the mishnah and other rabbinic literature and the new...

O-MISHNAH.PDFCopyright © 2010, Ariel Ministries.

The Mishnah and Other Rabbinic Literature and The New Testament - OUTLINE, PAGE 1

I. DEFINITIONS

A. Mishnah

1. Root

2. Noun

3. TheSignificanceoftheTerm

4. TheSignificanceoftheWork

B. Matnita

1. TheTerm

2. Root

3. Significance

4. OtherForms

C. Tanna

D. Baraita

1. Meaning

2. Significance

E. Amora

THE MISHNAH AND OTHER RABBINIC LITERATUREAND THE NEW TESTAMENT

by Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum



F. Gemara

1. Root

a. Aramaic

b. Hebrew

2. TheTerm

3. TheTwoClassifications

G. Talmud

1. Root

2. Meaning

3. TheTerm

4. TheTwoTalmuds

H. Midrash

1. Root

2. TheTerm

I. Halachah

1. Root

2. Meaning

3. TheTerm

4. TheMeans

J. Haggadah or Aggadah

1. Meaning

2. Categories



3. Types

a. Exegetical

b. Dogmatic

c. Ethical

d. Historical

e. Mystical

f. Miscellaneous

4. TheTerm

K. ExampleofMidrash HalachahandMidrash Haggadah

1. Midrash Halachah

2. Midrash Haggadah

L. OtherRelevantWorkstotheMishnah

1. Tosephta

2. Mechilta

3. Siphra

4. Siphre

5. Midrash Rabbah

6. Midrash Tanchumah

7. Pesileta d’Rav Kahana

8. Midrash Tehillim

M.MishnaicTerms

1. Am Ha-Aretz

2. Beth Hamidrash



3. Demai

4. Erub(v)

5. Havdalah

6. Haver

7. Halitzah

8. Hallah

9. Herem

10. Ketubah

11. Korban

12. Maamad

13. Mesora

14. Min

15. Nega

16. Netin

17. Prosbul

18. Sha-atnez

19. Shittuf

20. Shmoneh Esreh



II. THE HISTORY OF THE MISHNAH

A. HistoricalAntecedentsandBasicHistory

1. HistoricalAntecedents

2. BasicHistory

B. EzratheScribe

C. TheGreatAssembly

1. The Sophrim

2. TheEraofAnonymousScribes

3. TheWorkoftheSophrim

4. TheChainofTradition

5. SimontheJust

6. TheViewofMaimonides

D. TheFiveZugot

1. TheEra


3. TheDivisionofResponsibility

4. TheResult

5. ThePairs

a. YoseBenYoezerandYoseBenYochanan

b. YehoshuaBenPerachyahandMattaiofArbel

c. YehudaBenTabaiandShimonBenShetach

d. ShemayahandAvtalyon



e. HillelandShammai

(1) TheHistory

(2) Hillel

(3) Shammai

E. TheTannaim

1. Hillel

2. Meaning

3. DescriptionofthePeriod


5. YochananBenZakkai

a. TheName

b. Dates

c. DiscipleofHillel

d. TheGalileanPeriod

e. TheJerusalemPeriod

f. TheFirstJewishRevolt

(1) Yochanan’sStand

(2) Yochanan’sEscape

(3) EvaluationsbyhisContemporaries

(4) ComparisonwithJewishBelievers

(5) WhyPharisaicJudaismSurvived

g. TheYavnehPeriod

(1) Yochanan’sSettlement



(2) TheRestructuringofJudaism

(3) TheAdvantagesofthePharisees

(4) PharisaicBasisforitsRighttoRule

(5) TheImportanceofYavneh

h. Retirement

i. Death

j. TheCauseoftheDestruction

k. TheCo-DevelopmentofRabbinicJudaismandtheMessianicMovement

(1) TheIssueofNormativeJudaism

(2) TheStoryofJesusandZaccheus/Zakkai

(3) MessianicPropaganda

6. RabbanGamalielII

7. RabbiEliezerBenHyrcanos

8. RabbiJoshuaBenHananiah

9. IshmaelBenElisha

10. AkibaBenJoseph

a. BackgroundandLearning

b. ContributiontoJewishStudies

c. TheBarCochbaRevolt

d. TheDisciplesofAkiba

(1) RabbiJudahBenIlai

(2) RabbiMeir

(3) RabbiSimeonBenYohai



(4) RabbiYosiBarHalafta

(5) RabbanSimeonBenGamalielII

11. TheGenerationsoftheTannaim

a. TheFirstGeneration

(1) TheSchoolsofShammaiandHillel

(2) AkabiaBenMahalalel

(3) RabbanGamalielI

(4) RabbiChaninah

(5) RabbiSimeonBenGamalielI

(6) RabbiYochananBenZakkai

(7) AdmonBenGaddai

(8) ChananBenAvishalom

(9) NachumtheMede

b. TheSecondGeneration

(1) RabbanGamalielII

(2) RabbiZadok

(3) RabbiDosaBenHarchinas

(4) RabbiEliezerBenYaakov

(5) RabbiEliezerBenHyrcanos

(6) RabbiJoshuaBenChananiah

(7) RabbiElazarBenAzariah

(8) RabbiJudahBenBatyra

(9) RabiNechuniaBenHakana



(10)NahumofGimzo

(11) ChaninahBenDosa

c. TheThirdGeneration

(1) RabbiTarphon

(2) RabbiIshmaelBenElisha

(3) RabbiAkibaBenJoseph

(4) RabbiYochananBenNuri

(5) RabbiYositheGalilean

(6) RabbiSimeonBenNanos

(7) RabbiJudahBenBaba

(8) RabbiYochananBenBroka

(9) RabbiElazarofModiin

(10)RabbiMathiaBenCharash

(11) SimeonBenZoma

(12) SimeonBenAzai

(13)Aquila

d. TheFourthGeneration

(1) RabbiMeir

(2) RabbiYehudahBarIlai

(3) RabbiYosiBenChalafta

(4) RabbiSimeonBenYochai

(5) RabbiElazarBenShammua

(6) RabbiYochananHasandlar



(7) RabbiElazarBenYaakov

(8) RabbiNechemyah

(9) RabbiJoshuaBenKorcha

(10)RabbiSimeonBenGamalielII

(11) AbbaShaul

(12)RabbiElazarBenZadok

(13)RabbiIshmaelBenRabbiYochananBenBroka

(14) TheDisciplesofRabbiIshmaelBenElisha

(a)RabbiJosiah

(b)RabbiJonathan

e. TheFifthGeneration

(1) RabbiNathantheBabylonian

(2) Symmachos

(3) RabbiJudahHanasi

(4) RabbiYosiBenJudah

(5) RabbiElazarBenSimeonBarYochai

(6) RabbiSimeonBenElazarBenShamua

f. TheSixthGeneration

(1) Plimo

(2) IseBenJudah

(3) RabbiElazarBenYosi

(4) RabbiIshmaelBarYosi

(5) RabbiJudahBenLachish



(6) RabbiChiyyaBarAbbaI

(7) RabbiAcha

(8) RabbiAbba

(9) RabbiYanaiI

10) RabbiJonathanI

12. TheTannaim(seepage47forfullsizechart)

13. HowtheMishnahBecameAuthoritative

a. TheProblemandtheIssue

b. TheSolution

c. TheMishnahandtheScriptures

The First Mishnah

The School of Hillel The School of Shammai

The Disciples of theThe School of Shammai

Rabban Gamliel the ElderHis son Shimon

Rabban Gamliel of Yavne

Rabban Yochanan ben Nuri

Rabbi Shimonben Gamliel

Usha

Rabbi YossiSepphoris

Rabbi MeirTiberias

Rabbi ShimonTekoah in the Galilee

Rabbi ElazarSouth, Tiberias

Rabbi YehudaUsha, Kfar Siknin

Rabbi Yehuda HanasiBeth She’arim - Sepphoris

Genealogical Chart of Compilers of the Mishnah and the Locations of their Schools

The Generation ofShammai and Hillel

(beginning of the 1st century)

The Generation ofthe Destruction of the Temple

(middle of the 1st century)

The Generation of Yavne(end of the 1st century)

The Generation of Betar(beginning of the 2nd century)

The Generation ofReligious Persecution(middle of the 2nd century)

The Generation ofRabbi Yehuda’s Patriarchate

(end of the 2nd century)

Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai

Rabbi Yehoshua Rabbi Eliezer

Rabbi AkivaB’nai B’rak

Rabbi Tarphon Rabbi Ilai

JERUSALEM

YAVNE LOD



F. The Amoraim

1. JudahHanasi

2. Meaning

3. DescriptionofthePeriod

4. SchoolsoftheAmoraim

a. Israel

b. Babylonia

5. JudahHanasi

a. BackgroundandLearning

b. TheCodificationoftheMishnah

c. TheDisciplesofJudahHanasi

d. TheOrthodoxView

6. TheGoalsoftheAmoraim

a. TheProblem

b. ThePrinciple

c. ThePurpose

d. TheGoals

7. The AmoraimasaResponsetoChristianity

8. TheIsraelAmoraim


(1) RabbiChaninahBarChamah

(2) RabbiYannai

(3) RabbiLeviBarKapparah



(4) RabbiChiyyaBarAbbaHa-Kohen

(5) RabbiYochananBarNappacha

(6) RabbiSimeonBenLakish

(7) RabbiHoshayahRabbah

(8) RabbiJoshuaBenLeviBenSissi

(9) RabbiYehudahNyssia

(10)RabbiYossiBarChaninah

(11) RabbiSimlaiofLydda

(12) TheWorkofRabbiChiyyaandOshaya


(1) RabbiAbahu

(2) RabbiYirmiyaBarAbba

(3) RabbiAmmi

(4) RabbiAssi

(5) RabbiZeira

(6) RabbiShmuelBarNachmen

(7) RabbiSimonBarAbba

(8) RabbiElazarBenPedat

(9) RabbiAbbaBarManal

(10)RabbiAchaBarYitzchak

(11) RabbiHumaRabba


(1) RabbiYonah



(2) RabbiYudan

(3) RabbiChiyyaBarAdda

(4) RabbiYehudahBenPazi

(5) RabbiJeremiah

(6) RabbiYossi

(7) RabbiYossiBarRabbiBun

(8) RabbiChaggai

(9) RabbiYaakovBarAcha


(1) RabbiManna

(2) RabbiPinchasBarChama

(3) RabbiChiyyaofSephoris

(4) RabbiTanchumaBarAbba

(5) RabbiMatanya

(6) RabbiShmuelBarRabbiYosiBarRabbiBun

(7) RabbiYaakovoftheSouth

(8) RabbiYehoshuaoftheSouth

(9) RabbiChilkiya

(10)RabbiAvdimiofSephoris

e. Chart:TheIsraelAmoraim

(1) Tyre

(a)RabbiIla

(b)RabbiYaacovBarIdi



(c)RabiChiyyaBarRav

(2) Akko-RabbiAbbaofAkko

(3) Haifa

(a)RabbiAvdimiofHaifa

(b)YitzchakBarNachman

(4) Safed-RabbiYanai

(5) Sepphoris

(a)RabbiChaninaBarChama

(b)RabbiYehudaN’ssia

(c)RabbiYossiBarChanina

(d)RabbiachaBarYitzchak

(e)RabbiHunaRabba

(f) RabbiYaacovBarAcha

(g)RabbiAvdimiofSepphoris

(h)RabbiMana

(i) RabbiChiyyaofSepphoris

(6) Tiberias

(a)RabbiChiyya

(b)RabbiYochanan

(c)RabbiShimonBenLakish

(d)RabbiYirmiyaBarAbba

(e)RabbiAbbaBarMamal

(f) RabbiElazarBenPedat



(g)RabbiYossi

(h)RabbiChaggai

(i) RabbiYona

(j) RabbiPinchasBarChama

(k)RabbiTanchumBarAbba

(7) Caesarea

(a)RabbiHoshaya

(b)RabbiAbbahu

(c)RabbiZeira

(d)RabbiYossiBarRabbiBun

(e)AvimiBarRabbiAbbahu

(f) RabbiYudan,fatherofRabbiMatanya

(g)RabbiMatanya

(h)RabbiShmuelBarRabbiYossiBarRabbiBun

(8) Lod

(a)RabbiLeviBarKappara

(b)RabbiYehoshuaBenLevi

(c)RabbiSimlai

(d)RabbiShmuelBarNachman

(e)RabbiSimon

(f) RabbiChiyyaBarAda

(g)RabbiYehudaBenPazi

(h)RabbiYaacovoftheSouth



(i) RabbiYehoshuaoftheSouth

(j) RabbiChilkiya

9. TheBabylonianAmoraim


(1) Abba

(2) MarSamuel

(3) RabbiAddaBarAhavah

(4) MarUkba

(5) RabbiKahana

(6) RabbaBarAvuha

(7) RabbiAssi

(8) RabbiHuna

(9) ChiyyaBarRav


(1) RabbiHuna

(2) RabbiJudahBarYechezkel

(3) RabbiNachmanBenYaakov

(4) RabbiMathai

(5) RabbiYirmiyaBarAbba

(6) RavChisda

(7) RabSheshet

(8) RabbaBarAbbaBarChanani

(9) UllaBenIshmael




(1) RabbiAbbaBarNahmani

(2) RabbiBarRabbiHuna

(3) RabbiYusefBarChiyya

(4) RabbaAchaBarYaakov

(5) RabbiChisda

(6) AbayeNachmani

(7) RabbiYosefBarChamma

(8) RabaBenYosefBenShama

(9) RabbiPapaBarChanan


(1) RabbiNahmaniBenKaylil

(2) RabbiAbbaBenRavChamma

(3) Abbaye

(4) RabbiNachmanBarYitzchak

(5) RabbiAchaBarRabbiIka

(6) RabbiDimiofNehardea

(7) RabbiZevidofNehardea

(8) RabbiYitzchakAvdimi

(9) RabbiMatha

(10)RavaBarUla

(11) RabbiIdiBarAvin

(12)RabbiKahenaBenTachilfa



e. TheFifthGeneration

(1) RabbiPappa

(2) RabbiBibiBarAbbaye

(3) RabbiNahmanBarIsaac

(4) RabbiZevid

(5) RabbiHunaBenRavJoshua

(6) RabbiHunaBarManoach

(7) RabbiShimiofNehardea

(8) RabbiAddaBarMatha

(9) RabbiAchaBarHuna

(10)RabbiMari

(11) RabbiSheshaBarRabbiIdi

(12)RabbiKahana

(13)RabbiMesharshiaBarPakod

f. TheSixthGeneration

(1) RabbiAshi

(2) Rabina

(3) MarBarRavAshi

(4) MarZutra

(5) Rafram

(6) AmemarBarMarYanka

(7) MarZutvaBarRabbiMari

(8) RabbiAchaBarRava



(9) RabbiTosfaah

(10)RabbiRachumi

(11) RabbiYossi

g. Chart:TheBabylonianAmoraim

(1) Sura(MataMechasia)

(a)Rabbi

(b)RabbiHuna

(c)ChiyyaBarRabbi

(d)RabbiYirmiyaBarAbba

(e)RabbaBarRabbiHuna

(f) RabbiMesharshia

(g)RabbiAshi

(h)Ravina

(i) RabbiAchaSonofRava

(j) MarBarRabbiAshi

(k)RabbaTosfaah

(l) RavinaBarHuna

(2) Nehardea

(a) Shmuel

(b)RabbiNachman

(c)RabbiDimiofNehardea

(d)RabbiZevidofNehardea

(e)RabbiShimiofNehardea



(f) Amemar

(3) Pumbeditha

(a)RabbiAdaBarAhava

(b)RabbiYehuda

(c)Rabba

(d)RabbiYosef

(e)Abbaye

(f) RabbiNachmanBarYitzchak

(g)RabbiBibiBarAbbaye

(h)RabbiZevid

(i) MarZutra

(j) Rafram

(k)RabbiRachumi

(l) RabbiYossi

(4) Paponia

(a)RabbiMatna

(b)RabbiAchaBarYaacov

(c)RabbiAchaSonofRabbiIka

(d)RabbiHunaBarManoach

(5) Kafri

(a)MarUkba

(b)RabbiChisda

(c)RabbiYitzchakAvdimi



(d)RabbiMatna

(e)RabbiAddaBarMatna

(6) Hutzal

(a)RabbiAssi

(b)RabbiKahana

(7) Shilhe

(a)RabbiSheshet

(b)RabbiAmram

(c)RavaBarUla

(8) Mehoza

(a)RabbaBarAvuha

(b)RabbiYosefBarChamma

(c)Rava

(d)RabbiAchaBarHuna

(e)RabbiMari

(f) RabbiZutraSonofRabbiMari

(9) Shechnatziv

(a)RabbiIdiBarAvin

(b)RabbiSheshaSonofRabbiIdi

(10) PumNahara-RabbiKahana

10. SummaryoftheEntireChainofTradition

11. TheTwoTalmuds

a. BasicsforBoth



b. TheJerusalemTalmud

c. TheBabylonianTalmud

d. FirstEditions

e. BasicContent

G. The Savoraim

1. Meaning

2. Contribution

3. Generations

H. The Geonim

I. The Rishonim

J. The Acharonim

K. ObservationsandConclusions

1. TheProduct

2. TheContext/SituationsoftheAuthors

3. TheRoleoftheRabbiandTheirConceptionofThemselves

4. TheRabbinicAttitudetoandTheologyoftheOralLaw

5. MosesMaimonides:Introduction to the Talmud



III. HERMENEUTICS-INTERPRETATION

A. Talmud

1. Peshat

2. Darash

a. Definition

b. Types

c. TheRabbinicTheologyoftheDrash

B. TheSevenMiddotofHillel

1. Kal Vachomer

2. Gezirah Shavah

3. Binyan Av Mikatuv Echad

4. Binyan Av Mishnei Ketuvim

5. Klal Uprat

6. Keyotzei Bo Mimakom Acher

7. Devar Halamed Meinyano

C. NahumofGimzo

1. TheMan

2. Riboui Vemiut

3. RabbiAkiba

D. RabbiIshmaelandHisThirteenRules

1. TheMan

2. TheRules

a. Kal Vachomer



b. Gezirah Shavah

c. Binyan Av

d. Klal Uprat

e. Prat Uklal

f. Klal Uprat Uklal

g. Klal Hatzarich Liprat Uprat Hatzarich Liklal

h. Davar Shehayah Bichlal Veyatza Min Haklal Lelamed

i. Davar Shehayah Bichlal Veyatza Min Haklal Liton Shehu Keinyano

j. Davar Shehayah Bichlal Veyatza Min Haklal Toan Acher Shelo Keinyano

k. Davar Shehayah Bichlal Veyatza Min Lidon Kadavar Hechadash

l. Davar Halamed Meinyano Vedavar Halamed Misopho

m. Shnei Ketuvim Hamachtishim Zeh Et Zeh

3. Acceptance

4. TheRoleoftheThirteenMiddotToday



IV. THESTRUCTUREANDCONTENTOFTHEMISHNAH

A. TheBasicStructure

1. The Sedarim

2. The Massechot

3. The Perakim

4. The Mishnayot

5. MishnaicHebrew

6. Designation

B. TheOrders

1. TheSixOrders

a. Zeraim

b. Moed

c. Nashim

d. Nezikim

e. Kodashim

f. Tohorot

2. TheInter-RelationshipoftheSixOrdersasaWhole

C. TheTractates

1. Seder Zeraim

a. Berachot

b. Peah

c. Demai

d. Kilayim



e. Sheviit

f. Trumot

g. Maaserot

h. Maaser Sheni

i. Challah

j. Orlah

k. Bikkurim

2. Seder Moed

a. Shabbat

b. Eruvin

c. Pesachim

d. Shekalim

e. Yoma

f. Sukkah

g. Betza

h. Rosh Hashanah

i. Taanit

j. Megillah

k. Moed Katan

l. Chagigah

3. Seder Nashim

a. Yavamot

b. Ketuvot



c. Nedarim

d. Nazir

e. Sota

f. Gittin

g. Kiddushin

4. Seder Netzikin

a. Baba Kamma

b. Baba Metzia

c. Baba Batra

d. Sanhedrin

e. Makkot

f. Shevuot

g. Eduyot

h. Avodah Zarah

i. Avot

j. Horayot

5. Seder Kodashim

a. Zevachim

b. Menachot

c. Chullin

d. Bechorot

e. Arachin

f. Temurah



g. Keritot

h. Meilah

i. Tamid

j. Middot

k. Kinnim

6. Seder Tohorot

a. Kelim

b. Ohalot

c. Negaim

d. Parah

e. Tohorot

f. Mikvaot

g. Niddah

h. Machshirin

i. Zavim

j. Tevul Yom

k. Yadayim

l. Uktzin

D. AdditionalTractates

1. Avot d’Rabbi Nathan

2. Soferim

3. Evel Rabbati

4. Kallah



5. Derech Eretz

6. Derech Eretz Zuta

7. Perek Hashalom

E. Mesichtot Ketanot-TheMinorTractates

1. Sepher Torah

2. Mezuzah

3. Tefilin

4. Tzitzit

5. Avadim

6. Kutim

7. Gerim

V. THEOLOGY,DOCTRINE,ANDTHEMES

A. Bibliology

1. Revelation

2. Torah

3. RevelationandtheDeathofaSage

B. TheologyProper

1. God

2. TheUniverse

3. The Shechinah

C. Angelology

1. General

2. TheArchangel



3. ThePrinces

4. Metatron

5. Sandalphon

6. TheSabbathAngels

D. Demonology

1. TheFall

2. Satan

3. Sammael

4. Demons

5. TheEvilEye

6. MagicandDivination

7. Dreams

8. Superstition

E. Anthropology

1. TheHumanBeing

2. Death

3. TheSoul

4. TheTwoInclinations

5. Sin

6. FreeWill

F. Israelology

G. Soteriology

1. Sacrifices



2. Ritualpurityandimpurity

3. RepentanceandAtonement

4. FaithandPrayer

5. RewardsandPunishment

6. NationalandIndividualSalvation

H. Eschatology

1. Messiah

a. B. Sanhedrin96b-99a

b. OtherReferences

c. Neusner’sSummary

d. BarCochba-TheFalseMessiah

2. TheResurrectionFromtheDead

3. TheWorldtoCome

4. TheLastJudgment

5. Geihinnom

6. Gan Eden

I. TheJewishIndividualLifestyle

1. Sabbath

2. DietaryLaws

a. Regional

b. Types

c. EssenceandApplicationoftheProhibition

d. Extensions



3. ThePhysicalLife

a. TheHumanBody

b. RulesforHealth

c. Diatetics

d. TreatmentofDisease

4. TheMoralLife

5. PrayersandBenedictions

a. FirstTemplePeriod

b. SecondTemplePeriod

c. Place

d. MajorThemesofRabbinicPrayer

e. The Shmoneh Esreh

f. TheShema

g. TheTenCommandments

h. PrayersConcerningtheMessianicKingdom

J. TheJewishSocialLife

1. SocialLife

2. CivilLaw

a. PlaceinRabbinicThought

b. Principles

c. Result:TheMonetaryLaws

d. DamagestoPropertyandTypesofInjury

e. Keren



f. Shen

g. Regel

h. Bar

i. Esh

j. Punishment

k. CivilCourts

l. Trial

m. Judge

n. Witnesses

3. CriminalLaw

a. JudicialCourts

b. LawsofEvidence

c. Punishment

4. Women

5. MarriageandDivorce

a. Betrothal

b. Marriage

c. Family

d. Divorce

e. Ketubah



VI. TRACTATE AVOT

A. TheNeed

B. ThePurpose

C. TheMessage

D. TheMeans

E. TheStructure

1. TheChain

2. Observations

F. TheTractate(seeAPPENDIXA:TRACTATEAVOT)



VII. TRACTATE SANHEDRIN

(seeAPPENDIXB:TRACTATESANHEDRIN)



VIII. NEWTESTAMENTCORRELATION

A. JesusandOtherNewTestamentPersonalitiesinRabbinicLiterature

1. BirthandParentageofJesus

2. MarytheMotherofJesus

3. JesusAllegedtobeaMamzer

4. CovertReferencetoJesus

5. TheAncestryoftheMotherofJesus

6. AllegedConfessionbytheMotherofJesus

7. JesusandHisTeacher

8. JesusaMagician

9. Jesus“BurnsHisFood”

10. TheClaimofJesusDenied

11. JesusandBalaam

12. JesusandBalaaminHell

13. TheAgeofBalaam(Jesus)

14. Balaam(Jesus)andtheNameofGod

15. TheChapterConcerningBalaam

16. TheTrialofJesus

17. TheExecutionofJesus

18. TheDisciplesofJesus

19. Summary:JesusintheTalmudandMidrash



B. The MinimandMinutinRabbinicLiterature

1. DescriptionsandDefinitionsofMinimandMinut

a. Gehazi

b. BenDameandJacobofSichnin

c. TheGrandsonofRabbiYehoshuaBenLeviandaMinDoctor

d. RabbiAbahuandJacobtheMin

e. AContestofMiracles

f. MiraclesbyJewsandMinim

g. TheFateoftheMinimHereafter

h. TheFormulaAgainstMinim

i. RabbiEliezerArrestedforMinut

j. BooksoftheMinim

(1) ImmaShalomandaMin Judge

(2) HowtheBooksoftheMinimaretobeTreated

(3) BookoftheLawWrittenbyMinim

(4) ReligiousItemsMadebyMinim

(5) TheBooksoftheMinimDoNotDefiletheHands

(6) BooksoftheBe AbidenandBe Nitzraphi

k. TheNazareneDay

l. GentileandMin

m. TheJewishOriginoftheMinim

n. HaggadahagainstMinut

o. MinimandCircumcision



p. ThePrincipleofMinut:TheHouseofStraw

q. ScripturalIndicationsofMinut

r. SignsofMinut:LitergicalVariations

s. SignsofMinut:LiturgicalOmission

t. TheKingdomTurnedtoMinut

u. RomePretendingtobetheTrueIsrael

2. PolemicalDiscussionswithMinim

a. TheMinimofCapernaumandRabbiHananyah,NephewofRabbiYehoshua

b. The MinimandRabbiYonathan

c. TheMinimandRabbiYehudahBenNaqosa

d. RabbiYehoshua,Caesar,andaMin

e. RabbiYehoshuaandaMin

f. RabbiYehoshua,RabbiGamaliel,RabbiElazarBenAzariah,

RabbiAkibaandaMin

g. RabbiGamalielandtheMinim:TheResurrectionoftheDead

h. RabbiGamalielandaMin:GodHasDepartedFromIsrael

i. BeruriaandaMin

j. Rabbi(YehudahHa-Kadosh)andaMin

k. RabbiIshmaelBenYoseandaMin

l. RabbiHanina,RabbiHoshaiaandaMin

m. RabbiHaninaandaMin:TheRejectionofIsrael

n. RabbiHaninaandaMin:TheLandofIsrael

o. RabbiYannai,RabbiYonathanandaMin



p. RabbiSimlaiandtheMinim

q. RabbiAbahu,RabbiSaphraandtheMinim

r. RabbiAbahuandtheEpiqurosin

s. RabbiAbahuandaMin:AnachronisminScripture

t. RabbiAbahuandaMin:TheSoulsoftheDeparted

u. RabbiAbahuandaMin:GodaJester;GodaPriest

v. RabbiAbahuandaMin:TheComingoftheMessiah

w. RabbiAbahuandaMin:Sason

x. RabbiAmiandaMin

y. GebihiaBenPesisaandaMin

z. RabbiTanhuma,CaesarandaMin

aa. RabbiIdiandaMin

bb. RabbiAbinaandaMin

3. PolemicalAllusionstotheMinim

a. ManCreatedSolitary

b. TheUnityofGod:TextsAppealedtobytheMinim

c. TheUnityofGod:AnOfferingtoYHVH

d. TheUnityofGod:TwoPowersinHeaven

e. TheUnityofGod:“HeWhoWillErr,LetHimErr”

f. TheUnityofGod:GodHasNoSon

g. TheUnityofGod:TheSonoftheHarlot

h. TheUnityofGod:TwoPowers-ASecondGod

i. TheTorch:TheCarpingoftheMinim



j. Immortality

4. MiscellaneousPassagesReferringtoMinimandMinut

a. TheGroundofDepartureoftheMinim

b. DoNotGivePlacetotheMinim

c. ACanonofMinut

d. AChancefortheMinim

e. FourClassesofMinim

f. WordsoftheMinim

g. “TheyThatHateMe”:TheMinim

h. AReplytotheMinim

i. The MinimandtheNewMoon

j. Minim:CasualReferences

k. ThePriesthoodofMelchizedek

5. Summary:TheMinimandMinut

a. TheWord

b. TheIdentification

c. ThePlaceoftheMiniminHistory

C. TheNewTestamentandRabbinics

1. John’sPrologue

2. TheGeneologies

3. TheAnnunciationoftheBirthofJohntheBaptisttoZechariah

4. TheBirthofJohn

5. TheAnnunciationoftheBirthofJesustoJoseph



6. TheBirthofJesus

7. TheCircumcisionofJesus

8. ThePresentation

9. TheFourWaystheNewTestamentQuotestheOldTestament

10. TheVisittoJerusalem

11. ThePreachingofJohnandtheStageofObservation

12. TheBaptismofJesus

13. TheTemptationofJesus

14. TheStageofInterrogation

15. TheBeliefbytheFirstDisciples

16. TheFirstMiracle

17. TheFirstPassoverandChrist’sPublicMinistry

18. JesusandNicodemus

19. TheFriendoftheBridegroom

20. JesusandtheSamaritanWoman

21. TheHealingoftheNobelman’sSon

22. TheRejectionofNazareth

23. ChristHealingDiseases

24. TheHealingofaJewishLeper

25. TheStageofObservation:TheAuthoritytoForgiveSins

26. TheCallofMatthewthePublican

27. TraditionandWineskins

28. HealingtheParalyticontheSabbath



29. TheSabbathandPickingGrain

30. TheSermonontheMount

31. TheResurrectionatNein

32. TheYokeoftheMessiah

33. TheAnnointingofChrist’sFeetattheHomeofaPhariseebyaSinner

34. TheCastingOutofaDumbDemon

35. TheParablesoftheKingdom

36. TheLegionofDemons

37. TheHealingofJairus’DaughterandtheWomanwiththeIssueofBlood

38. TheSendingoftheDisciples

39. TheFeedingoftheFiveThousand

40. WalkingontheWater

41. TheWashingofHands

42. TheConfessionofPeter

43. TheComingofElijah

44. TheEpilepticDemoniac

45. ChurchDiscipline

46. LessonsinDiscipleship

47. TheFeastofTabernacles

48. TheAdulterousWoman

49. TheLightoftheWorld

50. TheSinofthePharisees

51. HealingofaManBornBlind



52. TheMissionoftheSeventyDisciples

53. TheGoodSamaritan

54. TeachUstoPray

55. TheUnpardonableSin

56. ASabbathControversy

57. TheFeastofChannukah

58. TheQuestionofSalvation

59. TheSabbathMeal

60. Discipleship

61. God’sAttitudeConcerningSinners

62. TheUnrighteousSteward

63. TheResurrectionofLazarus

64. TheHealingoftheLepers

65. TheParablesofPrayer

66. TheQuestionofDivorce

67. TheRichYoungRuler

68. Zacchaeus

69. TheTriumphalEntry

70. TheCleansingoftheTemple

71. Messiah’sEvaluationofIsraelandHimself

72. TheStoneofStumbling

73. TributetoCeasar

74. TheQuestionofResurrection



75. TheGreatestCommandment

76. TheDenunciationoftheLeadershipofIsrael

77. TheWidow’sMite

78. TheOlivetDiscourse

79. TheConspiracytoKill

80. ThePromsietoBetray

81. ThePreparationfortheSeder

82. ThePassoverObservance

83. TheFirstCup

84. TheWashingofFeet

85. TheCeremonyofCarpas

86. TheBreakingoftheMiddleMatzo

87. The Sop

88. TheThirdCup

89. LessoninGreatness

90. ThePredictionofPeter’sDenial

91. TheConclusionoftheSeder

92. TheUpperRoomDiscourse

93. TheAgonyofGathsemane

94. TheArrest

95. TheTrialBeforeAnnas

96. TheTrialBeforeCaiphasandtheSanhedrin

97. TheDeathofJudas



98. TheFirstTrialBeforePilate

99. TheSecondTrialBeforePilate

100.TheMockery

101.TheProcessiontoCalvary

102.TheFirstThreeHoursontheCross

103.TheAccompanyingSigns

104.TheBurialofJesus

105.TheDawningofResurrectionDay

106.TheFirstAppearance:MaryMagdalene

107.TheSecondAppearance:TheOtherWomen

108.TheThirdAppearance:TheEmmausDisciples

109.TheFifthAppearance:TheTen



The

Firs

t Mis

hnah

The

Scho

ol o

f Hill

elTh

e Sc

hool

of S

ham

mai

The

Dis

cipl

es o

f the

The

Scho

ol o

f Sha

mm

aiRa

bban

Gam

liel t

he E

lder

His

son

Shi

mon

Rabb

an G

amlie

l of Y

avne

Rabb

an Y

ocha

nan

ben

Nur

i

Rabb

i Shi

mon

ben

Gam

liel

Ush

a

Rabb

i Yos

siS

epph

oris

Rabb

i Mei

rTi

beria

sRa

bbi S

him

onTe

koah

in th

e G

alile

eRa

bbi E

laza

rS

outh

, Tib

eria

sRa

bbi Y

ehud

aU

sha,

Kfa

r Sik

nin

Rabb

i Yeh

uda

Han

asi

Bet

h S

he’a

rim -

Sep

phor

is

Gen

ealo

gica

l Cha

rt o

f Com

pile

rs o

f the

Mis

hnah

and

the

Loca

tions

of t

heir

Sch

ools

The

Gen

erat

ion

ofSh

amm

ai a

nd H

illel

(beg

inni

ng o

f the

1st

cen

tury

)

The

Gen

erat

ion

ofth

e D

estr

uctio

n of

the

Tem

ple

(mid

dle

of th

e 1s

t cen

tury

)

The

Gen

erat

ion

of Y

avne

(end

of t

he 1

st c

entu

ry)

The

Gen

erat

ion

of B

etar

(beg

inni

ng o

f the

2nd

cen

tury

)

The

Gen

erat

ion

ofRe

ligio

us P

erse

cutio

n(m

iddl

e of

the

2nd

cent

ury)

The

Gen

erat

ion

ofRa

bbi Y

ehud

a’s

Patr

iarc

hate

(end

of t

he 2

nd c

entu

ry)

Rabb

an Y

ocha

nan

ben

Zakk

ai

Rabb

i Yeh

oshu

aRa

bbi E

lieze

r

Rabb

i Aki

vaB

’nai

B’ra

kRa

bbi T

arph

onRa

bbi I

lai

JER

USA

LEM

YAV

NE

LOD



APPENDIXA:TRACTATEAVOT

1:1 A. MosesreceivedTorahatSinaiandhandeditontoJoshua, Joshuatoelders,andelderstoprophets. I B. Andprophetshandeditontothemenofthegreatassembly. C. Theysaidthreethings: (1)“Beprudentinjudgment. (2)“Raiseupmanydisciples. (3)“MakeafencefortheTorah.” 1:2 II A. SimeontheRighteouswasoneofthelastsurvivorsofthegreatassembly. B. Hewouldsay:“Onthreethingsdoestheworldstand: (1)“OntheTorah” (2)“andontheTempleservice,” (3)“andondeedsoflovingkindness.” 1:3 III A. AntigonosofSokhoreceived[theTorah]fromSimeontheRighteous. B. Hewouldsay, (1)“Donotbelikeservantswhoservethemasteronconditionofreceivingareward, (2)“but[be]likeservantswhoservethemasternotonconditionofreceivinga reward.” (3)“AndletthefearofHeavenbeuponyou.” 1:4 I A. Yoseb.YoezerofSeredahandYoseb.YohananofJerusalemreceived[it] fromthem. B. Yoseb.Yoezersays, (1)“Letyourhousebeagatheringplaceforsages. (2)“Andwallowinthedustoftheirfeet.” (3)“Anddrinkintheirwordswithgusto.” 1:5 A. Yoseb.YohananofJerusalemsays, (1)“Letyourhousebewideopen.” (2)“Andseatthepooratyourtable[“make...membersofyourhousehold.”] (3)“Anddon’ttalktoomuchwithwomen.” B. (Hespokeofaman’swife,allthemoresoistheruletobeappliedtothewifeof one’sfellow.Inthisregarddidsagessay,“Solongasamantalkstoomuchwith awoman,(1)hebringstroubleonhimself,(2)wastestimebetterspenton studyingTorah,and(3)endsupanheirofGehenna.”)



1:6 II A. Joshuab.PerahiahandNittaitheArbelitereceived[it]fromthem. B. Joshuab.Perahiahsays, (1)“Setupamasterforyourself. (2)“Andgetyourselfafellowdisciple.” (3)“Andgiveeverybodythebenefitofthedoubt.” 1:7 A. NittaitheArbelitesays, (1)“Keepawayfromabadneighbor. (2)“Anddon’tgetinvolvedwithawickedman.” (3)“Anddon’tgiveuphopeofretribution.” 1:8 III A. Judahb.TabbaiandSimeonb.Shatahreceived[it]fromthem. B. Judahb.Tabbaisays, (1)“Don’tmakeyourselflikeoneofthosewhomakeadvocacybefore judges[whileyouyourselfarejudgingacase.].” (2)“Andwhenthelitigantsstandbeforeyou,regardthemasguilty.” (3)“Andwhentheyleaveyou,regardthemasacquitted,(whenthey haveacceptedyourjudgment.)” 1:9 A. Simeonb.Shatahsays, (1)“Examinethewitnesseswithgreatcare.” (2)“Andwatchwhatyousay,” (3)“lesttheylearnfromwhatyousayhowtolie.”1:10 IV A. ShemaiahandAbtalionreceived[it]fromthem. B. Shemaiahsays, (1)“Lovework.” (2)“Hateauthority.” (3)“Don’tgetfriendlywiththegovernment.” 1:11 A. Abtalionsays, (1)“Sages,watchwhatyousay,lestyoubecomeliabletothepunishmentofexile, andgointoexiletoaplaceofbadwater,anddiscipleswhofollowyou drink[badwater]anddie,andthenameofheavenbetherebyprofaned.”1:12 V A. HillelandShammairecieved[it]fromthem. B. Hillelsays, (1)“BedisciplesofAaron,lovingpeaceandpursuingpeace,lovingpeople anddrawingthemneartotheTorah.” 1:13 A. Hewouldsay[inAramaic], (1)“Anamemadegreatisanamedestroyed.” (2)“Andonewhodoesnotaddsubtracts.” (3)“Andwhodoesnotlearnisliabletodeath.” (4)“Andtheonewhousesthecrownpassesaway.”



1:14 A. Hewouldsay, (1)“IfIamnotformyself,whoisforme?” (2)“AndwhenIamformyself,whatamI?” (3)Andifnotnow,when?” 1:15 A. Shammaisays, (1)“MakeyourlearningofTorahafixedobligation.” (2)“Saylittleanddomuch.” (3)“Greeteverybodycheerfully.”1:16 I A. RabbanGamalielsays, (1)“Setupamasterforyourself.” (2)“Avoiddoubt.” (3)“Don’ttithebytoomuchguesswork.”1:17 II A. Simeonhissonsays, (1)“AllmylifeIgrewupamongthesages,andIfoundnothingbetter foraperson[thebody]thansilence. (2)“Andnotthelearningisthemainthingbutthedoing.” (3)“Andwhoevertalkstoomuchcausessin.”1:18 III A. RabbanSimeonb.Gamalielsays,“Onthreethingsdoestheworldstand:” (1)“onjustice,” (2)“ontruth,” (3)“andonpeace,” B. “asitissaid,Execute the judgment of truth and peace in your gates(Zec8:16).” 2:1 I A. Rabbisays,“Whatisthestraightpathwhichapersonshouldchoose forhimself?Whateverisanornamenttotheonewhofollowsit,andanornament intheviewofothers. II B. “Bemeticulousinasmallreligiousdutyasinalargeone,foryoudo notknowwhatsortofrewardiscomingforanyofthevariousreligiousduties. C. “Andreckonwiththeloss[required]incarryingoutareligiousduty againsttherewardfordoingit,” D. “andtherewardforcommittingatransgressionagainstthelossfordoingit.” III E. “Andkeepyoureyeonthreethings,soyouwillnotcomeintothe clutchesoftransgression:” F. “Knowwhatisaboveyou:” G. “(1)Aneyewhichsees,and(2)andearwhichhears,and(3)allyour actionsarewrittendowninabook.”



2:2 I A. RabbanGamaliel,sonofR.JudahthePatriarch,says,“Fittingislearning inTorahalongwithacraft,forthelaborputintothetwoofthemmakesone forgetsin.” B. “AndalllearningofTorahwhichisnotjoinedwithlaborisdestinedto benullandcausesin.” II C. “Andallwhoworkwiththecommunity–letthemworkwiththemfor thesakeofHeaven.” D. “Forthemeritoftheirfathersstrengthensthem,andtheir[fathers’] righteousnessstandsforever.” E. “Andasforyou,Icredityouwithagreatreward,asifyouhaddone [alloftheworkrequiredbythecommunityonyourownmeritalone].” 2:3 III A. “Bewaryofthegovernment,fortheygetfriendlywithapersononly fortheirownconvenience.” B. “Theylooklikefriendswhenitistotheirbenefit,buttheydonotstand byapersonwhenheisinneed.” 2:4 IV A. Hewouldsay,“Makehiswishesintoyourownwishes,sothathewill makeyourwishesintohiswishes.” B. “Putasideyourwishesonaccountofhiswishes,sothathewillput asidethewishesofotherpeopleinfavorofyourwishes.” I C. Hillelsays,“Donotwalkoutonthecommunity.” II D. “Anddonothaveconfidenceinyourselfuntilthedayyoudie.” III E. “Anddonotjudgeyourfellowuntilyouareinhisplace.” IV F. “Anddonotsayanythingwhichcannotbeheard,forintheenditwillbeheard.” V G. “Anddonotsay,“WhenIhavetime,Ishallstudy,”foryoumayneverhavetime.” 2:5 A. Hewouldsay,(1)“Acoarsepersonwillneverfearsin,(2)norwillanam haares everbepious,(3)norwillashypersonlearn,(4)norwillanintolerantperson teach,(5)norwillanyonetoobusyinbusinessgetwise.” B. “Inaplaceinwhichtherearenomen,trytoactlikeaman.” 2:6 A. Also:hesawaskullfloatingonthewaterandsaidtoit,“Becauseyoudrowned others,theydrownedyou,andintheendthosewhodrownedyouwillbedrowned.” 2:7 A. Hewouldsay,(1)“Lotsofmeat,lotsofworms;(2)lotsofproperty,lotsofworries; (3)lotsofwomen,lotsofwitchcraft;(4)lotsofslavegirls,lotsoflust; (5)lotsofslaveboys,lotsofrobbery.” B. “(6)LotsofTorah,lotsoflife;(7)lotsofdiscipleship,lotsofwisdom; (8)lotsofcounsel,lotsofunderstanding;(9)lotsofrighteousness,lotsofpeace.” C. “[If]onehasgottenagoodname,hehasgottenitforhimself.” D. “[If]hehasgottenteachingsofTorah,hehasgottenhimselflifeeternal.”



2:8 A. RabbanYohananb.Zakkaireceived[it]fromHillelandShammai. B. Hewouldsay,“(1)IfyouhavelearnedmuchTorah,(2)donotpuffyourselfup onthataccount,(3)foritwasforthatpurposethatyouwerecreated.” C. Hehadfivedisciples,andthesearethey:R.Eliezerb.Hyrcanus, R.Joshuab.Hananiah,R.Yosethepriest,R.Simeonb.Netanel, andR.Eleazarb.Arakh. D. Hewouldlisttheirgoodqualities: E. R.Eliezerb.Hyrcanus:Aplasteredwell,whichdoesnotloseadropofwater. F. R.Joshua:Happyistheonewhogavebirthtohim. G. R.Yose:Apiousman. H. R.Simeonb.Netanel:Amanwhofearssin. I. AndR.Eleazarb.Arakh:Asurgingspring. J. Hewouldsay,“IfallthesagesofIsraelwereononesideofthescale,and R.Eliezerb.Hyrcanuswereontheother,hewouldoutweighallofthem.” K. AbbaSaulsaysinhisname,“IfallofthesagesofIsraelwereononeside ofthescale,andR.Eliezerb.Hyrcanuswasalsowiththem,and R.Eleazar[b.Arakh]wereontheotherside,hewouldoutweighallofthem.” 2:9 A. Hesaidtothem,“Goandseewhatisthestraightpathtowhichsomeone shouldstick.” B. R.Eliezersays,“Agenerousspirit.” C. R.Joshuasays,“Agoodfriend.” D. R.Yosesays,“Agoodneighbor.” E. R.Simeonsays,“Foresight.” F. R.Eleazarsays,“Goodwill.” G. Hesaidtothem,“IprefertheopinionR.Eleazarb.Arakh,becauseinwhat hesaysisincludedeverythingyousay.” H. Hesaidtothem,“Gooutandseewhatisthebadroad,whichsomeoneshouldavoid.” I. R.Eliezarsays,“Envy.” J. R.Joshuasays,“Abadfriend.” K. R.Yosesays,“Abadneighbor.” L. R.Simeonsays,“Defaultingonaloan.” M. (AllthesameisaloanowedtoahumanbeingandaloanowedtotheOmnipresent, blessedbehe,asitissaid,The wicked borrows and does not pay back, but the righteous person deals graciously and hands over [what he owes][Psa37:21].) N. R.Eleazarsays,“Badwill.” O. Hesaidtothem,“IprefertheopinionofR.Eleazarb.Arakh,becauseinwhat hesaysisincludedeverythingyousay.”



2:10 A. They[each]saidthreethings. B. R.Eliezersays,“(1)Lettherespectowingtoyourfellowbeasprecious toyouastherespectowingtoyouyourself.” C. “(2)Anddon’tbeeasytoanger.” D. “(3)Andrepentonedaybeforeyoudie.” E. “And(1)warmyourselfbythefireofthesages,butbecarefuloftheircoals, soyoudon’tgetburned.” F. “(2)Fortheirbiteisthebiteofafox,andtheirstingisthestingofascorpion, andtheirhissislikethehissofasnake.” G. “(3)Andeverythingtheysayislikefierycoals.” 2:11 A. R.Joshuasays,“(1)Envy,(2)desireofbadthings,and(3)hatredforpeople pushapersonoutoftheworld.” 2:12 A. R.Yosesays,“(1)Letyourfellow’smoneybeasprecioustoyouasyourown.” B. “(2)AndgetyourselfreadytolearnTorah,” C. “foritdoesnotcomeasaninheritancetoyou.” D. “(3)AndmayeverythingyoudobeforthesakeofHeaven.” 2:13 A. R.Simeonsays,“(1)BemeticulousintherecitationoftheshemaandthePrayer.” B. “(2)Andwhenyoupray,don’ttreatyourprayingasamatterofroutine.” C. “Butletisbea[pleafor]mercyandsupplicationbeforetheOmnipresent, blessedbehe.” D. “Asitissaid,For he is gracious and full of compassion, slow to anger and full of mercy, and repents of the evil(Joel2:13).” E. “(3)Andneverbeevilinyourowneyes.” 2:14 A. R.Eleazarsays,“(1)BeconstantinlearningofTorah.” B. “(2)AndknowwhattoreplytoanEpicurean.” C. “(3)Andknowbeforewhoyouwork,” D. “foryouremployercanbedependedupontopayyourwagesforwhatyoucando.” 2:15 A. R.Tarfonsays,“(1)Thedayisshort,(2)theworkformidable, (3)theworkerslazy,(4)thewageshigh,(5)theemployerimpatient.”2:16 I A. Hewouldsay,“It’snotyourjobtofinishthework,butyou’renot freetowalkawayfromit.” II B. “IfyouhavelearnedmuchTorah,theywillgiveyouagoodreward.” III C. “Andyouremployercanbedependedupontopayyourwagesforwhatyoucando.” D. “Andknowwhatsortofrewardisgoingtobegiventotherighteous inthecomingtime.”



3:1 A. Aqabiahb.Mehallalelsays,“Reflectuponthreethingsandyouwillnotfall intotheclutchesoftransgression: B. “(1)Knowfromwhenceyoucome,(2)whitheryouaregoing,and(3)before whomyouaregoingtohavetogiveafullaccount[ofyourself].” C. “From whence do you come?Fromaputriddrop.” D. “Whither are you going?Toaplaceofdust,worms,andmaggots.” E. “And before whom are you going to give a full account of yourself?Before theKingofkingsofkings,theHolyOne,blessedbehe.” 3:2 A. R.Hananiah,PrefectofthePriests,says,“Prayforthewelfareofthegovernment.” B. “Forifitwerenotforfearofit,onemanwouldswallowhisfellowalive.” C. R.Hananiahb.Teradionsays,“[If]twosittogetherandbetweenthemdo notpassteachingsofTorah,lo,thisisa seat of the scornful, D. “asitissaid,Nor sits in the seat of the scornful(Psa1:1).” E. “Buttwowhoaresitting,andwordsofTorahdopassbetweenthem–the Presenceiswiththem. F. “asitissaid,Then they that feared the Lord spoke with one another, and the Lord hearkened and heard, and a book of remembrance was written before him, for them that feared the Lord and gave thought to His name(Mal3:16).” G. Iknowthatthisappliestotwo. H. HowdoIknowthatevenifasinglepersonsitsandworksonTorah,the HolyOne,blessedbehe,setsasidearewardforhim? I. Asitissaid,Let him sit alone and keep silent, because he has laid it upon him (Lam3:28). 3:3 A. R.Simeonsays,“Threewhoateatasingletableanddidnottalkaboutteachings ofTorahwhileatthattableareasthoughtheyatefromdead sacrifices(Psa106:28). B. “asitissaid,For all tables are full of vomit and filthiness [if they are] without God(Psa106:28).” C. “ButthreewhoateatasingletableanddidtalkaboutteachingsofTorahwhile atthattableareasiftheyateatthetableoftheOmnipresent,blessedishe,” D. “asitissaid,And he said to me, This is the table that is before the Lord(Eze41:22).” 3:4 A. R.Hananiahb.Hakhinaisays,“(1)Hewhogetsupatnight,and(2)hewho walksaroundbyhimself,and(3)hewhoturnshisdesiretoemptiness–lo, thispersonisliableforhislife.” 3:5 A. R.Nehunyab.Haqqanehsays,“Fromwhoeveracceptsuponhimselftheyokeof Torahdotheyremovetheyokeofthestateandtheyokeofhardlabor.” B. “AnduponwhoeverremovesfromhimselftheyokeoftheTorahdotheylay theyokeofthestateandtheyokeofhardlabor.”



3:6 A. R.HalaftaofKefarHananiahsays,“AmongtenwhositandworkhardonTorah thePresencecomestorest, B. “asitissaid,God stands in the congregation of God(Psa82:1).” C. “Andhowdoweknowthatthesameissoevenoffive?Foritissaid,And he has founded his group upon the earth(Amo9:6). D. “Andhowdoweknowthatthisissoevenofthree?Sinceitissaid,And he judges among the judges(Psa82:1). E. “Andhowdoweknowthatthisissoevenoftwo?Becauseitissaid,Then they that feared the Lord spoke with one another, and the Lord hearkened and heard(Mal3:16). F. “Andhowdoweknowthatthisissoevenofone?Sinceitissaid,In every place where I record my name I will come to you and I will bless you(Exo20:24).” 3:7 A. R.EleazarofBartotasays,“Givehimwhatishis,foryouandyoursarehis.” B. “ForsodoesitsayaboutDavid,For all things come of you, and of your own have we given you(IChr29:14).” C. R.Simeonsays,“Hewhoisgoingalongthewayandrepeating[hisTorah tradition]butinterruptshisrepetitionandsays,‘Howbeautifulisthattree!How beautifulisthatploughedfield!’–Scripturereckonsittohimasifhehasbecome liableforhislife,” 3:8 A. R.Dosetaib.R.YannaiinthenameofR.Meirsays,“Whoeverforgets asinglethingfromwhathehaslearned–Scripturereckonsittohimasifhehas becomeliableforhislife,” B. “as it is said, Only take heed to yourself and keep your soul diligently, lest you forget the words which your eyes saw(Deu4:9).” C. “Isitpossiblethatthisissoevenifhislearningbecametoomuchforhim?” D. “Scripturesays,Lest they depart from your heart all the days of your life.” E. “Thushebecomesliableforhislifeonlywhenhewillsitdownandactually remove[hislearning]fromhisownheart.” 3:9 I A. R.Haninahb.Dosasays,“Foranyonewhosefearofsintakesprecedence overhiswisdom,hiswisdomwillendure.” B. “Andforanyonewhosewisdomtakesprecedenceoverhisfearofsin, hiswisdomwillnotendure.” II C. Hewouldsay,“Anyonewhosedeedsaremorethanhiswisdom–hiswisdom willendure.” D. “Andanyonewhosewisdomismorethanhisdeed–hiswisdomwillnotendure.”



3:10 III A. Hewouldsay,“Anyonefromwhompeopletakepleasure–theOmnipresent takespleasure.” B. “Andanyonefromwhompeopledonottakepleasure,theOmnipresent doesnottakepleasure.” C. R.Dosab.Harkinassays,“(1)Sleepinglateinthemorning,(2)drinking wineatnoon,(3)chattingwithchildren,and(4)attendingthesynagoguesof theignorantdriveamanoutoftheworld.” 3:11 A. R.EleazartheModitesays,“(1)HewhotreatsHolyThingsassecular,and(2)he whodefilestheappointedtimes,(3)hewhohumiliateshisfellowinpublic,(4)he whoremovesthesignsofthecovenantofAbraham,ourfather,(mayherestin peace),and(5)hewhoexposesaspectsoftheTorahnotinaccordwiththelaw,” B. “eventhoughhehasinhandlearninginTorahandgooddeeds,willhave noshareintheworldtocome.” 3:12 A. R.Ishmaelsays,“(1)Bequick[inservice]toasuperior,(2)efficientin service[tothestate],and(3)receiveeverybodywithjoy.” 3:13 A. R.Aqibasays,“(1)Laughterandlightheadednessturnlewdnessintoahabit.” B. “(2)TraditionisafencefortheTorah.” C. “(3)Tithesareafenceforwealth.” D. “(4)Vowsareafenceforabstinence.” E. “(5)Afenceforwisdomissilence.”3:14 I A. Hewouldsay,“Preciousisthehumanbeing,whowascreatedintheimage[ofGod].” B. “Itwasanactofstillgreaterlovethatitwasmadeknowntohimthathe wascreatedintheimage[ofGod].” C. “asitissaid,ForintheimageofGodhemademan(Gen9:6).” II D. “PreciousareIsraelites,whoarecalledchildrentotheOmnipresent.” E. “ItwasanactofstillgreaterlovethattheywerecalledchildrentotheOmnipresent,” F. “asitissaid,YouarethechildrenoftheLordyouGod(Deu14:1).” III G. “PreciousareIsraelites,towhomwasgiventhepreciousthing.” H. “Itwasanactofstillgreaterlovethatitwasmadeknowntothemthatto themwasgiventhatpreciousthingwithwhichtheworldwasmade, I. “asitissaid,ForIgiveyouagooddoctrine.DonotforsakemyTorah(Pro4:2).”3:15 I A. “Everythingisforeseen,andfreechoiceisgiven.” II B. “Ingoodnesstheworldisjudged.” III C. “Andallisinaccordwiththeabundanceofdeed[s].” 3:16 A. Hewouldsay,“(1)Allishandedoverasapledge,” B. “(2)Andanetiscastoveralltheliving.” C. “(3)Thestoreisopen,(4)thestorekeepergivescredit,(5)theaccountbook isopen,and(6)thehandiswriting.”



D. “(1)Whoeverwantstoborrowmaycomeandborrow.” E. “(2)Thecharitycollectorsgoaroundeverydayandcollectfromman whetherheknowsitornot.” F. “(3)Andtheyhavegroundsforwhattheydo.” G. “(4)Andthejudgmentisatruejudgment.” H. “(5)Andeverythingisreadyforthemeal.”3:17 I A. R.Eleazarb.Azariahsays,“IfthereisnolearningofTorah,thereisno properconduct.” B. “Ifthereisnoproperconduct,thereisnolearninginTorah.” II C. “Ifthereisnowisdom,thereisnoreverence.” D. “Ifthereisnoreverence,thereisnowisdom.” III E. “Ifthereisnounderstanding,thereisnoknowledge.” F. “Ifthereisnoknowledge,thereisnounderstanding.” IV G. “Ifthereisnosustenance,thereisnoTorahlearning.” H. “IfthereisnoTorahlearning,thereisnosustenance.” I I. Hewouldsay,“Anyonewhosewisdomisgreaterthanhisdeeds–towhatishe tobelikened?Toatreewithabundantfoliage,butfewroots.” J. “Whenthewindscome,theywilluprootitandblowitdown.,” K. “asitissaid,He shall be like a tamarisk in the desert and shall not see when good comes but shall inhabit the parched places in the wilderness(Jer17:6).” II L. “Butanyonewhosedeedsaregreaterthanhiswisdom–towhatishe tobelikened?Toatreewithabundantfoliage,butfewroots.” M. “Forevenifallthewindsintheworldweretocomeandblastatit,they willnotmoveitfromitsplace,” N. “asitissaid,He shall be as a tree planted by the waters, and that spreads out its roots by the river, and shall not fear when heat comes, and his leaf shall be green, and shall not be careful in the year of drought, neither shall cease from yielding fruit(Jer17:8).” 3:18 A. R.EleazarHismasays,“Thelawsofbirdofferingsandthebeginningofawoman’s menstruationperiod–theareindeedtheessentialsoftheTorah.” B. “Calculationsoftheequinoxesandreckoningthenumericalvalueoflettersare thesavoriesofwisdom.” 4:1 I A. BenZomasays,“Whoisasage?Hewholearnsfromeverybody,” B. “asitissaid,From all my teachers I have gotten understanding(Psa119:99).” II C. “Whoisstrong?Hewhoovercomeshisdesire,” D. “asitissaid,Hewhoisslowtoangerisbetterthanthemighty,andhe whoruleshisspiritthenhewhotakesacity(Pro16:32).



III E. “Whoisrich?Hewhoishappyinwhathehas,” F. “asitissaid,When you eat the labor of your hands, happy will you be, and it will go well with you(Psa128:2). G. (“Happy will you be–inthisworld,and it will go well with you–inthe worldtocome.”) IV H. “Whoishonored?Hewhohonorseverybody,” I. “asitissaid,For those who honor me I shall honor, and they who despise me will be treated as of no account(ISam2:30).” 4:2 A. BenAzzaisays,“Runafterthemostminorreligiousdutyasafterthemost important,andfleefromtransgression.” B. “Fordoingonereligiousdutydrawsinitswakedoingyetanother,and doingonetransgressiondrawsinitswakedoingyetanother.” C. “Fortherewardofdoingareligiousdutyisareligiousduty,andthereward ofdoingatransgressionisatransgression.” 4:3 A. Hewouldsay,“Donotdespiseanybodyanddonottreatanythingasunlikely.” B. “Foryouhavenoonewhodoesnothavehistime,andyouhavenothing whichdoesnothaveitsplace.” 4:4 A. R.LevitasofYabnehsays,“Beexceedinglyhumble,forthehopeofhumanity istheworm.” B. R.Yohananb.Beroqahsays,“WhoeversecretlytreatstheNameofHeaven asprofanepubliclypaystheprice.” C. “Allthesamearetheonewhodoessoinadvertentlyandtheonewhodoes sodeliberately,whenitcomestotreatingthenameofHeavenasprofane.” 4:5 A. R.Ishmael,hisson,says,“Hewholearnssoastoteach–theygivehima chancetolearnandtoteach.” B. “Hewholearnssoastocarryouthisteachings–theygivehimachancetolearn, toteach,tokeep,andtodo.” C. R.Sadoqsays,“Donotmake[Torahteachings]acrownwithwhichto glorifyyourselforaspadewithwhichtodig.” D. (SodidHillelsay[M.1:13],“Hewhousesthecrownperishes.”) E. “Thushaveyoulearned:Whoeverderivesworldlybenefitfromteachings ofTorahtakeshislifeoutofthisworld.” 4:6 A. R.Yosesays,“WhoeverhonorstheTorahhimselfishonoredbypeople.” B. “AndwhoeverdisgracestheTorahhimselfisdisgracedbypeople.” 4:7 A. R.Ishmael,hisson,says,“Hewhoavoidsservingasajudgebreaksoff thepowerofenmity,robbery,andfalseswearing.” B. “Andhewhoisarrogantaboutmakingdecisionsisafool,evil,andprideful.”



4:8 A. Hewouldsay,“Donotserveasajudgebyyourself,forthereisonlyOne whoservesasajudgeallalone.” B. “Anddonotsay,‘Acceptmyopinion.’” C. “Fortheyhavethechoiceinthatmatter,notyou.” 4:9 A. R.Yonatansays,“WhoeverkeepstheTorahwhenpoorwillintheend keepitinwealth.” B. “AndwhoevertreatstheTorahasnothingwhenheiswealthyintheend willtreatitasnothinginpoverty.” 4:10 A. R.Meirsays,“Keepyourbusinesstoaminimumandmake[your]businessTorah.” B. “Andbehumblebeforeeverybody.” C. “AndifyoutreattheTorahasnothing,youwillhavemanytreatingyouasnothing.” D. “AndifyouhavelaboredinTorah,[God]hasagreatrewardtogiveyou.” 4:11 A. R.Eliezerb.Jacobsays,“Hewhodoesevenasinglereligiousdutygets himselfagoodadvocate.” B. “Hewhodoesevenasingletransgressiongetshimselfaprosecutor.” C. “Penitenceandgooddeedsarelikeashieldagainstpunishment.” D. R.YohananHassandelarsays,“Anygatheringwhichisforthesakeof Heavenisgoingtoendure. E. “AndanywhichisnotforthesakeofHeavenisnotgoingtoendure.” 4:12 A. R.Eleazarb.Shammuasays,“Thehonorowningtoyourdiscipleshouldbe asprecioustoyouasyours.” B. “Andthehonorowingtoyourfellowshouldbelikethereverenceowing toyourmaster.” C. “AndthereverenceowingtoyourmastershouldbeliketheaweowingtoHeaven.” 4:13 A. R.Judahsays,“Bemeticulousaboutlearning,” B. “forerrorinlearningleadstodeliberateviolation[oftheTorah].” C. R.Simeonsays,“Therearethreecrowns:thecrownofTorah,thecrown ofpriesthood,andthecrownofsovereignty.” D. “Butthecrownofagoodnameisbestofthemall.” 4:14 A. R.Nehoraisays,“GointoexiletoaplaceofTorah,anddonotsuppose thatiswillcometoyou.” B. “Foryourfellowdiscipleswillmakeitsolidinyourhand.” C. “Andonyourownunderstandingdonotrely.” 4:15 A. R.Yannaisays,“Wedonothaveinhand[anexplanation]eitherforthe prosperityofthewickedofforthesufferingoftherighteous.” B. R.Matyab.Harashsays,“Greeteverybodyfirst,” C. andbeatailtolions.” D. Butdonotbeaheadoffoxes.”



4:16 A. R.Jacobsays,“Thisworldislikeanantechamberbeforetheworldtocome.” B. “Getreadyintheantechamber,soyoucangointothegreathall.” 4:17 A. Hewouldsay,“Betterisasinglemomentspentinpenitenceandgooddeeds inthisworldthanthewholeoftheworldtocome.” B. “Andbetterisasinglemomentofinnerpeaceintheworldtocomethan thewholeofalifetimespentinthisworld.” 4:18 A. R.Simeonb.Eleazarsays,“(1)Donottrytomakeamendswithyourfellow whenheisangry,” B. “(2)orcomforthimwhenthecorpseofhisbelovedislyingbeforehim,” C. “(3)orseektofindabsolutionforhimatthemomentatwhichhetakesavow,” D. “(4)orattempttoseehimwhenheishumiliated.” 4:19 A. SamueltheSmallsays,“Rejoice not when your enemy falls, and let not your heart be glad when he is overthrown, lest the Lord see it and it displease him, and he turn away his wrath from him(Pro24:17).” 4:20 A. Elishab.Abuyahsays,“Hewholearnswhenachild–whatishelike? Inkputdownonacleanpieceofpaper. B. “Andhewholearnswhenanoldman–whatishelike?Inkputdownon apaperfulloferasures. C. R.Yoseb.R.JudahofKefarHabbablisays,“Hewholearnsfromchildren–what ishelike?Onewhoeastsourgrapesanddrinksfreshwine.” D. “Andhewholearnsfromoldmen–whatishelike?Hewhoeatsripegrapes anddrinksvintagewine.” E. Rabbisays,“Donotlookatthebottlebutatwhatisinit.” F. “Youcanhaveanewbottlefullofoldwine,andanoldbottlewhichhas notgotevennewwine.” 4:21 A. R.EliezerHaqqapparsays,“Jealousy,lust,andambitiondriveaperson outofthisworld.” 4:22 A. Hewouldsay,“Thosewhoarebornare[destined]todie,andthosewho dieare[destined]forresurrection.” B. “Andthelivingare[destined]tobejudged–” C. “soastoknow,tomakeknow,andtoconfirmthat(1)heisGod, D. “(2)heistheonewhoforms,” E. “(3)heistheonewhocreates,” F. “(4)heistheonewhounderstands,” G. “(5)heistheonewhojudges,” H. “(6)heistheonewhogivesevidence,” I. “(7)heistheonewhobringssuit,”



J. “(8)andheistheonewhoisgoingtomaketheultimatejudgment,” K. “Blessedbehe,forbeforehimarenot(1)guile,(2)forgetfulness, (3)respectforpersons,(4)bribetaking,” L. “foreverythingishis.” M. “Andknowthateverythingissubjecttoreckoning.” N. “AnddonotletyourevilimpulsepersuadeyouthatSheolisaplaceof refugeforyou.” O. “For(1)despiteyourwisheswereyouformed,(2)despiteyourwishes wereyouborn,(3)despiteyourwishesdoyoulive,(4)despiteyourwishes doyoudie,and(5)despiteyourwishesareyougoingtogiveafullaccounting beforetheKingofkingsofkings,theHolyOne,blessedbehe.” 5:1 I A. Bytenactsofspeechwastheworldmade. B. AndwhatdoesScripturemean[byhavingGodsaysaytentimes]?Andisitnotso thatwithasingleactofspeech[theworld]couldhavebeenbroughtintobeing? C. Butitistoexactpunishmentfromthewicked,whodestroyaworldwhichwas createdthroughtenactsofspeech, D. andtosecureagoodrewardfortherighteous,whosustainaworldwhichwas createdthroughtenactsofspeech. 5:2 II A. TherearetengenerationsfromAdamtoNoah,toshowyouhowlong-suffering is[God]. B. Forallthosegenerationswentalongspitinghimuntilhebroughtthewaterof theflooduponthem. III C. TherearetengenerationfromNoahtoAbraham,toshowyouhowlong-suffering is[God]. D. Forallthosegenerationswentalongspitinghim,untilAbrahamcamealong andtooktherewardwhichhadbeenmeantforallofthem. 5:3 IV A. TentrialswereinflicteduponAbraham,ourfather,mayherestinpeace, andhewithstoodallofthem, B. toshowyouhowgreatisHisloveforAbraham,ourfather,mayherestinpeace. 5:4 V A. TenwondersweredoneforourfathersinEgypt,andtenattheSea. VI B. TenblowsdidtheHolyOne,blessedbehe,bringupontheEgyptiansinEgypt, andtenattheSea. VII C. TentrialsdidourfathersinflictupontheOmnipresent,blessedbehe, intheWilderness, D. asitissaid,Yet they have tempted me these ten times and have not listened to my voice(Num14:22).



5:5 VIIIA. TenwondersweredoneforourfathersintheTemple: B. (1)AwomannevermiscarriedonaccountofthestenchofthemeatofHolyThings. (2)AndthemeatoftheHolyThingsneverturnedrotten. (3)Aflynevermadeanappearanceintheslaughterhouse. (4)Ahighpriestneversufferedanocturnalemissionontheeveof theDayofAtonement. (5)Therainneverquenchedthefireonthealtar. (6)Nowindeverblewawaythepillarofsmoke. (7)Aninvalidatingfactorneveraffectedtheomer,theTwoLoaves, ortheShowBread. (8)Whenthepeoplearestanding,theyarejammedtogether.Whenthey godownandprostratethemselves,theyhaveplentyofroom. (9)AsnakeandascorpionneverbitanybodyinJerusalem. (10)Andnooneeversaidtohisfellow,“The place is too crowded for me(Isa49:20)tostayinJerusalem.” 5:6 IX A. TenthingswerecreatedontheeveoftheSabbath[Friday]attwilight, andthesearethey: B. (1)themouthoftheearth[Num16:32]; (2)themouthofthewell[Num21:16-18]; (3)themouthoftheass[Num22:28]; (4)therainbow[Gen9:13]; (5)themanna[Exo16:15]; (6)therod[Exo4:17]; (7)theShamir; (8)letters, (9)writing, (10)andthetablesofstone[ofthetencommandments,Exo32:15f.]. C. Andsomesay,“Alsothedestroyers,thegraveofMoses,andthetamariskof Abraham,ourfather.” D. Andsomesay,“Also:thetongsmadewithtongs[withwhichthefirst tongsweremade.].” 5:7 A. Thereareseventraitstoanunformedclod,andseventoasage. B. (1)Asagedoesnotspeakbeforesomeonegreaterthanheinwisdom. C. (2)Andhedoesnotinterrupthisfellow. D. (3)Andheisnotatalossforananswer. E. (4)Heasksarelevantquestionandanswersproperly. F. (5)Andheaddresseseachmatterinitspropersequence,first,thensecond.



G. (6)Andconcerningsomethinghehasnotheard,hesays,“Ihavenotheard theanswer.” H. (7)Andheconcedesthetruth[whentheotherpartydemonstratesit]. I. Andtheoppositeofthesetraitsapplytoaclod. 5:8 A. Therearesevenformsofpunishmentwhichcomeupontheworldforseven kindsoftransgression. B. (1)[If]somepeoplegivetithesandsomepeopledonotgivetithes,there isafaminefromdrought. C. Sosomepeoplearehungryandsomehaveenough. D. (2)[If]everyonedecidednottotithe,thereisafamineofunrestanddrought. E. (3)[Ifalldecided]nottoremovedoughoffering,thereisafamineoftotality. F. (4)Pestilencecomestotheworldonaccountofthedeathpenaltieswhich arelistedintheTorahbutwhicharenotinthehandsofthecourt[toinflice]; G. andbecauseoftheproduceoftheSeventhYear[whichpeoplebuyandsell]. H. (5)Aswordcomesintotheworldbecauseofthedelayingofjusticeandperversion ofjustice,andbecauseofthosewhoteachtheTorahnotinaccordwiththelaw. 5:9 A. (6)Aplagueofwildanimalscomesintotheworldbecauseofvainoaths anddesecrationoftheDivineName. B. (7)Exilecomeintotheworldbecauseofthosewhoworshipidols,because offornication,andbecauseofbloodshed, C. andbecauseoftheneglectofthereleaseoftheLand[intheyearofrelease]. D. Atfourturningsintheyearspestilenceincreases:intheFourthYear,inthe SeventhYear,intheyearaftertheSeventhYear,andattheendoftheFestival [ofTabernacles]everyyear: E. (1)intheFourthYear,becauseofthepoorman’stitheoftheThirdYear [whichpeoplehaveneglectedtohandovertothepoor]; F. (2)intheSeventhYear,becauseofthepoorman’stitheoftheSixthYear; G. (3)intheyearaftertheSeventhYear,becauseofthedealinginproduceof theSeventhYear; H. (4)andattheendoftheFestivaleveryyear,becauseofthethieveryofthe dues[gleaningsandthelike]owingtothepoor[notleftfortheminthe antecedentharvest].5:10 I A. Therearefoursortsofpeople. B. (1)Hewhosays,“What’smineismineandwhat’syoursisyours”–this istheaveragesort. C. (Andsomesay,“ThisisthesortofSodom.”) D. (2)“What’smineisyoursandwhat’syoursismine”–thisisaboor.



E. (3)“What’smineisyoursandwhat’syoursisyours”–thisisatrulypiousman. F. (4)“What’smineismineandwhat’syoursinmine”–thisisatrulywickedman.5:11 II A. Therearefoursortsofpersonality: B. (1)easilyangered,easilycalmed–heloseswhathegains; C. (2)hardtoanger,hardtocalm–heloseswhathegains; D. (3)hardtoangerandeasytocalm–atrulypiousman; E. (4)easytoangerandhardtocalm–atrulywickedman.5:11 III A. Therearefourtypesofdisciples: B. (1)quicktograsp,quicktoforget–heloseswhathegains; C. (2)slowtograsp,slowtoforget–whatheloseshegains; D. (3)quicktograsp,slowtoforget–asage; E. (4)slowtograsp,quicktoforget–abadlotindeed.5:13 IV A. Therearefourtraitsamongpeoplewhogivecharity: B. (1)hewhowantstogivebutdoesnotwantotherstogive–hebegrudges whatbelongstoothers; C. (2)hewantsotherstogive,buthedoesnotwanttogive–hebegrudges whatbelongstohimself; D. (3)hewillgiveandhewantsotherstogive–heistrulypious; E. (4)hewillnotgiveanddoesnotwantotherstogive–heistrulywicked.5:14 V A. Therearefoursortsamongthosewhogotothestudyhouse: B. Hewhogoesbutdoesnotcarryout[whathelearns]–hehasatleastthereward forthegoing. C. Hewhopracticesbutdoesnotgo[tostudy]–hehasatleastthereward forthedoing. D. Hewhobothgoesandpractices–heistrulypious. E. Hewhoneithergoesnorpractices–heistrulywicked. 5:15 A. Therearefourtraitsamongthosewhositbeforethesages: B. asponge,afunnel,astrainer,andasifter. C. asponge–becausehespongeseverythingup; D. afunnel–becausehetakesinononesideandletsoutontheother; E. astrainer–forheletsoutthewineandkeepsinthelees; F. andasifter–forheletsouttheflourandkeepsinthefinestflour.5:16 I A. [In]anylovingrelationshipwhichdependsuponsomething,[when]that thingisgone,theloveisgone. B. Butanywhichdoesnotdependuponsomethingwillnevercometoanend. C. Whatisalovingrelationshipwhichdependsuponsomething?Thatistheloveof AmnonandTamar(IISam13:15).



D. Andonewhichdoesnotdependuponsomething?ThatistheloveofDavid andJonathan.5:17 II A. AnydisputewhichisforthesakeofHeavenwillintheendyieldresults,and anywhichisnotforthesakeofHeavenwillintheendnotyieldresults. B. WhatisadisputeforthesakeofHeaven?Thisisthesortofdisputebetween HillelandShammai. C. AndwhatisonewhichisnotforthesakeofHeaven?Itisthedisputeof Korachandallhisparty.5:18 III A. Hewhobringsmerittothecommunitynevercausessin. B. Andhewhocausesthecommunitytosin–theynevergivehimasufficient chancetoattainpenitence. C. Mosesattainedmeritandbestowedmeritonthecommunity. D. Sothemeritofthecommunityisassignedtohis[credit], E. asitissaid,He executed the justice of the Lord and his judgments with Israel(Deu33:21). F. Jeroboamsinnedandcausedthecommunitytosin. G. Sothesinofthecommunityisassignedtohis[debit], H. asitissaid,For the sins of Jeroboam which he committed and wherewith he made Israel to sin(IKings15:30). 5:19 A. AnyoneinwhomarethesetraitsisoneofthedisciplesofAbraham,ourfather; B. but[ifhebears]threeothertraits,heisoneofthedisciplesofBalaam,thewicked: C. (1)agenerousspirit,(2)amodestmien,and(3)ahumblesoul–heisone ofthedisciplesofAbraham,ourfather. D. (1)agrudgingspirit,(2)anarrogantmien,and(3)ahumblesoul–heisone ofthedisciplesofBalaam,thewicked. E. WhatisthedifferencebetweenthedisciplesofAbrahamourfatherandthe disciplesofBalaamthewicked? F. ThedisciplesofAbrahamourfatherenjoythebenefit[oftheirlearning]inthis worldandyetinherittheworldtocome,asitissaid,That I may cause those who love me to inherit substance, and so that I may fill their treasures(Pro8:21). G. ThedisciplesofBalaamthewickedinheritGehennaandgodowntothePit ofDestruction,asitissaid,But you, O God, shall bring them down into the pit of destruction; bloodthirsty and deceitful men shall not live out half their days(Psa55:24). 5:20 A. Judahb.Temasays,“Bestrongasaleopard,fastasaneagle,fleetasagazelle, andbraveasalion,tocarryoutthewillofyourFatherwhoisinheaven.”



B. Hewouldsay,“TheshamelessgotoGehenna,andthediffidenttothegarden ofEden.” C. “Mayitbefoundpleasingbeforeyou,OLordourGod,thatyourebuildyour cityquicklyinourdayandsetourportioninyourTorah.” 5:21 A. Hewouldsay“(1)AtfivetoScripture,(2)tentoMishnah,(3)thirteento religiousduties,(4)fifteentoTalmud,(5)eighteentotheweddingcanopy, (6)twentytoresponsibilityforprovidingforafamily,(7)thirtytofullnessof strength,(8)fortytounderstanding,(9)fiftytocounsel,(10)sixtytooldage, (11)seventytoripeoldage,(12)eightytoremarkablestrength,(13)ninetytoa bowedback,and(14)atahundred–heislikeacorpsewhohasalreadypassed andgonefromthisworld.” 5:22 A. BenBagBagsays[inAramaic],“Turnitoverandoverbecauseeverythingisinit.” B. “Andreflectuponitandgrowoldandworninitanddonotleaveit,” C. [inHebrew],“foryouhavenobetterlotthanthat.” 5:23 A. BenHeHesays,“Inaccordwiththeeffortisthereward.”

the mishnah and other rabbinic literature and the new...

Documents