.Y laR th' hlY ro gftnrd.d.

For 1 numbE ol RrY good @ ( smEidad d6inbL to obsii si!6 ror d'erd lnn. dtbne ln ik fiN Pkq n

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MARRIES WHOM AND WT{YI

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Th6. z doB Fobrbly '@d

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Mirdi,--oGl\ spac, rnd KBt6d. Tll.fr.diir dr rh*;ordi ii orlq E I

In liirdiE Ph@ .n6. 3 brothG ffit dthly lound oth€r tsopl. rh6d of da thcuatuE oI thr iDlib;i{E of rh. : r.midiE,rirra, of Dibli dd !u Dibn rd Fu hia$Ern lridhiD liid @IL i@ eh cd*tol d |mhd of Jn, Orclq SFc, td KGhm&trt fon : !id.L qori6i. uit iodav.

ftr; dE chri"id dzb of s.lia rdKth.U. ir M.ti od drr did frm Lw hef@ inw fdl in dood with ths. Tt'.v.boddy 6jsim vonm fem n\. 7 ,,ti*r ollnl,. No lro fmn OG6. Sprt, rd.I(ch-

,dzlr or fd; sfioini o. SlFlr,Sh6hi sad Shd. rom s ibl&d c@ph-

El tm with Si:L r dr hjsh dfshahi *tn low.nd ol r dclorcil bl4d v,n x Itis not q to.tu d Lr. iiis {.. Hdeth. Mi@ didio6 b.M.. ttu ba ifthry ftr ;i*d, tdE disDpsr€d, rnd Sh6himd r.€lhrly ffiry Shrb roftq rd eie

hunded @@t@ h.E DNd !i.c rf,. dmof rh. l_dcEl borf,dE. loDs dolzh offid. mv ltr. dr engr ;d. li d.rffi b]G; tlkw cotrld tn;dicinv dddr.n r.Ioy f' ;mb6 lr@ )\tndir4 {elitrhdr.n. Mndic vould not

'gae Inoydg

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Mffi {d Nihj, th. 2 C{holic dof M.ltr r JrLd* (.h. odi( C.dF$.st rh

rd i, l{tdit .v6 wh6 d@ @ s'qlina'1uri,g.r5k A ir r si'gle ! Lge oll+!'d%dl5 rcqold

sry. In ttu bE of Gu i edl\ in Mrd wtjwE bld dE viu@ .ndoM ir u$l :TIE d b. lird. aGrio! d;r fir c1dolic.lsrM s Fabrd ir Midiq Dolcsic radMrtui-Nlci ir bituric'nv t[. olde;, rdd b$. nr cr@ly s*jlFn ritft iohtior od.:

Inth. ndd.@w v @ i6 ddilod tlE nmbd dd loddffi ;r rdiru trr.Ha ir is.noxqfi b ldF ifi. qinciDlq @hdmssr&d lv n\. *idmiE ttut rtiith.s hE b*n L:rt dv.l rnd r ridi'lru olinurigrdoq or. 6!d! !tugL ldsl'ip gmF.

noE \tGcErh.F r.! tsm mnre ;rl rdnonq doud r ci@iq of donEil., mfin& ;rnv lirl. li^ihiiunG in l Ehiicle50 ,@ TrN h dd.a wh.E $. rr;hiriMv l)*. dre c ddld of

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fd w & d.rlinq wi.h Edudi.B in dc4myAow.vd, tlE t icEn6 in Phid d'.oPP6i& oedq drd rlt. i'6 gm! n *_#d.d. Tvo ribn n.chditu poqida ld

. dir blaod brcth.ftood .nd qod6th'hoodrirlH 2 m.n b.@ d6. fii6& rd rnid,

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-{ffi.Iy

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orhd. Tfi. otfis ria g.df h.rhoo4 bs iE

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individun qdtminc N..iI6 6 ey' th.l@l C.tholG cl.Ey f$m d hoth th*

PO|-IIICS AND FEUDING

Fds: !

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h@hold sE s lll8Eha t sLiig m_

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Th. M M ! dr. vil's. k roY h. rcmhd doiD oJ h@ $rlNd.d bY iEfu']dd ;d ;rfu, o! k nrv osis or iielrtd bm*:ds acl in i6 ;m hnd Th.htu n 6. nor. @l l@. In rtthd cdq nh^ s{m cq!.n buildirE. r mqor dachd.h: d it m,v mmti hl,. 1 d* Dltq6urny ,h.d.i bi m o|h wh.E th. dddm.L E1ch eil!&. i! f,Decfcd to hrr. 11.ld6 vh@ 06; it dr.ft herdiEs'' pridt.l!6;.. vsioB fdniB' hlbid:xi rm&hoR

'm ac! io 6I dln pcitid Th. wrd

fd .ldd B ,kA, vhict Mis Duhr Mdfick b rh. rim of Sdrbo: On of ihs.ld6 n de Arr.?r,4 !rcr:Xt, h.d .lt i Ino'. eiu@ in H( wbd I nt,5ud rfi. !rt.,rr*. l; rold th. rsrdd $6 h. wr'-;d" ol dE

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Aborc nh. vill'q. is i[. ,4tl (Tul&h forbm{, rHdrd)_, r gsgnprnclr @ wft$* lriod ol MErd uiw. b r!,t e p.oDr.li@ j. it b$irndlr *amm of dcd did6r;r $e wiihdi rrll of d. iill@ tuc.& o.d togdnd fr the d?,1 Ndt u.ddr[. df'& (sb!drd-b.1dl o! n'd ofth. rdirA (6q. r0,.J. tlb otde G h.Jdioryh eAin 6 lid. xiE p! Lthd 9!,finth ol M.r t!€ Fi;prr7d.'I or Maitin Dlbn Mrior Ca Ela

_who 'ftd

$ hdi. or m;fti; sS one ,nde'. vbil.Mui Krft.li bb dveL E dothd. Ti6.m w.r @t fddd 1.d6, mirEinit,lry bo.da& of |n.d n.n, rd dispdidgbrilh hcpibliiy io :X cmrF, qrn Ela hn}qr lTo;a hr hf b rh. Aroietr T(hd-dlsc!@lirT|r& E rhaLt n dnod-.n Priclrbrd nerhodr a w.n a DdfcdEdlni. T1* bG h@. f.Iow dd 6 fd1 -ftn or gEt ri.lp 6 u whm ft ?iiEd

Tn ,.ir'itr d beco@ d itd.mdd$Gim if h. h$ . r.ns dowh Flrhdiitra ir ilc hhd {L\oriF1 *!2L ind tiii l'

. del !oE@; lilc*ic, Ir orh.!drc he is ddd th. rthdiw ol d* hc.d ofih. Eib., m o6ci'l cllfr tM r 0lidChouf,old fd b*ir r ditr.tw tide in d.,hEib.. l. MidiB h. -b el|d xrr.dd tC.Fuin); b PlrLa srpr . xrr. z,id iBlrl-H.idHoeJ, in Mdsir . Mrdh., Srrir' . tt dl.rBis IIoNcr. tle *d .quilddt of th. 6-.im-i lrvdtir r tr. or Fhrnoh,

Fifc;';a ;muisir J F .[ or Nndic;l $nq r€; o6;h.ld$ itr th. GhrsrnL! ffid rL6r ru .1d6. 16 chid

{tu trd Dlb3i4 t ftr.. 4 6di4 I a-

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s "!,yor' ol & villg. of brli.r\ o6d. rh.. @io re Allof $s.mwl€li

iom of loel fid.c.d norn6 EIa! ftmi eitti. tlE fnis's di!. P:dmn6 e ths!: .hou fd (.) lcdcdtu a rC'id I'ndi-- crt6 d Edr, :nd rb ) losl s rgrr$ oGid.

Jd Mrluioa tt dly htd chiar vhd:f @ rnd sho.@in.d E 9w etl rlni qDinl h oGIL eodd rcr .n6e B br ;!;s; hjn, rltldib h. ffim.d :x of hisailbid 6!D derbv eilea Tnc t @i@.vhim w trHtrEd ir hi hoe @Edtlc p--ry od. Thc or rhd ru r{rt-

itu frn6. dd 2. tdl-tift noUriel @-[irc lrylE tl.ir .e ddis dd tid6

r.nd; lis o6ir, Mslc qo4. eaL chd@Er hn soa Jod Mrldioq r[c in.mbhr int9t9, r ru tsvrd'n aush b minbin th.hbi rcm itr d.6qe of il. shl soed-Dhr b hre. hn nd ffiDad &m dli@ldie rd q.ri@ dd b :rd lrod

^nbAZoe u dml siFd iu Em for vhich hc

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T[! [*cfube{ l@int lEcGol?ub oa Mildie fd thc id$.s ol thsEihc B tl$ @6 rt.dt ddl4 ud ,6hhtkd, daiq ffi bdr'*' 2'd f@ b'Lrtr. b d6oda dci. hb6. It |j@ M,l_si. a hLdd rd Misir. M!d[€ th. pr@.is;plisEd by t!. pr*6e of t[e-YugGshrAlbmid hddd,illromf, dd*t but hs qsd vnoldLnign;os ud iiqbc sithin ih. LIdiG ofth.-s1bi.6 ftrrnd, D@.G of rtu of 1 f.vhol*I;ldr .rch h.r. s[ifbd rbout dd n ish.rd to E[ to Plicb dd acn h€h€td *dr. .im th. did wa n aflEd

Mis Du[a eho mdc id oh.dtridb.M 1903-lt, sm. 20 tqs rtErd of

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F did ad .t hidc Th. rcidt

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[x. Eibol Bom! M in th. h,n& of'dire dd tG .lluil vhicn cci*<l of;6f if,. dd.s of tlr tib. vidr tl'dr .tidq!, dd rf,. drrtar Tf,. f,ads of h4.CfoRrtul h@holdr Rtr if th.y hdd @qd.6cq vould b. idcM.!- Th! 6oncn

66 of mund sirhir dE ribq ofsntq itMio'\ or dld s6€

iE violde It *o m 6 dEi& onrbqn ffpcirior! i..., to ha th. pdirio8Lt*96b.!ing ,r.rr b ioin iL

h. hnldr ol th. !tre 6 @Dftd bot ds ;amcil d.Fidd.d d rh. ]m.C!gtd{y. Dlri'C tfie ld J0 ys6, for {'L, MidiE hs b@ nl.d br th. foldiac Bib M& | @t bd DorEfol di

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n!lnhMa!d,.M'dhalIrAlMidjq4

na ioud ih Eibrl M difi.Enr tn sllft

'6 frin rhc I h&r Nosdd Sh. els

Mdln . M.dh. nor. Eib. .t n!, bDr r onf.ddion ot tibd Ol ibd. Xlmdi is giro4 ,diuAi ftlui VuLli 3or idd NikI!whn. th. orhd 9. Groda Hoi, Sla.li (shkrd_li). KLnori (KilnHi), Loh. (Lott, R..hi/REi). Rrolj (tuob), K@IilT, rd Grizhric&&ht, N dd b hrk cnsi.kd or i 3rgl.,d,+ ach. Tri.Eh dd Knil @ .ot cR4doulrls b(rG ih.t hY dd th. Mon@cd bordd .Io b.f@ ih. inPdirid of th.i9r r b.udary. Sh. did not itrludc ?eiPrin th. dDf.ilNcy, bur nBdc it

' $Pdc

- Ili* w M4eLa Ddshri Sh&lq Duh.tui dd Sll@. Ot v on ot rno.' DBh_nrni, is si'.n 2 d'rir, the othG hzring oeach. DGb'M is t!. ddt om of th6. @6shjch .DEG on mv lftiwhd it is situ t[.ec oli ,'i't ai DuL{i! I ftsmd iorh. flihF or Pdipa i6.ll rnd s ruPrsdi[* no sbi.cE frcn the l.@E 'aib6-rodfti. !i4d I vd btl wi e[d Dl!d-dii 5h. li* s tfi. PuLti smF dividinsAi! ;.b Upp{ nd ried P.l6 sb. g@El,lMr Pltri a sdl @rdrd Eibd, fl"tcrn'nni Mrbrc rd ltui UDEI ?'n:ii nEird sli:l:,-wi'n 4 ,",rJ, tfr.dq P.dj,iirhri. nd L!k:i; Shdhi nmbd of r!hr,not siEd, T@hi4 srr Nirai, s.. M.tstui ehjch id_mnrd wirn Nilci nd i'ns dl|d Dd of M.!i.. J'kova, sh.Itt ddA Pul! i6 . Dd oI Bdsha Th. EsdIor rhis B thdiMtui sdit ofi fM 3.n-sh' eleln rtndrio6 ro. !

Md i zl-li*d n nir6d d r r,n'I ofpt d !h.6im b Liu. Sh. fl.lc Cdhi,: d;rA d M-rlja ..lrlc*, 1 q{r. htsh. :!o dB Eib.l ind.Padd( b 6.,ctA oI LE which stu PI'G d th. hddof. adf.d.ntid i.clodina Mdi rd Dtbaind to Kth.In whi.:h 5h. dieid6 into l,,t l'. Krh?Ia S.lia {d Pdhi

Ii b;v imD6ion ih2r some ot ind dif-f.ffs irc di. b 2 @nfsiotr od Mis Du-nrmt Ffr tcM tlt tdd dt l, ,,t * odriba -On de 63 she drsl46 ,rttk' a''had of d;;1€. Hld !fi. not gon. donsenqh.rt ir wo d hlrr b.o @rhbts.

aDd in Gh€gnia in th. y.d lq)$_tiwodd .oi lBv. bd 4y, .vd ror { erFd-.ned nf. Fd r vm;d F nr. ntd. thsiohs E sn rh@ or r nhctc Otn.simy b: th. 6at or iiE pr6 or d.lg:Jsd@ for lMe of dE "Eib6 Phid sb n.Fdc.d midbl. fnsn.nu of f(md PoPuhtiotu deimEd hy narfr& dd I])Ned,in 5ltr ce. bv di. $rhr 3Y 1o1o r dd-sidmblc r..lFindr md h1t. d!ft Pkein rht whoL ;.r nonh of tfie D;4:d 6P._ci.ltv in th! r.Fffi which she dsiguta dPGfiDr dd Pu]lE In my @ thc l0 3mFof p.6pL whm I h,( d6iguEd 5 dt€vd.s; oBirL!.d bv r[. p.opl. qith whmr turl.n n r92q rA fm not or Ls *lf_conuir4 in@rryiry !nib, sdcidr fd

Uird{ th. uiLd 5}M *arfc 6 .indc@rinEs. Thd uhddlyidg @ * ofcc. Dooul'iim t)t6@ me ov.f dc6*.- .n'idid. dnrr or em@ doedaretdcsering, sd gddl dding ltlid dd[. mch b EiE otr6q Prdc rY

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LE winu. w_hm fmd M s. Ev.n Ittn sho hd slljffi .doah b d hireUwoqld b. mdd $vd. isi6n. b.ow of th.s...El nrsd tuin of bts lidftn

'nd da

-Fnd.nt! rd cGlqudt trul.disM * iih_

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14ir[n rn dtr*, th.q Dolnid n chrn-fts dnd.d b rdtrc rhe fnqn ncy of Du-dd bY nsLin€ it m.BiE Mud; hNrm,dirlr MUrd limi* b. di{oE|g.d if theenhl .ldrority ol dE Eib? @ l@gOdr.gis. inE:r,irrt fd& ould @. fdd.sd6 b.foE Ecmrldna wtolc-tih6could lilr.visa b! in blood d.h qch otlu, dwirh siqL rndb, ic t Mirdin m inblmd wih Lrn ddig the p.riod in which

A anirn D.ldcrl ruthdity ddd b366bm tfii ti6 b@..d tibd trrb.n,ud srh tlle rums c@cn n..rin€e thdva! dlled n.mb6 0f dl! @

'lrmidrlmitB eot rbout f@tr.ddy $iihiD dtnhlrl bo;d:n6 rhn eould gi,. thm oPpffiniry b 2lM8. frnrirgg @ dnbm.

!!d|n'.dMl!,rc' ldofu'A]!qIh'.t. i tlLc &'d'ns d6d. b.fde d I .ib, ph fr b

ime ro lba cE & Im sho hs rL! hldd tu

" i ld igsh" ied*a.d 'sM4,]Aly.hlE i! tudr lik b hGPdrry, L e€ qlrro4lE L add !' oE udmre !4 *sL ht io* !! dq. H. { oE rxd'tu u ed

l tu!rodeEeois@Bddombq! '6$q@Gb;q-d;dm&diro c uwrrcd ro., Eru d r. & id*6od oI l@di!{ * da v,d h tu grNP !d

y dsru whq b 'k!

d@4 hd e M!i "euc' !G riik aor doo4 s d4, @, bY?

'6ifxn'yloFyFoPI!'Bm&ktlldl id!crmA$4Mhq&y!d."9[6.

s'@,6q lsdy da ^tru{

s( 6tu

iddn e 6* e ffi .d! bt & qiot tuiliE b ( I iq'! rrry bla ro" i D'e tu

ion er tu ftislt oe &ia fgr&s- T.!r{ .b' '4dtni5dflgrdqlglabM

'j.eodyd'.rc!PoFiy'Th.| j !) lmof

irl,,..b ddinoi o djc turiqef ft bqb6iqrfu!ktot . ' r id ' - ' 'b*4Pdcd.

lie b h! 6@ 6oos 6c DqLsi,j d'c GolEu

::J'r iiilir ci'i'"liil. ; ;; * u*lndb 6nv5Bid,..i. sond , . - r@ddY. i ' f t!Tq6cMid!cd6bldm

rdrdcdi lhdldd@d*dlodcq?

du4crytqhning@l' ih4d}hd.!or tu qh q frEd of 6. dr dd *-

t'soaLft!oldybgfuofMFo

E noP tu r4d.3r6d.fd& or 6! Dlbtd

Mi. Dshm Eullrd d{rd d xad ol 6e"TrIn4bkqfcimblM4tftdEd

fm hoe Thc blood fd4 d th. othd[{4 *.td.d thd dh moE Pidely, davhilc M ol th. dins dtrmed hmq M.sriLd dEid. th. nMbiG Mis Doh@ancov.r.d lMd J:Loq $d! terl, sulvinrgB r.dc np or FolL lFn rr rd othf

Mirdn rdrrAr, nos Sl'.1'. Berishq ad oihqch@ @oE. Md ol lbd dil6 ,Dd pbb-$libft_ hmr iNolubrtv. Th. DoliddlId;ryok ol Gh.g tibd sii.ty, Fidcab'lyi6 vslilr. 6pftu, EDd! rc ptm@ !ngn-

RTTUAL

n oRTY TvYo @ st of N $n6 wG.F rcord.d ! cliholic, fd thl @ da!.fo( N

':4t a Moad Th6. trsIF ft-

id dr lDrotlmE l)t1rd6 or thc ,fitlE in Gli@i!. Tlcr i.diEri,l didibu-dm * shl)u-m 6tu r. AI of Mirdlta

'Iof INcd[ dbolihlU of Md.ir . Mdhqnd of'.dn@ rd:Mc r,izlt or M.t,Pl&a md Mrlsir . JrLo,a, d. C{thoitcC.tholi6 omDv m rtu whoL th. tdn

'c'd . '4

oil't!l4 clds o Roa. Mc

'Ltu ocmw thcE ll.'d tn didim of'Ildh.L .lia d. min rcd\ r.d i! 6.vici6* of rna_L*d bE,

lldL kLn is-bui ,l dbri6 old in Al-

LIFE

of his pEd..6oq b Gno sitn thm AI-doEliror s.mhdffi d. mYil frbnvhE riFr.d tlc B.'ltli tuu 6d i@hipD&reordin! rc Hmn nq th. lhrim riti6dcoDm; rbdL Y@ nd who rilh 6bdo;o dsi,h6 sq il $;y r dL, b Gis,

rbr rdnbn d;61udd d dao6

rd Eiv. tlEir st@ion r. tll. mdlsltriE T[a G vtv

'M' of thc d.wirhs in

chmi. sokc A;bie rid h.d 5m. Idoe,J-.dS;of oih6 Modrn clmdi* B6id6 theviur@ drnnh6 dr. Brl(6h! h.k r nmbsol ;ol:,di6 lo@i.d id Frs rnd M,!i. .J'lovE;, W. n Nrd rhc .bbot of @ or

r-,q,.ic c:$.r.Tl lt *T.ryf.t-l:-1jI rin6 6 lorc Dui@ dE Ls ,r .tffii6my chrns; h,( DIm Pl& b t[. nmtq

'!d lddd oI bishooric dd Ddilhd, rd in

i d. nDhd ol c@isids 'At 6. tiD. or, d lddq dl.c M a bisboD in Z:dri4 @:- wllm tt. Ddlf, Dris of MndiE Ep.tudl

cn rhd bol c4 i,r thl witory mrtfi or ltl.! f Din, s@. of rf,e ,ris, lai Fldis Ks_j', nichvn6 v. vindit id Midi.qvddiE: ..Alhni& hid.d in Rom, oif,d Auti6'

Mi.v of th. MGLro ol enlEm Albanirhd@'b n ffidt h.@dd 6Dthdhood.tl* o? dr !.tElti. tlt Mb of th. lmd.!ol thr ord.r Ic in tlE i'trs tc6 of d lo.g..q Edly 6 6cidi sds@ wfry, jn de.liif ouBa. th. ciry ot c:no tlB $cc6orlic in I h.e { ih; .nme b tle ek Thcn d ol rh. ord.r od dl of tiE h@dn.n inrdidde d. AlbDis, ah. M t r ihi,6dd cnNne i! th,t tIrc Kh.divi'l fo-ilv of lsd vt oqin'If Albdq dd theYbiruhi'ri.n $iitirl chid. Pnh dt co6B

D6pft iE aotui€5 h Gb.gn4 Carholicim

dr ooon@q-tuh 6 tht ,rr sysm withG-mGr ll@irg., tirl muril8e rbr ldi_dq bLood tntbshood, Md ft iw.rflg dvi'ird. Tba (sod n or M thit d.nJds ;hich th* @6tr fil haE rd td.lioinEn. Ttu M61o fifth Fmis tb.m:nd d$ bs b.com nor populd. hld isdmd dk nG f6hi@bL rd b@ ovn'ird r.lidd. Th. D.@1. oI dr b$a, richm.o. &;y o6d, iidlths sph;nhic e.tr 1lle Mdldtr. Md Crrholi6 r todr'Thir fuidd. is of cN. r holdnE lrom ihendiod of Tuti&h dmidti@ Mdv Albo-is rdl4d lhl Tukc Msv sN$ Tuldshbv prcrMe. L r.sx dd !ii.s rlo,g I6i in z1&inr eith nv rl!lr)M, Mr'FEsndi vho @i'ddri 2 old hsffiwhm w p.s€d ld elti.a -ful&b togdbsnnhno Fm Noli $ffi dd lh4 mry tuv.bd rddshssl;r rdrq*- I(; th.ioffi oI Primi !.L-d Podioria

Thd. i5 i crfr; di@ dEdoe b@uc.r[oli6 od M6LK Tnt f@6 !d Po q&citlv in d. virtdi4. Tn Mcl.ms;l sD tun nddt !d e rt n\. f,e! ofbdL ;d siu nd d* i ioom whd t it@otdd. ln iB Dhc tha s. rMh fltmI:r in-dEn @6kiE Grholie dridlr snD*hd d* d @ i: MGlm ff fo! ln.ir:ldf,di.'c& ivid r". Thde ditdd€.e Nbablv oI no biol@icri impo'm., a| .;, d- o;.sh dd dd.lootrmr or rh. in-diviud ; cdccn.4 but A.v do $n. 6irE6i& tl'e nutud diBthY-oI th. ? &U-sio6 dooF rd iihibir igm;ri. imrchr€c

In Lq in . rorsdon dot 4e.dsg : iNhddr.d indoiuib. Gtholis rd Mod.cinm, In . siod. f,Gendd thc r2thdnrv b.Gttolie ttu_noth.r MGld,

'nd th.

chii\:L.n w r cho6. i[.n om dirioB Thitn dt odlv ohc€ in Ghsir Ph.; dn h,FDd, h'ir' ii ! Dn At of chq rrmil:'holiffi to ljl,; ar th. hM f,,seoui. drd iNehofth e loEd Th.il)9tlmmr of Ahn.d za mdc nDch of-$i isohEd si@ti@ @in-! odu Albmish f.lloe dr. ddDh .i! ih. LoM in rh.hll6 oI utid.l-dity.

Vdd @6 n! dG Diod ol iftia dlomd ir itif;fr db€ md drrA. In Md-

di .nd NiL.i, $. l@ .dopt 2 s ol lm.qMGI€o.nd Chri*id rrd.nDld ttu fomcwru.4vdg o,v6 @Ek. In.y sE

rh.o d hom 16 Hotj, th. ,,t't d one ldhn lrn qiN th. inerdiE S{b!. wi.h th.h.lp or th; Tukirb roEn;di ln FoEd.rd [$ bnk hd !tr;sful oduct n!. Tuk!@Ed hin rycirl qivilaa .nd b. eor;8, e,tb tu fDny, io ldr; Tt. 6 oI th.,de[t $I n6d' CldFlic bE th. t'd.dqn sch 1 c. i ld ti. orid b fond d;Ldd, In LB whc nix.d frsilie d.Iound. ih. Crlhoti6 b:e. ciE! uD koi@M !o 6 nor o of.nd th. MGkr6: &d a!L:6ii. M6lh fei!,t 6 e.u s chlntirod b rvoid htrbL. VF Er€lw r Midibsn;rsy. M6ld vod; fsi M16, bnivh.n h. dG sh. b.cm6 C{rholid

Who thc Tul6 irdoduea Gla ,IGh.Bs lm C4[olic. Alnd acl6h.ly.

H.G sa flY '@

thrt,lmct rtu of thrDKnrnry G6di6 bd Ed.d. .lddcbmughi 6 fim omid. tle Egid bt th.Tule or thei fo[NG ehi]. thc rm. ! Ddtu@nvh. of dE Mosl.r Gh.@ ,airlby ,''a{ ud nih. by db., s ;nlmiodprq}k4 dE lie hm n\. 2 eligidhs

'ffiin d, by @d laq r mriEl bri.r.

Duioc rh. sh;ft Eiod;f th. Torlt&h dlqoilotrG hrk furl.m.n ben $1. b dedmlch 16 widdy thd Md@ virh 6Id

' In Albdii. m lftorddv h.s d. @ntrthd '16. Albanis :E nar Erv Elei@.'fi; i. lfuUy sjd rith qidc Jn rn. Di6deo( I r.tiaidi in 3o Mrl r co6w iddrmdI drsdaG hDrdmd b @litic;n uiw, I.m 6q d- ih-r. i" ddjn lru. F.t ar-bsi6 r n&iG friiq f.v of thowlry 1bd tldt .Did@l s.brdor MN ofdr GdioI6 N b :irEI sidr !m. F$lr-is. rnd md-of rh. Mo6lm LeD Rdrd.n,llov.B. rtuir dcidr vd d liL Eoviddmd of tfu rlb:l vbich iiq n..d b dd!.n m oE ooridd sn;s, 60 ihd ctlr.h 6dnd@. m in hry mF sp.rfuG Ammi 6d lo*ld it io hn :blooa" 6r i. histud.d f$iny.'Il @& nmt of IG de.6oc dd misid @o& k .Did rh. Lnlttr'g.rfis rd :vmsin! rr d..i v-l d hd !i

$t iE irtud &bil*. Ther@.$of Mz.-{c. is . rituel i is in. @@;t Edirion-ofrn. n*d for v.nqdc. The rid ol bloodhiotldhood oaFdfduh@d dle rib.llFfomld by Grh;lic rd Mo6l6 .litr.._

Born Gdi.ti6 dd M6Ln! h.lir. in rno$ of ndevoLni sniu vnicn Dry th. nom"l@ . $end vft'ir in dr niriqtinr. ddwlnch cd slmM be lcDr iiblY_bv rh. 6.of nuLE. n@ .vn ,ir6 !i dr @.th. tlmbols of the gm.nl hongd, jlln6, sdiniDbnjry wbj.h b6* th. mroEins *rhn dtidl &dor c.rholic rd Mcld,]il. 1tuibft .m-@lntic ill1d6 o $.Ir6 by ntgiciq thrcueh ih. rg.ncy oftuirdd uil clippbg' wNing i[ll.s6, $cb r

umpira iuclitre rl r lict6t blood.A vrnpir. ;s *id to b€ , humm b.in4

NEl|g bi,t Dm rlqiK 1 wmr vho c;ch,n6 hd.r into ; iruer rnd dy inio rbom in vhich h.r vidim is sl*piq, & she6!s vith th. bloo4 sh. hs b hivt.ry odihd io rDir tt oe A sd rho nnd! schr p;bbd ;f blood on di orih L lrlai h. ms;p tr q :rd k .D ir s in mdd ; eoechin @rii" ,mDii6-sd rdddhni lrobrblv ;Dn. hitriu dd hir Ioilv o tutixtr-

u'hh p6plc rc_hMgry:nd '4

n ir esy

Md d r vith d vbpirt -win of cd;. b!tll@m vn@ mo6 d. .cddc d ny+..d@. rbo n r clE. ol dsdr6me id n\.colmbiiy, md vh@ 16 will ,ot b. Ar..dyr.li r 2 dild is sufdins from nrlnuEitionib Dd.nts n.v .sr M. okt wl@ {ddDi hd froni hd hoNe T[.y *ill rs.nd-of luliDs lucLd bbon ft6m ttu chjl4sd forc. h.r b sDit in th. rhndt nouth.Unds D'le !h! trv r mddv r ord.rb sf iwry. ff ihe cl rd ftoui, ih.d th.tudr c sE sh. i i rsDiE: if th. childAiR sh. M iMmt tor l{i ,pirtl. did nds ii. P.0DI. do rd lilt beirc rcrud ofsikhet i,r ot bvins ihtr

_.s.d smd-

borlEd han.d of for dirl sch rai@, Iikth. vw sDido ielf. r.y E it in hl@d-

Th. Ghs * F.* orhs.rrd !+turn blood f{& ;ii.l, will ss b lepth. pecc @ 2 $@. id tte plime ol 6c

.1d6, E*n if rhey ft Dsud.d @ seld ih. os. d|w iyin n(;1i lortso the smn..qhfh is !\. flibol whrch qra tncn Gthnldiry. Th(i m ,I5o s;r b.r.vs honc ud i. diviotid Mm r.6€d i' rhi!sLilr Ed n\. fuM by obsdire t6. s6.lboG of fovr od td seNb!;r sh@. Ihrv. vilc.d r Edollrne ot rh. 1,frd.:fh. bon. hs t6'$.ci:1 divi!i@, .dch ofshich h4 msiq. o' rh. shepk {DUlltir ioidt irlid 6 tn. h@q snd G dqrfr orlhdlowd indisB vheiid ihe houi. vb. opty o. i of vslrn. Tlis on b€ L$db Fridi\i sccs c failu. of doDs. Tlcridi. on rh. bldc shos whdh.r or fot doclrviii nulrirlF Sft'I lrcls d rhc blzd. cn.d6 aid.th. divind 6 dl how cl6! torhl ftnny, i.c,, th. 'now," rh. binh vi b.hy th. dituc. fe th. $.k.i Whld youhold ih. bLd. up b rle tudqhr d tmE th.rhiF md Nidm ol rh. bdios vi! Ellvh4 bd- vhm dllr vil b! 6ehri@,OpJqn. whik ooE n@ d.dl md- .r';pr sition ildieEiwh.rnd ihty eir h. widjnar vhhotrr rlr hoRhold of d; €nquiE

All of lhc ndxt r cdc.nit widr rh.ndntuc of 4trilibrim in Ghe roci.MOrrhs gi,. rutho;ry b :grm.n6,-rd d-

tuFr dd !\{ qbid i6. mrh-bnrlirqvirr ;roduc.. Bv .kq u of rh. drliiio;bdei r [nowLJreBlc no dn lnlDft th:sEk dr sitriB r-his d.iqhbdhm4 md p.tmir6: h. 6 :lso -NdEE drcjjiotrIom kvdinq dlid. foiif h; is r dieinu ofr.pthtioq tGvdds wilt bc betcv.4 Vdyorm ehr h. rdi6 qil cm. ru,

Sp.cirl ri :l suiind cllDnon m nrnb.Bof borh oficbl r.liEim leE auilbriutcr the diss ol biiti ffirirF 6d d.ain.Atl of tfie rihrL vhicl riD|ie rkir si:ln,bi6 e of ntrch sEd imDo@ h drGh.E 6d th. ri; oi chuEh or nGqueq hdLr c noi a RU rdru,Ed ro this pdiieulqflmof smi.ry- Aroi[d mch nlchmisnis @ditional hv. codifild rnd Dduized cth! Lrw of llk DtrLrsia ehid dll@ lh.nomhtn .frjmd. rcnDrd hrnrC; d th.3.letion of viv6 rd bwrd 6! blood tc!d,It $rys to crlvlliu. fom of 6elEvid rdi.hibii ch@. in thG vho 4 6id.d lr@childfimd dbcli.v. in i6 infr[ibL $thori9,

&ill .dodd Delruis ir .hd of dr d-ortgd chic{v in i@i@ i. ih.,!d, or Mla,i6 ir L mJ rdiliit !,of, b ouddGSi@i@ hou.fd nN @ d. G@@itldor iiis-@i.gd inmnEnr dd limdid6rbr@hout di. dkht wd6 tlN tb.dcdil thci' dcdoa {d mo or ttun @-BFDoftid lv 6i@ ddiioml Er f'E.nd'r tud;d v&bdrry rhar d cms. w !Di& s th4 *!i. dd Ec o[1;B vEbdfi. I- .. ,Lhd bn d' .l!eh4rnty tm prodigid Dmie Oslailging

Dic Nic 6rd r[c Hiohltld S.or ifG otr;ini ft. b b@ic d..rL lor Pfiidr th.y ,,yIr;r pcy d.2rly. It n I pe ol d* whoL cm

pl* of fddiDg, Iilc rt'd ornd bd nind Gfo@ dE dbbid.ftd {d cMh.ed d.s:d6 6 .6. @bim.ls clottilg by vhic[

Iffi di. limir .l.Figf,t his ftd Cnni.l rd politid rfini

An of tns culbtd lEchoitr b.l@ bMdlm sd Gtlblic virhdlt di*i!.iaTta brl uo bv ilr.!. lFu d of r[.*oii."n u.k ih. FDd

""d ir! !o @

&r i[r Alb@jrE si tld rh.t d nor "dIEiou' Th6r ru;'fi c *holosiqlli.s of Einf.Eiro ih. h!bi6 otr 6.hrvit bevbich rft .lmEii E6L nrinns tMr !i.iErl4 b th.i 6virt@d ud s str hdi!d&!mt o N pG.d $!dl'.

trIs:

THE HISTORY OF MATSIA E GHEGNISE

r rsrORY a tl* ljr.blood d dholdDhv, XorF in t!. eu4 lmEd d.qtr v dubio6

-tl.,i-r,lii"* a,i 't''-a.sr.

;r;6- N-i',hi. d.pdiL" H. basd nni-bni1 or N.Fa-,-n'l-.ii"wpu!Gt ;.'- d6db. liLhic,g. d'dr 'h:!. of m Por whch @uld. cnltG. EIi@-pfr.R : snd p.opL Ue ;6 a $.! brk bdolgcd b e lm Agah"* nu;-.*-dFv

-., "ha ti,J-ologicll B|lnk Ag. frds tEr rcody ba ndc

nts rh.v 6Dlov'b mk th.n rd jcmb Lr od vnnin otr Eftn'ry' A hoM 4ro rh. bi;qD:, fw th.ir rsd i6 3ia orsr rou'd od s.!o&' h! q'""d'q P'1"r.(LwhlLodfu iGribtioa hlv. {iro $ong hB 3J1)M Age sd 6 oI I tt?t *Ns R

'r; r.r dde fd eovtuc tor f@jgd PhHiciu c .rid @

iLoo*. -a

t6. o"i"-t""t-.t dtn 'i-

b(bdE idh'hEs o! th' M'dicrluoJi.t+. elt[.,et trl'

"*u i,*t dia thrL LdoJ:l lthd. dM fding birmd

' d'g_

or rh. hntrim liis b. hoE s ld tf,e hie groovtd h:fr holc nbrs i' @dcn.! wirh rhe n@ ooy $mr or bc

rti6fm@n riE H. mid sd.( only Lh@ .iPdiv. brou hi;

"hicfie ddlEt b hj' Dmblaft bt vtrlF mv hrv. Erch.d dt moullff.';;;;;

,i;;.br- i, L;6"d d,:x dibsm b';de bd i, is unrt..rv .h{ th(w en rhour th. dqin of !h. Ch.g FoPla Pl'o.nicj$ dkndeB wi'.;idl,i.llr; it;a- ,t'"';6di'ii .id6 d dEn, 'hiF-d,*d

in dii ddoLF

'"di; pfi;;;y b. tintr -*- mnri .s!ch g*ndu& h'E b'n d'

Ei.d. Ai!@ n EricDl'iv {hnt tb.ut aeEd in Hci (Mdsir '

Mrdhcl DGIL.di*,ii

-illi"--[.*or'J t* shi.h (r]iabi, . l:LNa)' Mirdi* sd Mrii rhc

uE-$rl!d Eibrl ehdnn oa lsm dI. n'in m:6i.1 End.d iion d'm ! d R€u

ed of hffi migr;tic rd o ml.rc. Hsl&@.rtP. in hennd hrv. rle hjddo n IM dlr .vc of obrd f6m nonh of th' Drin ;e idolel

i#r;H ffifi"s ;;''i ,r.. ;*..r *ih d..e?. 'p@-d rmn crdinic dd

wh,.olo?i!. AmnV e. knop .dhing Dolk Dolie t?' si6 or lh' HrlLEe cien$or is -hi,od brLr.ih. l_.o Ags iatid in Bmil'_"o_"li-"*

i,i'ir'. r.:'*. '- d"t'-t

" Ttn did.na dntutr Lh' or Fdkim

"u"ill "-i."i?,iii-".' ;'a-. or n i* irD, rb. ch.s cou$t'v$ ! Fn-or a. vts

Ed. oco@ in Altrii, H. di.oEEd I im don.h TMothdsoi ri6 sPPor

fm.D of ior|lfd flin- dR.tly und.r r !hi5 (wluiod s! '6'j t' hG d noe;;?:; ,*d b.d { M,l, D,i" iid o!6id. d bn*!,gt :nd or nodF .dl$iiii.1 iii- ;,'^"

-i'i,"Jriu-. *",t'.v rh.-ctrs hnsn+. 1'Pold b!'v q

;: "-

*fii"B PicJd, in : er n { bci6ll} fllvri'Fin r&t thr odv Mmr ol

;@-h.ld. -d

ln. d,;., pl,.* .r disn dd Eson sy l.ngr tltm o!c':s'ry'-nhw-ql .hdcdi$i6 ofmv dsidd whoIi"'""r,*ii.Jia tJ si',*'dl.F L s bior_ r the hishln& This ir nd ror b& orljiir'"oGi-i" iJ*; t"

-ddor R rh@rodcd Frrch .ie.i nmb* or

*;ld Ui.. b k"w whd &d o *hd mr Ircd Ag. i@doc h

':;;* k.- r* **

-""- .Ewtu in Lhd er' ThE si6 @Gin olimimE hlE Ltt thk dunEY

Th;* bls dD orlv bc ardy (M-@i.d. Ai!@ n FricDl'iY lihd tboutdue!

'rs {lt Fanph.d f'fu shich

h,"J*"Ld d,n Gl$inn oE lrm tl'. n'in,ltud of hlffi niBr;rid rd cdtul.Glu; hd. rle hjddo jt rM ft .YG ol.hMichq hlmp.ring a R[ th. ftlt-or

fr'kh,.ologi6 AmdlY e. knop ndmg!b@t hs

_hnod brLr. th. lrco Agr

O'lvon Da the FEihd m Richbr'r'rbjr;b llrv. fo6d rnv didac' of n'i*erc roponcy in Altriia H. dicoEEd I

I l|@.M of iorlftd flinr dR.tly und'r r

D iioT.m nd b.d * M:li Driij i6-dM'aXimi. Trd b no trn & $li.i. dr.t i'''Ytd. nd gufinB Pi@d, in 2 ow n r

:Htr"i:i"r$ili' s!#f*s#tffi.."',JilJ;l-*"I::l'ffiifl*6'iq :q ""* * " *fs.i!ffi#*jff ,$lF#r'l-Jll'd"Yl*-^l:;;3f,'ii:L*,', **, Hl"-*

tin m. {id.ly spltlt grory. G. S Lt-

L!g! ,96' t ideetd4l l fud&ud4l

'JnnofRodtdE'fug.{qwfugh!fudoDfq46'., 'AldEPfut6iqmP'i!. iPrd!-H&fu!*qG3qNqi4lorlTqltd$d@'b@ll4q16nufr | l j 'n iJ.

infuGllE.ofubPLydPrnb@LbgeLlgqg?wi 'h i 'odry ' rJ l lougt6c!d

boluDd@!gd6?oi3i4d?vcdll lyk

d4.Eth6Lfu.adegb'htqegvMqdd&ditr|8.lyfrologldfuoqetdJ'14@Ffuid5od'0r@d&qigdA-btu iocl !tur r.fo

'4 Rofua, t{ srDiq

ueTurdLmcElddoweba tue,

i 'yL!!! lFoPqMqlfuid5tErty,{fu"

Slch erdul ottrN6 of mdirl cDltua Nope md t&berludt hre. en lud.d rhtib. d*4\ in iheir toolr :gricnlhral inple

'rnE, fantu , cdM6, dd nd oth..

@llaolo€iel dd'ik E *n lrltns inth.,klL

A si.gL cffclNim i th.refd. a LgitimeI n is obvio$. Tb. Mt'jB 0f Gh.sni'@d. lii efi..litdt to6na4l dwdg rhen tlh ctui.t at th. tu n eni@ Aatcr'n. ri. Dion.6 vio root (fu th; M-!.d tra&e; w flvriN vhd aodr;n@ hib.h. lorlvd sine th.v hd.hdiliv;d i' B@L rd MmeEsrq thcyv.r. .lr..dy .diNEd b If. in rhii .nurm-

Flfutlr tfi. ndidr derrEd $ G,et@c'ill. do. rit of rh. IIlvriD Ildlsobolft. incluie .telm s v'.ll 6 2riifc,Th. ddi. oI rlis c.m.t ry is n.tltE lom

cltrV ihf the InEirs w.E Dot I hmGrdcdiB 0€61. in rh; E.isl fta Th. n:ioriN;f th. d;ol| a I@ I'od.d.

"'d (@i* ii

ld 2 cort.mDonriui.ti6 ot Nordic Thiris not s+rifig si;e ncr of th. IM A€!

FoplB of Emts ne Nddic Hoe.vd, oiBria d MrAid or rhe bEl !ais. wdbE hveDtdic :rne iruUi t?w tui mi-puq'.*i8bt sidNrl4 bmid foFhedi ddi! th. oc ffplc io vbjd lh. M|] bi4h.v. b€ @i.d. r l@ ud r@ilG n*.Tn* r Ar shllt .r Diiriid ,;d Ehbl.bd[ in. Bmu. A$ Din{i: sLnlls frooCFq id d. B.I 3.rld Didic mirfo;h &ly Bmu. &. siB in Gtrw.

AI of iitr .vid.ne;hicb s. hd. indidctb4 cle li')slln of d. Gl{imc HDLwm d. Ery oG pho setil.d Ghe.iia *

We luv. .@ tuon b sDD@ thrt t ,d@6 of tE Gheg" n r\;1s t6 y.s6dc tb. Cbrinim.!, th.i. pi@ !dio4Me w, nlrA nk the t.oth uhon ;dtituM. Laried i^ the y@rtetl 4 e],;M.TnL m€s thn rm@ ihe Gh.R chmcG-inic Dtrh6 Pd. eG:!r rrm 6. b.simbr.bn Fobably a: i rodty in

'h. poiuraioi"

th* th. Gh.6 e sdl livi@ in th. H6I5@r@ AE, this r.c th;r no nn.oldchr@-hrrt el6 ohe in rh.n Ech;l@icrlD'oc&6. rI thc fuErc h.d i6 6 ;oodiquimnr fd tiuiu ihc $iL Droasi@ aoo&ri'j'i bnjrdhg hod4 €,iis ddrr-@, {rb. dod.n MomEin Gh.g5 rld dky 9E.$le to drloit the lsddscrrr i@ 6.6ci.ndys ih.i o;dcn d6c6drii< TIE nllls {illplud D:ffA of Gh@h cdrd dru; hrEbald s &ae s e@ohrioi thm s od,v

irh* {snn ;, omd h. ordc ;hmr '(*ia uouir of .oMion, The modoi!

Gh.F Brind d.n 8ou,nd ful d.n clotfi itrnjih oMEd bv wu M, Thir ftj.@2 c@id mom; of hsin .n rsy for otidptrNi6, Th* niUe nw h.rc 6er indc'dtrc.d dEr th. iririn $trl.nmi Wrrfd:{hich n 2 chd{inic dchrin of Dq 'ul.tion conNl in nphnd Gh.snir, h6_.!i.ud@on ch,E6. Th. Tr& iftr.duc.dbdh fk:Jft d(ith.

'.r4 or sore c6tk ( F&

3, ,), s.rPoG of orl& md def.6..Thncmbinrion ftd nurd.r.aid thf bdoE,Dd tut hlc helDrd rtdue rh. Darkid.On the qholqih!-forc6ld itudidi r. of

'wdbcnrryrF.Nrd rMb, eF jo: 'o!

]r'

d,. l4d ad dt@€ of nupokr Febrbtvturdb:lued ah odd_ -

It ,lN h.v. bL.o $Brl qtui6Id thcPideB b .x!t@ o.ry vrner, cboG. rh.frd heoPalr si.s, 6d pat r[6 inF cdri-r.tiod, In r f.v @i6 @ t5 ffonbLldds rhjch could !trtl@ s !hs.r ooout&rior wodd.I5o h,v! $in d4d, Bd b; rh.b.gimirg of thc Cbrtstim da tn !io. i,lEih. nd ouuide inAu.@ r[4 oI Roma md.jb.U felr on rh. fad of dr ch@ nftn-hia ihn rtsi@ rt rcn h* b;n poPot*d b iE t)t!gt6Fid, Thi n.r dur6@ M ndmD rdRd;6 d uyo.. .l!?b stL vidd em.n inrcid F;d sirfi.m.d inrcio4 s l@y h.rc dicov.r.d, rh,Gh.p nomsis & t3id b el.

BDtagiouy th. siErificfe of .hn is ofmE. dur qhn. dr originrl sfrLh of osGr nst hlre bm r nir.d lor n\.y vftprobsbly rbl. o 6I dkir mmq/ stil prog-

by dd&F b inqd. rh.n diba. Th.ri,idiry of thd @ mdoubr.dlv iuviiNtlm Bdiq vhjle .th6 m:y [a. bsThncirN fron ih. Dbis b the nordl*.R:ciily th.y wc Eob$lv r nimfr ofNordi6. M;diffidrc rdn rh. -{&Lriclid:L 6MhyephrL f'm rh.5m @iocfd Pontic M.niiil!frru r!1n rhe Fi(ii.borddlrds. Thry vd .bL @ sw ir tlEi.om E n tjc itric rnd etudue rh.n ()m

Roiu ru.J]oE hee;m.h b sv rbou th.FplB .I tud Gheni:, bDav.ry Udt

l6e h ra siaifdr AI of Gh.on .r-ert for th; dftrm Dd!* of Mrti ddDibE fo@d . rd oatlE @inc .f Dal-tud,. vhile rtc. 2 $dioir of dihs DIswh{ is n w c.nnl alhiin wdr q M;G.toir, Th. DB.dt Tct colnq ws @ oftDiru, *hiah nA m6idcr.d itieirci fbrdee.. Wlil. th. pEd.c6oE of th. TslG

,soh.ii clo€spr4 B@* r, P. ir, ur6 ki

vlm qa rd Dd;,c{ .

d 6erb eod! d@@ !p ri,. ro. ts

Rn EIimG rnd thc. of th. chqs Ulwj@d. p.opr. io b.tu k rom.il by i ru_tu d d4 2 .t6rE. shlq i. BeIr*d\ ll:|'l]r€lc dE €bl Nbrniu dib6vhich rc sundurt by th. Mzcdmi@. dhm of qhm rpoke .2 Ulllrl@, H. estbn 3om of th. tribc w-cd5adv *[-hg io g:id cmcol mr orhdi bri rl,t rh.tuMmn plt 0 rnd b dn ;erty, Inr 63 M. M&edmi. be0. 1 Rmh DsinneTb.r rhe anhtr|l6oid 816 e;tLd drnodm Ghqs ir.oR trc b @n d bvrh.n G or ihr qord p./ti, rdjr) for .ld.;d. bbd lrm. In .hil (. jr,lli,, th. GELnonituriv. plmD, rd oNblv ri. tdbl@. Motoln t,u!ue. tu;nsidt..

Sbho IFB r @d 16@ c th; D2rda-is b ilE nordld

'if the cle cMw. on

th. KNno ptdq b.eodd ih. ;B 4iah€oI ln. nrr Drh,r seibo oftidr;d rh. Dr-tus s utulr s@. FoDh. tivim id biBuds dmghills fd p.-tri'8 s;ng.d" iciru.

Ihnhed Ronc virl r d.udr l;ii;fu colnE of rhc Dudds,;hi.h rheRodrft o4i44 m {id b b. havilvfoffid uD b dE n.iehborhood of Nsr ih!hod.b Nn, so mDoiEnt.Grcrds o; jnR{llM drc * bd.y, I+tu rfi. H.miq vhod r cc:d. the@h dn clMd n th! mdol dE I I rl, sbry- (r, lo0r l i2r ). idt.d7 djy! $mqh thii ro@ ad 6.rnv €chldNli vh;.h hi foMd b be d.f.ndrd bv mn.$i\ md b tuvt 7 s{a FwEd ei:tn lIn i717 | &i&h Ev.lq (L.dv Mfv \r,..d-ley [ronh8lJ foond dl. foH nilt di4, rdinr*d pirh 9n$ of bmdiE'o Id r30o nlcnor this foE s6 dill Lfi *hln dre gqhhnp.'s6 Ndrd 4iffi th. TulG I.d bvrahg.orx.. AU or1* n4 !h{ s I@;.h. phin of Old S.rbir e6 forBtd, d\d mMn in h for p.opl. to *pdd, Ir FE nd IchE of poplhridn f'm vhjch Le. nis-doa corlil 6i i.id(.d

{ f t th*dlndlE*ebEd&!dkeira Dr6h ns;&;@d iL dtr e DE

-l1E .vid.ne & .Gl|at rj.t in Rotdm dr qaEpbidl dhiio! of Lbd, bYM of ihjah

_d* mrEll].s dchrrs.d

tf,.n nw cEirl fd to6d Fo& i!bor&@ ruL* @wn5 hld ir.rdi b.srsioe di. rld ch..ol@i6l EiGid inAlhdrln !i6 ir .ithd of *niA Th$citdrd RlM na[f.duq .nis s'tu nG b'Eb*n in foc tlm the b€ai@ ol ih. IllFiin $id.td On thl Artri'E-c ,i& of itr€nMu6 $nl R(fu Eldia DG brakn llErd Nlwoleielv

_d _4.@o

(vuldt'i!k,j, mi[ or Sc6;), qnm (r$Flik), rd Inillrd Gb.llia in puls)

'! Th.RonEc *o ddpild sdi*i (s@dE), Iah(Lis), md ou'. (Dttuhju), .nd @n_iEEl rh& r rultt d)s[ Pith r rod.

Ar Du@o this rord 6m!n lrsrtd llmthc @s! ud wf rc6 c@ty, foldingntE tlffi db h dE Dinic chrin nold ofttr Gdf oi aorind\ od to LychnidB dLk ochri&. Thi l lhwv stirt d ba didM EvtE t[. Ghls;od;ric scitrs thcBl'ch Drin je olh of d'c ptMt db{

anod;r d4 hde, lu niehl dctls nNhiB frm Lis (Ith) nth of rh.Drirr: It DawiY lolN.d ihc M. m'Fc d. Ddd.in rma ehich lod flm v.u iD@i& in &diim b l,lll4 irK th. Mr! i Zi2nd'dom b ihc 5.dr of the Blr& Dri' i6. lhd &he solth of iE cmnll.G sdrtlE Whie Dar. Thn ro'd follos ttu sihbrnL of if,c WhiE Ddn fo. dou l3 oil64rtdr point th. dtr n*6.3h'+ b db

In Ro'm riffi tlE omt y b.yond th.@nft.E of rh. 2 DriB e;' ps of tlENdte ol UN MGi& Th! md on-iimd nG dir Drdine b

' ehm ox.d

IJlDim h d. R&ore Dltit\ Probrbly ndd. nodm tod or Pristuiu. iM UPBDn v..i d 6 tlE MonB' nlla vhet itftch.d tIE nrer d Nri4 tlE nodd citlr ofNit Thb rdd lA nor th. dly Rmrn h'gh-wy Phich ctcd th. DiEic AIF rmm th.Ad;hri. ifto th. rod.m cis of Ni!. It Bdly m. of I n.ihods 6f g.Eitrg fsmrh; Adnrd. d o rn! DD$. Ellry od_

hrl Fr b t[. nor[. r f,ishrry @r.4ds.oir (z.nss) i6 sth of Fi@i witb s's(Zisb d Darbv) .!d thc mc dM &Srf. Fru SFrr'M isDlir) bo t PE D@nbh b cc ih. wcEli.d m RM FGnd. Th. Yi! t!dt, rcrN enel Ar[,naofidd I lot@ ouk to Nil. fd n l]*rdium(8idi) n ;d r dstr

'!g16 I dd going

dordr ud $$h. o* bMch of vbich Fs.4vir sopi {sLopljc), o UpiD,

cdDt.lobL of the EioE mB Altho[ghdE Rol])s

'Nt hrv. Icd it h @u. thE

ir UfrL.vid.re ol ir lcft-bdan h d rdh.v. h6 suiFbL fo. *lsdcd h6q ld itn n|!Iw. si*i&, dd !l4 codsLiq i'pbB or 3r0., h;! i! t& iocll d buift oril'm. Foi 2 .idnB d. dFLs frN hrRrLor r Ghd nol;Ei! Gn@, Thn tl@,hir d,. R;* DE ha* ldr fdi6.doriffi ld $& M@ rt. 6n ni{hrwould uL. rfim b Aerir rc.r,), ih.!@dd & c@6i u .irtrd th. NdtSDdh c Etrrhi m tlE htlr buL .f rh.Diir r In ril6 h.lov dE mft.G. 'lh.ihird niclr e.uld Et dlnN@t!.DI'iad dr -*w b tndi:L

^ Ronu iEtad@t

* G$ddn sos;qh* rd Comi c zein pc.nti.y Hs @;bry, t y l;v. bEd

ni. l@Dot ol Eoods oE thit rc.4 vthDrcc6ed

'iErir!

_'rni.. d ed Ew

'Fi.d.ls *6! tu idn -tnhi6.d r :ftngi.dpHriod b rh. nounbin d o .irh.i side,Tha Rffi nsr hrE tot n !u.rd.d lorodr@ic nb6h€ wodd' I'm- hd 6y.cdtd nd Eos, dd tuo$ mDn fric.diadd hffi it$.!dd $Enry.0d 6.lo.rl Dauhim ftrbrD. tuy oI tf,. eldi6scc daiEd rlm Ghe d16 r fioft dFdc flm rh.n o*, Ev4:d smd

'lNh.rc bd d$id; !d w mv @d th.trh. aMic errn of Ghanit i.un. sIDql,i mer.d driro Rm;n dN ddo d.hichwtr Thi, woJd rf.a pdmiFni ih.EiC. oi FlrLa :.rG s6icn mich ofihi GdN .!d rl'o th. tib6 of Lmr .nit [lc.ivhictr n &ic.

Ale! dr de.9 of ln. Wem EmpiE th.

t r$4[dd' | f l 'm9

&

t;

rmd rN Mv. ben nah l6s pe@nik4 fortha E no oR .irld b l..D n uD or ordE FDnh.@ shc loodr ;oold c@i oEof Mcid od Drcir viuld m 6 B]adur.thdr|id 6 Ptra In ih.-4rh fd'Jrl ectuiB d,.h. Cods mrm ps of ..funGh.Sni., ud ddirioB rbout rh.m lm.in idth. sib. of Lla shc !@. .r the mrih-.ffi my hiv. *rd.d, In

^.r Jrt, Jdirid

drfekd dm ud cliocd Gh@jr lor rh6*rifi'?di'ir"

i* "t.r,. o.,u "l.- a,"dl6c ovit dr hfu mrd si! n G h.iehr.bonr .h. 4r[ Hmry of th. qrtdd ixr,thli .n eib@ln on .ftnd rid. of n mryhr.bmtdcmE ed b qriltidjty. Con-tuid. himdr. n5. 6F Oritim dtreanrv hr,. Dasd iheuh chr@ia id l; ftr Li:rdmi.lq urtift o? Ni!. bd 6ri rmrdof Chd*id 6rblisbmnb io th. moulicis &Ed rr 377rr vha ihd tu dsrdy.hthop .t Pulai, md bv tf,. r4tfi eoq Eh.e nf 2 bshopn.l tu&l.ffi M.iod fdPliibs MinoE vhich IE itri&d inrt20, Anoth.! bisl'opric hd iB si ir rhcvilrer of Dri$b lDlirhti). in Pdip'!

E ny in th. 6th dbry ti. ntln SI'sinPd.d dr B1lld*L A cmEry hs 5d. ol

sdo tlroqh rh. Dd! cde j.to Gha Eribry. Drob;blv follNi@ ih. old Rm:n_rcrd.rrl.;;rnrr i ih. Adri;ic t srin Dddirrizd bv ih. Sl.vic Dn. of rh. st Zlilri@rnd r;Dhd of othd plc tl:lc. For t006 thc S.Ibim hn6 ndnbin.n . .@inn;ure ovd rhL ndl;j! @uEy. Nd .ndih.n rh4 dtuNb.d rn. Gtft6lic NbdnirD@uknt! s in lrrt, vlE dE Td DBhmi{i"t the ori|iddd n@ of Dsldi:'A. hnd or rtu e LF or som;q d d.. dqhr6bh ol dr Rfi in -rh P'n:d bLhop e

'lmgwith n khhdirg Alhrnim dinid. dd anMb.r of bdd.trd vh@ ffid r..d Ertmcll lilc rhe m oDr ndumdt hldl6,B.M.n rl72 dd 1,127, "Hel€!r, widot ofSEf" Dshm. :nd hd roi, Us! lsicl,'v.ed nGt hiftdly th. c.rfioliq rnd.poitd

l .M4l f l 'F: | , ' ' : *nf ' I rd ' ID'DEa4'EI! 'h! 'orydfu

|L|htfuebFI;'gdFsrfr:y'Fo'F|e

th@ of ri.ir goodn rnd rcduc.d drm to d-

Du'iq rhe'Slrvic Eiod n s ftcly rhr thcinnd.6hd sm. .trdi udon di. p.Eiccohpffid of rtu noufu i.ople r;shlicImq $ch d orGll e como! @uh i!Gheni4 the si.s d*iory hd f* tonuch of th? tuEr, rd sl.vic @ch h:da l4idoble .tei d ih! Albrnio ilgl}ur!],. Thn v6 nor, hNRd, x irtstuhvGioo fron rh. eEndDoint of bd@dl inEGt

^ on\lE rh* folriw,l

Dui@ ri. bri.f Hiod hwen .!E .nd otn\. Otd-SErhhn E;piE rd d!. riflc of rh.Tul1 th. Gh€

'@ l.fr.ld. Th. Turk

blBr ih.ir invGm of Albmii * rh. 6d olth. rarh entury, ,fG n\. b.dL of K6ow,in 1339. Thry tu! in brd. rn tlmid$l.sdnderb.sn (GroF Cbrdn), ih! oGImoB of rll Gh.6 He sd hn locKEh.ld rh.m of tr.; his roIc .t ksia (dCrora) miil :fd raTq tbe d.e ot rhe idl ofScubi. Tlrc Tnrra nad eoi .mF.l of nlth. hiE

"ds. hddd, sll of Mirdib rd

Dulsciitr dd ffi ot;dE bnc r$jmdGtho-Lc drodhour rh. Tukirh @od. Rc-mrni@ C{tholic ndr r[* thq; qE. ibL& lc.i n\.ir omtry lft of Tiic. Ir

"lsn mt tlut !\.y unrly syed d hom, IIov-sr, mrny oa6. chlirj$ :d.pEd MclonrlE which th.y u!.! vhd th.y Lft rh.irtibrl &ditory b isit tEl.r rouN, md thismom % fin (die d ii r9?9.

All of thr G[q_rno vc one.red ioIslo did rd clbr. tlEi.6jtt dmush r.c*sity. Mrny of drn ew FId dvmbgs i,r.ki.g d$ shift A M6lm @urd er.y r gur

; vill #ih.yu; oudlw H. cotrIdtd.lin Tlrlish br;bry vidld havin' 6 v.rrrbdt b.iN cruhi md h! ourd o6bin mne..6dnic ;dq;bF mr hi! chrs:n ftl;'tied, rho$ nniA

'rm@.nu, ulitc hk

oNL orcdtred r r.IsioB-@nttd. H. onldioin tit Trrliih mi- od rt. to fiteh d&r;w Tut{ti 6dL RE Ab$nni ori*Alti.ilB b.c;. ligh cN o6cirk, On ol

nDuhd!l '3, 'F?H,

dlm Imd.d rh. qrl hoG oI Dredr-d.vF€l?i Th. Tul€.ipftirEd dj; Albuj;sDt.c rd ErcEd M oe.r hry osGTI* i5 m r@n vhy thftefoe\s of Al-bcltG @ stnr M6l@ ud why -albdi'llllj'trd s l@ r DM oI dk Tuliih EtrDni

Ah\owh dtr_furk3 pob.bly did nd'ddmEh E6+:lty @ ti. Gh.s popoLti@

*hich Dry h!ft hd som. .d6 d n. I. ;arlrul dr Tulr dut Nd Wodd D]nEwh;il .h. B rff, ,lthousi i $m iLcrd befoE 13t0, Tb?y rddld miz., hdicdb44n dd eb.@ b rhc li* of pl,'6 vhicheould me in dE erlkE 4d on dr nou-Ein do;a M@ rd h;mr b.u Err thmn v f;dsntrr bnr it is qdioebl if rneYYi.ld no& c.lod* @ .@ rhd dr! dlidimdffrl hid rird b@d-bff. Tobroovi ft DdnEin.6 : n.w hrbit snd . w;.d. sd r&o. csh cer, Ontir{t btrlnkof (h. Likd. erf, t[.ii

^lieion dc Tdc

Droducd ; Dohibnid .s.i.i DorL. rrd d.-idEd ih& cdlc o!-r inipoffi rood

Bsidd t[6. aricnlhrt ,nd di.dryclva6 th. Tul,i i_n@du.d dr, or iffi,,lnt th. moE hY.Ld nr&

'n MGld 6-

ibry. Som. of the ,m @brblY o@PYrh. 5;n. loEtiod a Roro hdL Tn. pn;idi@ or ,rrii (imlaE), rd ltaii (tutuof honB) Rm b h!;. bd TuLsh metuio6 h Tulih timq naw Atbdnisn6Ed b orhd couFe, rcB of ltl(rllsd5e;t o dr PLin of K(xlm, se@ddy fromthe Gh* co@try, ud msv 066 b C GaqdcE rtreE shll AlMrid{eiliE diebicu i Anim rd dk P.loponid, -MdythN.nd' mdrd the Tutisi ,sn ddotLr sovM $Fic MdvhiL, hof th.iEmdr oI CnsdD Albdin, 64ingih. :aak, FitLd itr IEly {d Sioly, wb.i!tlEir dddndft $:u minbid dEir 4hnic'-i;;;r" ,h"

-d n ."tur

"h,r. inre

dcion ol the Tsls. hoNr, ws-6ffi,GllMitlE ii rhc tuhr btu fdnd tt.noudin* eF 6 oboid lh. DN gapdqhh rhich tfid odd d o'Jy deflnd th.!hom nlcF fri,m inwdes, bui rlso vdk od

- sc ri4?r, 84 PP de.

dEn l@l gdd86, Swid! did . hqr?

pituh.nd bnlboid, omE holld b.lis, adir*d{-hotr, F{dids ms b.c:ft nnch.5id rnd M Ldrl AfE 6l!r@ rnEdth( t ri,, or M. srla A}fidgh thir drt

p66iih. s€i 16 of nf. d; tn. mv

N@ tnrt dE Ghs w di'id.d nb tmlaios crcua dd f,ld E@ dl. dalh Fi.ffi h&i iniEasd T rnll3 $€ftrc,..lmcd for mc of rb. popuhion lN.Thcy ddaoyed dl it. b*E of noin Abdirfron Dll@o e Scldilr lrd oti6 n drmounEiN I w.[. Eor .l{ple thrt dnggdrh. h:itinz Im of !\. M of Drilhri i! t@EiB rh. -st of r .dy brhopnc, b Sd*i,wlid. d,.y b.hd&d 6.n',

_

Msrcn ,.d digntion ftdtred thc popnrrnm .f drin $dioc of Gh.g.i1 b.lov

i6 $nLmhr in ihc F $r Imd Ag., rhsopding th. lry 6 n.v ilmignoE, Ttc

H.drs.vi@ qlltad ou by tb. Tulilrqpui;oa rd iGculdy d th. lngeldb.s€ Tuk dd sl,s,Tut&h er SLric hur rh. MB .1 rh.pEshei. DopdrioE nil s.dda i Liinizedion or u-Fir^ ud Grholic, ItsDech rndr€liEioa di.y fomd 6.ds.lvd f hom. in

Md oI d.m uivd dui@ th. l6th 6-w. rn rh. ,,tar ol Gmdi Mis D@n,nfoind too how, 30 of old iadig@u tuclqhcing ih.n ucEy b B.rishr (Pulc). qhil.rh. orhu 4?0 wa irhrbied bv tsoDk qho

nde ini r;oD in-ni€ru6. srbd Dj.lt sfio lf. dom homH.P.Sodm .b@r

^,D ltro. A r.w rs

Lu. r !.st 4 brothd .dErd rhc MoLi. .M!dIE oudy Lon B@4 ti.y wr C.g14 oc.fu of th. Pidi rib. h M.n6n€do rtid is now Srvic id @ch .ndOfu'oaoi in r.liSio!; vGo La dic ,l]dorof rhr simnr 6h. of Vdoj.vibht Kmi !rz,fcd6r of thr ,,tra ol (r5jqi n M'l!i' eJ,*.vE;{6 of vh6 e nd M6Lm. !r-tlmuglt 1f.w r C.tt'otc. Nik rh. sc6br

1

of NiL.j, @y hrv. bed .ithd 1 6iih bothcr

Th. For,L ol Shktdli .odEisia r qtola,aiEI, * sid b h1ft com lJm16.i.6ffie $o 1600! rd Elan o€ . v'll9

bd b.d lilt d ofi ,!de|iN cnu.n, Shld Kdli (Si ChdLs' hm.Snlldli) dMo'.n. Tbr.. nun&cd ot ofJm nou6 ir Kifri c sid b b. ddedddfrom . ns srbd Dctq wlD cn. frd ah.Kuch, Egio' of Mirllragrq virh ls 7 soG,H. d, ho\@, ftpEd io h'e. b.a dFlsd.d I'm B.rLht the oldd ldD*o fJ inAlbni& Th. 4 d?.Ar of sd@, vtrldi BoBr,rnd Nilshi in Kldi de n\.ir dffiifrom 4 .os ol . nd elLd lcitdi who fcdfr.m drc nekhhorhmd of cBinjr.bour r.D.

A! ol rfic i.nrbibc of Mdsb . Mad[. donot chin d@t fm thd. nv.ditrg :ctoE Th.n d:ditioc ft so mirnt th.nltrrl@id eo .Ld, rhd * emd ddbrih.r rh& rvsioB ooh Dhe. or 6t dni.rpoDubdd Niv.i. In druda 30 h@ b!loriqd o th. B.ri5h1 tt ,

-hik in Uori 1 rEI

nuibd of M, d:b.rkic, ludn d Thcn scoffi inMdried

'i!t d@ Th. d+

seddffi of the 2 p.pdniod.ld.ns tillinlffi Epul,rlv. tto huJ Fd oft ofrhr J00 h;66; K;@d d. peinruioll. rdaa eid n h. or slcqic oririir. R.ci incloddr fN ho6of dg. Jrk;dof n\. PoPurl_iioq li[. Lra.hiM d iu 5ctu Eh4GIrcm Shblo rd Pul:ri. All in

'll, M:lsir.

M h. sns ro hrE hon ih. btur of thnBmirk ilMio.. nd 6luE ddit d fmm jt. llgr pd of jb g rtic costcitim (6&

In odd Btu o! Gh.Fir ve find lNGvidlne oI ivcion. :fh. Bqish. ,t is hrd@.cd McL Minly o 1170, Prcb.bly to

^,r1270. nt thatol{t irm'e*Ut btk

@ rh. DrGRmm Eriod. M;rui 6ljt oEtlan x;isha ehoul_rl l?c10. Thc 2 rcr.&iol Dslna Tdrli .nd DusLmi ekrom sine t4or, wh.d tfiet rpP.d in witsh@dr sdli6of V.rje. Th.e* PmLsblv nmh olda. 'fll' pdpl. of Dii'hti'sh;c DEd.csoE w* de.:fty.d bY d.

!tu hrsi.. e e!turiB ou{ k .ns.j,

Tulrs, @ flm difdd! pb6, Th. !a-Dl. of ToDlrrr w d.m s t[.il tjtd;ouEin

_tuehold ll1n V@i6i-r.h in

MmH€s_rb;ur-1450. khg pgli.d or by

of PEni {ft fod I io'@: Kffit! Md-tui ud i'dis.nos da. Tf,G of Kni v@flm Kmtu -:nd loJc in Mo.r.nEm. Onbudrd hoM oI f{'i;r papL G;dd ro b.d6and.d fron l ilailid- of NiLol bv r$rFy. md E ql.d ritrn Th! ir the ;nlyisde knoM of f!tuj. d6@c ud indi-aG rh. El4iv. $cirl stu of th. .I.gd

Th! Iuos irBim of th. Dd@in brdi-E, shGh Sh'1, Osh SFe, :nd-x6hr.aNbrblv took DLe b.foE th. B6ist ni@-ii"-j

.Mn ri*h,-.r.i,- ,.- r,.--th"

?dill! tubbiN nld J*oa vhm th.yl'm Dd oI rhr lD.l Eib:l conf.d.@, Mii.ro';du nm.d l,t-i* ,,'d c rh.ir honn.In s.trL i[.v r $.bcd b h1E foud lmcsir, dlrk'podi'eirh whom ilry DU-nun.d A ls of tf,G rd sy.d or! endtld n $id 6 h. 3 hds of ih;r r AbiEin hau Shd! {n . rh. d immiPMEd bDcneni- Th. MirdiD bttim f;md i[.Dbri xnd lr D.@1. rn.rd of thd,

one rditid;rG6 ihdth. DnLgin rai"Arof MirdiE did nd sEY lo@ in thd ftw6onq bs wth ilE Tiitd Idd Etr! Sifuind t|m midi'g the !.igbboring nmEis,

f.m ehich th.y did mr tu io Mirdibutil &ua r6Ja How h. tbis is. rnd hdnrny FoPlq iI uyl it invok.n, cmor b.

W. hs 5.rlv rh.r l&or. M ss *edd bv D6DL fb; vd;G Dm of th. Gb.cmouAiq;d tb. vn ieE;.of lFli, The_ev4 ciris of &t!e lilc dlid tdrc h.foEd.m. Moft €eir rhm rny oI thde i thevill,e. ot .lIsl4 . c@mm,ty of r tho6ndFot. |Iq 6.oen K@ljl{ md kauiTl i ir tha Eiddc. oI Sdbid{pdLi.g,Ortiodor l:l!m. vhd! odor n d ftomblood r.n@c. in v.rioB lG ot Mmc@q H;.pi4 md 8o;ia Th.y hs.nd y.r b.com doorb.d. $d qinl nod.h

DoIdG wbr diry 4 prob.bly vill .d b..Th.y 5mr ou pnrp@ or jllGirus I pli.-opr. oi PoPMbd novmd m I rNDg

Th! d& ou hisry $ b the nn l dlEof dr .$noqnoNc iEid 5 {t 6n€d inchr@ r, "r;. bDJic PrcbLm."

fd&f, rnL lsed in AlbdL ! il l9l?,AJF th. Bdler ffi DoMbouE Liq-dm ffi q uD with ih. frirc. ol wi.d i,kia, rnd dl. irD'ul b Dllrua Ddir'g 6iluniib!.d ftim n it@rion'l bounda.tlmiisid l{i oui rh. bod6 of ttu fti/,ek. sd {.v4 Fint uh.F th@ % rn}ocri@ Albdi dm out th. le Grudr'i* rir6 m M()mn.tu, Th. GrudN *dolud;rd di! FljriEl-chq. n.d o scus.Hob IdrFr'of E bnd, pfuoldly

'G si'_

kr Dtu. Tlr dib6mn of XLn.fri qEio cit od th* th.y could d dne. th.n fl(16to fi.t ubtr ptu

'rtr s.Mi wid'm

siu MoEni6in ni@, *fich Euldh:v. b;n .on'eJ.nr b ldiri: thd rinEtTh. s.rb6 ctr.d th. bodd 6 nomEin GbddM dd Fods to JrLon F ndr, sddrll.il muy oI rh. Alsdc rlm bddrthit ciry 5d IDd. That nrt ir:|fN in_D6ibld to mlil bce.; Kut(Ei sd Pn'r.n!'d r9r9 or D:'ty @ hcld dp : qhoL d,t*hn *. wi. sirchrd b da ikitr, otidtdo rod 2ldd .tl of ou p.D.q ,c$d ofbeins drgld! Goaq dqr;d F. 6n !y E r

." il,. da i\n om;f G wE drM;E& in:ln P'i;D *. Irod th. idL tux of Ab{im

DftEse.IaSlo*ardktomKokB s@ trp r: m.Ldhift n.mpol4 ddid ?6hlopir Tmdmo rnd ,r6:q r

".hsva 6a frl..vd rh. bddd fm J.r|qP'izu, rd Di61a to st !p sbop in the lrflpl.d Th. b.Dd.ry coniisim colu bv.cEr.d no s.r in€mtid1] h1t.d if .hnhd b.6 iE principd obkdiE

Wodd w' I lolo*td mnedhELy duihc uwi. dciioq snd dt povdeo!6Lia nn r#y. At rmy of S.rhs;n.ong fortn.i ljE.

'imh.d rcN Dfts rd M{i

bminr dd ldolN s Lt v es4 @ 5..kitq-d corro. -Auobn ;.op., * .h.irheE @id Scusti sd th. M;lsi1c Md-h., c vdl ; 6. E gi o n o f K oL&. rlEy b tril.

r faw rn&_ lrd bndgd, dd Itud tinc b

AJe! thc y.ir Abiir h.sm. I EDublicwith r p.dimdi Fddd rnd dibrl i{it sbmd ilmobn*d be d. trL oI md' rh. @bL wd m d;Gd f.i sdldtmnir.Lfud a nmb; ,jf viol.ii .piso-d6 AnnEdZoA, n of th. ,or'&b of M* r rhl uib!or Md, b.c@ ditutor, dd i, lclo pccl.in d hi'Nu IriE. Hrad bv thc N.t oIElb{r btcrc h.-hd jlrd 6. d:ishiu orVdh6i. ddr nN Droniror citiz.n. h. NcdBrisd bv hb f.llo; noodrs md bv th.Tdc 6 iftl! mcr ol vhon iM in hai ruLl dn d io ihci. f&.dm. On th. rr. ljl*sios wh.n h. ddd L.v. his Fhq h? h.d

iooas .nd window sdch.d 6d gurdd,md dm th. rc kB *rhed: rnd ddh. 5rtr a dddbL'ahlad ,t Inn

H. did, hDv*i mrl{. r nunblr of wianovs. Or va @ dltry Colond Sr ie.rd.d a r smlrmn oi LivRne d AJdi;s hn .6omt'dlis- Anotid vd b a}doe da.r21 vm Mirdrch of .h! Aei4;nie m s !p hie miliw m:chin.. A inirdtA io oiR n!. Bdtih Gmnl P.4v c rrehlnd n-oEiniz@ r cdd:mdG. GfflP.e b@Gi! s; h; . n"ff or Bntsho6c;q vhich idclnded cotmd l,trrh sndMridcl.gg. The dp.ndc.d md rhcEd

lnshm:d; :id s EDort rnd dur dou;"bh. F- th. fi*t d;. in hjno.y M.@vs Eking htli,gd sF b rid tn. mdG

W. ftmrA 62 of th* sm&m6. dlloc.l md Tm.ty-o.. cft llm Lm;, 17fff M!ti. r0 frd Pul{. d fM Ml&ir .Jlkoa', 4 fmn Diba I frcm Dukqin, .ndor. frm Mdsia . Mcdha Th. BrftnliodaEftry wi*lv 6€d Gl'.6 ib Gha conn4. Tohrci ,nmirn..n nodiifi vdiri h,v-m.areoubk- Mot of ttu nm wE Fein! witltsin ih.i. M dib6 fd ,ri,}J: b oftad thaweE in hiood .ls.whd. Thi, n* ocdli-tion fo! noonBin .E srv. drm 1 chrc;bs hoe of dt wdd tho befor, for th.yvE Eqdrd to 6in in Tilu or SodiAlthoEh rtE s.nde M n.d. lid. o.no diEii ch,A in .r,. di"dc or rh. nosE'n.rq r4 d'e m6 tury 4 tlkn hrh6

n

did, ir la in trd d:d..n erf6nd, Dd p.'mnr o6cirls, by d! mc frn rhdrh.F 166 $cur.d th. mrd 0d Pur don

ln 2 Pn .@Dr b d.,l il'. ribal $h. d.dbl@, Kiq Zq abolieh.n .I of tfu olddieirh rd boudG6. md .ll of rhr oldt ffi or 8elffi H. djrid.d Atb.ni:i'b t)flm6 d.lib.nbly oEin! rffitib6 nd ,4ira&r rod iF;iry 6inl r.egftphist frodii4 s 6npJd;ty s did_th.r9D boud,ry co'm;siod Ku*a ud P6h-Lopir h4u.6as of dnjInh6@ { &dr rooch.r dirM,ti

'rf.d Bu.li. In 66e

ilw Pi.ea h. *r trF Pef€G 'nd !trm'i6

W. ntud m. '!.4ery of c(m!e"in Mjrdiia vhom thr oihdid iEnor.n. H.s5. etiv. of d6s,.. Hc mploFd r loellm b Frd ifit ELDhoe lE hi, o.lv li.lrwiih thi ffi-f.d,l vdrld- I. lu81! wn |lEd . $@ory oI @n .nd I *io.I-ftrnd, boih M.ri mtiv6_ Oih.6 whd wdid rd nrrsr vc dEid6, In K!l(a; v.nffid I gdoftnr cl.rlq 1 shodtEahd,fd a dml€y in dE irn, In P6hkoDir ourorc 9* , id.m ddl{i : Bjd Djbhn n td tulodlr 1*@ry or co;( rrmBt Dibq.d . l@d comri schooldchd-

Tha 7 .irn !flic. dDlo€ *hom w.inclodd in ou ldia k rn ih. mrduG ofin. insido of Zret eoe.minr dn 6.Mo@rij. ch8 ol -rhd odv a crft IImdbid. dk rA. The or d; v.ft Dd orrh. c@D tl* d.n Bis Dibh .fEr r9ri.

Iirr liitud oi rh:

'onhm Aldni' sina 1910, wh'k iuldi'a

n bl@d tll. smD. of rh6 Ed. Sm. hr;rorlmFlqin mif tudv ir viih Do6t b dn-cd( ih. dtlffi: r.h;"|@i*l l"-n,."*lmd DmiidiahEh m:ihdv; bk n pheriu6 ou &ri6 vs r.slcd l.foE nieinsoa na: ollq thc folwng ffi1ry or !t

l, Ar fr { w know rhs 'onnuis

s@lni'h.biEd bdoE t00 r.c -lhry *F fd.fdively $rLd .t thni iim. or 2 lird. hdby rnyin{p.rEja Hdlsln len Ae. D.oet.novis sdiledd rnd .award tm; Bdii.

2, T1. mjodty or the Hrlthr p.oC. in

!@is wft No.dic id @i,l wE A nind-jry mBisd of pl,@cipitd L;itrtc.ph,r!.J. Th. nowdnffi h!v. Eind rh. ..8

of tIEn mci@r I'|lqa .ad th ffidiIatUE of dE qifu.IcdtltFid chnotl4t ud sit b.hr;id-i.rc th. ri'. Fiod.oe.r.d by ousmdy.

4, Fro6 Rmm ritc onFxt rh4 h.v.['.d by | @crJy lm ]tE @io;d rd.ttuc ixvBidi or'l'bd, Ti.

-;"En*fm md hd thc! h.d! rd dchr@. i[.nnt Dd honeproi:.$d @ls nrEri;is widrbtffim rlo.g th.n boril@ @iyi@ rdchrng. p@;.d g.odr ud ikjtt.d !wi-G.

J. Th. RmB ift.drc.d cnrifidiF.ehich hld liri. if ar .fild m rn.n wy 6alif.. r dtrhjig ir 'fordi.d di.n qog;inc

6 :41r. nounEtu h.v. ha ov.l@utedsie!

'lnd dE tF esrd..L 'rik i,s

d&d frodjna Dd .mkddm. MDv h.rckfr th. ooMiaifi b iftL .twh.a r.w

7. Ar s.ftl Fiod ou6id. DrcDId [I.$iad conaoL N; tl]. Drir llietipr; md bvryi.g d.sft6 or .d.diq.isa i6 imE

'c{6ibL sid. vrI.E Th. Rmft b!it! rfi.rced. dd sl.* ind Tuls follmd rfid

3. Th. TuL Dqo.d nmy c[6 in rhcM.lsis c Madhc comEY. Tli. vh;tlv sdogdv dow eillr!6 wir hooulhd 6v nE;idnE il;m B;si rhdi ;c c{ihotrcEibq.c aho sNL. dr @t Immrc.illri4 in . mj-RoI'BD;t rom. ti dif-Lrd liEle frm ilc sMh of drc chr6 rhdF!.1v6 The D.ople Rrc, in fa r r;nfodFmft lm th; .'ind Gh.? hhlhd. rhdotrr bv the G@ of sl.;dd TuLl. Tlkvki w;d mk ot oisFtin.

9. fi! Tula inEodred nIE:Im md fMi-fird_ dld i&r6), rhB in@ing dr bnPo

r0, Tlq d$ mnvs.d nrny ot in. nom-ein.d 16 kLn, Thn; mdi ih{ McIbGh* @ld cftuLE fGlv in othu Drtu ofdr Onolm ErnriE In ;m of rhr i|lGrmro rh. Gh.g ltrb oI mming ba b.ort

t t. Fbn th€ shdFid of $6Miel g6d-

ic th! Moub! Gh{ DoDuutid tm arfd Eunp.d), Idrftrt- clo€d bE.di'g

I.; -l-.

F*-r r". rE {*"!,, i"*idir ddd !.ndriois b.f@ th. r!.4 of od96Dle n6 nR E n tic.LnaE oI n@icnnDr;tre @ 6n. b6 !td.d se th.6d

12. ih. Bcnin, vho *E derivd frmih. llm p.p.lrtion 6 th. dlnr Gh€ id-

milms. *aLd .orh ol dl. Dlir m6nv inr,risil c Madni Th.ir dedm; b,i bydit l.13q rlmimd rhe

rr, Th. rihrl Gt.6 d.v d$i. ow f@d.! e bv virrds u-d ;c dntr lrr6iErvbef Fodu6.- si'c. .'[u co@tl' vri6arrdi i. 6d@iel ba* D:erirL 6jl siB_ofi6

r spladrd-chee @ mdv bsr qF"drdf.mc; id Ehtim to difieic itr -nircnl

9*j

rnmc coltPosrtroN oF,-r\IlE nun'bs of n n wh@ w. n.duJtd.f r G[@n d.cdd.d otr hos widdv P.

@dd Fv.L-hd ;(h tim K hd. dd hal@itbokb'rHEachlmi)rwhrdD.;uad.d rh. losl MDl. b lDbfrir b rhn;@!e. scfoE w. lud FE Is w d.cid.d${ icd

'm D.i 16. s5 lbos or lmir

Thlr ounbd is lre. @Eh ro !.ft s Indsiql snplq rii n v; ,bour s nm/o.. a vc odd u.t b $bfrit ir .rch d.rFirnod vfti@ o,ii ou xdcme Wn.nmrw n.anr.d 2 ;d d.Gdiv. in s.ft cidion.15 for ffplq wjdr r bdr t ck d .d.do-lN irs, $ ouftd iin { m N.r r!. 100,:atui in .@ cidim w edd hrv. 1 bdof loo d n6Ir, I! Hq ru r{i6 b lre,b.86. d rtu t6r dry nc lrH rDDlr;ddM v. hi.dFRd .i!d w .o!ld i'ir iop

w. r;oid.d m;uj& 5olin6 qh.n s.conld, b.ce thcy hla b{. ddd forew. Only 1 Ie; vho gE non. d lav.vft imhd.d in N crid. W. ,l5o rvoid€!n@rin! i( cilid lefqi@ to sddv outubrd fd th.n e. d,6.-Ttc w.'cdldh. tr of whd v. wn Niq. Om dqii.n nd nad. In s-a&; E_Dlaqr.d t6.mob.E .f ,,t Ir fqiiik frm Moen se ricnl'rlv Gna. o.n.flis ms;"H nhh-. hA d..-ing hff. $'l]gtu of a rinul Tfi! ddsw Euily prdmt, sd th.y Muld dicmih. prctocol

-hry

poold rli h* phst th.FYSd ffi t:rd lbom tl$ir fmjly hilbii6,

rhl int r.ftid of ihc .ld.rly n nllBOtly vhd th.y ui.4 ode or sie, to h2veth! nldr dd .@d d mtud fi6i.}A ir ..c6dy 6 i!6.t4 viih d'en d-@fl.Db, In KuIa. m nffid in . FEu;nL Thcr. ou q.n6 soldio d q.nihmc lud ftn i!_of dE tuc ,nd NclEL d t[.i Drorcni@ ,nd El4ioBhiptLft MrdirE lir b. .I6iE4 6 will shoEly

Tn. (@Dciiid of ou dibd 9nd6 rFp.s in ddn in b6l. l. tu th. r{dd @

e

OUR METRICAL SERIES

*, P. di.d ro diqiburc ou mplc qublyddg tfi. ,ff.*r, wth v$yiDg d.Sli6 6fscc6. l<l@i which h6 , ijj pndued,r of ou $5i* by Ddd mdre Ih. lrpperndy .idogxim Grudr pmic F3m d* nrtinp oI the r JtJ, Baiehr hd Di.[dncovcd by_Ms Duirm, Th. Hod-Hcinm n.y h,ie 6:d 1 nothE flm dE ,a;rh. KrdiEti-Klfud

'rn E6.cu thc prene

of Ltr. xoblih rd Gruhr b.iE dnsrdiiEjy Mcl;a fom dhlr L vftdly l mirShkeni Fjola R.qi {d Lo}a 4 modyqDN, vhih PGopr $bis em danvA Ircm logl tM odE On dE whoLMrlsir. Mdn lodB d iiEr6Editg poFdation vith litlc dd.ncy fo.loel rri.s.s,.'q uo@ dr h@ift ,nrrtu of Koolitrd ilEnhr-rnd n PFipa Pdi@ shdurdh.v. bd Eivm louR @b.!i d MisDuhu\.idoc. idisE. but it ii rd too

In DlkEh w n!.r!en !! orlv @ Dhc.dk hn oasr cia. d th. b;snd{i h+M shGhi rd Sttr B.th Sldhi mdSh:]. r.E Ddirle .ndoMoe Sh:L @dorusdy ;o. nfu Ef;ts ft. pffid orru hc.holds dd $nb inb 1 ,tu acb.T@161 Rni Ditbd rd Pdn! dl FBof rn. Itrd ?lnd lrora d rptts.do.ly m tlk mkmd dda sim ih& Fopl.hrbi6:Iy rury dc rle riE iDto th.nonid rrt tr ol ?d4 w d.cidd b con-Mtub on rhe Dnlasin .lddt in rh. tjb.of r[*ffic -&intt.ce of ?eip.,I fel

Th. snple for Mdsir . Jrtnai shm rnoE eubL didiSdj@ If Nritri b6 mEsligien, the hodrd of rI Mrui n.n dymmp.ar.. Tid. 2 ,8rb, h.ids tr, intrn@ hr6ibdly, In 116 w did d di!@Mthd; gmd ind !q sfr rdrl, Euhr(distd 6d ou si6 is cmple b Iffr* @ld trd dffiim tfi. ,,iaAr of 3 E!n.aU ot vi@..id nbt th.it f.th6 6d oodt6ce Imn r ei@le DLce Pdhs 6ry wiokjna rd n i.l ui siny ffi: Th:i * otuof rfia ribuhtioni rli. plitliel dttropologi*

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long l)!tr b.-dia md dd globo|l! lungs

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;k fd; b Gomt'for it th. r;biacl'|t@ visibL h hltla M 6 tho distioiL; au@ ; r .nd oFdr r6!rti&rrmi th..fd & dEidc fdi6 m body ru;ri6: br if,. fllr@ iE lf aorli66 fiiDctiol\md hloe h eLF d'diE s *[ 4 r PsircroL. Th. d;.in fsljd of rLghl'ng usnty;n rh. mdu ld n sf,di![Ed

h m;G tld c 2 dlciDrl **s thn@vimd o dd ;tu;y. d'. i5rh]@h NEitio. Ai w. hrv. sa thc Gh.gnolnei@r hvd on thc prcdoc. of ttk toili, his ilm.dilE filbborlmd. rnd dE. loil'rry. Hd. w h;rc d *.lhrt chm. b.t!dr dE .f.d .t dilf.mdd nutition drDinv ir !€@6 ol . q.etiolly EItdbllbi@ ]l;.ihd i' thl@h culrtrl hlb-iq in Fie.l{ dr hibtr of

_sdling i.f,G

Th! 6 ih mv b< qu,ii6.d by dfi.Hcor ruEidd H& ft r * th. hd ot th.DiEic probLi$ th. $6tion b *hich 6is

oie w bF EIs ino 4.@t dd q'@-ridiEly.wlud rh6 edi$ ctrlu or rg.,l6joi! dd mimMdg v. .E lcft vithr mrblr of durli6.d mMiol cbBdE,*hich mril Diq.n othNise d b. .,Ldh.&did, fl6 w d *. vl'dlEr o. notdE .E i; r ei'r u4 ad hd i6 PoPllrtion:nt ihc of iu sb'!ss, if dn 6i ido rh.$nhl hlll]$ rtrd sFciianY EumPtu EciJ

w. r frc.d, ti@for., g;th th. follovitrg

!*64G4dBndlrso

,f rE9

:. Wn{ a th. tutmiel Denudri6 olth* Gn* P[om e. [|k E@dl

b. To;[n .@t d. t5a cofub whtcf,w. h.k d.Enind d.rd.dr .. F?

c Hs th. t@6idior d. irs;includidsnms hd uomr of d\.viq, q.trd dtfie siz sd sh.F or tIE nrdd@i +p:F

d, tLrc dific.G in .oil 6rl iha Nti-

tid rtdiry ro do wirlr bldy ria dd pc_

., H5 d. Ghe |)@ of drdlbz infs6DrcdEd ry .fii m bdd 0d fclmt' t whr

'i t[. trij DGri@ of o@ dDlc

om i[s !s a ddtirnv aorlif'inc f&i6hrr. bm ciDE.n dl -

In ach of tlE d J chrleln d. of rhepr.,bLcsi[t dGiddd,

TI]E MOI'NTAIN

THE SERIES AS A WHOLE

/'\UR t067 G[e moMa@u 14 fmm\-rdE m.Eic rquiiilht or { te( t fchd tod fel 4 jn.ha Pith r md t o@imElyt Loi 7 inch6 (ldc,7 m.). Ti!

')d rrlr

m dE bdrddn b*..n rrdi6 cnd td, indr! tudd cl6i6otid oI MdiDr For Eu-t@ .h.y r DL Tn.y w Elhr ibm

n T616, rlthoogb Egidrl TctlioPuL-dmryMtutobesdr rRy reshotr riian th. Mon@:is ,nd Sdidimn dndv nonh dd Dnlvd of th@ mdrlrurrn sine s rh! D.l,tuti6 ,nd dt elldol th. Tflolda Aridc trm dl.L norif,mn&hbod ode rh. Ubsinhn5 Scrdiuviu,fdBririrh @ ccsddy bn{ udg ellGFd p.ptrirtioB Nrti!+bom Ar4is ft

Th. nrh.r iiniEd st of body n.{'llm'6rd i'dic6 .vdiLbl. i'diqB s noEBl El@p.4 pduo4 but r IiEL on dE long-linbcd;d lmla sid. lr lhotrl<ter beddl spd\ biili.c. siriing h.ight, od dlTirr.ir. indicwnich nLk b n@r6mbL thc S@dimvis u<l BnBh nGcl*ly rhr rfi. tucli( c.dtr:l rnd .llifrlm;s, Findinq h inDdiblc @ t'.lsdethc;:imryorni,ubi.cis io mubitr d :tcc D;!ni,;n vhil l s; n.mdnc (h.ir chddid;M, I m$d th.n d fDlfiBpiotio',and he(. rh. 6@6 4 much h4h* rhudrc or odrd ;ii6. I b.hE rh{ nd of!\d. ru hd wl-dewloP.n cbs, d sbdi.d

'Thi :2 ok;Mdd .n bodv fom si* rhdE dcDjl.d if ls ohjc.i; pitu- (*t:bL 4). Tbc med Doint ir !u!06€d ro @rt-$nt s hvmiheticn iom for ti@. Ih.s.nml';6<!r,@ is- jN :b.,i, rwg.;

sho( ud n.diM 6 dtin; should.a s o.th. sqlre sid. of n.diu'l, ch$ i litd. Lr8!rthrn iv.ru. rt. bacL i5 unGulv ihi.hcw,t[ I'trl.lmbs cff: th. rbd;.i r;tly

GHEG PHENOTI?E

DMir.nt rh. btudc o.diM b m.ll. tlEi:lve *dl dmlor.d. rlr hkle r lird. m@pEidina ihd @ecrd. rllr ld nh .bd.in dJM,_ThB 6 ; dc@ of u rrt@. mDvho hs Ld o rtivi ou-of-d.d Ir. iit hr.dbe h.dtfty mvnomdE od . niinu ofred which ir sv.ni.ls v.ll b.Irned: h.is Ducdr, L24 ad r@n d b *dtiqlo@ {titue er ruh idnin. Fhm nf.d.& dom tr vould b. h'.d E dinin4Bll hiDfom : sh?ph.rd in th. smfti+ Hi4-hlrn&. iNo*tSirn rrm dr lord omay, d rApprLcN4 nounEind.

Only m phFioldidl 69s rEd.: dv-nMoln.a si!;a, D@iE rir @ld vath;!.d.spR ft *if.ni{ of l@!6 rhruh vdBor ploqhin*,

'h. houBnftE N;dd .

o@ of r ttpodd5 Dngi,g fs; 41 6 roo

It Th.FeFrm dr @k up dk lEDbLne o S@r

,nd Novegrs s,iuld adtiru in md E-sp.ct, but *o!ld dirDFd in orh6. In rlr.nc notic*bL din;i,ic of ih. 6e irvodd h. qtrit clca Tho Albdid nlfuin-.€u hrr modrhElv loe frq borh b rh.dlfuE from 6oi b

'lEon (th. Fift d

th. g]c b.llb the 2 uppd m.d'r imisoE)

dc cmparisoB b.cr* individtr,LnihrGpolrcis erry grudy in l@riig ti6cpoinu. cmri@ n\m vid' sri6 of whichm 6 b. m;d.nllysn r[I rh. ffi rc.h-niqu€ vlE u.d, v; s rLft $. Gha! dcrbolt rh. !n h f&e ldh s Dmulidmsrxch @ Ptdolm:ddy

-Nordjc & *hichr.pru.nr ln.l"rsd vdidie ot Medi&lrer-lik the lrslill rhe Ri6r. ind rh. Be6end shlfunad tha loedstic *idi md(K ol frwinrl DFNeolirhic e.mD. d.-nhE liL rh; Ln6 :nd No$.dd. Ttd,rc lodF-frcd tfid d\. tuu nLdiFhnairp@pl; lil. Spurds rd sou(hm lElsE,lha trF f:e is ebdklv lo.q jn DoDodonto th. 6bl r{. hdshrt rhi; s Gin:ili, E!@

h.j..

p.r poDdrtiffi. foudd Mons soDl6 nho* pitoninudr M.di@; d ir butnot Ery dill.Hr f6n the !ruron in rd.Fldriiotr Ndlv ljmid.Gd Nfrdh'11$ nininM'frcnbl di,@, rll. onlyn.{ffi.nt NU'ny dm of th. foEha4 iuorhd dotrbleoe ciE;m frcm rh. ftch-niel sndpoinr V&nrjo6 i! dhniq& batffi othrcpom.Eisb eddd rd s;rd-$E sFcioa. u8ing only si6 qhicti Rbo* b b. conp{ebl., on. 6 dily q di6th. ehSs, vidi . r.d of n*ly io9 nitti-h.&G *c b@de in thi! dinftid. n\$ iheldEJr.d Euop4 to shm ri.y n :!o!tunltfu d hody bujldt nc of deM.diElt'la 6d Nordic sid rm io roLl(\t miniM b dr bi|smme whrl' i!diGcdt b cc mne rnii r eh noncmp@hh io rh. L;r.r;nd br;dd lcdEu'jp.o pquLd@ ?{. thd 6i in wnhthe la6i.ed locd D@dstid; of NoMvand trd04 ud @t ;En(llrd Nor&G rilM.diudr6 In th€ bigoul hMr, this.:(s ts 6uch mrud, Ai e 6lt dE MicrlGlrg fr., LI. $r of ih. ddnron:l 8;qqloot5 [k. rtquihEnl djdgh s q i6 lPq

Th. n@ h.ighr of dE ch6 ir .ed.dby t* in Etrrc-p., o! in rhe;dld. Sd.!nfs€ €nhluE b rhs DGiri@ hcludi'zth. l:c tfir dk na:l qpiim dd !p monidr old.r tb ese so drD!.sd ihr echtrF ol th€ $fr rc n;n b.,e rhv.d.@ndido@ rcL i,i nv n.'trhc ar rh.s. dm A. nG bEarh ir ro& dE rr-lNd in Europ. {d tIrc vo d. mil the nddind* is .jl@tr le@rhir.

Thc etio b;eaa foftnsd Dd ficbEdris (zwcftonbl) t ltkh j, :U Dinrricsdiq dr G[.6 trtud.d: i;En* rhe m-uod fldrh of -rh. forhma. Tb. spGamits dm highs. ror rh. s. (do;:oji,pl.dvirh rhe hct rh* rh. bisonirt dirn@ irELriElv 16 tlh rhc bi.wmtic Tll! lrirli'dd of ifi. !'tsr &n; lirs on rh. bordd-lin. b.wn Mtul cqod6 of tuoEGeopic rd l.FioDrsoeirdrho@h rll. Ch@fG e ldiq rh.n l@th-bdddr oom;tio$ n n&de Thn-n d ft oI rhrn6., vhi.h ha d. of rl! 106 rarl indied @!d, pl.cjng it in the h),?.rLpdrhirc

Ihiry+ilhr oE.mdm Dile oft dJs Di.,tu , t6pr6@ oI rtk foEfiad5 or 106r ;.ashoq b\;n to b. for dr nd E af @dibh.dht ud 2 !rr. Dorc rlr ni.dim bEdrLvirh . url. l€s rhm n.diu slots @ th,,vrac Th bbmidrB ru lilodnEtvlsEq od ghb.Ir ii $;!y posiedl Ey;ror@ ffi su'lly lhdq bor pfid rh.v doom s. Jq@ rlsE {stut dE $idLd'Nordi." rold shid i, M;od snh dt@oe rr.d lrmlff. Tnc .!w @-pLk )ber. .f Dildid ud itrEE l lo[.&difi.miind d@ F@1. lhDF rem drMonsoloid ud a+ Irldc liduldoB ormnhffiEhE, Th. sidaoidi@ oI rh..l6lir frIrhe.dDlaia ih& ditu!fl:i aLnd on indiYidl'jl ouiof 6E sf,.m . Uhtcrtr.bliquig. biddidg m of N@ FiM

Tne rra iEil n cbEtuii€ry erucilr tul$ nr.lv D'ed. fnw.rd indrh"irI.t Fl .n Bioi iionly mdim. Th. ch6t6rE mdi@ b tftiq ,nd E@!y ftinDd Tir[6n In6 mond ih. odrh, fn ruirl @ldpiorndc odly @ r mfld cfur-itrdd@-bvnrdhs P.;Rh Elffi tud-ni AhGLd, di@ ad w.rtrE;heh DMe ofth. fle h.iuLB ti. MbLria. of rf,dpaple to rn; S@q Noc md BaG. TrEJ o6rtrd@ m r[. .c dow ft,?hid nnmm fd Euom, Thr lic m r-linLrbore rcdi@ id irft@dbl (E!*nbr)tluckne md muiu:I; rhh in ltbhnnrftd.fring pmb:5ly bita md !ftng Lrbiu 6much s re, thq n .ro 16 ftn d thDb q\. oonndnn irl t n jrEuratu sfiibThe Up6 of dE ch.F look m@ [t lle ofrnilt pomis of ih. R$oluriotra Friodthrn UU. the of Dodm Anaidirl Th.ohkPrtioo m ch; Fdnirne G b&d on:d:l slod 4th.r rhD m 6d.[s io m idalneq th; plffic of 23 D.r ui of r c[i6it no sm!;| thrn wuld b; foud in 6y othdnurcq-j:q.d Euop{n loeul1don. Md oIth. chi6 c rrdi;: ih. bitrEEl r.fl /di!cov@d rhroqh edBtior) so6 eirn $.Arpin. :nd otlid ;EjMdti;r;@ tu inEuoDr E kU s wid, indieidurli of AEuI

rk nct diltin tire f.rtu of d& M@-bir Gh.g t ce, dr @, dind m@ rprisrrm gLhenr qitbour d+6iq reddng io

rh. CEt 'd.:1.

Alrholgh M uNrll-ynjghrt6 d ir .4@ris{e dtN. rts bndse.NrIv boii hiel

'd lllftw, ah6 imti'E

rid vid& r hi;h IMU.do. in I'd I n,ionq,or .;nE ndl Doila AviM ih. Ghrs hi@dixon'l hrvklfu .FDditr.: ]1le dp oi th.nc ! mtdm o rhiii moe orEn strnght orclMtd tbd d@6c4 vith nEdinn b cm-pr*d v4$ :;d N.ny r s@rght *PM.Thn nde 6 lh. Ioddd *gcnt or , g:mt,trid€llr fa.gie6 th. chsiGl Din{ric hi!,mp6f.ndn,FFrfue

IIL rf,. HadS. fd w h.rc fonnd o"Iy . f{ nEnc

nmE rd ob6F*im to dillmtirb dtod'nn Chd douEi'.d from dr 3[.Dhddor dk SGt Hiehlsda ihr Bquq mij rh.i.Lnd NoN.sia b *iom w 6m cmpandhin Wkn i. Emdc hr fclt c.p, ho}wd,.nd sdy tus ha4 w 6nd th.t th. M_hl,n . c.;d. Ilis had is r0 wnob niliffishod rlm t66. of nn Ad.nd'borddingjimulrrG. r6{$lh! in thh €paa 6ftmrd mht qlllrr1]d-popl.r. ra th. rnrb_ibnE ot Am.nii Aoitoti;, pG of $. can-cdc. edd ih. Lbmon, Aath. sm. tin nB nnch brdrd(, in fur it i' mng $. brord_st ho.L in Emp. lt ir di6cnlt to tnd i6*( D6ition ftg:rdrg bli8hL 3ine h.dheizh ! mbioulv subid b th. P.Eod.qtr;ion, Judiq by oi Y thc siri6 olvhch | :m r,-l ciBid.i thc ch.8 had!nod.ar.ly ro nocttuHkug. .LrtdTtuv do irc hd.r, r6ch th. .arlmB inrhi dindion thn th.y do in ldgth ,ndbrodth. In d. i'dic of d$ h.d, the PccpL r. fnlt bnchyrc.Fhnic rldotrgh _16

n iehh6 noEblv ti. TGk rd !d! of rn.m;hinnwliB! Yussha mms dhmIftn indi6 of 37 rnd 3s brE b(n FcodedIn rh! Lnch-h.Eht indic drv m[ s hvp.i-ednic 'whil! -h rh. bEdih-hddr inA.it#v eh r Id psitid T1lE mFIY r.asrh. nod.nt h.A h.ish in Mpri5on ridtrn .fun. l:rort bft:ldl Ttr [di€ shicl&rG to .m@ ih. tdi.bl hrddrh vithreid d;,tu;-fdojDdidl .nd eDlr.lGfici -boih .nph6ia th. di.prportim h-Mm ! va bGd hind-hadra mod(ietui,l he&lb, Th. fM@Pari.El ,ndc.phrtcf.cirl indic6, aLdng ih. forchdd

ed t@ bEdtns b thd of th. Er eglr@of dE nad e lov, btri tut uuiDny qb.c.u. tt. for.had rnd zw@tic $dE @rl$ $h!*h.t ride tid'ric ftin .pp..frcot ti. t c wtrld lerd o* b sF&

We tr. *.n .l@dy ih4 n'i. foElE:dft{t5 s b. i t L tuighE,_d Ls sloPing,

Djuic Emp.s lalq du fnlnas of th.foEhad i' indlitd-by r cffiPondinglyw. i.rdoD.d MDonl fllrE Ar th. Itr,h@m( tfi. slroU

_shM a Endmct fe 16

ihr ih. nonnd d.e ol o6FEl pibtNildr.{d in r l d d ;1 indiei&i! th; occiD* i5rdu v drft'.d A! ch lcu Btio, 44*f dr shd {d.nir! ii d. ,r-bdoid;@i@ ;d in !e E c.rt-oi s ve find lh.i;onElv h{nD; h"drdcrDhd% dhich is rfrilk;f rh( pii.El boc io uni. nooihlyvirn dE diinr.l .t lrsldr vitft . sh.r ords6im r in sitiql einl mdi@ mof'r $rrhrll dw h{ b.in )!'ek.d lo;d.drd ndrd o com. udiEh.d, Tn. h;ck ofthc had ii clcdy dr rd uNrl sd h.ncinirrdi@ Mdr of tll. Ch{ dmy, Ttc3d. *;a b. ru of cood in tu ix ofDimis md Amdoi& tm otftd @ei6

A f!4h{ Lfr rhn 5.dB hi{hlY lwdiv.b t[* ,6 B c.nt ol N elb-i.6 t_md ofvh@ s .i. s[,I s bRr. Dcd r.)ft Lindof frtuos) hrv. nod6iiv |swdiorlhdi w.i t[! rsrrntuEyli diDl Eirrfrm tn! s,l coililo., ;m vodd dp.dnoE i.dividnis in rte fl tho n tlE ,t/re@did, ttri thj! b Dor th. ce;.synnktryiEell cmr o haE a nomn diihlotioirwho[v 6id. flm d. rh6.fr el.'q. fu-th.dior. it il ]a tins s fduinid th.nghr s m ih. l.fr side *hici eggB6 rfBdimrl dcndoa F:ci'i {ylm.Ey, onri. orhd ln4 is Ery !r., tccomiing rord& 6 *r mt ol d!. vnob dd virhoutri6ii6eir di*itrction b.l@ riqhr rd LfLH-rndd6 9s d.ftmjn d ht stjng rh. ndb Dick uD

' sFn.. by r6ia rhd i srn4 d.

M6n *i! nhe ud ti. choic. or h:ndfor ad@ * di@ei bv l:llfu. Ttr 7 dFr cot;f ldi h'nd.d iid mbidm i!ddolbkdly ir roo low : nMbd-odftid-iu mbrblv rfKed eehiF. thrc*w. 5d!i;l;! di;s up o

' qEn -tur tm: Tnc

;do ![omtrv iE cmirl rmmld i3 @b-:bly..n r i: nrh Sffi6lly.

rV. T|PiIGSEMr1l .y.bo* ol dlr Gh.q mmdm.E

u. loebdrEl l ro. ;m i r t rh l@itid d b. D6bhid: Eh's a\d c rlid. ihicrsr da noE d;iu.,ir d; d6..f nd mnho ed i/em DoptrLtioq btriil so ih. qi.dm n rlic[. Tli4ian@ ob-!.Mios $wr||{ rE Di@ic tu? s ffi-plj6.d by rle Glqr & .qody mrnd h,

* b d.Emidc h.t fm som ;En vGialploclr and oth6 Lr 6. b:cL hdr FNlont but orh6 slDe.d dril hsd!, ud ifthlylrd don. lhii Mde md jrclcd lodp rodch.n rry dimk iE @@ndi.!'lv 16dEF. h L dGibL rhlr n;E rduld fo!this econ h. iri dk rtu"rr dleory. bur nornmy moF- s|jgh_rry Fvy h -& ;hlmF

SFiebr €r* hin sud 6 oft indi don!Mo.i.roids dd nue EsM Emecs fvitu v hcli@. rd curlv ht j& ldldrKis lt, Fdcd;ly cdi/.rine th. s. or .h.spl. iof whjch norc hc): nE-dtrcrr'soI t[. h€rd hu r i. ihc la .r hdd trd rhii itoleftd @ th. M of thr srlo ehich $iUhs hrn) is rbolamdie vhn. i!. le nanincludinp b$chq ch..Ll rnd iM. * @F,blv I ;f. hdiF $'n dh noEhc;

'ndfl;d EmD.c, :tihouqh no! alt]lla rh.d.!.lopnm of drc AlDin; poDuhiiotr oa Brtuh ;d oc or FEne l:!:Lile nG n€nwE lm ft olshs and rl'.!r!t tnci.beils intqhrle, D@ik rh.n @ rh*omhir..6 *mi b h1i'. hld rltsfidv lsbtr on d.ir lihbl md ch66 thd .;F{€d invio of dil.ir bard e@urtr On ! Fmind.dof 1 n mrl Nodia rnd M.ditud dcrclom..r {tlu ihd dEi of ADiG TnMbd of l@ widr lily rdib lujr d bd.leB n.gljgiblq gml'lK of rh. h.rd qs nNpEridt thr tbn ot th. d6bd! rnd b.jrd.In n6 d.... hMv.!, lr *s pdibL b r€ItIE olor of dt $il piglmEn hriE

V. PrsbadrimStin ..lor 9a ohw.d m $DDo*dlt

Umpc.d sullc ol rh. udd M 6iA ch6i.Ahc 6 n.iolie *e rhor dE 3d. r nh.ffid.rq DinGh vhiE rt]l'uifftia emL6chm *7. TlE oih.6 d;. bllftt ;hiqin no i* ddtrd ti,. on dFd ro 6nd

odg Gr..t' or lblic Albd dl pedthr DiDir or Fd e@l{ !!.h drt ;M6 ioIigbt, tftin slin vin\ ddmr livia. Si.e dEIBuidg E doc in rh. dsd of mu..irhq ar of do6 or ir chilv bo$6, mdue DDy ol th. n.n wra idnldurElvd6.4rh;nIrxtn6Edtulririq. '

Aloe on of9m hld lri ihf6'lld hceLd |nodd or ftd; ot ih. 6 titd. noE drrrh w btrrM h:in4 hd th. olis tt ckD,r4 ,rr@ inclod.d nde who mtoht b.tuhrv. 6s Ilb.ld ,r,6 n;idlo$ ftih.r otrn,itoiid Th. @h€ re nmb &6Fr:dek ud nl b,M c rhr rdq vhiFlishibtr)lt. ffilm. lnm&.

'ltrly r third of rh. whoi., Odlv mdirn\ ot

rh. spL hd eR dt[ rn Dj6rrnl b$ rhcomb.aof !N blG fd snF_* ody hnfa gqt a dEi. A dlcfodtls midjry hrd.y6 tlEr |e nir.d n old. :nd of'thqeill. lighr mtru6 pndomiDE. Th. pitv-rj.n6 of ni.J wa M6 n Ef.crd i dEndG ol ny.4 b;.d,;d sFied irjd€

in rh.n liihsi chjlrcJi!.j6 th. MlDDinGh€gs G liour h,ll qy 6e(n btmd udhmd piq@ tu * d.liniad bv dl.EuoFin e@.: rl'.v ru @ Iirit skiK'ddllkrdtrrn d(I idw;.dirE b tishr Ds*hswitfi mcr 14 sd . &ltr rn d rE 6ld.In Dim.tutiod ihd .i d vR'difffifs6_tn. trkhbd'scoE 6. e;,{ud edth. I(@hcLv_no""-r"-*bu @iidalblvdllar thd i:he Nd*rrid. nR G rriEi!,rtm ttu lo!:s of rha-pdim df rdv @-FiF rha dd friE -dh T6la Ge6.Bulsim. Dd S.!br, Fhn! ooblble lftd;&f-mni lod Mm;n griq B{Bu( rid

Th. Gha phdo@ n ths @rd bv Imod*Elv-dn trE. liru li'b.d. slm' hmar*u mscl€d, s4 mditu. qiih r dii^ bonvtG of bod.nilE din.Gic, r I@, Eoi4din ndr.

' shorq b@d had! ofEn 34-

tud brhhd, ! v.ll dmlopd nMch. 6dba4 both of wljch w in @ld. | !!hl !!itdd mn.d .!B lrir bridv hln L dTv non-ddy dd.ioFd In if clntu'deDrthG conemRt widr ih. bradrh Dd fi!ft;-i@ of th. h..d h. Mbl6 th. Nordic {dIn;d Medn{ftd D@trLrid ol rh. triacor EmF nort dh a! tri<id 6mF ddDd hriri* EdB n iu .sr rd c.nEi Il

'glt

m suld onx&. sri6 of *.Ltotr of $ch

'rn *ith thoa. flm th. llFid lron Asc

m.@ n GLsiuq ir i hid to $ wh.tditdnig b.Md rhc n s vodd sFraar fd rh. EEd fqu.nq of bmd, rd.rd .*'iblly ndm.d, h-f in d. lj'i"s

VANA']LDY OT TIl' SERIE ,IS /WEOLE AND OF THE TRIBES

Anv iivils NDuhdo! n'v b. a.(.d b3hwi rch;,l fi4coq di;ribldd ii ochfr.Eicl citeid_'llG d;Eibudot is {_@d br th. sdd'rd dcmtion Ge bbLi!). sdiddd d.d{io6 tfi.rselva v:ry. Irilc rdd!.d ddi{im .xe.ds . din nn-

d{a. oI rirbiUw. In @ .hD@, $cl;l ird4 th.v Bi* . @'lttbh hmesd.jny. h drfui, hmd l.igd! tsd bEdd\md th. c.Dh'Ic ind.t, rhry dd I gHdrnbilid rhm n@hr h. @.d.d I@ 1nom.l

'j.ir DoouhEd Ttn it Pmicddlv

lruGd widr'thi cDbnic idd.' 'thB, snBEir5niw s N ciiuiq m 6nd tbe ttMMtrt Ghep tr

'lotttdd 6 fe I tb.

d6aa' rnA h@diN ot rb. lr.. e. .6'.m4 bd;r;bd ndA nn tb. dim-liw 6tt t@ ot th. dddd .8n e. .6'

U dsr c trd r Dopdridq dd th.Y rGr mnFndiM ol dpil'tid, wNch EtY d

'4.it b. ih. tnbd h nGt 6r.dr dE

Ei66 show. ms. of wirdd m.nhd !id.

. Td& id fu ME,

Ddic,l vdue on. ir l.n to s6rd thn thodi6 includ€ iddividu,t fom_not o., btr!rd.nl ppultioa, whjch difd lron .{hodE in rlr. cidn cmd.d.

ln ordd o Drcna. d q 6i fd th4Howltr b^ onD .d r EbL or mtr ofsndrrd d.vi,bo6 for r lrg. nnnbd of$ri6 .rch of vhich cosis or ov{ t0 b-dividtr ls; h. i5 lik*!i. ibi*d th. sign.Etic' to como& iudividu'l dmc srh tb.n.r Trble J sho* how th!;by b. lPPli.db d Albdnid rftrid, In md.r tttn.rslllmmb uil tndic6 of dt tt r, odMout i. Ghe! p66, d . tholq 2 nomd

of dE l0o tElq in th. n:sd idd* rI f.!'i;hrloR in d!. c.Dtnic indq &I a.l tu rhov.,The n@ hdrhab dwG mft flilbL th{Hd.fu D;n, dd sib.r ldriG in th.ephdic iod* rai rmEllbL n gnuFron rhi! *. n.y ddue rhat ri. @di,b M. k az. tu rh. r.xi@d |ia difiddc8@hith u he rkern, nq tltxt th. dndini" cenhdi inde k &a tu tw ldd o?aGi,E Mitbi' hita a @et 6 t tu?8 rhd,v\iL h. e,a iE bmsd.]4 in @'t

'sd.r h .ffi..kd uth t g'.a whhUr! iR

the ^N

beialr, vkcb @ia u b tb. M.br.qttb itutrd ol id.Ptutn r.

As . rhoL, thc tib6 e 16 wilbl. th6tlE bEl Ei6. O.ly ? di!.s, Hc rnd Mrd,fom .ieDti@ b thi! mlc T1$ tts @pl.qs dli.n 6tro i 6idqt loeliq. tha M{i @&m . vidlslqil ud &lii'itrle di9tEroDddd, B,} e{ ei.h ild d r @;ri6cidr ot ldi:rio i! ristf.drr i€uths ib nd h tlr bbl di*: Hd is mErdi6L in lpd t.igf,t r[r if,e ml si6 by

FN Ei66 e ftbly 16 wilbL tbs a!.wbdh; Lmq Durosi4 Mirj. . J:lov& fdMildid ruo al &6t D. w otnt IN pad Cdholit tiba, ,at rl f6 rh& Zdicir.lrer, on thir t6& th.ir Eld:E !@emiv n; md.cddrbla B$ L@ ud-Mr&i. Jrlov& e Mdy or vhony Mda

do thd drdq f@ tlE oti@! Tf,. M.siicnlifu Dd of .L nd rdion, ir ridpLrth.r e tb.'lae b@btc.Pht c ol du rb.hr.t ltis ir th. .E of the @id nd t*nEh ol N frb.l i|if.@tiniotr lid.

It ir @6inbL rld tb. rtbd tt'm.lcditr.id .,tlod ol ntirtdliy. In ordd b6 thn trt s M b rblc tc If w .Eng.6c wird of V for tr chdch, flm *@b nn:l indq ft.bbhd th. following {s

Te 6: \.euB or V m ]? Orr'd$r,BrTrlM,

Md. ' . ' . ' . . . ' . ' , ' . ' . ' . ' . ' ' - . ' . . ' . - .s

rll lEni€l ctu or !l riha lqd d! ffi Jor

d or-FbHGtlq sd atu i rffibe b e

P H ENOT Y P I C A L DI P F ENEN CESB Er V B BN T FJBEST SLaI lsf rc tL

VALJDATIONIr G .:dn! dr e@6Dhi€r ditu!*im

ot drhsro|rftic :h;dd d@ rh.Eiba Wi'rur dd IoEr tlrt rh. Edl

'gi; e L4q rhe Cotu cioc thd rIE FFnldm or al; Dinin:d. l!@ bs €d;dfoFrigr reriffi, do jdllmiio6 d ibhigDdG,rq r les $0 !.6 dd drt h mv b. derivd hivodqUi Irm $irul. laov; rue,uddd ddi!{i uditim_ @ vodd rd!

d': cddidd id MA&i . Gh.sdiE r ndodilry, Tfie E@1.. s E hlE

'a IE in

EIs; bmDly:iohEd o,r.yi "*ry-gwi.hh ffijcEd e.nrtic cn od!, Dd .{ia

tlk Droduc oi loel :nd nulr didsnti

Ttc Etrlr i5 v[* N nielE b. Ld 6 q-Dd Th. !mrl6 fm &; lo dib6 difd;d fnm rctr dhs ihd do rl'. uiiv}bom vtir. affiies 0f tudft !rl@Fvirhin ih. 43 tu. and rle diftinG i!s Eroi drr d.f, rih€ flrd . diiiislt5s;,aa F nriioa fron .n dn6. W. edarli@ tnh l0 dif*.nt @drri@ D[6Dry?elit. Ividoe fd d; tr b. prirmtd*i."i.'

---*' ,", '.,- *o -ubh J., 4t ,osibl. in&dib'l dif.Mc myfi. ronnd. D{fi Eih. rlso difid lron tt @lsia @lidg Jt did.ffi fd dch clidiod.Tn€ nmhd of si6i6sr (l d noE tiGN.r didd.n6 o-u of r NibL i0 td 4Jirt ;

"n* i" bnh 7.

an 6(ffi shs i[it in. l0 dibs of Mom-bin Gha6 dif{ fd th. bbl si6 si6i6-sdv l16lv fm bL\s of !X ctit.riin.si!.d. bd lim ach othE in .m mElN M mr B th. sooonid in rh[ s@w.x@'.d bv chae ;1d., Difmnc gi tiigrc*6t ii dE grc siz diD.6id of rh.bodv. d hcl!di..lh. @i'l Iffirnuor d'. chd BodiD@ilbs !o ld ihmsi,! i6.lt Abo; thr;.ct ih. i pri.dp'l

ff ih*.1,1!. Ndft E rqitu@ 6r!oos!

9btEd4tt)4oery*[dd4bdm

dimks of th. bnin 6e .nil th.tr indi6d. no* divqdi Ttu hoE nEl did.R6of dE fre dd d'.ir indic di6d ilE ldrif r ddision Ekd on th.n d@ ir wuld b.h:rd @ doot@6 rui'] difift.@rid inrh. Gh@ noonl!ff, SrFtEl dir.6 ol rf(., d rhc egrsl-ho;zdnl indtd. dltrd

Fron .ljs w. mv sv th4 in 3 EFG rh.trih6 vrr nlbid[r ri@ r[. 6El ind lrdDd. 4odi& (r) ui body di,rl1iq s€dy,r?r n bdin 4. dim.u {d indic.., ndlys gEdy: ( r) in t[. Sd l@grl5 oI rlE frc

a.pmddid rhd n r[rmdq b r lerdi.nt. In mt Ep.ci the Eibs show r d.grcof nline. honoin is-'d the @a orth. hdiizo.t.l d;nd;u or !h. f.ce Ercnh*., hov.d, tht djficr moE tnrn .hdc

A limi&J td h6 bd rdt of i'&tuihddi6d.rc6 in 73 ots.frrid qim m bbh 4;h.r. rh. di6mn6 bffid dbs dd bElw.E noi c cdecd-d! d.t[od ucd vs 6c.lc'nrE d. DrcbrbL .ftr .l Dd.nEF bva\. cbr6 0l tudr.." fd b &t dr ng.i6

TrbL s d.notsb thn .leJ infttuibdditrdnc rF hlrdd ro ddo'lfu& in th.o!*s.tic ths in th. trEic.l ch.d.qtsrh.F by vitu oI tlE nre.f tfi. cidiliftffi.k! sine a p.r eft of rh. drd.HGovd I p.. m b. .snb.d b chtra it DY@ sii sinc! r 4ml rllrMe miAht R!b. rod. fd khd.d i.:c(]Dcy, dif4nsin ch,.tns, n 1D.rdc. .i rlif,.dt M-cnR dd lilhicoDditioc dc, I 6nd irhnd b clrin idjd r€oDl dif.m6 ld.bs6 of.nEril ehR f.w.r thr , Fr orof conbmtioB t. dd I p.a, In f:d roain M.l *ctie(:t@ in tun dcv.lopMi,fom nd dftdiburir rd in oi6dEti@Ptui ainrl difi.lw6 o.0 ;R.n b b. orliid. .s.mmc Ti* chtrcEG d DEci*ly th6i etu.h md dthroPologisE f.db h. g.rcdc In th* r6pru, !h*r@ NGhlo momuin 6ih.r-hinory wDuld l.d N b.rP.e

r tuhLhi i'Idi.4 d 6e.,. I

' c ! fu4 bbl . ' , . . ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' . . l% +t%

ll;

x

ld tlE oh&mnoB of rh. body.nd ol th.boin 6., how.i thcv ditlci noE inmch{E md Echriol.rdr vodd iNiry. Inthe. 6ily hiueGd ch:ldii Eiioml

Mirdia .ld. Thc srm t *a Grd @rgrh in this c. d]|. norit'xt*, ritfi gt@mqrb @hid in Duldaiut rhc .'fubord;r Fibq irclDdiq Mrtn_. li.o,al Hr!\Lq rnd Di6ri, md

_rhc rdthvoq in.ludi.g

REGIONAL VANATIONS IN BODY SIZE

Thc min di6@ n body sizc lid it tn.mnhr@th do@ b.M th. Eib6lieins.n .irhd side oI .ri. Drin, ThGe o d$ rcniE I ftod 6 mdlM6 nllc. ih{ rh@ oth. sdti. Tft* did.d6 d gFr6r o tlEwd th6 to di. d $ thr , d.6 mv b.Fnfit 4 2 rdl nodvea d inm.dir6;r4!a ud r$d$ntiM Th* !sdi6.. rho in bodv eoDori@ in thrr rhenoithM dib;

',[tiin . M:dhe ud Duk-

@in) * brod{h;uldd.d 6d lou.'m.d.;;

-hil. 6. *n.- dha iiclndiE

Mdri. ; J.ldes, vhnc 64 @ d.ndm diMffi in rh. shouldd, with $. sdrh-l^eM id tld. diEil siort 6d dddd,Th.

'cft of rcbuticiF & 6cb.d in Dulolo

wh@ .tl'Ltic iibd;n dc..d .I or]l;br tulcd d.re in thc s.cd dn .ir Ar-tholsb w. ;cL oEbB ?d v.ight whichPodd be nor vrlubl. hG * hrk th.aidhcc tG dvn.m@ {u.a. {hichEvals th.n tupiddity in mrtuld tu€tlr

DUE{sin mn K I liFl. 9ME r thE thdeor M.l;i: . Mrdiq bm ihn dif,.Ene n ndsimifiml Hop@. both Dllorin rDd Md-sii. rradl. r e@i6ondv lh_nFr ths !Iof rhe .du rih; and; d. .-ihK Hs.Llm nd Fi.r e 1ll I si.rs tld Mdrnd Mndi4 Pttr ir tuE ! th; Zedrim sw'L sd M,ti6 . J2tror* is songd d'd

Mndir., Mr4 ed &d.ina vi.h MidiE nrh. lMr mir lr lhotrld b. obxd.d tharrh. 2 Otnaic tib4 Dd{*in md Mirdit,!trpt4ldiy dscdded fom r gup ot b,od.di rE rb. l.ffdil. in ebq body pmpd-Eq sd ruc@ s.n€tn.

TDa9: Dn^MoMra S@Ezs

In n\. otenrioF ot hody f@ DuL.ginsulds otrt I th. nd dhldic oI d tb. bbabur in @6n r norihiotrth ilielid DeftiltMhti;i4 onlv thl .i6i6s! didddqw q th; DoLsi. d;.rts in ss.r"! meditu triile rhc nn\.m Eib6 r latftI ddrlo*il Th. 4 mr[h di6d { -drinq Miiirq M.4 dd Dibr.) .@d inp.EdDgB of lhm d4k. Pnib Z:dliq

Tt 3 Dihm Eib6 ded in + lhoolddslG ih. $uthd Eihd in r, To I i@india cnd d.wldIrr llE inffiIv tostu: Mndi6 sd Mni G the chsia .nd

M,!n . J.lrd& rh. ld s, Ha 3@ldl olts ooddElv EI :nd va cl's. 11. e. -bd bqd6'of tfi. fterL., tug;ded b h.r'.bncl siCDtc:m fim th. sr.lpodt of gedrl holin Dd vizoi vw litdc l1ie lMbrcllm i md pro-ootr.A r th. di!6 oonhof dE Drid, Noft of i\. Ghd tubiljdn.d dmgn ro 6t b DrodG !Mb.d!dd.m.;in ihi didid tuiidm k nm-{iffi, In g.nd:j, btr@cts r plupetdlh of th. Dliq eh* luhd cuft islRK rnd h.ne Ddvic tilr md @-rcmcdr rhe difdiG b.lllb nlli rlunbr .w. Dd botucl potuio R m@mdr.d thi ry ollt.E c!lv6 e nGi dFrlopld in Dotigr md ltlirditr, mdag ih.

Th.fdsh@Unt wi.lility, ' 'To sm ti& d.e !a s. 6nd ell n.d mn{

of $. DnG stl' suin d.ct6ins nedly 6om noec suhvrd;b dk @ ih. iBdndof chda is nuch 16 nrk?d thd i. thc vdIn fra-r s@ .!s mY h€ ri6i@Ed: thcnonh*cr th. @.nd'rhc $irhw Idth6., ss, in g.n nl. tn ncrrohsarh. bt @ ot rh. norntu61 vhd. rh. .dF.m.E dd b . llnld* lom Dd6dn sfl$out .h.r .ll th. oii6 fd sdCdi.nd *h-ldc d!(rormr, Iololrd clc.ly by d.,c',&r of Misn. [t:df,e Mfd'E fo owdby M:ii rd Zr im., lj6 .r tlj. dh.. dM.,fh6. r€giond difi.i.nc r. s gr.n 6 th@brud Noru.y md Ftuc., or Inglsd rdd

REGION/L VAnIATIONS ]N IEECR,4NI'L YAULT

Th. [.d L.8r]l mm6 lry rdly 7 ri i-nffi, th. be&h n.d 6 miuin.4 ,ndth. h.ighr ,1 niUitM, uib.Iy. Thc dif-tffiG e similicmt tn ?3 our of 4t @fd hsd r€nFh: 2t oft of 4J for I'ad bE.drn,dd 1r dt or 4r tor h.id h.jghr. Hdrs ftlored ir rh? norhv6r in6.di& i' the6i md:fiofrd td thc ;uri6. an y r

$m .I5Rhk; in h.ighr rh.y ded inZirim, ad M.bh e Mrdhe md R loudn M*i md Dibr:, tolloqing in g.d.nl r

The aiorl n;.tio6 mm. out d.on@ nrkay h thr c.phelic ind.i, in phich

li or of 4t Eib.l.lif{.nc {69%) E 5i!-ni6st, md ir vhich dr w.3ffi;n Eib;c I b 4 ird* Doin6 nG hncf,vdhrlicL\u if,. .N@'In rh. lordlh.{tt'ioddobly zl (4?%) * !'c 66ir, rhiF sr ofmrG is t Fiq md onlv Z.dritu shM synd!1. xilIriB. Ir tf,. bRdrf, h.icht ii,drx rtu tud i. r [id. ndi! lfult;d: ,6(t3%) r. sisrifst, rd the nns. e:in 4

isnq md-h.ad &sdrh rc; d md EE do6 rh. @brlc sdd whiL h.isln b-d'c6 hil to shdw r cl* p.osnDhisl;rtu

Th. ohs.mdo6 on ti. in;lid hi'L .lu-cidri dB t ndmcid n ddil Lmr rdPdrr .r..n in.c.ipitrl p.oflddl i. whichZ.dJi@ Mrlsis e Midhc. If4 Mdi .nd Dibfl4 ndblv ruino. Mrlis . M.dhi Z:&is&rd Mrti ;t hiph ; o6DEl diftsru. eliLDulagir M:ls6 . J:koft{ hn , r;a Alkrr low in it, In lunbdoid tr..nirz hlrwvd.Dlogin i5 I'igta! Iolow.d by tia tib6 b.h. 4 Th. fqo.nci6 of ih6. : fom ol&mjng ft highidough b r.onni f.r ruhoI rh. difi.r.ne in had fom lhoM by dEr@€n6 fd iddic6. Hw ru.h, rill

Rj.GIONAL YARIATIONS ]N IEEFOR,A OF TEE TACE

Mdsi. . M.dh! hs siminddy hrddaforhads tln dl of ifi.;rhd Ei66 vhichq litdc lrowioE elehtlv

'uolE b dE

6i md $dlL N;. o-ur {iI 20 of dk ns.r6-cmt dif.rm6 t.ed rh. dbs ii ihi3r.{@ft w eu.d hv rlrc Eculi{ie oIMrLsn e M:{the In ih. 6i're;dq M;ki.e Ildhc ud Durarid boditrmd. coo.rfor x our of t7 of i'r $oGcft diEdd6:Diba d( wow i! ii-hitqrlv di6alntfr.n rn bot L Th. b'Fiin is rh; md m-tur of .I n.sff.i6 nd Dujlrd4 rh.vidd i.w4 rcous tor 6 on of tl-sisni6-crnrdif,.ffi. odrv @. ditl@ca Du6d.lDibr:, s.6 de 4 inn6 p... ooe mry simn{iz dK ditrft,c in t@ bmnrh by*ei@ !h:r i. b.nl th. brmdd fr6 riJi

'ni ronn*;r bd rh. ffixr h ih.

ldthrdr tht th. @rw (lif.Enc c in6. trptd !f,tr ot tli. t1c rnd dt t.d in ih.

In th. h.id6 of tnc frc od. Eih. sddjryE flm r[. od'.E. He ir bs tli.lolsd6rl dd opD.r fre h.ishE, bv f:r, of rll_ bth. bEl lie [.i!ht it mmb; Lr N d ol 22t@i6@t diE -Enc: r th. oN freh;eh4 o.trr of ,r. iI * id@ hd. drothiE e mlch rI. lmq eirfi ih. shocrfca in 60rl! dibcioE in dl.solthlts@816 H.r, thar, dr dicnodiy i! t&.Eru .U othd.

Th. rMteFddl indq, shwiq the rhtioship b€Mh h.rd btradrh of lonhddbEdd', mid oily I iad.r poidB, md tmight b. .:Fchd tf,. 5ffid.si-t.rd.d diSstuE ib.low* vrtu s, rd ih. r.lrrfu-t d.d th. hic[6c No !i@1. cib. .r @Dor ribc d6d;sd!h6 iudlin dln chridiTh.ephrlcflad inda Elrridg had bradrh

.qurlly IiEL r;din T[. mcGo;nl i'-d; roc.ly lmd

'i 'll, hd J-6 of ju !iSD;

di6 ti[5 od. ind{ tsir b.ld dd of tfi.drns m doMr o1 iE rn 6addr wL;.h; a lint brodd for i6 siz drr tt'. oth.E,fi. froncronirl ed zEo{oni.l hdic6 ed.n h@ danfur Foi'ioir or 6 sidiimdl4.dc r ft f.m( rE dn. h ;. h!6dfGha& of Mlbi e Mrdhq md r[ 4 in th.hfr- b Mndiot FnbiMtion of r

'.diD&e bedth dd dr @F*d nmdrble ol dLlY. m,! MiA6 &, Matuir Gks Ohtu-r!0. t ait i, th6e hhi@ttt frtctrtim oft . r.dd rrd lr.. rirf, r.ry slistt ddi.i@in a. o16 0iM1id.. Mrilir !;i l Midih

Th. obr.mdG of di* chlll.6 h.lp.@ nd. ln th. hJrhr dd slor of rhifoEh!.d, dn6 no diEdnc6 of dttiiarvdidit o(ff- vhn. in t[e ob{d.d hErdthof th; fo&h.rd LMr. Prlq 0d Mdsh .J|l.N* mm m ld ir tfi. p.t6Eg. ot

.nG of nlminr r !d n dE siz! of th.bbdida or in phbdl.: dE fow.rd iut ofrh. nd;. di! r;rhs ; sn'}lirc ;f th.chcl6, In ih. 3id.wi* dst of di. r,lsmd n tk Nmn.ne of the emirl sEI6, no!m.inrllimi6dr did.Mi. @ b-; roundin dr -Ne-ndl erlG of ue dqoq. rnln.

-,iirholdi6l olllmddil vfii;l 'ELR

b th. ris r;hiffi of th. fdq *l6iv.or rlrcitt. n6., ad mdth, thc Ebd N

lf w ooh dom b th. ctiq hmm. @tibc di6d fon dl orhs: Dulr€in haIdd r Ydc fd crid @iD@ tlf evods Eibe rd !n dR iE ,ihi6tur: ir r!;hG nG b'!t rl chiB rhb rtr od,a md i6s6 ir 3i6i6w in @h qg, IE cnin ofDdogh s;rdi d

' nN6t. c.Dd@ b thc

oihNi* uiflm DGiti@ of dE Mlfu;dGh.F iI fn lillfu fbr Drmin.Dq bi-lrftr:l chitu lhotrld b. ,gcirrt wirh o q-cd of siz:nd !ffiErh n m s|uiw.

Th. n6d of ihe Ch6 vh l6dr i (irri-ftRE r h.iShq 0d. rx n i'rftu inbEdiht Hra s niehr b. ctMr.d h5 drl@d nc bE i .Lo hd rlc breddNni out d 2l riaiidr dif.md ir ndhckhr e dc 6l|l! Md d oGof r inbft;ddl Th. D6d idd.r

'ffi rbonr a miE

vith thr lovd r.lG in illc 6.nd !ft4 hi!n,e n th. v.5t, bs rll moDxiroE rfi. lorfoinmr ffi!, Oft oi r] doiEmr difer-@, 6 r. dE to dE frd ild Dnt'gin isbgMc

Thr ob..miios of n\. nG vhich crnou rtudy inb ni'rE d.EiL m6m tn. !i.lut bL @iorl col'sq ol lm of thnor3ln. h d;@ d.pr6ion rhrE c no dFi-66t dif,.mc ri ri! rd ri.E @ rdi inthd nd ciricd chffir, iho f6 of tf,.nsd Dro6L. In nor h.iqht rnd bndshrilhtDibn os r sliEhi a6 @r r favon{6: DibE ji aled a fiftl. mffi h .biids! bnsdtlE. roundrs ld 3 onr ol r0sicnftdnr dif, .cd n d;.I![dr Mn-sii. Mrdl. @of,6 for 7 our of 3 $ch dif-I.mG ir .ip rllicloe. lor jt ii .Iiehdythickd d.n tic othe( rh. .M dbE *r lirl. rhinds, T*lw out ol 22 diffficdjn tiD paiDotr rrlc tll. sEE rs id rh.Hr id!. r difdne ror qiih w sh-it .E-.idy rcobi r! th. fom oI the nNt ;trErnoth.i hi.hty sieDrhr chr:@. d detib. hs ioi.6rinr Lm h r criniel!@, rhu dr o!\s:thc f; dir*de b.-lkn th. diprcd rnd m.dim EEsdi6lhoq r d6 of .h. cmDtE d fom in Hsud Dtbra Th. shaE ol ihc stu ir s,sEnt, .rdtpt fd Zqdnmr, phich G liFi6dthft&ht .dDr.d b rll oi th! .em htei:in tli. Dcliniiid of tb. *I)l]e rtk $E!ntib6, Mrrris. Mzdlq a&ir* $d lridjb.shov a siFidcmr 6d.q b M dom hmnp.rnoin vith th@ b tfu e

!is-

a

TUMoWI^lNsoFGLffi

A f.w f6tud of th. $fi Ps ol rh'

"Ednw .ioficM hbd vdi4id Th. a6@Eibe ;FcuLiv z:din., M:l5ir . M'dhqrd Dilo€i4 bie hlg. minoddd.vid'.dEEn d.fold! K r th. 6t e E rur!Md In; Dubr tdd s ldow ih.n

'Flfts bdi6 d i$n ccod6 fd la dt of '?8sioj!@r di6.M6 t P.lPabdl oP9nbg

ric lme mdtncr in tl6 :aoon6 in Yof dk d ln df* of D!*sga * lacon of thB mv b. dk @ th. tua tut I;.d$d tlsn 6 th. sow, in bdshr diligh!Md. of th. Eibs hd 20 to 30 Pd c.nt or

".'.,"ltT#t*i"'[,:J #*'. J .ffioblqliry p! not ud

^ro.sorqis.' bot doa

r klE;r nrmvlr.d E@pa6Th.liE ehoq i fo loel diE.ffc odit:

Duhlin hs $icLd inRsu.Dbl lip6 ihr .h.od6: in rs dr or ?r iisd6dr e6: It$ffi low $d M,! I . tudn. high in nd-b@N thlcltq 6 ! rry tiu d€gc d.*n @, Mrl6i. . Mrdha did Mrllh . Jiliorishrrc r litd. nft liD .mio. thr dt o$dOnlv 1f.w of dEt difi.enc Erch I tingE..;rd only or!.h,s a EicPr rd Duiri{int thicl npps lip, w. d Enoa 6. d

Tuoidc b ds !s, R hd Do ffi4deol 6da-u..e W. h1k 6 obemdod inrlL of qbri-h ooly 20 difi.md of I tinB P aor ovd c fouid olt of

' $el or 310 @r

p!rd. Of thd. only { e oEr 4 P... rndan. @dE J p.. w. nrY trY .d tr6ddc. th.r iha Gh.E tib; re !|ft. in th.feqbcy of th. cinPondi fidoF in .d

REGIONAL VANATIONS IN PILOS|TYh th. ob€F.d llm of th. ll'n th. dio

o{ d(D @ loP ErG i vinudly dE smch.ru.; tl EibE, dc€et fd g$, vtlch irKrd.d b hrv. 5iSnifodY For de.ew .d indiridDls tfi:n rI orhrr Rib.., e.prfor Lt'i. M.dhc ri Dlll8id alid. f'dHa rh. othd t limBuy ih. ema uqngo rh. DEYrktm of h*d t\lvidg in 5otrnihs ;d ih. fld dn nv Hs @d. dllild n r th. ciq of Plizril! wh.E niod.nh,ird6 r nor; in toc!. dt{ .15.w1tft, Ir'E no @nfid.dc n tll} d&tindion, In fi.nlfu.. z.drinl thos t hdlncy in rruof 6nm6,:nd LIm of b.i.g di@ ddborh hlr $m. oti i€l erlidiry Ag!i4 I

do dor lN me posE oJ obtrrdo .Dlgbb cotrfm th;.. In h.ldn.ss, n it Ha 4ridrh. od6, : dbtinaion vhich @ b. qPl.jn.don {orhd t'sL In the dwiis of bed }Eirl'Dd fmm bdd {.G) Di'bn dios u *6o"i' md otb6. MNche hrn qudd9, 9cblow ihiclo.*, dd ty.brov lncfficY,,hov no r€i@d wntioas rd lndc t

' The hEr.l d6idn ol ih .y.bros, h@-evd d.a es. Hc th. slit is G.ntirllYboi mt doidnv w/s &u; th. wid*h'osd d$:l ld;Dle bci@ ;dicddv thda.f Dullrpil Mslsii . Irldre!, ?trlq ind b-&ina *. dtw b6*Ed th6. of Har@ Mndi4 M:ti Dd Dibd b dn lingksiFdd {r 5@i6dt difedd *cu. Inro ch'tr6 aeun! sth hrir qHtity, l:1snfiMt d,6.mG ainj om ihnd o{ tled. drEfor folnd h iIE sinqt. cb'ffi oIl&Fl.ft.n@ of thc et bdvi Ari& lomih. winioB in @i.1lidt sd lor Ddrrgintchjo tnn is lh. baqdt difi.He in ote.FtnoG m {oE{ id lir. In Ih! d\*.lom.nt ofrh. vrios_ $p.nu of th. tuid rir, sid.frcn th. d.bi@ .o

'shlt difi.me e

foud, :rd in body hdr th@ i a Md.ncY rdDuLrq n 6d Mi'ir . Mrdh. to l,I low d$s6-6. sd for the 4M Eibd F b. hkton th. hdrld ot€gorid. Tlid. i.ndoci6

REGIONAL VAPJATIONS ]NPIGMENTATION

In stin mloa mly Hd shffi ry @6i$.nrdifi.mc fm tha .dHj5.sltiE of tft*lln Pd. Mdd 6 r.nilr?Ne Dihdrb' ti(hi in

'boD! !0 p.r om of cr rhb

miroiiv of dcftn 01 otlu-tbd-lu sltisc nor 'only siFi6ot siiaoly, but rlombrblv .iM. qhniolt. Thl Hd nniv.G :l;o rhe nor k qnmdv

"ffnl,r.In th. ned hdr coloi, thi ody difd.n6of inpM! lj! h.rstd d. bl,ct rnd d,rltbrcM qtrsi6, rI bt€ (. aunv .ndos.d srih-r.& :nd blod&. Hs n m66d-@ for iu D€dmcc of bhcla di Dtrl-4in of di! t 0m. Tb! mr p6ibly bcdohi,cd bv @. ud bv h3ird6. bli it nrv,r"i, h. *r,l n.*ih- *; , rtuirIor dd siiole tuti*ic2lv 3i6i6@r dllld-de id ihii c]mffir i' ;4 io. In n@ch.cold a i.w dilf*n6 rpp€d. s fo. .irmpL,

Mrrlir . Md6., Duldgia md Mrtsir . J,LoeaEnd @ b. r linL tuF i. drl b'lryZqdrimr {d Dibn in !di!tr@ dil Hre .!dtula h bldd:h.de\ dh tll. oih6. Of.prtl 14 ditr*:B, dt 6trr 2 u. h.l@ 4ric p,q rnd m b. dncosed.

In.'t oloi,, fo Etrdmi6.pB, Duk-l8id rnd M.Lir . J.lovB wirn ii pd edidrl b@ ded rboc brlf dk oths!8litddyl Dibn hs l .lnmdri@ of lightbmvn €yq de.ri@ rI bfr t of tll€ orh6

'snde'itry. Mr sir z:ddn: hN., Eid-

.rcy b qeit in dd iris folrK Tnepignmr difis.nc dy ddd !.ry Mdg.n.dc ri:dq bur * Rtly oI ljrl. an

REGIONAL DIIFERBNCES AETWEENTIIJBES SUMMAR]ZED

Iiring bd rlmuh dl of rls di4s.n6b.Md-dibc h dr ;huftE nt!$rcd ndob*nr4 rnd hreia rsd .I fd stniiolunln@ w 6 nos litr th. Ddicd$dj?mnd vhich itrdoR qo.n i6fld@in dE MornEir Gl.s phd6'F (6s. I2i ,),

a reL+ @E ioPls r[d4 gqd bok

ftiEb64cll, l ldecDlt.gtdde&'flr Ee o & !e rl@ Mr5. ! ,r!oG b Db4

tu86 c* 3d 5 qE ottt qFt d r @iF{qdudh{lEll.u;bg.

, 'mlcboe&!{* 'bdg! l4d@,e&'@'bb&@iho4hd4qdb.ghdi l l i@l i iw4dftopFeb&6odeialE@dgEch6b!!ftuhMir'1!M'dk'od2d'4wd.bbdcefu6*ddt6@np[b'bdbepl'J' '{ch'ghdDhbF'TnsdMg{qhud'ofr f t .sdgft@

ch!nJ': 'TiuvdrdGt!' i tnnud^r4rqi Fldilidc ecu! bsd 6dd ;! Mr&i rM.6?: drsE rr hbkt 6d eF obliqunt

iq,afub]tqd4qrclvdrd3frqdMqhdd!@n'Edftbeis ld*hcF.

tu oi b blrcr bd hdr Dd;!h h& ! &k

&thqqdDbEdngfte@.yE'

WhiL rS. dif.6G i! body sie od hadihrP. s. gftq dr rimildq il fc t@pnciry, ud DiPlrHErion n i.o @& udGrEg5 lmL iliL Th! Eib6 th;r.L;dg.

emd $r .d!6._n\. 6i! brord h6d! of Mdsil. Mrdh., !\._os:nhradr{him.d risE ofDulccic th. o.dnmd&d brdd.Fadr oizidn;r :nd lh. lmdiq ot lEbr browlrd[ribns, sho widr ftd dibrl br.dnE r;rcolrrsbn @ow. f.c md nlM.

o''. of rlE DGr &eqlie @t6 0f rhisin@ihrl cmp.rilon i! rh. dBcovq rh* tn.Ejb6 %ry nd :rnlg rhffilld id in dEdvdridrr di@ir of re, bur in vh* rN.ly @id.rd b b. ddor or irm6.q!.n-ri.l mMiel faM. Il v. Be t ! 1hotd ro dl. srinic of Y.lidftiq v. 6rdrh* Dltrd of 7 dm D!. o. oE rc ndnotiebla itr t[. bi1m;i:r did.@. i. vhichDudci. cd! dl am6: srn. ft@ rdsdni h.ilhr lolow i. n;lue In dI.bucidn'4-Duk{ir de& ;n bot i6 1 truhbori@ hle l4:br . Mrdh. Dd M:rdi .JrLoiii by ro d no( dh$ p.!. ftj^y-ky.n oDi d 60 iDMlil (lltr.Hid ir 7 bo,ly.bs.mdG wnici Ech.d t or roE iir;pe v@ onc.n&d *idl butulc dd lwbrcNq 4 dt of J rh* ded.d 6 p.a sftrh. !0.. Agdn Dnlqid is thc odd dib..

I. thc ners.nob {d indics of t[c h.rd.4, difi.ruG ol 7 d n@ rirc Di, etomd, rchia d *n. of 14 D.r, in !h.ompdm baMh rh. c.Dh,lic indd olM1Gr . Mdhe rDd l-ml lrcl5L . Mrdhcde& sI orhd ribB h hBd bE rlrh by 7

or th! inads. In d. obdfldffi-of rh.h.id. b{|llcih.ly Lads .l in tib,r di6@n-ri:tiotr folqi,.d bs lubdoid nmnir!.Th6. I f.rtu r. ;on6hkd in Dul,gibui !cin\.r

"o od 6 o.. adrnn. & ,l@

$onhy Dor;o nuch l& is @idol dcni'ra, j. wl ch h lhffi hondB vith M,!ir .Mdh., s lor i6 hck of Lmbdoid ntuing

qv

ln lh. fq dJy ? f.:llE eir higb EriGof sipinm, rh. wid.-eErlils .Fbssd Ddqi'! s cdDw.d b Ht5 vhicb rEirc d6

';.,: dd in: lc! daR 6 Dibd sd

Mrdr rl ili. bilsEdl chis o? Dul'siq whchrDD@n 9 D,4 in mnDri$n with Puk4 i6

'hbd dar th. ftid rad 7 wilh ]\,1*D e

Midlq Mirdita Z.&i@ .nd Mrd,Wh.t @ th. impotur indibtl Eid6,

tf,.( n Mibi.. Gh.FiBl Noi sbbtq dhrinM, d rhr sn:Da of the hed (rldrqhi6 bE dth n ino@i.d: d t[. rom of ifufr*bur th. bi.dtn of thc ahoulds, tnf,ilnc of rh. odpitr bm b join th. Pti-

.sls noodnv d lobita t[c dd of rh. 4-broE dd t[.luhit of iL nddibL b foE. lnr @ ci6.. sid. oa tllc cf'e itlfud of tbr iiri. niddL. WhdEGdaUn!sithahdv.lv homo{.M6 FDohti@ nlcl !ih'r or i s4 6l*d *!f,dr or r E&opsn

iion d tlur on. obeis rh. nd vdid fteionddifi*'G, It ir hy thc rDDMcc of shdidffiB dd if,.ir spean idrtion rh.!Md c fom.d, In M.lri. c Gi@ne ih.no* p.cdir ri6. by fr ft Dnll€iq which

,_f!HI didGiod of tim cd e?* b..t nela-d in studvi@ tl'. Doe.nie of

bodia -iidud@ rhc ;r 6ltfu hi,i6 rmn rfi. scrlc d $_hich w gmw b mtinry md

tift *! 6 l prc;lffi, r'r ;br 6 ln.Eg;

do th! cmpm.nt uibd;b;i6 'sry

D rhc@ct (1) in whit wv dG iE q. dnaibutioi, r6.cr th. tupubilirr of rhb-vnh odusi6: rd (3) @ ihr .xddr il { :lL do dif-f.EI6 in @ rccomr fo. 6. intcrdb,ldl6_ @ dg@xttr t1a pign.nt ddpro,ryi d@d m tne Fr 6.pd/

ACCUMCY OF THE PRESENT: DAI:AProbrbly ror moE thd r doa of the

rdlll1ro mn vhom r mffi.d h.* 4.tivI'.* -.ld th.y * Not. of th. oldd nr;did. Thc Gh.p n mEinRE worL dd bhvhv f!mili6. u; nor bv d. rad* Nodrin;j,i d"i. *i, .f liri"E;.rl;*; rdi. k *l:.dq. or a; s.aur,_soffid vhm I Mm-sring_r gdp of 20 or 30 nct\ d flm

6. !.* plre, cmin n.hb6 of if,. .lddS.ndrim highr Lrrow who s dE old6t,fd th. binh ods of the odrE on dosn, burdEy vo'id nor loow h4 old df dc lruqj8br be, Somiro rl'rr co'id drE r binhDwhiy by tu. Ioul htdic.E|! iod r[$r{Dld eir i $riebL mhd. Mon oin.I hrd 6 E ry lM iud@.nt or th. hdnof bdh dpdi,A 16; glE R4 wnillq,gdybg, ud rh. lil.. lthd .l]..d dr.i! |g;

bd, "AbN ro," "P.rtr'Ds_d\" .b. md tr6rsnil. individu,ls d..ld;d th.B.lc b b.

P$irs no iuuio6 s b nv rliud roiudg. ,e.-b tuM, ootdoor liea ;hr.@L+ I bdjft rh4 ih. dqG ot @iey oftji. re. iudsn66 b mae D6t q ;od-!i,t idly, W. r Ged r[ : pr.bebL .!or,nor o.lv ol sdi@, but rk 01 tfu rffiof rn idrd,lic.fr. T[. Ltu r.ndeE ih:G of r.6n!d ftiriol @E $rcio6.rsbh ro.Elt6.otrly ihe 6F ff. of .ff

AGE

tEc8ml. Dllrmmrox

Tl{EMoWrANso!GNG

ACE IN THE SAMPLE AS A llEOLEFmm it e. nrY s iht th. 5sPk E r

uN me rd th{ it itrludd1 vd. sPnrdirom I b 6t vd 8d o€, vith 4<h :ston& oE 19 rysdrcd bY r nisiellY;d.q*a

-b6"mpl" w. md .:!cd N

cr m 6 5hd .r€rY conditid rron lddoldenc b i.ndity. Howr, b.jog u_rbh b obbin dict 4. 6glc .vd * th.llffi dc t.rl, I ihrry oui r obuNryi!1mffi'boy3 m ne( how old drY cldnEdm bc :nd h.nR rh. r3 ?0 SroW n,/_hrb.rn (1.(d. At th. odd.nd, I r'.d ndto BId bd-ov.r, toodns old @ d.f@.dbv th. dis6 of sik d.eY It.nR dYoidd d. md. mv

'ko b. sl.d.4 ine

*dLV id Dd *dl{. ,ll Jb qunY rt ti.

Th.-ffioL. isofsr d n i, .fftc nv6n !r soid $iEbl. Ior mci:l fld), si@r [;lud; rh. whoL spr or rse in vtuchricill siftd.6nd tlEii full.rTtsiu t d1llo bc s.d in r liniEd m. b sdt rg.chs!6, h is nowi no $t$ituE tor .lFdi of chrnF, Y4 bY Yor, in 6. !Mndi;idul]l sih i3ddy 6 n{d b rol.. rorth. ohe(d him.lf liia on ih. sf. tin.('le 6 hn sbj.c Aee chrg6 lddird i'rms or difcnt indiridul, bK r dtrsn@ liniEd ,ppbetio U ih. sdPle ts.n.dglly cd;or in ih. s.n@tim c@dirnd x le d w d Ell. rhn m. 3), ddih. d'd.@c h.s... 19. grctrF indicrE.hrac rh* hdft b..n goiig otr dong o.Dr@i. coDen.d. Bv thb

':r.d m @ hoP.

; i*k d.* p..A^i* "h..g

d* bch@i4 .tvtomnEl idums |fug drh. ;€i|ns .idEr.derdY r thFlsh rh?,gdcy or g!n.6c ffidn

TNBAL VANATIONS IN AGETrtl. t0 .lso .hos s drt nen .9. wi6

@'odlv. Tll. ditr ltra b!ffi 6! '€.oirh. v;llas gfiple Ml4 :nd th,t or Hsa

!h. .dd;3, t0 @. d 34r t ind P.Tnis dltr@r i5 p:!b:bly gld dough.bb. ,,lid, d.n dh.n ny iodgnrnt d Grgtrfg@B b th. tubies i5 tskd into cd'@!m-Fid rh. siDbs Doin of vis o.iY.

'|ffiof ft dibs di6.i 3isr6crdY ron ..cnodd n 4. mq rlthough rfi! :9. r''g' dRch t viurly lh( 9n. Sn dt or l0 vary

fm $. bdl n rd noa 6rn t ti'6 th.erobrbL doi ln ih. following Ftisici;r.rdd, shdes r. @pr. Eibt smCdMrh.rch oih(, v. nK im bdtuidcs d 3-yd problbL tPf oI |gt m@. frmld o 4{ F{n .d dt *. md d 6M.rtui.tulli' vdient r difi$.ne in ra ti-d- ;hi.tr d6 ls r€iondry dim itdid tn thi. 3-y.d

'g. sps in ihe !di6 6

Thil qu6on 6lffth{ c@plicEd bY ih.fd rhri sotu dib:l ldnpl6 4 moE dieo.6rd in :e dnaibrtion ih:n dh€6 Thni[ b! me;ed by rh. vdn6 ror .!. $ndsrild.vhrio.. Dtrt liir hE . c ot 9.2t Frq ?utrof 1r,70 yas,

_Ane t th! .xtrird. Thit

,iifid.n; of 4.4t y.s=J.71 r p.a dd thisjs rhs srinicrlly;oGl*. This aifi.rcnein vr$ixd ni; iGo be ffid to qu:,lryd.. n*s ; etoin ds ln . ch1trRr i',wl'ich rh. liq!'st du6 d. fmnd .r, 16 ssv, rl. rJ-rFvd-old@.l{4 rnd k hri.? irmDlB 6cli with r ren a. of 13, thmth.g;oL sln d,t losd

'alo. d

" miv b.

.rEcka to snw tll. hiqh.r nd. This is6od!d l€n shy *_ns .Iov r litd.no& rhrn $. oN.ntional 4dt of L.wYin rlllNirE th. dinict siFi6dc. dfdi6.mi6 hiwd dibrl rnd dn.r lDpl6,

AAB AND SIRENGTHNo .iqlc @dio cn bG fomd which d-

o6d rf,. ch@ip h.rrih. 'ruiry.

lid;is.l,

-- -& ,[- h" *ued,'

"i-qir.T;bk ii !bo6 rdG rd hdd squ.E D

TdD ll: AtrADSreNffi, ft PouMe

^e # RN@

v

,J

rud. ld .! d. @d6 fd 2o-t4 to 7r-bo

'*; -d &; f; dt-{o y* !""l.d o'r

of 73 P6ibh cmerilc, Pho w 'gnoGdr Ddlina 44 EcL or nd. @ P r, dd

w[A * &ur 6J dPrd 4 eeL!. n\. scoEn tl onr of tt, Ecvd ol ine difsddaed 9,0o rihB D... ou oddiffi .4hth.i. DeI of t@AatlMr in tlEir liE d{iLclji srow& for hilf r d.dd., md thdlElm r@ nliillv.fE 4r. Th. cmbinsaon of lhsiold;idl ctl@ thrh di, @nf6 tr;r b; @md ; dk ndiel mdnorphologii:d d,aff which fol@

AAE AND SEJ,ECTED METNCALCHARJ,CTBBS

TrbL lz pc* rh. :M for 7 *l'ct dndiol dE!@F, ll iDg efthd dm ndiD:c s cdnpDr. rd Pr.s lge 9tu. m8; rll mni I *l6d 5m. sNch h|F .sNirl b.rib. d rhc psbl.ft of this ndY; w.u s s6..rr ilN Th. 11 Yodsmhrblv bom rrE l9l0 n not nmtu;nou[?o. rul s!$jsl erm.d A]thdghfty-&vift from rhe @nds shom L'Y th.

on\.r @ crdE dn @ b. ilErpftd*.h

'; ;"-i'd. Tt'n s u olM. side

rus dr lhc lal6 Fis r th. EtrroP.fud;iE Epdit lnE rga gDd. doG

SsN. in ru nri6 .ha6 v..Y lid! Pith4e {6E, 4). Onlv d d of ,t djfd@c*q..i iF snd{ ra.h I o0 dffi P ., oily@. !dh; -4-m drc * Thn i bardtsigdfimL Judgq by ih€ td _or nd

hdqt; r th. tr. dm d dEy r rolcqin -rh!i. hr rot. rh. rld 4 bodr .nd5 orihc saL mv ENd sldid, $ di!ru.d.{lid, rn ;v ;e th4 t no lvidde r['rdr ndmbin'popubtim Pt grosirg ollsdfttno ih. ld il'id of thr rftfi dd 6F trfrltot d;20tn qtui6. nffi l36t b t929 nGrol rh! MDl6 of een EmPr rnd diralffic;G;rr .tpditritg r shrdY gllMh

vd did d tth rhc nomsiB of tdth.mAlbrtu. Thn conclsid mY b. c.,Dfm.dhv r ftdv of tr mic of both.6. Th. oldsiE ElL;it'd ih; t@su in e idand, rL

vowd tltr tfiu th. old.. n 3. 'fh. n.m;&; of dE oldd *6 l7t,7r c.mnD.@ ofih. vo@r 1rt.47 cniin.Eu: !h. 4d d.or tli. olds. al ,rs, or thc y;sd. r, r;.L Aftric :nd .h.sh.( vh.rc rrovdl id-csd re in Focq the ymg;r bmi[€E6e llls thrn rh. oldd d6,r Tnis sddy of

In h.rd bsdr\ d th. @dtnry, d]. ll1?trimEs qmienrlv rd HuLrlv 6 dc {}{+xr {. srcue,'md .h.; d€nn with tht!mi. rtdLis- Irlis $mda r isdl hsn6in€;.nh;ed by th; IG thd 6 or th.

sEti*isly ,ignj6snl- Tie .iphrric ind*mi.roF h.d bft.dth. vi.n thc sd. s-6ioq dd vith 9 dififfic of ,00 or notama Ds. of vhich 3 *ed 400 .nd o..xc*6 J.00. This cmbn{id is lfuu'I.On. s.6 di. h.ad l.n.ti to prow with !R

d rh; sDdn:xv deGr * in. srt Driuthin out: llE rG budm ol ra. chri. isboft by dr bEdft. Thc .hrt or 2 iddpoinB in the qhalic indd which rcm-pdd ihir ph.nohmd wor b. dplNaLlor rh. Drrribdl difdrnG in dBt cli.ruEr.sinc th. bib6 qhid oD. vodld *pat o b.$.. ncr bDclycph:Lic ad r bdis of rgc

Ir rh. hed [eiqht, 6 difdnc G siietiellr siai66i;$ of th. u$.1 JJ- Two ofrho;rr;oE aan om ovd t.00. Th. hblciia ho*!v.r, no ftnd: hishd :nd lNttnul6 rlcmE rnndm. U;y f'mr othrr$m chde is d Fbl' h.r., pffit .vidmc

Th. f:c. b.h.v6 difi.rndy qid, 4e (6g,lJ) tmn th€ bmin ff. Thi is b be.tp.$dflm {4et v. ,irmdy lnow ol gm*n in hrn.L.vhm. I1le biiEmrtic diM.r ,.tG onrffi'q E rht lii {oi vhm it l@l; otrltl olt ol tJ dif.mG re j6i6@! 6 rov.r 400, hd ? ovd t.m iimdps Th. @lhe h.kht eos antinuoBly rh@houtLf., th. -n.ri tl.E L".L 06. SiG.n d-ifi.-.dc {. 3i6ific.nt vith 3 ovd 4.0o, ,rd mowr t.oo -rnn6 r.. T[is nd6 rh.t our/Vounuin Gh.6 niev o.. BE oI th.n sniEf:R hngdl D-d bft;dih, oqr oIhff E;pdsri6 b tlrir oor. .d@ed 1g.. withdi

ib th. n@ dii;.Er rnd nlil inder. whrchvd! no. s.riled hft si'c. rlEy do not lny;ntturb f; Th. ftein&mihrl; :d thN rqdE Innh.r @id-

sEe hss &venl thii6: ditr!ftnc bFBJtI |c. smF5 '.

e dEh! th{.r id-

6q w m ontft ou ch.s! vii[ younsEsid, se th. n.. d!. t0 will brtde didcin d.n rot dd,r0\: sinc siz. clBn6 od-Dsbl. b !hs. .m in cejn orh.r;NddG not going on in the primiprl $gi@l di-frftjo^ofib.ory:nnn\lh.gnci'pmb'b|yme of th. o@nirn s r whole.

ah. iad l;@!h shN .v.n ks vdi{imrirh rze thm tu, h Ld not. sinoh dif-rnm; b.sd th. m;n or ti. 1r 1sr-snd6f om !0 @ old mwrd ir 3etinicrllv 5s-ri6cd. lmh.mor.. .o cl.r if ninor iEniGe shoM jn tht redsid of non\ .reprpGibly td rlE dip b.Mh ,t

'nd 64

''s.

v

lGE AND CERTAIN SOFT PARTS OTTHE FACE

A nmb.r of Meim nar. b.!n m&b.tuen @ rnd sdE oI illt $ft dE of rlrfie, d.Jr ot vhich n6d be civ; in d.Eit,o'r ebL lr, ody ihc chdd$ in vhich:g. .hrg6 pl'y I pd ol ilffi b 16 h4

h.re b@ rloen, ThE..|ill.mr biniouGol (fip[ilm ( u&4 of ehich on.. GiEIR, L-qDl.rn d. Tk irM@t of ds tdcffi rridilv rlthouh n; d..tly rlicL;_with

.e. @til $. tok,-'fs wb;ch d briDidn wirblc

'[ich mv b. strinld d dE

hsn of @th 16; vfa k ili r Fdc h isI'ddd b ohl.m rhb chdad thd ih.d ri.t

epi lds ' . - . ' . . . . ' . ' ' ' ]sJ '

NcA tunt., bt Pqc1qq

& qbi4dr ol,ImdG,'mdt, cm_( I f-i.r _Dr. Mordelv

d.&dla&rto,r t r r tuhi ! lhrLdl tElstulh; ;

isq,bn leg a FB!!8B. r;d h tu qy FosEi* 'fu

4v h dj'rx,r4d -

e DrslnL cdkelyi dr UP lnmbdqG Ii c cNld bc ob6cr.4 tLis dith 1g..'fh. r.lsioshiF b.tM thc fatu. dd*!ioB d.trol ahecta trh s occluiot\wiI bc di5N.d r t[. n n ch.Pid For thal,la6r h i! .nourh io st rh* Dd t L.ik t[. croe Wil',i'ston l@k ol th. Mod'bioGh{li;ndoa;4.. Tb. a lob. .lso.bs !;diy, slowly ritn the dly d* rhd

Thc 6rl vi@ ch'4 litdq tn dp, hoe.8, dicr.B s_mduut s tfi. LE a0 5 rd

ltrsht dd liol6;nfoliv in th.ii diadnn.fu.fl Th. Ddrion or dr dP, howd,cfi{C6 iodilt md 5ig ftrdt siih lg.i

si6 ; dldi r Ei.fri@ o'f ha!id. f0; rh. shaD. of rl]. brcl oI ih.

hdd. th. nc di5dncti_E ch'li.g ot Ditrid6 ln. D'd pro6L, tlF high fqmncy of hNhb.:h b.id dniiGiv., In M Frc.d sar f..qr.tr+ ol t0 Pd d d m. lof co'w

pb6l6 ir rsch.d o.ly bJ rf,. bE ,0., itlm'iB fdrly @Ilfur odil th.l!r. J0\ rrho idlgd

'Dble Nbrbly d the efi

Dm of the trc rhilr 6c rnd tn! iip pilsaomwrd Th. w m.r difd.n6 hiMon6v!

'nd coni' dd 3E!.lr fd (nvd

ft siFiicrti so & ih. Frc6dL difiedcshN;.n 6. t0-24-y!rrild grclp dnd th. lold6t dtadis, If @ @ b n.aiE rffi of 2dyEdd Ghlgn m wodd pmb-rbly 6nd migh n6 in rh. mioiry, widl

Tn. 6n!ii 06., e dd.ciirdy Di@ic nin En r fatu oI rF. So b thc l@ r,q!o'4 rh. rhin liF, flr "tyo€t' Diruic it.

':n pasr middt 2s..

_

AOE AND PILOSNTTrbh r,r ind 6gu. t shG d. chrng6. in

pi,6ry ht octu d od sd€ Ms fDncbg

E EbL l{ ;hoq thir ri!6 m] y i*hrg.. N@ of tic yonng6! rg! gdP m

T.B.. t4 AGE N tlm Q!^xrm.

1!@ o@G ,^w

hrl4 22 E. ht of tlr. old* we. Ti.thichd of dr bad hri s,hE my mid.4b.em g.rdDlry ndued flm tli dlt 3dtdwt4 but tni! chugt ft i nimr G

Of th. fre luir. rfil n@ch. ew Ef q s .'rl@4 ud cbrnEcd rctriielt littL,nln e n ! mimr rid; Th! hrirnE olth. ch;.i6 od j.* iaG.d ro t[. Etio oIJ F I ud 2 b r. Of rt. dv hrii rhrt or

th. cm dd kF i@ in d. 5m lGhiona cn.&i sd jis uril di. nid 30\ rd tl8o@is tuEni Th. chdr h1j. in.EGhdt of ,I }inds 0f hrn oheftd.

wth scfi i p.pDbrio4 ud this rpplis lormcr if m rll aelik" rDLi n i5 iid.s rcompn 2cys-ollq ;!.h d 4 emmonly

spl. LiLT r[8. But !@ls vid hm @b.sm JJ 6d 60 @ old qornd b. c6-@hla ThB

'lrd! tla ou dbd mle

iLspit. th.L.ignfi@ rgc wi i@ s-silb. .omFnd qirh ech dhd in ft 7 siF irof htlin& sd io lhjs tudy.

AGE AND GFJ,YING

TrbL ,, rd fum 6 shw otfid rg.ch:rc in rhc hrn-rh. oM6iv. 106 ofPignift ehn :$, I6l)M_ a;gmyi,g. Th.hdd hd bei6 b eftv * 0 .dLiq a. thmthrt of th.-rubcFe phich ordrd h.rdfian in d'. Lo Jors WlEd h'n qlfuiFtuh6 ;6 rdDrr s'. h rt. rot 4it d*i'l.v.t od. qrvi@ ;roEffi in r dfdnrr:lhior Fdn tniddyldi und dl. Lk {.1n folo* orc EE of Dior6ion which sbos$ . pdboh @ r *ighi gFph dd . sfrigtt

i t i ; i ; t I i : i

TrE lt, Ad N GdYddD*cdcnFah'rglcf lFfuqt&mbig

adyosyd

6+-. . . , . 1r

i , | .J^g6dDlg€qfGr.,jng

# Msr ' # r tuc

Lttubon.. . . . . . s

Byn'ndgl l fudhlooDftr !eu'

e T{ ' #% *x *%

lin. @ r lmi-lo! F d; fM rh. lt {0 ! d-wd rhl nE chiiid 6d rhi5 qin lirB tfi.f@ of . .i@L-loFirlmc fudid ksolnd .pF Gdn tlit ilut rt lM 2 PlrJ^-ioloeigl lr.@ {. Gporibh rd tht PnF

H?L cdor !d &. Gnd6

* % # % 'a*

n{ffioa ,nd m n M in notion lrd djntn otl|d, Wb.n b.ldrc ii uLh oq flmdn pddidg *did sd plftd m the 5mcbJt, ir bral5 ft dcdy dk s.ft rs. { gry-in! * th. , r6Mjsl loci ndi.d. Thi! i! d'.qi. rffi d rh. D. chn { shich r.rurh6 3hoi,a bv rhl iruo||rG {c4 6!rofi fi.Flv: old ic ,@ .U MMbtnch.8r &tl$ b d& jo h;ry had in dF

AGE AND COLOR CEANGESIn ,I bur 23 {2.67") es.s it w* D6i5L b

6rd ..owh drdEd hri6 vidr t[. @y rorrL r ioEiia for lrn cobi As ibl; rr&o sio$, bhcl hdr M noE 016 ri.d orh. hilhd d.G ol nvins .na d d}-rkind alft ;d ndd_Lh-ift-h hrir ;[owdmch l'lm erM6 dd th 3 orhd olddEg.nG, rI- Iind, Phici 6d b fom .{@D. k thb bde d:. hlr!-hrRd |lE;-r'y.".g- d* t[. b* .nd [gn Djr.d

oi M 3d @rdhrird ! d*v !w otlef Whil. w dffir 2nssfi- r[n vidt cmpld rs@!@ilk hlr tudid ck@oldi'idl .brBB indr tu. lm. rh. DlBnr flidme frros rh.*cmd ..fulsid.' Ddt broh-lrrir.d mnrn 3 !.5 vtues. m ih. mo d'e blrr-hu.d ma:nd-ih! dif.mc. ltrfi.d d.ld rihd i6 tsobrbl. m. TrbL rt sho*I'w de Erme. oI blrcl hrird md i+@ h ech d; ed. flm ih. dlv 20trhmsb dk lftio!: n rh* dm. n;rhi.ghrpD6 to rdu.. dr. trio. on thr orhdh.xd. drt bmn-hrirad IM d , drc 6.@troE 6 blrcl-hi.d in yo*b th.y grw

('er wnh lge mril * $otri :cr 4c1 rh. ?cold bnck6 f @!rL end r 4 60 rh.nbl6 tur M.d, rhi bkL-h:rd-o.n dtsnbhd the dzt br.M-hliEd by od I toonc. l,icl't bM- {d blond-hri.d lm. itg*r.I,-do nor ldlq $ d6ic I r.nrc;@Ar ,8t 60 borll n\.y.nd r[. dd. bDvn-hiEdcodn..nt b(on Do4 n@@s. Bv ,@60, o6a of rh. n n m dr.rdv @iE !;v,-itlools e if h b. cs6 r[. d:;ldr hi- s;loBbrtu b bL.ch out .t thn dne r we wr bdc-dib. ou *ris m rr. hrii of . elnl. ofrftiE 4 .g. 2q c!.{Iy dn orc rodd hrEro s:y rh:i rh. Mounin Ghqs $e pE,doniMdy btrrm brftd. wn[ bh& ;ndhli.I-trnad individuds in .qu,kiz.d ninor,

rh. h!d. In s@l dthd chM6 vhichq4 ffi 6 b. diriel pob6 of irembildi6.Hce, :gr @d b._s dily .Imin.rd,w. h!* 5u ih{ hililns, h,ir cold, r.dtoEt t c. h.lqhr v4 ($i&sbtv vidr rpr.rd mq dIl0E th; .6ed or rhi* ch4;

Two rib6 ah;E dl orheE * rn.nr|vF+d: Irtlcgid Dd Ir{. &Md dm tlEymmoDoliz dje FcuUsiri6 shich !w6thd ifi. H'sNrd Gh.F & not r horidEFomB !rcu; o{ mDL: ft* FtrlEirii-c.s Ee[.d aon itr ih,eRr ro, tlr Moon:Ein Gh{ Ph.ffir s. th. birsonDrdilmu,-r[. tmi'r;e h.ishi, rhc rmof th. chia tha Plotuim of th. butucls, dr

\Lrl; x#/;

ntut6a% 6eaB3,r tt^.A

Pt6lne o t6 ne of brld6, .lE l.r.nlGim .r dE *brcE {d rll. cold ofil'.lud tun Trir. rd shlM htrtutr forthd. chdtu tn Duliein,nd tla Ir 4hhb. I hrv. s.grp:Ed ihi r0-rqyE-olds ddnd. aDe MNEtid. Bv .otr|liziD! rhtrgt di';ibutim \i. m:y hoir io finidiuhlrftd rf,. Fclliriid6 G lin!.d o:gr. @

Th.yr.od Th. 30-39-]-a olds of DDt-rgin e iu a mctt bud.r rhold.r.d rlwd'.n q. nc of Ha a rh. robl snDh.Tn. H6 dd brv.ldgd f?6 thm ils Dilklgi, @ { dy r8! fi. DDragio ro hfl.noE btuEJd chi4 r.nB l€n bi@clq 16bddEi noE bibt Pl .t roid of .lE .yFbr.xs, ud hG hmvn lzn, rhrn de Il€

Tn; di6;n6 * ,.rt oG. nq ei&aFi inod.t !1MiE@EmDis jr thi ord

'[Dk. H6 rnd hiq-h di

lel lryLdc *hich difd in .\* i6E6fM in; @t si6 rdd flm ach orhd.'

Tra 16: AeCGroNCiroturl,F

h;

i.i6. Ar .r. ,tJ, h{}sff, blr! b'iEd dmqodd b. in rh. ftidis. lr b Nb.6lv iNd m or mon otha Eu6@ DoinLdd; tfi4,Dn obr d.F.n&.d rha q ol itu gnple.Alln@h d; elor sho% i Nmba oI aiJ-fqdd in;.l.tid @ .sq dm. of rtd ccmt'nbL in

'lr@ibd. M thc ehich s

hdr'iN di{w4 dd l}.y do nor d.d rha6idm of th. mDk: r d6criDtion lor dy 4;vr 2o wiu ciF ; hn Fd'. of dn ch;rieE fd th. rduk nrl. Fjpuhtim s r whol.

/GA /ND IN?''NTflA/L D'IARANCESSo fI in rf,n c[rDt{ bd of th. tudid of

@ vai.d@ lM w.d to lhow th. !6itionoI d. $rns s i v[oL. rnd b mdd]i c@Frbk wirh oin r 5d6. som. ol rh. r'd-ai!6 haE brd a h.ri@ os in@ihrl di4d-.n6, For ffdc n i5 cL( thtr d. b4hntu ol th. D;oDl. nonfi of the Drin 6snothid b do -$rh {.. in @nFri@ v'thth.ir n;ghboE b tfi. ioutll rd .ld .h. lrft

BITETHE MECHANICS OF DENTAL

occrusloMIJ AVING d6sib.d th. Grtg phdogTt,

wbughr in h 5y the F$,g. of rh. individ-urlfm ylud' b old |g., w noR on b sNdyih. rdd oI |ra'Dr on ok tsn or rhe hF

pulq'mluding cih, ;:*s, td th.;,'gilrutic 4h6. Mdt FoDl. b€U.rc th,t mrdBcm b. dFdoFd rtuotrgh .Fcn.: thn b.L.f

Mi;mbr;;(loplmni lav6 ic m;L i. ih.bon6 which deliE tL!i! hddns t r.li-oELv eldic. Aiioa ih. mN

'cti!. ms.td

io di. lmm bodv_G de vNch oFftrh. lov.! irw-r ftm@nh.

'rrds. dd

.xi.n:l m:d inEn l eiqoids 'boq

rndthc ahty!ft b.l@. .rh6i_nel6 r. *Pctrd noi 6lv in ch.eim dd swilowine. burbo h e&nt. Th&;.ngth is $rpd5iislYers( r dste $.d bY ddn6 h m.ff[it}l.rs M& rt Dd!n& @ft E hies d odird ct w: An*ied 3td!r Th.cf.div. n;eih vhich 6 b. ai*d d+Fndi od : ddnb.i of fe{orr, ieluddg th.;cnnl oou.r .1 ih. (v.r, mscl* tlE d.oilsor

'h. L!mF, md ih. nusbd, pGita da,

rnd conditid of rfi. cdh. Th* lls erYwid, ffe sq rg., h.,!iL rnd s..

n'r hmrn lcinc. ,Il;r trini hi! b,ibv kth,@ otrr widr-r ltighr or.i5rc. Ht uD*riDcibB h6 d;sidv 6vd th. b6irE .de ofhn towd ;ci;i His am6 :nd bhus?dsnoR or 16 nsll Wh.n hl .uE hn pq-nanmr @h. thi! M. of .cdBion cdtincA! h! grcs olds:;'ny on. of r thing: ruY

hL ;lmi idolr rof,il; (b) wirh h.n1 chd-itu h. loft th. firhn of movi@ his kMrh; roMr4 30 rh,i thr mno6 m_tr .dsccadg.: rc) witfi r.ry lftle dving h. !Lp6 hisblg Pw eckld, rd tu uPFf (nd6:nd lndou o!.rbp dE lowg cinind sd in-cio6 .mplftly. Jlli5 i5 whd ; cnhd 1

'De. DP, vol q pF 14

mrkd oEr6ie, 1 @naitld wiich Dmnupay 6u .& of dolm 6 hrv. cmicd id

On. inpotut 6dor in rlb doj@ of bi6b th. ultrE of ih. niionxiotr ot th. c@dyl.or ttk low ird: ttu,oint s r vsy cdel*

w{4 bidwrd. dtr 3idsb!. Thu {hich-.E hy yd choG b !iE, dE v.FiiLnrDdibd:r le fr.k6 .ffdo&ti@ .adth. 4th bl. rh. EqniEd Firjc jn i[cirG Tht id oi ninic.ti'i! hm'lr.d! olpoun& or neq c*.r\ ;rd e.sdblesthblshoor r Ddm\ Uf. nE rfd no! o'lvth. f;& (di,md bur rr5o th. cd D;spie th. glrsy lDrdns of .lmd, j. w4dl)*L Th. cM vhich 9r. s dE hhd6ot the td\ o; *ltich cor6ldd 6 drgroovd in . ni!$onq m d.q nndd c.din

sumDtid of bmd n G rt@d d nd. dnqDd rhn vrn3 widr dc tiid or tuni If 0dtha the sF [rm wm tut if tll. biE hab.om.ds._Hdsq th.n th. d.nEl surfrGof th. , jr6 my hdl b. lmoorfi, rd r obrysnndiE b.@6 ocibL. ChdiN is n.q;implvip dd do;n: n dms incGdd mctid.:;siil. .nd f.r.-ddrri mo{@ butuil ii! poinr n.mion d rbm jr reh.d3rh n|fulnB N jwF Iniad by r[.c@s or by ib..EL! of th. frdr cth

Ii s s.nislly b.liFid dBr ln i msNF rduh.h. .ds+ro+&. bn r.i.c navid chNiE,dlete-eqn4 rim ilr'ooml oci$a. Th;ffilcd orrbiE ii sDD6.d o @Eft n!j.Ddci* of ndtiorio sml.frd with .ni@flqhli proc*.d roodi dd n d chacdjsr;oiidiDirirl Roms hB* orotr* In IIltirs r b}"odfti or r ri.hnielt hish c'vitadotrn is !m.dm6 elkd r d.6.sti@ siin r-oihq t'T. of hn. occu;, th. und.rhn , invhicn rb;,o$u incisoE poh& frtl'er fd-mrd ihb d. !pr, I! i5 the 3NIkd bdr-dog b'a, rn r;onDly in iny Me pLc., orpopul on. In or Albmio nri6 v. mid.din; fo@ ryT6 of hiE d6ui6.d r6N.,

v

t

c'

lc

DI'TE /ND AGE

T!d. r7 .hm rh. abrid td.d biGryl.dd rgc Ttu 4d vhd. biE ws lnMb b. .&ccdF *c .dlv J w oldddDr ftn.l|gbdiss IGnq ;d r\i5 djf-r.trr i siFidod bv t6J tins iE ()mprcblbl! d; Die{Liting rtE tdn€6r r8t

,G?{ .h. p.EdE* of ;ErbiE ooomb.;r['t ot.dg6cdte rctGios n.dy J @ r,tnd d'. 2 b.con. qui rr .5our *. 15. rfE*ltch rh. rlis qi,eodiffi r. -F.^cd irthc *ly t0'* Th; ct6!6 in Etio which btsn 4 n* e dd l.e;6 b snirid rE aiscdd or ifi. rn in ;@dod of ;ndd-l@ @ vf,c. dlid it"ri of tira coukl noth. d.cmjn d, Th.y ii rord.d d "m,

Mak d dabib e 3o idfq@t th.t th44 lbdsiioly d|mr d.8tgi6L, Tt y n;seM ttuoogbru th! $t gndE in $.h .sy tut on. lso. sr drt rh.r c j'ctu9tog d d6.siog, :nd inn reoit srh lhrt4 rooe or Mouain chq ede hrbtE.Uoddhis E.o n@ u l* Ir.qift tun

Any dorion rjir ryp6 of dlsim ehmdi@ lrM b. d6irir.d bv d\L .ddoeNo s.miic ii6lhrim r;@ io@h b drfthdf rh. e@ohdm @ h,r-H.;d ch@-ni. dlry ih. lildim of oi ok hb,.*.Occldd i! fucrioid bur; dl ol th. cdrresnoM ir rhn sia . nmd rF shjft ft;o@ b .+@dgq or d m; of ir b. d@b d 3s tn foodimE rnd 4iiq h$iE, tuh5 rfi. inE dtrdid ot swd, ,nd pGibly the

knou." ltrirm rI* bv. b..n w odlhb bE ch d. D D a'iw r noE lih.lYiod-"

-r th- rI.+ am (* id md ld;. ii

is lia$mbL ra sumc rlEi bdr of rh. "$-Lnlr* of dE l.ii@ !t de td had.dq.-bad!. biR bft w ;;d b. !E. rt i'.iioftddlbh, bur ul1@i4 t $ppc! th4

'mqho hiE tdind oe.lhiE bdl r. tl wiUdo $ ld th. d of th.ir liG. By id:ling th.'\'nk'osnf to the .dg+Gdg. qqory onubh 17, * obDi. r.rpKim or thn hrTd

htr''otutioo of sfr bnd fron M 6,ld-ic b th! Y lFf I k.v. th! rtlMr to rhiiq6im ro ih; *p.6 id rfu ddhl 6dd.

BITE AND GEO6R'}EYT.bL I3 eic if,. dib.l disEiblrid ol bic

tFd. In dis faM dk Eib€ vrtu fudv-nn sm. of th! did.rtrB r. ftietle-d@ifr-cor, s for ffd. rh{ b.tffi -Midi; rdLlm h.dFb<d@ wlnch tu b 6.tgtrc p., ldrdb ir_by fs iuo@r in.dE -Gigi. shich *rd ii' Eddl DdSo eith ilE

dd Moi. g.oghPhicil f6o64 *.Pt fdHa With th. rfle d@6oa dr nod_.95@ 6b6 m high6r G s[ght dsbicol'a nidr r iF !trt)4 thrt lh. c:rholidqE rh; .dGto{dd ;@le bst in t oui orrh. 6 rib6'whd -botl frjds e lonov.4rh. M6Lfl hrv. , fikhd.dgEGdg. rdol. d! sinll Mrlsa . hlo[i., n\. c:tholic

Wnr ihi' disihltion s 6 sho* mrclhin rltt@.15r is t[* nkht o/.rbno Endb rrrci th. [is M md{d wtr ind tbc. lnf t rofr f i . 'Rnn{nnqd.Pt l la l i6{ ib.niddLof d sror4sndPukrhs.comaci{lb,l.ry Lr)m [d $v.rn

'i l(drir, md oth.E

do bsin*.!hzm sd Pd ropir, TheollrBEi,l haLdid M Nr r sftit podc

r8&*.4#fr

Mqt. . . . . . . .0 r r 'e

I

I

;

;

:

flm a ffin Rid.l D4d{iq th{ ofNik:i

' M.mn!-id oiri th. drvid. fm

sh6ii rd Shd& lie @ot b. ,hoh bh1E rnvthiN o do sith ridn tood bb@sdnr ],ldsb-oddom.rFctli!forth.chiddiEdne in di.r li6 in th. !Fci6 of minil..6. vhiL di. l@d ti{ ELB th. rci chd-n'g1 6q4 is rhd !d. lo! botl' in dt gr*n

d'd hm. .vd, { Lat in ny !:p. 4c.Why $r\ hs tft. @ of dE Ii9[6! nrie

.I .deem-de bik. wfid rhl @ @ m.+

".dh H,igm dnen frm v'lhg6 of

h.!.di&ry omhcirl b.I.d all. ffir6 .iis !i€ i. r[. r4 di*ihntim, T$a'iy-.ilhr hln d th. Ild-snDL f.U inb @ 6oiorE]e, of r[Be 1! IEJ ed!@di.-bii6rl sl{hdy-dv, od d. n;li.d{vir. Th.

.dgcH+. Ptio ror th! lg. gnd. b as rnLsr ehich mds { d. otb d ot ftseL i! bi6 fo4 2t no i. rhc rm. 13!

'nd. hrd rr cdrEhd!.. rl sliqhdvrm(

;nd@unds. ri! ciG r ndo ofai lroft.omE ndL.d-oe.r widr sliEhtlv-ov.r dd6d{ trnn deGdsa ih.- ni$ 4 rE6!d. Th. bi[6 w.F simele oldd nd

MDch me Ganh n rnsili hd dd. ir wd. 6 dplrin the incid.ne of ltidd! of occln-sim dor Moudin Gl'.a. Atl d'is qmd pNibfy GompGh ii ; !.m s r rcam'

BITE AND 'ACE

HEIGETSw. hrv. sn in ch.!@ rl. 'Asc" o:F

7d th* udik. nct othir gctr or fi. bidrth. rrc. l.€F on eswia rn@hout li| lnold rpe ho'i,rE,-ths sioqh t ofb 06.{by tlie d.tsiontid tnA lG of th. EtL Artftc crh v.d dom 0d drop our the.latrb.rd€n of bod m rb. rd mddibk shrinttt@Eh rtsoDtio( rnd ihc chin dd nc.

"eqoich .-li .d'*. Th6e .omp€sdory

@ I(..owii 'd

doEI diboq dohdn(sril';N. rPcc.. anons sdr ir'

lif., in odB dry d@iom dlY, Th6.ditr r.n6 rhE :d.ct trd only n.N btrr.ko disrGioa dd lmuG .t vd.hiuiY, ircludi'; rh. mhahl. dor In l sid vhichimlud; r hi* 4.ndF or md who hrEechcd nddl ;g.. or i; om n wllch Piorft.dr 1r comm { {y rgai son natudnc b. foud b .lihiue thn soure or dorl.i@ rw& of d s pobkd b.forc l€{ving torAlbiui. I included in ih. noffimor blmkni olnd'jd ft.

'hdr.6ry d/. ro u.8,

,nd fa.e thananat d@ to las tad 'b'dFianlt gs.srr to ob6.nr dddl cdaditid snh

ihis probl.n i. nind ti ro n.L. g€ncln

obeMfuG rnd thm ty to 6im& th. .6ect

Trblc r9 _&Ih

s rh.6 ol th. $ry. shd-oing fton vd tu hB€ly widr dE.dgdE dqr eE of bia *hjt 16 4d {sorprionec -mdd chncrutc or md who hrd hrdNdbi@!, :nd vh@ t.rh vft Ls voq indE ishcs vhft moush Ead, w.E ldr bEn. In o.lv J is@c; v6 n D@tblc 6.Ei6uE rft; ihom@ ro bodl Shobincdu. io v.r !d ib Lo-y.d .'lid tfi4 thridc to lc and rh.ori,Eon. Th. bl frc.h@l't DmB oI t[. nd sho hrd lntrEd!ho-@iN IM vd *n

'@inddylmnd d;n dE 6l md, h rh. + rnd ++c{.rc!4 th. m. s5 dc of rh@ $5idb l; ind

'bmrptioD, in th. ++ s4;ry

o v. rn rh. 6a of tfu uDs r1c ha@htmJn', it *6 th. rM q$ h'd onds6mlc rd $Mrtiod vho 3drn d ib. gEd&dudi@ lienifroft in both + rnd ++ot8tr'i* Otr the b6ii of rhd 6g1G it

of 6bl fre h.iohl uDod f:e h.hhc 8nd th.d.padmi Dd';s, t[; 164 md n;rd.d s +or ++ in.in\.r los qtrgory wiih ihiscoftdim ihe (drtid oY.n d sbl. ,t wcm Qn. Thc ni.cu 6trc n6tly lrom inoldd rge gn&i md to m0i. thu ?? p& ei.

O". orhd $did irfliE 6 h. dPloEd:

'h.thd. wh.n v.d. ld. sd 1bsoetio e

.linied. ih. iyts of rlsid :f,6 Ieh.id6. on nilir.uDp6. rh{ ir, M h:did;d."1 tubl ;!d.d; rnd id.ntcl E.th,.d one lm hd d d.rb,t. {hile th. orlutKh md dq.c.dF, the hw wodd hrv.d. lod6 tic.. Asih. t$i Brt of Ebl. reshoEihr i5ot t6. cd.. Occlsid h!' mqu!6ang .t!d wh:wd on ra. cnstrli.rePr tuoDgh ulg, ia, md

'bsorPudT^BL8 19: &r!, Aq

^M !m $oRtuft,

F@s'@F&'lwB

(Ndb) .. (?r)

1.o et t*q en hE r@ lrighE.)

+ ++ +++ Tod Tod

(t wqs (t tcrn^n],i!@x

i;

BITE AND PACE EREADTES, WITHREL"ITED CHAtrICTERS

It is Niblq hww.r, tl'* f.@G in oc.lu-sid dy b. ffid aiih he bodilsA d@risir d.rdoollm of dk @Pont'hri*;4 md pEryioid! hight wu- b'iig.b.trr r i'cl@ in d. bomg dd lh di[. zygorotic rh6 E46r.d in dt bjryge

soadi-@ e. euD, F:d bE dth tu'ftad 3r; { mnii;;r dihre rdul! UJe up e th.be Jot, TIG itle4. tDFft ro bc coDcd-hrcd :mong tht nE Pii$ .dgEc.dg. biEind of ihr nd Yirh o'dB 4

'tungq,Afthowh 6. dd gm$th 36 io,go tr8tu,

e6rl Ehtio6hip. ona6 only aggd n !: Llrd'nood Pmhy ol dFrindi! 6jng.

T^BL. 20| rtr BttmMrtc Dl|@ Brn' N Tds 1i/ru'

E4gdF., . , . . . . . . . . . r4

Ddc diilfu. Td. 20 coftiB ftkvddrinis I' sed. Du qith .dgcc.S!

ddbrd, bi !ti; diFdnE n l.3r rnns P.dly.. UttL shofr of sisni6de Th. rrftdtri th. dd sdr oesbiE w.F t F*vo@s .h{ thc oi|is ljnlc dln b

'3e Ii

ir noi F b. dD..Ed tha b,h o'e ,hoordh. dftd b hE brcdtl. but Ethu dEuout of lroG w<l vid dif.mt lid&or bia rd-thir ffiE s bd b. ntsutdby iu .dd oo_tn b.d! ia, *.a h th..ilgEc€dgr scg.ry. the biz'€omtic mrinad6. drn@hdlMr of w.-Tm od.l , of !h* in_.sG oE the ns of the .b6.nt va€qory c sigdfd Th. dH giotrP.d bYP.t citqori; rlso difd, bov.B, i, !st'nd d* 5twomric t.d for dch @clt Soly foll;s d6.tl, rh.t ol tlE .olF

whlav( ih. uoq @ Gh.E rt J d 'lduinN* vid' in ilE bizwNrric dirnd.dD r s6 of sdicdiiinnt YounFr

In ordd b Br.{d ol bie 6rth.r, si'-riG sinild b th@ for rh. bizygm.dc @

'.d. fd rh. hGdid di.md, No difid.nd

*d. foetdt thl ditltrid dG mi.m in-(jrg. vith rd Th. oh*mti@ d tbc ro!Md nd sid;vis. i* of th. nBI6 dd in th.tuUn6 of thc ch.il5 sE fdh.r tsd forbit prop.ni6 ilso dddt showing did.Foc! ln dia M th. Dh@a ndno qu,If,dioc .i@ u o sosi' t[. ui_dojldiw ot rhr losir lc s*ed bY th.dd* #dtlE of d'" bi',gdrt !"

-d bigo!-

irl did(@ nd idM mb 'sa ^gdin g.piEl Dimic !s t ddldy individul

I;

:

;

solL

g

TI

SO.L AND GROWTE

-l1t{-tT rhe dtrb! of rh. soil i.lmnc

I !\. Eowrh o( Doou[rio6 vho lik odis Drodua hs 6.d;fi.n clrin d {d n.dlta! 6tcn ddi.d. wiihoit 1.stuhL ddnbr n; on Ldor in thc d.r€lo@.nr of body siain nr( s in othd dimli 3.s iholrd thrye6 ,go n his wdt m rf. clildrm of iFnisflEr rn<L d *0r,6 o lhB subna M*rh;;y sd M.rcdirh h:e. +om rhit lElirnFhoolboF bolghr !p in Mi.nsE rcr\ nth. 4r.r 17, i n.m mrc or l?l I cdtj-nG( r 6N. fd sboE ev :d'it lEnftpon d foiltiy.:

l. ndfrhm Albdnh w. M!. foud EbalsM tllds difdina fron .rh othd . litrL16 dm 7 end11fu or omD,Eble rdultsbG esus. This ir not hir Nch fde.n.tiqiiv iimr{ DoFDbiid J dq

'c-ffid udd sdy ditr mr .ondiinir ofnstdtio.. I1 m rdi.* th. uli6t rfrhrcDon.uic ser. of s*iE rld4r on 6nds;obllv !r.* dif.r.nG b.se.n isol.Edlinqi ii3orc of rhe tut6i suv.F n'da. h,ri...iury Ld, ald nod.n n;hods orfood diftriburiotr dd moit F rdiEda h.dbmn inedu.d, snov.d r nuch hor. eifomsbtu mp. In rhd.6p€6 Albrni wIcdui'ly in no nor &rci!!I. r Dcition inrere tlin SviadLnd in i6e 1330t,

1Ve obeir our nuditid llm rlE sil$JoEb thr z@ry ol @{rbl. du, mdrrcm ihe nd d idl x ih. hill{ of mirulsvhich ft f.d won th. su!, O! of ilE mdob;oG sh@ls io bc msideFd ir li@ned.d Io! .h. eoMh of bomi bnt hs nEhlin. ft n .d. -.nd hov nuch ot th.t vhiciis id th. soil Erch6 s, is ndt tnoM. In e-&ft 16 mch 1tution ha hd pajd t .h.tme elen.n6.r d&d.d tor vdoN ndtoucprcNq 6ur tfii5 subjed bo n [tL knlM,W. .& told ih1r ch.misl ferilircE 6il to ptrrbfk the drc. €ldmb elan ftm dE 3oit,dd d.t nDm is fn htu.

,suiiucn. rh aF{d e, tuq FnF$G' 'ddRjpLy' |N.pPa's9' l , rd lcch

T@ littl. is hl.m .bdr th. soils of mnh-.n Albmir b ll€mir : deEiled sdv of dr.ilrdDonshp @ pn,siqE, bn vr c; 6rd o

6r rh. eroiiel oiN. fh. Lftd hs 1l-rcdy 6en iracrib.d in chrpEr ?, Ladof ii. Hhhhnd Ch.6, od d,. pdoBlg.olosiel ;d blocLed oui,Ib Al'igilin

'Tn Mcuoic lilBtd. of M:15i.. MadhqShir rd M.!i1. Jatovii is 1e*ncR con-dnudd of the bdn l{rtr ot MonEn.go,AIhNi n is 1 Dmr counw for llmins. udmuch o-r ir s g;d o' y roig@ing ge-ts, rh.

atJn hDgry, m lrrc. dd naty bo;d. Ttre

mi! rll rh. q;y frm M M:th e MrdherG md ol Puk . dl of Mndta ed Dnbot %drlnr, M.4 ;d Dib4 n in phc-fo.

ljdin vom{ur f.rm of nordM N* Ens-hnd. Tn .sRm zdr ot M.mrphddTrisi. rdd UNr P:l*Mic rock $FDoru.p.n nsdosi;nd bIoh{o'l.d 6dd.: vidrfd66 on the slop6 {<l clunrs of p.phE

Thse G rha J ffindodl sdl@iql rldTo ihd m:y b. jdd.d ih._r@;r imEloldir or MamicEdd srE dN borhqd6 ;f rh. Dru r Shchi, Nilri :n_d d!nofrhd vtlLF ol?ula. Th! frrdd w:rk-itu .ld! n\._Rm0 Frd d !e phd th.n;er hi tu *crio6 thmoEh ih. sdB inrdftl DhG r.r,rinq caDb;ed p@ru, b-(ludim o. in th. s[:Dc of r 6sG t lnDdtfiinhl Mtti 1 cid or Eftsry bnRbretn:16 th. co.tinuiiy df rl'. srhbio, No vil-bre i siMEd dircdv oc iL br lh. eGE!;il crd. fFm kvr.trinre6 m dried-mbit tor $Im.! @itu- 6d ih. v'Il@ dritLrheir nJkind;r rt;r n.h. Fin.lfy,, smuslic ol th. tila. ldd of Zadrim ii inclnd.dtn the so{rll.d DdmtGMond.gdn Nm-

l^'mFqD''@P@E{?,

t

J

I,

ouiiiht. lintud. ed fFcll, .fudios efth ft. m .@.oo ! M:ru . hLTrK di-wtd f,m c\. inhrs b€s*n L& s!a@i eid.d bft.o L;sb!. {d lold;d. Th;r 2d{thcAdd4ic l@ ft @D dk lf. i, srnr., ;;;

Th.e 6 !e mrGtdd mqhly b dr (!l1l.mca bd;d cib,t *F.du i, iftolF

F@ !h. hbd qho !y.d in erFntim drn4 w.( nuchdlE doe r clor rLbod5llp b.@ s.oloqv shotu, r6s c b(6 Nd,i,t,

"-;;h;md phF4E i qSBe4lf w. Esdi:t 6i o.n IIm srpdiii. krriorylhon G, $hol!.3@ ogd d.!, inoridg dibd |6liftG, e. bur v.ry 16 of tle depriojr.Il hn n.a rh.sFtudoft{cuEtr. 'li,nu of

'80 ro leo endr.rn rmr whon

lh. Ch@ K .\d nrfr c fomd nmssoIL AND PHySIQUE lN jtAISlA

' iho, 116; sikirs 6@ & tu rtaci

CHfCNAT .rcl[ivcty nnh ofirr-Ddn, A Ly 6 rDo.' rhl Llhrck a.r or norr.m vrd.

*pr6_'or eh or Lhe r Djo( .@ rnd *h.r , o,r s! pL sqls rha . dU d-tne IE.r roErg dng. i, lre r'm t?6 rc ct e. hrv b. foua

_-rJ4 indi, iduds. To dk drd *frid ot Z$ FM i srinicd lEndDodl rh. md alinetur. +r md s b. aith.d o.iy in r[. divijjod vidu r uib. i3 th* q hich Dti;su hdbr egrm or Mni ;s tn. Mplq Djbh iffo !@.ddn. rd .&m saiffi;ldrr. tubdal]y imdequ(, L bht.2ri]. TlE.lidm,e be{n rhan.,6 Lo7.i, j.490.6 ror usr o hbd ,mpr6 in t? p€nid. rim6 k. t. dda b i6r injs for ih. bcibi_mffi.nE e gied h g6.EI rh.y G irl or, E Gic drr(de I set(Ed rh. ooep.d se p tu lhom by dibll dbEib4ir .heE in vhich Dibn i, Dd ditu6v.,dd 6 @id Eps GmuF r. wtrd khr hroM .y. coor, rd so&d d. sbv. dtd h d 5. orrrns Ir conp0rno6 snFl6rorji outoflsn.n*hc.vBqftId r)_cheh- n. 6nd 6r @r of : pNble of dn h!r, 7. oi ,9 Fr .dL vr,'r tom,!u us.nclgrbcrnL d 16 p.! c6t,73, erDdtim Mibry,6d 3.d jt F6qor 16 p.r c.or tr moE tIM 6.00 ri! 6 F..; tron dl. .en Neidd rh. ffi oif ,.lM-14, oi 3 !d mq olv 3.00 @ p.., dd q iidr nor dr 16 ot lem roocch ij6.M I p{ 6L ds 10.00 rim6 p.e the o.s rrequ'.i4 r, .!n d#d, ;blcb i! q-

c..d aibd Einii sffi. Dibr t solt r uiq sU *peFn.q b.eue d. ss c sFtirut mG i!- Imi l; ..iohl,cli!. LhD sibglc rib6 siMnd villio rhm Atthough-fn€[deiion o rhl si6 ie h-Th.y f,I b.r(n 16. Eibo ud rh. Ml erofibbl;b.sli. of tft tudbs or th. sub*n6 in edirhiliry, 6 indsrd @ bb.. 7l br ;rDts, orc r:nDL mv llloe whr Ljnd oIv:lb oL, E1c6 ol th. g@logisl cs di- d J'i ; sFc. wlim rh. locrr mctrrE d b€dolbdy cdeic r ntrh5{ of mal ber r,6ri!6Rd, Itr Ddssu 6 n(d artjd,.ochv6, s Svi@hnd did duia rie hr muMf *@Dq wnh-d$ olM l:eiro..@bty, to 6Jd lo*g v:lul ror

'_o. sould s rh. rut. lr;kn rh. @rh oJ SMr ;j

bre. b lhrdy rhe td.tx, dd rir viI4E D shsbr Llow{d, mni ol rh. shsls nmth.4 on. b) oE ou lmlple i, nor ls4t nrn]| shrh q dDq qh; cotr lu th. !d-mougb ror srh rnEmo6tior. itid of da, onr.l"Ed j, the nd. [n. to th.

Th. vrt!ry of rh. dpidon oI th. bEl l{l ol DtrLasin Io S[dlx,te to.:j .nd@rvsi.s ilb giologiel *r i5 F6 cL,rly i:[B pLo;but moc r$etr. shrla b r;p;lboM by rh. 68ffi d th. Lhrd pd oI bbL orly ln de tr<on., shdlhi jD !h. lotitG,r, ia wtuch lnr uM .M oI dr (moe |E. sht. nnihd morftd eme froDtrmr s8n.nB oI 6ib6 ldlfg io alh goliJg S!o.\i&F 4,046M.b rller ($. bbl. )r,icrl mr hffi bmf lnEd 6E(h.i In (ta ld @) t[d Sh:]. nm vh@ norhrd €r@ bE ah.. th. h?d al th1 kEn', ,t t lool, sid rl]n difeHa i! r.r dro i6 F.diuidul *ib4 dME lr6.'.hathdkth? Ar 6. 9f. rin. Sh.ti dd vill] Sh6,hidhdia$ aJ th.n e.,l @, ad rr.,

'., ooth6 r ,.37 enrim.tcr elld ti! th.if

'dtL tb$, ratl n M M. .lo$1, t d oNirr thc Sh6hi mm virh S[rh nori6,

tr.t do.oh otha. {d tlli! coF to 2,33 tim p.a

Tll. o@Dlc !vi4 i' th. Dordrm lio@,E xi n;t oDlv_Exd thd th. othc6. burrto widq s@i.4 brordd shold.E4 .!d5rms TIte a i. gm*l biEgd dm@_rcbd Th. inhlbi@E of th. id@rui@ :DDroth drfl b boild, et'iL dt s_

F;'dE aivcn.6 N s'n sU om, but Psde

uldv in tld rrm 4d l.F, dd th. d]5ch-forriE th! ihxd oI tha loL wh.6* dnd it is of rv .o@uq i\. le'm.dlivc od ti. bdid ol fi;Lldirl c@EY.

The inn.bid6 of th. 4krn @ t I cl6.b tic mrn of rh. 6d sdid in dt.

'r).&6ftnb .nd do.Biffi o! $. bodlt but di*rg.

21: AMI@@T'C MNs ND GEom@ AM'

(4r) c], (ro

orJ (4) Otr) (2N)

os)

tui t $r,+i7 zd n I'rr

.Tlncdftqimftdlrs!ofP!b'aiqbodiftn.t.bty's!sn@rl@dFGofetih.'

11

TI

from ,I tf,. otltrG in th! ffi..6 of ih.had rnd tc The p.opL u., tup!.d bt[. ori.rs, l@bly ntlw had.4 ffiow

lrad tffi assl r4 I t fouow rh. rm dn,Eibfim shom by ft dibs. The ok re

'lff.nt thn dG nd ra n .i rfiltmdv

k hBd hdgfiL H.d Ld€rl! hoftitr, ,hdithe gErBr Ei.rid of my clmctd ecord.d, comDudnE 1 eDhji. nodd! fl6the n.a' q_. 6nJ tll. clctr€d rb ,gD!F,lin.fu. rnd fold.4 virh lt3.m dd

rsl€ai!€ly, ud 6t*h,sdpaec nd .M uiib rtJ.6t, rJe?r,ud rtdrlr biq hed. dd n.diw b mIhads. Th. si; of thc n 14 sirhin r midEjsl Smp of truq sc wjr! t]]! volMr orrh. body.! L , *ri6 llt on ehc thadimr6ioc of th. had r $bid 6 lEim:dd of qudiotuble dsic [Bd si;n rnor ddul ;rHid Id rhi p@G. of thnchip6 r[r its l4Fffi, lr iLciy *tsDto th. MoonEir Ghegr im 2 Er*di;!.on. r,Er. .j. orhd n di@ o s.rl

Thie:nthe dun drc individml brden.oE md indica, G ri. nc qdriE diffc@. E foud bn..n @io;il ffin6of rfie to'EI nri6. Th. D.oDl. in rh. I;smls! @w e bk ;6i,lc dd th.n EE-md ir the ioonEy

_eiEi t[. sil i! h m

r ftdl.v oI foL&d o@06 & n.dlv c bis.Th. o;Dt liviro h di! Irrd of $trridft didnbbio r; nElinin{. 6 i, thr 3in{ trDL6f Sysch.dwdLE, To the es! in n\. srLyof tte Shct Drin md up bb rhe ?Ii'g eFotr rhc B@h r. of iafutudie sM. brnith Eh;Rt los, ffiow h.{& dd 116,

h .ddiri@ E th. drE ollsc4 Fnis@e Ddc ror ! numhs nr ;hsl!En* ehiahDisft h:F ro ilo vlth z.ndrl Fbsiciq.Thi5 rEoft vidd.d nGfiitrp dn th. EidldiDgs hivc'nd ala.dy &v-..j.d. No di6Etu. M fdnd b.sen lls in dE NDd-non of c@rc !epuL., vhicl &m b tur.noE b do vidr rs. th.o witl trloftim,IiD.ny, 6. cih ol al e6 w.. str b b.aqBly dioB. .qurl id fr.W.ncy of ewlion.

PFJVILEGE AND NA:IIITIONin ruy @uri6 aood dd dhd b6.6c

m u.qlirlty ditutuEd, md in gne of thenloPlnuc'Edd.:L+B+Hr

n.nb.6 or th. Eivil€q.d dss e btl.r$m th.ir l6jr;nd dlinw ci#cni In

'icmtuEin5 of lh. Ghq m s@wod clsqsb rrin. Nmrhatd in sch rib. i f.wnm hold hieh( oolric,l ianlt b\en dc dh.tsmd . IEl.atr i@. i, trrnfi n:y b. d*.ovcd. w.rlth rnd Doqq llarltv !o bEri[d. Usios i[. d:d ai*E$.d iD ihr;d t,oi "Poliric Dd Fzudrei D:k r0 I tuv.*sEgrRd 66 o6Ghold;! :i i;om tn6mo.hibry, rd 4r flm s.rpdlc Th. Lrdgrcup i4lud€d dr @rA. of Prire JonM{}riotr (6e. r0. a,. rtu bbil cbEf of MndD.Irrdi l;d d; rh. be rh" r-d r,"d

-odo. As EbL 2? !ho@ rhG mde no r.,l

Ttu 22r cbry aD $^nrqOllm-HD*,

di6*ne ir e@ In rh. $dnEis . chidaE & r big Ehl., Mound.d by hi5 @ii6,bur uy viribr is fn. @ ioin * n\. h@bbj.bed. TIE ode holddi Dmb.blv s.i norcnEr !54 dr. Dffi D.r;lL btri ivddn@oM6 dq

'rcdrcLi biqd.,nd l€s;6

E€ryd. ere; d€llG rx hi r@d rdn dE

mNctuslo]VAlihdBh ihe g.ologicd mp oo vhicb th;

ii *N to h.v. hd uuE mdeh fo! dEpl6mr D@o5c Th. mi..sls ot tiis @imihch ii

"li"* -"body siz dd robEticiry ol ih. inlnbim sDoD'lj.rio6, rnd sirh ndnirE llrc whi.h ini!i,aicul,r sdy n@15, oihir rhD r pirny

fola vhich vi! b. disNd l,td- wl*nin.nl!, jf rny, u! irvoF.d io th6c !iz.wi,tic, h.w ih.y e sinilrftd, if ih.yr., bd bov ih.y r6.ct grced, if rh9 do,* NbLns bsdd rhr sDe or thn Fqrd lE rntfiocs ;mp.kne. )r this ticBoninb it. NEitioul 6.ld hs ry vrhe it iidln th. hct ibt orhd .rTldboG of ngiorlsiz. difi€ItlG kE bmn clininr&d,

CRADLlNGTHE EY IDENCE ACCU MTJLAT ES

T \i'ROIE 14 l9rei fitr hs btd ntrchldnsdon oFd rh. r$ied of orciorbltubitrg, bodii. Atbam aid in Arh M;ortrh{. c No d.6niE schmh or. whi.fi bFli.v6 dat ir i mtu l Dd ilcj.lly dd.mined,!h. on\.! n\lr n i! 1f.m df afriFci{l derom&don erd bv edlirq. Mv ow diciodli6b.Netr th* No dA.n;: oa'iMl nrh,iry i Mlhout doubt r Dh.nom@; ed.Edwith rhe .nrn. n chaidl onnh on or !n.mnim in ih. Djn{ic ncq Dd cal.chuyvirh thc positio of rhe fonmen n€nm r;rl. nd oI nbt N'L in nd nc* 16 $ch.

'4. rie si. rin!, th. s. of tlE Albmidcr.dlq in vhicn ih. shodds ffi boud butih. had is ro! nry in sm. ills@6 bahcNsd n iftaidetid of this drf ia,sincc il'. han& oI 3on. livins Albdim rcuqu6tiomhly dcfom.d, Fov.vE, si!c.cEdi4 Mti(6 rE @,orlllv uifom inrbdii ih. smsDphi.ridird5utio or rh6chmtu ir *houv mci'l in Fmm.,!

I.Ilo pFmi!.d D: r@bor. A ddil€dftdy ofins quNid dil be Dublished in ih.rorhd! "Tli ?hB'cnNorn\m ArbDj4 in Drc,riomr'ode? rhrpG.rt nonoghph. snia th.. .vjd.ne hdb.dccm'j,tiEihould b. chdled; "nGt infuB." aarlEwine foud iha Iihan* chndn bm nBrcolilF +ow nEh ls 8:Mid dM ih.ifpaftn4 ud 2 H,rurd qnduE sird.n6 Mr.Drod d€ Hripe dd fitr wnif bqhtAwo&i4 Md.i mv &.ctiotr found rh.-slmrhj,s r;ona TGE in eRrtu Btrlnl

L dr co6e of ih. t]la$. nmhDh dei.cs of .vid.ne hlG roffd ni ,irhdionax6. r..hpkr r0, oilftr MoonbinGh.g lh.nor}?q on p:9. 6:, rnd EbL +.pe sw ihr rhc ai@ Dtjo! fd hcd lcn.rh,had bkdrh. nd dE crDhllic ndc,1e-dt.nomuy hisb horh s : bdl dd rjthnruib6, rnd thi! +!1i6 6p*irny to rlE c+h-

rlic inds. In th.5ift ch,prd, on l@ 6J.n rpp.r.d thll the u'br Iitu dd(-mGtoE €$h orhd dd from ill. bbl n.m inthB. I chntu, rnd u tfie brc:dth-h.ipbrmd.4 rtu ir uy orh{ critr. rrc$r for in.gc body diMtu, ot rhich vd hsre ,t-Edy cnuijv.ly d6s.d jn cha@ t]_ on"$n.'

ln lhe @. ch:pi.! on p:F 66, M foudrr'r ih. sib6 didd fsni acl oihs nnrmhbry :nd + 66nriy in 7 obdemron ofth. (hid qutq aDrc rltv h bnhhmhdvo.cigd.fm.niig_ md r',nbdoid n,E:tri,w. runs e! tur dc rftsdd6 of dcg@ or 8ra.n;g sff.d ih. fom of Inorm{ @. qliE i.dcmd.nr o! tlle i$_s' cfugory. tr drft.nins uR mhI:l deeodd *Fq _ft b de.d +, + b *ed

In chlper rr,;n "Age" p,g. r, h qsFdd tut s. i..d l.nqrn fdh to followd. Dmd or @€.ed :!i chro6. bft rhnth. h*d bftaddr 1cI6

_otrr :!d-in wnh &

doing dolble dory, ttr ch'fis jr, on soii."Fcgt 30, hdd fm w$hoq, d . e.n!r,lv'y, b folow iE oM c.ohDhisl-6Brlithoor ngrd b m. eit-_Fi d;si6 which50 hry nrt tonrjd ot ehFjque r lheriz6 of rh. body s , vhok id !f the had.

Any d. of dK Rd ljeh6 te5hnrs L\rdchdr. ch.p6 uourd h:k 5en soud 6 w;6 rh{t tr(dxrC L pdlid :bdr-had fm

in no rBnft of ihis tudy hlihc dniriquk b.hrrd a on. €qffi i. r nom,l ooFulrtion, "Nom,l i thi! *ft. r.f.E b d.Drg. 5di5 tudi.d in rfi. prq ud d{ ofrhc. h*. b.d fom w;6 fbD. fdmod.n Ahuie It wil Dmb.btv b. shoun fi@ Eos d thn m,n; or thi Fool6 ord. qorld hn. hd& (oiDmbje tir diM ots. AlbinirB W. tnow ,tmdy rbr thi;h. of am.nis! L€bmewid Monr.n+gnds, 0d ir m pbb.blr be d.moNd.d fordhd Emrd iopd.tioB.

IEVLB'q' jee!J-} .Eht&hrdG@tql

Th! Ii@@ oI tlr.diiE snni@ of Midrt.folfrrim fix b.6 rbly co6ild by Dqsrl.r vho qu@ ff. Nb4dd iMcB inwiich itu.nrionrl noldi.E 15 ob6!r.n MisHsluck.onim drn fd M.ccd@4 {d bdr pr@ m rh. snljd fd Alb:nir in pnprla i k b hrd b &y how much ol dreenial defomldm in Alhmir i; inhnti@4dd bn mch rhe ucoMioE rcnnr of

7EE TECIINIQUE OF CA.IDUNGAlbd'n bothd, Itkc nonh.F i! othE

countid, e ofen fd.d viin a "b'hy{ifre'mblo, A wonz Pomn tuB io eo drln th. 6.ldr io w;lq d b d,. nd;ft forsh@oine sod rhe cdno! h.w h.r b.bv rlone.36id.n? sh. t b b. slE ror my k;grn oftin !h

'jM h.R ha brbv Mth bd o n6!

it. wll.d!lt.ismihenhranshc6ndatrordb imobiUzr h.r hmds bv ervids it il hdrffi. wrllile.rim 6 siimhg-d;c b Arbrnjr The 4 i@ of rh rdicd dmror i cEdle atr1ts tulotu di mdionn ddhttujc.l. ri. cndl. is . pd of Albsitcultu, iile th. h.ddnnd i6e lom-N oft|| r*rid srrbols of ttc ?divirie of nd,vmdl ud ahildro in lmilie Ou sdd-Iatl16 9E cdl.d. dd N emdf.$6vft sne 4d sd@6 no\ oibEft tu-

Alor n h6 bm Mh.4 bls4 .ndswddLd, thr hrhy n; Lid n! th. srdL, rhicnis lilcit virh $ft bldLE Arhnp owDiek6 hir hdd fim rhe tud TheE E 6.som Eidi@ on tl$ roidt, s b ns din{d IlN softthc p stu, One m his trtthc b.5y n bomd b illc cndl.-bord { tft.sf,onld!; dd

'lso l@d dM, Tiis la.p6

bim fl@ odim .bod rd iis shotrlddsydd E qn;ov. his b!.d tbos 6 mc[a i6n ffiirimvi ,IN. Altiotr!f, tlc hadis ndtrobnd, iu sid pditim_ ir !d is,q!*ly 6 ih. oeipiEl bm.

Th. chnd ridB miI troE rnd ddF in iinddL nd.I rhe iin. mriL h. s ;tm dtfor sd4 vhich is lrid b ry bN..n 6norilE rd . y.d, or dd ldsE Duingrhn Fniod ir is chug.d rnm Mddtig

cioth6 to aM Pnich ffiit fe6 novcnd6. 1ti.n tu drrc td s@drbe drM.*1 rhr noihd blc rhe ctnd ot lN ddrh.n b sE if it d sit uD: whd n; lhk bsit by i6.r on r bhld iet e sn€ turlq !h.My r.mov. ir lM nhc edL drogdf,d,

kI nc th{ 2 A@n govcm th.,$ ri Phid

m \it trp withoft ilUE do"w;'rnd d;pr.feEc; of dr De.dB_A ,E@ hrbBihrEfarq would $ *lad dL.r d_ljf. rhida "-Ek' hrhn dd r diFemc! b.ffi .v.r's dcdlidfund d ndndE mirht nulc rI'!hl dif.mc'beFRr no 6i6L d;Ming ddm ddd. @ Oft is .lso idDed b pm-te rn* r ,trms,'h'5rrs hdd woold silrd.flmdiod no; ihai if,e ot . "wrk'brbn prnicalarly if qel6 w.a : r.6.Ftim of NEiiid in r bmgly lrnd, s in nrnyDm of the Ghq nodbic wnm patrDIchoc n d..t d * 6nd n|lb d@h bmhid Ydi*io; in th. f@.e of fitu-

Tjimls to thc qffiity of Mi DoidiP.klfl of smdinq MsicftBtts. * h!v.1 scal. Dodrl ol sch . @dL o shdY 6ftrhrnd. Mr. ?.dd ws 6nshr rhl b.dc offfiu in Albdnir d r voDnc ru. rd hsnia. nuv !trch cEdl6. Afth_o@h h6 honE in sdihm Albmia mv Dioi€BDlLs rdh.m@ of Gt'.E cEdl6 rhoe€d ihoir io b.nuch i[. srm- Ahc cndL md. 6y Mr.P.t.'fi oBis6 slniirly of 2 bo.rdq 1hekbdrd d Fhjch thc bdy li6, dd I hdd-hdrd s[iddia dr top of hb h.td, OridbodnB fom d;. !ids, -A t@thotd. vhich ittfi. m pi.e ol ftod s d. fMr ffit d,ha b..o 0r cGRotsvi!. m Lt t[. brby,f.ct thMd! Il. 6uld. hove{ bDc.6id ir ;tt hi! fet ir [c Ei.d.-Th. cndl. d.DicEd in ns r1,,, dd tlE

n*cr nand ft* i din' dl ffi fd rh. Iud tod o", oa odr r b; n;dhd!n. 'ft. fooEboid is ls. 6ni shishl Tf is edL wDhdo6rrhed h Zrdrjru. Brd N.Pc:llrsriB rorhd cBdL fM

"ldi (G.bid

vod Puti)," *hich I Dr.lm. i! ln Md!i. .MadL (6g. Il, d). Ii lEd I h6db.,rd ud r

, d;,

oir."

ffi.d footbod4 lik! Mr. P.tuon!. lnIjabdlmd& work! 2 ,i. shov4 horh of the?.r's Ej.ry On. m from Scudi tns,li, ,), ttu orh.i bdoc.d b Vlt.bs in mu-:l

wc ;,: io ;:i. a d.bit€d 3fldv oI cEdldqp6 in rh. Ghq nouhi6, uibi by atbcsnn v hq. bv ulhee one vould oiob&blv6nd triirios bnb i. f.-

""d - ,,i.

-"*l'miqbr fmhs helD mhn loc:l di4dns inhej fdm. k ni:y ior .nmDk bt Do co-incid.na ih2 h. Z.drin. ddl. h6 n. h4d-bosrd, vhile rh. zddritu smplc is lish inrciFiDl od !€ry low in l:nbdoid firninire.It itmt incoieivrbte dr b:bv who h;.ueffi his cEdL and vh. hed lernd hbi.a llis f*r on th. foothodd nisht pu! hi5h.nl lgdd th. 6mdbo{d if thai v;E d.,sd qiv. hisdf hmbdoid fldnin!. On tlroth.i hsd, r d'rlng pitlor nigh; hr. 16.

Sddins od.6,& botn l{inds or rfi. sfchadi p@m.bly d,. .hird M dccilihuydrtun4 fiBr rhin, 4 h. ooew hB iHdtiLrbdoid frlbie iDRftd- ff dudnr thrEms or f,:ftinis $; ,mo0rh ud;? rh.psi.D! lnd th. ociip'ul bmr s@ inp.d.d.itrd nEsuts boic glo*d EsdEa, th.rnonijy c,lkd brthlrah:jv eould b. :dd.d,It ii 6ibl. rhii D eni. c6d brn\rcmh.lvnighr bt 6. only dffiibh rfrdif.ia dfcmdlirp, rhn . bne aould nine Bth.rth:d 6:ffi. Whd s bdly nd.dl! en.@.rin nbl m.t or thi*uhied: uin rhrt! ad. it mq Fmsn plrdy sraahiiv., sji<th* 9T6 of d.fdmdon rbo oc r dhads vhi.h hrr. nor bed cdL4 jn LufEqlmds .nd id 16 crbn. d.gEa

THE RELATIONSHE BET|IEEN TYPESOF DEFORINAT'oN

On 6M 7 4. tNhcid rnd D{enbcGor the !ino6 skson; or o..ioiEl nsrdi;e.lflbddd ilftoinL ud brn\ric.Dhrlv h:i.ben siv.n. r,bi: n ihos ho* ri* rDh.nommr r r.hftd. Ias thr 1 rAird(3r.40%) oI the n n hed !nnr@.d hadr,,nd 17 F! Mt ds jrcl{.d b*hftcpn.ly.

9'6'Eb.

Tfidc 27 pd cdr wce $doubrcdlv chdt.d[G rlr .ji:h6, psh,Ds rhs wa ,t@"hrbi6 sd r.l6id dly! Dirh.F rh.v h;dsord puow thfih. i,th;u, Wh4 i$.dthis difffic. in .rch cd. w. do ndt Lnry

Of th. sc6n& of thc nd vio ftosintrh6. vho haE on. I{ind of ndnirg stdonh,v. n!1. otnd, Th. foulold E6[ ri rhebofton or eble 2, yidds r codcilni of dccirtion oJ - .69, which is tunrly @rh..rTr.63 nd, or6pd @t or tFi56i;, rho

: -

i -

Fc7'GPhdcnddhqqEg'

hN. lrot$ frn to rrch thr +++ sesbry

Brhtr phrly s clos.ly linled to hmbdodi!:cM& rc rh; .rftnr of: + ia o.,6.in or6ocirtio'\ .o dc.t thlr in th? d ol rhisdrpts p. c:4 ror peic,l p@oss, isnoEji W. cm doid io do ,o. hdwfti-onry

,rt/

/t'/;/

/

,l

a=!:!e i Aftiodcorb!,

l ! ! ! ! r :

:6d eNiddia ih. a9 nd vho lud tntrc.blnv wi$od ov €1@ rt.ll Tf,*4e;e; h&v. : n.r'ephdic naiY or 32 at a,rt. ..dY th. iffi .. thc tobl of t36 nmwho hrd'no &tuiq, t2,97 r .lJ. h &mfuuy jsrfi'6le b coisidd ti.m in t[. l.G

@, TIE *idmc! of brodld is imhd.dhft nddv o slov ihar midu .tdn- rdrmilv @iili'e habiu c0 b.,hoa; s eovmd. D;6.ne ; lehc. of [he 2 tw A 6t-u;F Udes w. Le. it aii.cli b clrqih..dr.ory of dE \Eong" chnd ** n4.

1

Tee 2l: TtrB oD Fhlme

Na%

odiDd oiy,,,.,..,. . d nr6rs6d dv. . , , , . , . , . @ td

THE EVIDENCE OF BROTHEP.SIn d dis it M DGibL b iddtiry ll

Bis of brotld rit i+ s of ,. Th.ir Fi-ii6 ir r6Dd b erdm. or.6sne ol tlE? ldnde ot .mi.I iaMing r sft(M d

ThL bb!. L diddlr to inalpEc l.r8!lt

mrll, In thc Fis of bFtll.q thft sc to6. a @ddci fd boih d mithq b hmf,rtu'ed sknlh F{dls of d!. tu of drFbds. h r[.5dof r, tL. .mI;& f @!b to EI unhi@ of coE.o@ aclftbs th. s. ;othcimy bc;ffi sho dirI.r, L th. trtE rieht oim* ol dr !bl. tfi.nmbd h ilidrh*a r.pr6.dt t[. tromb.s@dad in dh of rf,e acbsd il d! Frdpof t7 fsiliE w.e r end@ .mDk of dr.ehob &n6. tf w. cmbi'c "hmbdoid only''nd "dipibl ony' m *c th.t this b i[.

NataN0%

TeE2+ H. DFur:rffie AMdM!ffiN

v

c.iqii ' ody . .,.. r 11)Lrmidoid 6iv . . . . . . . . 3 (6)

i i , ^aa*3 ! aP

'J'NDEDNESS, ASf MMET RY, AN D

FLATTENINGrn sbk 4 w sv thr mr 3 n\ird of ou

idid h:d sym.Ek,l h.rdr; ih:r ji r hiqhEho, F,cid a?mm.ry, d rhe orhd hrtr,v5 negrisibL. \,vith

'n rbmrmn 2frost of

d:d1 ryrrm€ryj ,nd the indietion tfinruch ltnor:u otth. flrknii! niqh 50 b!,b ihslr lemwonh w ;baDbErf i .Pdibilty ttui rh* ? fetoG

'. airo.i:ad.

Ii^r, h@.vs, n mGr b..oLroed hov kjudgd q hich sid. the .ry'lmady E or. An@tuicrl 5hd h!l@ @ o'je nde or rh.oth{. Wb€n : rkuu btrlscd io rtr. LfL *.c.ucd n I.!r cdiil sF;etry. {nd in. i:oF16., When ii..hll

'A boin 6hn&icrl

,nd n:@d, the Dt:n. oI tuMis @dro r,f. oppsic sida kom rlrr ddistuidd

Tor?t: HrMNB.,Asyr}IrE, NFhnNrNc.

o=+ eT.bl! 2t 5hoM , d.6ni6 t ndh.y tor dm

viti occiDibl flft.inz to hrec miid gsm-m.dy 6 w.ll; ! lid.;oE d,r hdl o\. oaciDit y n.ftn.d ta& a .ho {lnmdietM;d .;id, hDbdoid drndiig m':y .r ruynoi h,v. (trjd .sym?Ey! io $.t g9th. socirtion i a ch,Jc oL This s.tr

logiel hdEh iI tuhing ir eus.d bycntug. A brby lying on hi bet mighritu o rm b on. !id., rd ir h! h.biturlvchos th€ sme sidc th.r iidc hilht be .i,p.cr.d to b.{ the bull( of rh. lLftini.u onrh. othd hrnd J rh. bp of hs hadvd.p*d .s:itur th. hadh;rd, qhich side h.tMcd b vodd mlc li6le diilerme

The my @ 6 thi $cord iha i, b e*dlthc oi no! occiDibl fl.EDiE did hrd.d-6 f soci&4. rll. fr.-qu."ci6 forhmddns m elq.n on hbL a. w. raildfo. h{ld.drc by Eirg *hich n.nd the nrnpur our o kk rh. dnmmd.i Dd il hc*med to h6ier, by dlid him b dNw rson.. A rotd 6Ni or 7;s mr lor krrhmdednN s.tu lEon:bli fd s counEywhn rlftd no on. is Ii&Ee. .nd yhd. di.dy ompmdi06 ,bour whjch h.nd to us.ti. in nL idd of aiir! :nd i6 trltin*. 6'nr

TlbL 2J .bo sh;^ rir hmd.dB iesocired Firh .mi.l ffiff ir sny c&,in rh. nm elD k mi occiDialy nait.n.d.i! re.hcd . Q of + .J3, but ininc; vho vcso &tb€d, it abinld dE D€rlY cmddssocinior of + ,39. wnft 6is dn! b in mn tht th. hr6i6 *ho @ dEh nmd.d ied. hd.'cy to tull oE m rh. idr b fe. th.i!nghr m4 rnd io lool witfi d.ir riAht .F,d, qhil. ih. brbiB sho $m hli hbitalhd 2 mdmcr b do d. opDdiE k qoddb. nuy r:ng. rf th* noftm.ns vollldiffi rh. slall or b. e.iEd with hcf,diMidr viihout hdeht of edL.

THE EOSTON EVIDENCEThe 6d &ind ol did.ncc, of eucq i5

dp.ri@ul. Atthdeh ir v{ ibrGjblc bdrrinst with rh. cid r luun;6 mm-m;nt of drcrry t[. Lini v. ned ws ion-dtrc.d uwihi'sly for B bv s emD oI se-.'d tlNmd T;k Shon]v b,_tfo'i Wdtdwd | , qhole viltec Kriudi DoUd oDtuk6 md mov.d to AnrnE. Mdi or rhairs.rl.d i. th! neishhortuod of 30tu. wherhq v4 rdrdbv o$rE frcm nul$dinc

"irrF fh. rntfoDol@icrr Dlobl;G m:

sd6i bv ihi! miptui6n h;v. wi h h. frlidd ! vlDl., lld rh-.n nvdtiFiio. rhdld vield

'uch pbir ii ws b &m; For tft. moindt

s sligbt bcgituiing h'y h ftd., ahid vin!.ft be Po+6 oI thc pledr E?.e

l ' b,y

oilyDll@ rh. sinF ol 1916-47, 2 snduE

srud€rc; th. tldJJ D.Ftudaof An_6rop.logy. d6riE busr progr.S Mdmor

inclldirs both Albd,n hom 0d Ardi4bm (6; 16), q.dhd ind Mcndl.d TkYn6ur.a r7 !d'nB of bod *rc pho hrdb(n bom in Albdi& 6d cndl.d, ,'d t0jndividBq rl$ of hot6 s.n bm in and-ic., ol vhd ody wdc 10 ysF old d

T:ble 26 !i€ tha 6du in n\. dqoildof Kidbl ;d I'rhdoid nrmins. o' i d.D.Fm bom io Albani. I{l.d rDy i.ind oftu@ns hc is Mr, Pdd Pd.Mn, *']lor.picM iry b.3m @ pl'E 14, 69, ,, of "Ttc

R'6 of EftD.." qrith a eph'irc indn of0r.r, h. jr ! liviE rg1lrut rlit ddlir8 tuy

ooducidE n.6inq: @os sth thn ind.rqho cEa d $idGd ;E dedi.sly In.

Ndlv tlEliownls had ociDibt tutu-iq, v[iL NGtftnds hrd ldhdoid G Rn.Oi the 46 I clnt w'd bot[. mnv h.d oGtr(nlmd (rr.ni@ ir ? Fdq *i'nktr by{ oarc, I}ft.-en lLM.d it $.h 3irDchAutnM'lry 6 deid. rbiEilyb;;d

'r'. z dE@ad. o|r dc bhnt Bit

m Dlrc h'd bm-di6.d t r +++, or irwild htE bd s.d,- Alnlooeh m si itif-r.ltG rpp.c i, pM. or;isrdE or i*Enirg. ili borh occlprhl rd ldbddd €itu-

| , i t \ |Bb2l

Trh 26: aEE

ill

inL thc nd shov.d nuch 'oE

ndl{.d dtq;; rhrn th. vond. lr wdld be had to6nd:nlahd. r noF nrft.md gr.uF Tn6!Tosks i. nu.n mon 8:M.d thm lh. Gh.ssof N sriq o'ny ih! dbe.n ol zadrih.rd M,l5ir o M:dh. apDro,ch rh.d. Th.T616 howmr, ctmcEiistic.lly h{. bothlubdoid rnd occiDiBl qp6 f one r'iiLmdg lh. Gh.F ; com6imtion or iht soL fti. Tn. TGIa {. rlo socbs. havid,hfiid M ihr ih. Gn.gi, rnd oor. fFou.ndv brld, Rlci.llv dry DD.tr to b.iriolry alpii.,

-h€is rhd ch+ tr no(

misly Disiq in thc d^nc *e' The ahiLcrd of rhe p.opl!, bm in An*-

ie dd ra&d in tnfma ii.rcdy the sd.fa$ion 6 othq .r0dlc'n chnd@ difdiM rhen w.n6 s\ dqht be .@:t ilou our ori hid lmr hmbdoid 6runins,whnc onlv ft olt of t hd the ocdpibrwi€w. 6 rh. iqn.nci6 of d€ek. or ddPiDl d;ftnirs r nsih. ddmduE pbgKdnn sm frm :b6.nr io e io + F ++, frdis s[* dc vdld dDcct fd rhc itcid.mof . ninciv cnu;E wt ii .cqdcdrbftuh the;R e.is

^ is rbsmci This

6 rh!-oppciE eo,_oon lrom dl6i k.n oongac Gh;; od L\. Alb:nir bdn Tdk. Ttud.o6 -of lrrbddd n.ftninc :lsa :sm. !io;orl dnEibldo( sih t[. Di'lt * n TwolnodLd n.l6 vith bnbdoid ir6ioC d$hd b*hroc.ph.lF Sn.ll6 rhtu *ri6 4 ir

Fidmiii;r borh tr.ti6 rpD.s ii .slychldhoo4-md prcbebly in idincy, mong+e Ad.ri.m-bom. h iem, nor m inmscwrh :ce. Lmbdoid fl!@a tr j6 6 fro,EDt;doru dr m(rdkd 6 :m@ thedndLd. bur;mdns rh. hitd ir ir m@h dGntrk.d, Fm ihrididoc. one .r onlv mn-dud. 6d Yhm it epp.m d 1 snrl r@ ofn'Rnir( onrv tr 6 Diobrblv Fn.tic, hur !h*vhm ;dlni! n ;dd.d rha m. incr..s.o..ipiEl f,arirns is roud mong mly 6 outor r0 of tht uar{Ied Ttet orth*dwftEacd to slishi of ih. dtd I, on with +qs,n rlE-old sin: th. odd 2 h{d ++Of rh6., o;t i5 s yobgs broth{ of Mr' P.RrPeEI!4 :Eed 24 Tn e d b. oo quddon

-kE- i his l*. Ile M nd mdl.d,

Th. odd t : lr rdd voru boF DMrin . In hq cd. ri. e iot I u OcciP-

id nia.nins is Drob$lv rls q.n.ric d tjms,q prcducd-by ;thd mvronri.nr,l inlMcor ;hi.i ve ;E nor i*L wh.d it od6vith rh. Iftou.ncv lnd b rhe d4..r shoMbv rht .Hill:d T;k, * my bartsomblysi. rh* the ccdlinq E l@Bibl. fd n.6!br not n.c6r'ly :[ of ir'Th. lcmn TGLDoDUlrm up.ni'lv n!.d5 r rhmuqh 5Fdv,ir'ljit thc oB ;.ooli vho Ld the cor;v r(;sihe ocd d; dn eith q :nd t.foF tltYosC p.oP,c & <tisFE.d.

TEE ANTHROPOWTRT OFFLATTENINA

R.mins o ou Chcq $ri6 e. nry su-q th..fic! or boih ri'dt of 6.idii'e onih; mior d;fttriod ol th. h.r4 $d on th.c.phrlic in&x, s slDn in hbL 27 and 6gu.7.'Co'ffi wft rho srLed for oolqmininm fohl bimm*ic, biqonirL roblr:a h.jghr olFr r; h.shc i6e h$bl

lh6( dFw oopl.c bl.J* dcPr btJgon:ac,

l]@i lni6 Mirl ullt forn h6 ndh;dgvhrd.r b do virh {y of thd .xcrpt thewidih oI rhe f'e arhd e.n..ie Y or m!cbmielv. Iuh.morc, the ftlui of $chffiirjk itrirtrr d 6c. h.khr ,od n6. h.isbrto.hrn@ with dDt of dre_@.oitlfi drebdtp.n-dmc€ ol ih* l,u riom th. ir,itr-f,ca of lgq om. the $N€ hlc€ .ntiftly

:rh. ditllsim ol ti. v{nr 3ot ih.Gllcout into , eqona; ihc. th* lE ffilyddiicrl witn qch orhd rnd th6. drt lPpMch or 16n sii3tidl signifdc. Itrfte.d Lnlth, ldr'rall:nd d, e tn sm.;in rh. btadrl'.ldrdad dd

'e a lt rL

hdqhq ,.oriel md ,,.* c a\.5rfti in rh!cfliklic indd :I r. ditr mi

ir i5 nkctioE o 0b6.ft th{ hmMoidn:Mim, d@,r; ic Dtsiti@ sdll es II'dl.3ho_tuini of the tad, ind titt th. nmwith b.th @6 of nrEni4 fouoq thdP'ih bnbd;ia only in thn_dimsin Inhr'dth, h@.u, ill. lflbdoid:l$ n,ft.n dfiads lollow rh. nnnrfrnnl vhil. thc n.nwith 6orh e*. th.ir b('dtn frm rheir occiFid nafrdi@. As one {ould dF€! ldbaoldn.ftning e_ni6 viA it th. lo;6t ldG for

hcrd heidt md FiPibl th. hkhd -Ih' mm

lkh dtr Iollow th. occipiol li4 phrk tnGqiih ,.nld d. b.$eo whrcvd

's 'n,n flrv hrve lnbdoid €aRiing Plt6bhL hdd fiom bonq shokn d b.v@d t ca_

imd.ac., if he hx diPid nrdning e s

tr dh'e l bord dd bsh md' Ai d'

Tnn hffi in f:c brcidtlc tfiolgn sig-nifr(:d. n nd ercrc Anoritd d.mdr

'n m

onDld i5 de rusl Dro6l., ahich s.fr toerd more conq €i ihe occiPut b'cdd;c8.@d.d. fi.lignifi(reor 66 ! rYndv be sd sc in thc rddy Pregrdson dpcEdtsgB of coNs in th. el'm i'PF

T^!G ?7, AMnoPoMdrY db FuTdm

* | rae\i. toi.

muld wq !h! qlu6 fo' th' aPhdi'ind.i fol6v : Pog6id rrcm

'atb'r @

,..irx,r dd i nnr. of 5 indd Poin6 LFrly, nx@ing n r viBl fictor b s' rurdP orDinniG.

ln rl. n.6 for rn. bizvgomrdc dum's'si@6d d'f.ffiG G d b'tffi d'_

dAd nA bath, ot.i,"A 'ntt

botb ttu natNrd ,rtr. Ldbdoid d,@in8 do6. ndbord.n rh. frc. bur ,PPlMd)r d'Fddos, Tb. dod whY ,,r, ddd

"4pfl'lonly is thit ,,t, hr highd nlc ror &gGof 6dipiDl tumnlng ti:n a..+dat dr'

ibrils d.ertc of oaipiiJ n*rcning rirn iirv ;Bd-d d lr miY b!

'dded rh{ tunY

rhs rmrrud sdvi!\ had I@ rnd nme of thm vne rodro h. cbt d. ldnbdoid n,ftdiis doa Dod_ia o th. frc.. ociPiDl fl8tujng mrYh;or cbout r 3[shi ffirl brddmng r coi_ncJon Mih tha srciRr brcrdojng-.t 6'D{kDl5. for $ tr sepntd rhe 14 or

'ftcn-;!.nr or th. im@i:l muelA, n nrt in 50doine. $s sprt:dth€ hooP 6derwhich th6'nsil6 pa; m th. nlndiburn (drla,whi.h n;rin coMnL Th. ins6' b I@

codqiry sodd En.d . 'hNiog

fory(L ln. F ?.iE fqD.n6 of occiDol bd LnlLio rfi. doio flradir! Lhr;dc

-,i;*t drii--*

eg,d b. or tbe cinium tho'gh rh( r8-d io h€d romi6qr.7, ja, ,ri wh.n $. u_orne ndr peg6 Fft.n.d indjyidiDl5 in e.ch Fbt 5d6 m

ephrrc qd:nq f'm .7e poirB tN.j in rf,. @r ofindd of !e.or. wirh

' modc or s individut5 Duligi;, b ,.os ;DioB tow.r in ttr. Th.

ft { , L cmpt... r.8ltmt o, rhis stltr Doyid6

TJB 23; TT'b[ CPR& ND IxDq MiN.

Tt. t .ddr lEls bom i! An.ris niv.cfh.lic itrdis of 74 7a, n, si,

'nd s& pin'j

r nd of 31; , out of J G s rmr h.'d.d sth. r* of rhc Anaih Dolulsrioi whiL dEodia ? .ppdime tftdnim and no& or

TNAAL DISTRIBU?:ION OF HEAD

Tlbl. 23 3hM d*ly rld it i, not ftr.ly

rd ib ediddior { dafroiq ,jft wBp6ible td lh. ditrffiG id eDhjtictu.ir, thm qhm .ll il,Med pso$ wc@ovcd d$ ribal n s s[odd t. idmdslTh.y r! mi, .rld w lnk ucovdd 2 &.1.pEbrht g.n!tic, difec. id h.rd fo;tugiog frd 1 frd of 34 ir the vd ro 3ld the d This .ccords Efccdv vidr inngioill didilutjd of f,ii.t n;lff.fr66vhich w hr. .lr.ady id,

';

rH[ MCLAL POSITION OF THE CtIf,C \4OIINIAIMETS

.raHls chlpF tred tor b. Iong li witlI @Bisr l;*lv of I red.rot of thc

prcbleD. . r.viN of dic aidbe, &nd r cd-

L lho Dohkn ir vba is r Ditdq mdhd do6'hc ed. b hc otrt Thc Gh€gn@@idff @ eL@d s $bis for thjsdEinmt b.c.@ dey sd.d b b. th. n6Dirdc Dsple i. tb. \idld, dd h@s. thry

'. ldid in r

'E id l td cflml!,

2. r1r. nomsis in shich th.y liE PFv.b he d 6. rfng., difiolt of ec.sE cm_

L Th. vdl of n\c Gh.e leF llir rndhil fflnt buv 4 nma lt-dil;za ,n ol d.rEilrbL:oil. i'd the lini of thc nub.. ofFoDk shom t d sPPd ha log siRbei Eched in !m .n rfi. acbni$6 m_olortd. Tn. f.w cEftu vho @n. doit o sorlq lik dt csdebliltt E. mo. .nTfir

^romEis of Gid6,lil,. th. I{lg $d3

or scndmd doort nd N@ r. inoodd Th. mmioin d choM hi5 bnde bY r

&'+honond sb vhjch, vin sdologi-euy do€flo,il biolo8uny keF t[. gsd

t. H; o;Itiol sffi pevidd loel tsmomv od-l..Ds FiteL h'oc F.nddg LeFod hmq bi\ ar, iI tbey lc., s lht dirta dl€d cmDllcly ont of thc nomEiG

6, RdaiN d'trddcG help block nurt grwfth ddd.6, N.ithq Cdh6li6 dor Msl6ein nsry Oithodoi EftPr in r I.w Egidjr sgEgr6 C"tholic d lvl$hs a w.u.

7. Thc hinotidl Diftt i3 '6oMbly

ckd,Ixc.F for dr l@lm&

'lodg dr cost rlr

dib'I re 1A Nhablv siDl:bitd! o( d.'rvsc Ein th. sisnd lilu or th. !N n .n_nim r.c Illyris no'd do* froD th.drht@ followins drc noutu, dd $Frled iL son ThIidN nrv b,ft mEEdrlff dr .& 4d 1f€e Gods snqslcd inodr couB ;rud tlr lorl of thcDru' NoE.l iddid6r o dl. baic llurir PoPui:iimbok DLc u61 th. I6iIr 6oJr, Ar tut mtbc f*lc ns.crd pholt dlltg6 dl rh. wt

fr@ D@o b Sc@i dd id rtu r.siddf Marlh . M{dh! rnd n\c r.fa €cM oIDlLjqL :ro mbe ri. DEly tuiukdFoeq6ti@ ilmlmE div.d Ism ih. ,.ndldn snicl rha -fd res of rh. Gh6llad cmtslsnic

3, TL. sn6 viich w h1re ftdild M.I of ib. rtb.s, nd ol ih. ,lirulr, dd nmtof dE viu6. lf,c.d for r ftw Eib6 wirhinshich rh-r.sio@l itisiburim n llrq ngiE ! tu co'.r:g. of rhl sthroF@cEy of

L I. dcfc ft Momdn Gh.g s 2 Dinicoi rh. clsic Me s @.cc4 but virh viilcEirrioc, TIG. 4 aonc.ecd in gtcbody liz rd sEsth .I. sik nd ebD. ofrh.'@nhl vrd!, di d : ls lml p..Tnr-iri6 scb 6 rn incidlne of bilrftsl.,l'iqb:rd.s od d6lEbr (]W6. The eF*-6t unilomjry ;fdnd in d$ bmdd! bdE@dios ol th. fuq dE dim6i6 .ndirdDholo* of tn mq hrir fom :nd dit-ribiti@-ind DiejrHktid. Th. cheswhi.h ft 6d'i-mifom r rIE oG ndlil.lv o b. e.n tielv c(mlhd, nd orihd; which ; d lArbh c thd whichthc .rieMdr 6 dl€ th? ms.

10. Mdy oa rid. I'er difie@d @ b.En&rivdv .linieed d .ruEd be th. @of cdni conbl!:

'sc, d.ier @diriod, ns

ddm rd rh..f.c6 of cdlinert. ir I.v orhs smoq a r Dulo@ thr

hiEb lell@ of bom hdr, ldM'iid &Et6ina 6ibE;l chi6, and bud shoddes,TN! DoinB b rh. DGme ol a Gocs .lrmd;och Ls .;d6t r t[. dihs Eibqdsl in l6d d.s.e in Malsi: . lM:dhasinnL;ly dr n.n ;f t{rs' qho nury o]dvirb di.n f.Iow Alhdis o. th. KcovoDldq ha* . f.w p..1ni[ii6 of th.i! orr!ididldY r knd.nd b 60r. hrldnq nGtlrk h.ir:dd .

"lishdy ddLd d,ia Thsc

c[mc6 wornd d&'dt.h b the P.oPlc

12. DsDiE rI thc 6ndob. u !d-vd.ndldt rimi$ itr hBd rnd trc fln Tf,.ioplc to th. noth6 r 6@d.c hailcd,

bro.dd f*d. ,nd sh@ frc.d rhm th. D.GDL b rh. northdi tic to tte south !i ini,.dcq Fihrpc ftGirionrl to rhl Lorldd(]h.^. rlM b mldd rhis ft not cLd. PdlBos-dE BMid biuqht in n\. br.dth, p(-h:;r m. mmdi of fu. rlxvrir DoD'npdo; of ihl d is rspo'inbh, whdFlr i!cm. f@ or howcv.r n qld. ir f@ icfriruiv vith th. ShuciD;rLine D€oDl6 @rtu nord,w ,.d rh! Tosk'r. rh.-iudi-

13. Tn rgioml difi*ncE vbicn hivcbd uovd.d id eit or ihe corEols Gpobrbly mcdy g€nillq nthough thir eMdb. fully Gr.d ulil b.@ du Erh'nd.Dlood couE soold hclD ilmflele.

1{ Th. irTic,l u@ic hls blm 3hoc d bb. Dtdv rh; Dr.dud of p. $d mfic. HiFEir I;e uir hrwklik.;or .otu 6 hn-NUrXy r mid{tl. rg.; bs bmd, occipiEuytuGned hsd ie l4.ly q\l rsdr or cndljnEHis Ld hodY i; b , l@e ddfth4 oI a nuwho hf ebit.d had ;d .dn ljdr..

lt. r ore vft ro choffi * rndm r0d7noly bon MoDnEia Oll.g bo'5 froo rlldibq rI of t[. !'m rEe ud * th. sd. tjhcdnlpd ihrm b Andi.1 f.td thrn oo th.f:i ol dr L!4 rn<l bdrP thm ue E lh. rmof vsrinv :nd Drovidadr -anaicm 4nBft Eftd xnd t6.n n.6@ th.m nfr rh.{. of 20. v. vould hrv. m eq!&d stltsD;ndic sdd lt vould b. aomtsBhb toi@Y oths id th. lihe of rfiFi.! d-thrcirology. I v.nw b prcdiir'rh,t th.

E6dLlgd

Sto 6ve Dd (d of rha. vo@ ndvonrd hxe ad. b mediun bro; t;n. ?0F c.rt blr.E Dd rJ pqenibl@d, ocludnqliAhr boq, Th. skii pould be fsir, mc oithe eyd vourd bc nix.d, wi6 rh. lkhu$id6 erdomi.rnL {d dJs rnd Dor lieh6,odd iosdt :hotrt r fdurin ol iht viioL.Sjyry e.r d! of rh. nffi m'nd hrv! rmiehtor slitihdy w:ry po6lc Io pd clm wo-Dldb. .onov.,:nd only r0 p( ctii conv*

Th€ hots vould nor b. dntirgdshrbl.f 'mordil4A@jl]4.K.EiomdDdd ftcq Ehd mshr rccosD. thm 6 dld.F.nr nd individually, b( 6 r Sroup,.nly by

+ Dds bahd thm n\. sdd!. Or Ddh:sthi bnchv_@hilv too sonld hde r v uDdntr:@b;a: rh.i k tunor alr

16 r wa.our rh. MlNhin Gh.B in$ch : r{hi@ wi!\ E.*.m Emp.fr-:ndAa!d*, ft find rfir ih.y would b. s-D,rrble b mrv lool ooDui.ros,n varcnGmuv rd Ausr'fbry m or rhe 5m.6sic sa..tic sd., dis.rnntd wid.ly inth. Imn &q f@ wbjch no* nontrd:nds6ts AioM D.ool6 m.

17. LI. m;t dn.i Euop.rD popubti@or s6d,iry Nordic d Mcdit.lmtr (orNordic ud M€didmem) chs@r, rh.yindd. &tbl. @s of pn-Nddic .d piM.dlEtuu sci'l fdtu, vhich n:j.smc of ihm bro.dd or tun! noE hlwibmscL4 ridd of herd end frc., blmdn6ed, rd h.ivie iN.d thm oin.E, In thr

@ed in rn. Donnvd. in Duk€ir. vith rlsd ncidm ir M:tir . M.dh.: W.E th.uid IM th.t Mflddetjon ld1g. douglcfteioml $hHia wonld Drcbrbly nrh discl;d. Ir *m n6 lilclr d.r inis ddm@@d virn th. BNie imiCEtim of rhrl6thc.ntury':ftholAh9m.ofnfryh'v.b*r Drsr in $iU dlid dnd

$. Gesrphy, ftchnology, sciology, hieory.:nd ohbi.rl mthrdlocv :n DIrv rb.n@is iJr d; ruororiod or iJG ;obr; t onrvhope t[I rht_,lNs t Elli x !mC. x r

REFEB,fNCES

ty

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l9''Md@ArhDiIreyfu'"ec'&.!,.ia MN, Yd.11w. +ts.

te3o N.*FFI h rbq abei& JdG '.

sppr, dt tutu{"h!, ad, 4 6, , w

sI 'h&nsfure!dG.! i !g.dAhfuAde4l.r,,,n. tet4n,

cq;q hd s*@ wsbg--19' 'c&4gh&bin'rmdd!$d@

ot 64'8 twitd Adbapdo&.e

'q?'PtfuPbdfuPology'NqYq&\91|'.tt|b6cril.N.awdA|aqfuda,

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6sEddjnrEsPrusfda.Injd

ls 'M. l 'dqDlq

Dlc ' I ,o lwrFiplohAb' i 'mD'{e@dod! l rq l tsdful fud1b&!.re a dt so&bst? Yd t @

dlhffiddnsioddl!ootcn.i.

RIFERENCESsldfu!@csP.fud!BlgF

dd'Nbd,i4io',| 'd'o' lP's'o

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l@&idWc]gjdqftq&fu6nu'dne6dqwndsbc!4fuPh'-d*esuie'th|bopdo'nd.Pe'fu

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Ele!Bd8q{Pdtd.vuf i ] t@P&bg'vfurfurlrJfuhb|opdryr,

l4.oi3P..' 'hd!Gdtrv,lgodldD!'Ahnb6 toeat .J PLt;d tuotdq!,u'd,'PP,al{'

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lq&o€ipidfut6lgAn,i4 ha.d al Pbtird M@t4t,nr, !.1. 4 PP, srs

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Dl'fuji*;.n5h|i&hc&ttrgcfuvdb

n6 ztuhtitt tb tudd&etb. vdb-r-di ElgtuE36ld n (a Flq?og r).

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t9J.E&F!l,$Ddl(9lFt l loPolt l@Edd

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t9'F4'DbPlih}to&kArchnnoghhM@.

$ ttih nr. rt t , @. rq 2@.

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